Nonbinary Wiki - User contributions [en]

Eddie Izzard

2020-08-12T00:43:25Z

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{{Infobox person
| picture=Eddie Izzard comes to Crouch End.jpg
| caption=Izzard at a Labour Party rally in 2015.
| date_birth=7 February 1962
| place_birth=Colony of Aden [now Yemen]
| nationality=English
| pronouns="If I am in boy mode then 'he' or girl mode 'she.'"<ref name="Nunn">{{Cite web |title=Eddie Izzard works Wunderbar in Chicago |last=Nunn |first=Jerry |work=Windy City Times |date=2019-05-24 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/lgbt/Eddie-Izzard-works-Wunderbar-in-Chicago-/66141.html}}</ref>
| gender=* "[[transgender]] guy"<ref name="comingout2016">{{Cite web |title=Eddie on coming out as transgender - Eddie Izzard: Marathon Man |author=BBC Three |work=YouTube |date=14 March 2016 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARKUJIoeZpw}}</ref>
* "100% boy, plus extra girl"<ref name="Garrison">{{Cite web |title=Eddie Izzard on Atheism, Transgender, and “The Invisible Bloke Upstairs” |last=Garrison |first=Becky |work=Religion Dispatches |date=8 March 2013 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://religiondispatches.org/eddie-izzard-on-atheism-transgender-and-the-invisible-bloke-upstairs/}}</ref>
* "kind of gender fluid"<ref name="Nunn" />
* "I identify somewhat boy-ish and somewhat girl-ish."<ref name="comingout2016" /><ref name="Ruby">{{Cite web |title=Eddie Izzard gives inspiring speech on being transgender as he takes a break from marathon to get his nails done |last=Ruby |first=Jennifer |work=Evening Standard |date=15 March 2016 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/eddie-izzard-gives-inspiring-speech-on-being-transgender-as-he-takes-a-break-from-marathon-to-get-a3204136.html }}</ref>
| occupation=comedian, actor, writer, activist
| known_for=
}}
'''Edward John Izzard''' is an English stand-up comedian, actor, writer, and political activist. His comedic style takes the form of rambling whimsical monologues and self-referential pantomime.

He had a starring role in the television series ''The Riches'' as Wayne Malloy and has appeared in ''Ocean's Twelve'', ''Ocean's Thirteen'', ''Mystery Men'', ''Shadow of the Vampire'', ''The Cat's Meow'', ''Across the Universe'', ''Valkyrie'', and ''Victoria & Abdul'' among other movies. He has also worked as a voice actor in ''The Wild'', ''Igor'', ''The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian'', ''Cars 2'', ''The Lego Batman Movie'', ''Abominable'', and many others.

Izzard has won numerous awards including a Primetime Emmy Award for Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program for his comedy special Dress to Kill, in 2000. Izzard's website won the Yahoo People's Choice Award and earned the Webby Award.

In 2009, he completed 43 marathons in 51 days for Sport Relief despite having no history of long-distance running.

Izzard has campaigned for various causes and has been a Labour Party activist for most of his adult life. He twice ran for a seat on Labour's National Executive Committee. When Christine Shawcroft resigned in March 2018, he took her place by default but was not re-elected in that summer's NEC elections.

Izzard describes himself as a "transgender guy"<ref name="comingout2016" /> having "boy genetics and girl genetics".<ref name="loose">{{Cite web |title=Eddie Izzard on Why It Was Important for Him to Come Out |author=Loose Women |work=YouTube |date=30 June 2017 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2rYR0n5zTQ}}</ref> In the past when terminology was different, Izzard identified as a [[transvestite]]<ref name="londonreal">{{Citation|title=DEALING WITH TRANSGENDER REACTIONS - Eddie Izzard on London Real|date=14 December 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpPPaMazpf0|accessdate=12 October 2017}}</ref>, and has also called himself "a lesbian trapped in a man's body"<ref name="lifestory">{{Cite web |title=Comic Izzard promoting life story |author= |work=BBC News |date=17 May 2004 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3720385.stm}}</ref>, a "male lesbian", and "a complete boy plus half girl".<ref name="tough">{{Cite web |title=Eddie Izzard: The tough transvestite who can take care of himself |author= |work=The Independent |date=23 May 2004 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/eddie-izzard-the-tough-transvestite-who-can-take-care-of-himself-61326.html}}</ref>

Izzard's stance is that the way he dresses is neither part of his performance nor a sexual fetish. He said "I don't call it [[drag]]; I don't even call it [[cross-dressing]]. It's just wearing a dress. ... It's not about artifice. It's about me just expressing myself."<ref name="Visco">{{cite web|last=Visco|first=Gerry|title=Eddie Izzard, Force of Nature|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/culture/eddie-izzard|work=Interview|accessdate=17 May 2020|date=19 May 2014}}</ref> He has expressed a personal conviction that being transgender is caused by genetics and that someday this will be scientifically proven, having gone so far as to have his own genome sequenced.<ref name="Garrison" /><ref name="londonreal" />

==Quotes==
{{quote|I think when [[LGBT]] gets really boring then we've made it, because it shouldn't be, “You're gay? Oh my god! You're transgender? Oh my god!” It should just be, “You're LGBT? Fine. Are you any good at what you do—accounting, photography, playing the banjo? How are you at that?” Our [[Sexual or romantic orientations|sexuality]] should be a thing that's there, but not the front signpost.<ref name="Visco" />}}

{{quote| I have boy mode and girl mode. I am kind of [[gender fluid]]. I want to express both sides of myself, which has always been there. I am a [[tomboy]] and tomgirl kind of person.<ref name="Nunn" />}}

{{quote|If you look at a tiger, you go "ooh tiger", you don't go "a boy tiger or girl tiger?". We are obsessed by the genders because we grow up in one gender or another. But no other animal is obsessed by our gender. They don't give a monkey's about our gender. [...] How you self-identify, who you fancy, matters not one whit. What do you do in life? What do you create? What do you add to the human existence?<ref name="comingout2016" />}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Activists]]
[[Category: Nonbinary people]]
[[Category: Performers]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Izzard, Eddie}}
{{en-WP attribution notice}}

Emasculation

2020-08-12T00:41:35Z

2601:901:4300:1CF0:48F3:6F2A:F154:963C: basic grammar fix

{{Content warning|genitals, reproductive organs, and surgery}}

{{disclaimer|The Nonbinary Wiki is written by volunteers who are not necessarily experts on medical topics. This wiki and its editors make no representations or warranties of any kind. This wiki and its editors shall not be liable for any physical, psychological, emotional, financial, or commercial damages, prosecutions, or proceedings instituted against any person or entity as a result of the use of information from this file, or any loss, injury, or damage caused thereby. You claim full responsibility for your own health decisions. This wiki will not be held responsible for your actions. Any information here does not constitute legal, financial, medical, business, or other advice. This wiki should not be used to recommend a path for diagnosing or treating any medical condition. For that, you must consult your physician.}}
{{Template:Surgeries}}
'''Emasculation''' is a surgery to take away the penis ([[penectomy]]) ''and'' testicles ([[orchiectomy]]), without trying to make the genital area like that of a person who was [[AFAB]]. The result is a relatively featureless groin. As such, it is a kind of [[genital nullification]] and [[sterilization]]. In a [[transgender]] context, emasculation is a type of [[bottom surgery]].

Before the invention of surgery to create a vagina ([[vaginoplasty]]), emasculation was the main kind of [[bottom surgery]] done on [[transgender women]] and [[gender-variant identities worldwide]] on the [[transfeminine]] spectrum. Some such individuals still prefer this surgery, such as [[hijra]] and [[eunuch]]s. Emasculation may make it difficult to create a vagina later because that usually uses tissue from the penis. However, someone who seeks emasculation may or may not want to get a vagina.

== See also ==
* [[Practical resources]]
* [[Epicene]]

{{Stub}}

[[Category:Transition]]

English neutral pronouns

2020-08-12T00:39:14Z

2601:901:4300:1CF0:48F3:6F2A:F154:963C: basic grammar fix

{{Side list
|title = Most used neutral pronouns
|content =
# They/them (79.5%)
# Xe/xem (7.2%)
# E/em (5.2%)
# Ze/hir (4.7%)
# It/its (4.4%)
# Fae/faer (4.3%)

Data provided by the 2019 Gender Census.<ref name="Census2018"/>
}}
'''English neutral pronouns''' are an ongoing problem. This is best known not only as a matter of concern when writing documents that need to use inclusive language, but also for any [[nonbinary]] people who prefer not to have their pronouns imply that they are female or male. As shown in surveys, many nonbinary people are okay with being called "he" or "she," but there are also many nonbinary people who don't want to be called either of these. The surveys show that the most popular gender-neutral pronoun for nonbinary people is [[singular they]], but nearly as many prefer or accept some other neutral pronoun. See examples of this in [[Pronouns#Examples_of_specific_nonbinary_people.27s_pronouns|pronouns in use for nonbinary people]].

==History==

In English, people are usually called by a [[pronouns|pronoun]] that implies their gender. For example, [[English neutral pronouns#She|she]] for women, and [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]] for men. The use of [[singular they]] as a gender-neutral pronoun has been documented as standard usage in English throughout the past thousand years. However, prescriptive grammarians in the late eighteenth century decided that it was bad grammar because it works like a plural and because it isn't done in Latin.<ref>Henry Churchyard, "Singular 'Their' in Jane Austen and Elsewhere." [http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html]</ref>

Prescriptive grammarians of the late eighteenth century instead recommended using "he" as a gender-neutral pronoun when one is needed, instead of "singular they."<ref name="bustillos 250">Maria Bustillos, "Our desperate, 250-year-long search for a gender-neutral pronoun." January 6, 2011. [http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun]</ref> However, "gender-neutral he" results in writings that are unclear about whether they mean only men or not, which makes problems in law.<ref>Geoffrey Pullum, "Canada Supreme Court Gets the Grammar Right." ''Language Log.'' August 18. 2004. [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html]</ref>

===Regional nominative pronouns===

There have been some native English dialects that have their own gender-neutral pronouns, such as a, ou, and yo. These are often regional. One curious thing that a, ou, and yo all have in common is that they have only been recorded in their nominative form. It's possible that these three sets of pronouns may not actually have other forms (possessive, reflexive, etc). For this reason, these three sets of native English pronouns are listed separately from the other pronouns on this page that have complete forms. Although it's easy to make up more forms for these pronouns (such as inventing "ouself" [sic]), this is not what linguists have recorded in use.

====A====

'''A''' (nominative form only). "In 1789, William H. Marshall records […] Middle English epicene ‘a’, used by the 14th century English writer John of Trevisa and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of ‘a’ for he, she, it, they, and even I. This ‘a’ is a reduced form of the Anglo-Saxon he = ‘he’ and heo = ‘she’.” Source: Baron, Dennis (1986). Grammar and Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03526-8. as cited by Williams, John (1990s)." <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100418022839/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html "History - Native-English GNPs". Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ.] Retrieved 2007-01-01.</ref> Some living British dialects still use the gender-neutral "a" pronoun.<ref>"Epicene pronouns." ''American Heritage Book of English Usage''. [http://web.archive.org/web/20080630041424/http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html http://web.archive.org/web/20080630041424/http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html]</ref>

====Ou====

'''Ou''' (nominative form only) was first recorded in a native English dialect in the sixteenth century. "In 1789, William H. Marshall records the existence of a dialectal English epicene pronoun, singular ou: '"Ou will" expresses either he will, she will, or it will.' Marshall traces ou to Middle English epicene a, used by the fourteenth-century English writer John of Trevisa, and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of a for he, she, it, they, and even I." In K. A. Cook's short story "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the queer character Moon asks to be called by "ou" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

====Yo====

'''Yo''' (nominative form only). In addition to an interjection and greeting, "yo" is a gender-neutral pronoun in a dialect of African-American Vernacular English spoken by middle school students in Baltimore, Maryland, the student body of which is 97% African-American. These students had spontaneously created the pronoun as early as 2004 and commonly used it. A study by Stotko and Troyer in 2007 examined this pronoun. The speakers used "yo" only for same-age peers, not adults or authorities. They thought of it as a slang word that was informal, but they also thought if it as just as acceptable as "he" or "she". "Yo" was used for people whose gender was unknown, as well as for specific people whose gender was known, often while using a pointing gesture at the person in question. The researchers collected examples of the word in use, such as "yo threw a thumbtack at me," "you acting like I said what yo said," and "she ain't really go with yo." The researchers only collected examples of "yo" used in the nominative form. That is, they found no possessive forms such as "yo's," and no reflexive forms such as "yoself." As such, "yo" pronouns might be used only in nominative form, similar to another native English gender-neutral pronoun, "[[English neutral pronouns#A|a]]." Either that, or these forms exist, and the researchers just didn't collect them.<ref>Rebecca Hersher, "'Yo' said what?" April 24, 2013. ''NPR: Code Switch''. [http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/04/25/178788893/yo-said-what]</ref><ref>Elizabeth J. Elrod, "Give us a gender neutral pronoun, yo!: The need for and creation of a gender neutral, singular, third person, personal pronoun." ''Undergraduate Honors Theses'' paper 200. 2014. http://dc.etsu.edu/honors/200 or http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=honors (PDF)</ref>

===Neopronouns===

'''Neopronoun''' is a category for any English neutral pronouns that are independent from traditional third person English pronouns. In the strictest sense, a neopronoun is a pronoun which is not based on a noun ([[nounself pronouns]]), and is not [[English_neutral_pronouns#He|he/him]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#She|she/her]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#It|it/its]], or [[English_neutral_pronouns#They|they/them]]. <ref>http://www.xojane.com/issues/we-need-more-pronouns</ref>

Seeking a solution to the problem of a lack of a gender-neutral pronoun in English that satisfies all needs, people since the mid-nineteenth century have proposed many new gender-neutral singular pronouns.<ref name="aetherlumina archive history">"History." ''Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ''. https://web.archive.org/web/20050207103316/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html</ref> For example, [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]], [[English neutral pronouns#E|Spivak pronouns]], and others. None of these new words (neologisms) has become standard use or adopted into books of English grammar. However, some sets of these neologistic pronouns have seen a use for real people with [[nonbinary]] gender identities, and for characters in fiction. These neologisms are the main topic explored in the list that follows in this article.

==The list==

This list is of third-person singular pronouns in English. Some are "new" pronouns, and others have been in use for over a hundred years.

Please feel free to add more, though note that if you don't provide citations for [[Talk:English neutral pronouns#Notability|notability]] or include all five forms your entry may be moved to the talk page or be removed entirely. List pronoun sets in alphabetical order by their nominative form, or by the name of the set.

===*e (splat pronouns)===

'''*e, h*, h*s, h*s, h*self''' (this was the exact set used in LambdaMOO).<ref>Klaus Beck, ''Computervermittelte Kommunikation im Internet.'' p. 157.</ref><ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Called "splat pronouns," because the asterisk symbol is also called a "splat," these all use an asterisk to represent ambiguity between "he" and "she."

'''Usage:'''

Some software and Internet resources in the 1990s used them informally as gender-neutral pronouns. The multi-user online environment LambdaMOO offered these "splat" pronouns in addition to "[[English neutral pronouns#E|Spivak]]" pronouns. In 2002, 10 out of 4061 people on LambdaMOO had chosen to use splat pronouns for themselves.<ref name="aetherluminarefs">https://web.archive.org/web/20070310125817/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/references.html</ref> However, splat pronouns didn't make an appearance in the 2015 or 2016 Nonbinary Stats surveys.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''*e'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''h*''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''h*s'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''h*s''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''h*self''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/*e/h*/h*s/h*s/h*self http://pronoun.is/*e/h*/h*s/h*s/h*self

===Alternating pronouns===

'''he, her, his, herself''' (for one of many possible examples). Instead of using an alternative or neutral pronoun set, some people prefer an alternation between different sets. This is also called "rolling pronouns" by some.<ref name="Jakubowski">{{Cite web |title=Too Queer for Your Binary: Everything You Need to Know and More About Non-Binary Identities |last=Jakubowski |first=Kaylee |work=Everyday Feminism |date=4 March 2014 |access-date=7 June 2020 |url= https://everydayfeminism.com/2014/03/too-queer-for-your-binary/ |quote=rolling pronouns (which involves changing the persons pronoun each time that one comes up in a sentence – for example, “She went to the store, and on the way there he ran into an old friend who asked hir how they were doing”) }}</ref> Justice Ginsburg is in favor of alternating "he" and "she" pronouns to make legal documents gender-inclusive.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''her'' a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''her'' I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''he'' does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''he'' lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''. '''or''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

'''Usage:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.<ref name="Census2018">[https://gendercensus.com/post/183832246805/gender-census-2019-the-full-report-worldwide Gender Census 2019 - The Full Report (Worldwide)], April 2019.</ref> Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns, as does author [[Pat Schmatz]].

===Co===

'''co, co, co's (cos), co's, coself'''. Mary Orovan created these in 1970, derived from the Indo-European ''*ko'', as an inclusive alternative to "he or she."<ref name="d baron epicene">Dennis Baron, "The Epicene Pronouns: A chronology of the word that failed." [http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm]</ref><ref name="aetherlumina listing 1">https://web.archive.org/web/20070310125817/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/references.html</ref> In the pages about inclusive pronouns in the book ''Words and Women'', authors Miller and Swift talk about this pronoun's origins, history, and contemporary usage:

<blockquote>"'Humanizing English,' an eight-page pamphlet first published in 1970, included [Mary] Orovan's proposed common gender pronoun ''co,'' which is now being used in everyday speech and writing by members of several alternative-life-style communities. Twin Oaks Community, a group of some sixty adults and children living in Louisa, Virginia, adopted Orovan's nonsexist grammatical form in 1972. The pronoun has since spread to other communities in Virginia and Missouri, is used in a book on radical therapy published in 1973 by Harper & Row, and it routinely replaces 'he or she' or 'he/she' in the magazine ''Communities,''' which is addressed to cooperative-living groups across the country. Orovan derived ''co'' from the Indo-European root form ''ko,'' the common ancestor of both the masculine and feminine English pronouns. Co, with its suggestion of 'together,' is not used to replace either the masculine or feminine pronoun when applied to a specific individual, but only as an alternative to the unisex generic ''he.'' Twin Oaks' newsletter ''Leaves,'' for example, comments in an article on communal work undertaken by members, 'Vacations are indeed a burden for the remaining members, but everyone takes cos turn at carrying the burden.'"<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Pages 129-130.</ref></blockquote>

Today, "Co" is still used in some intentional communities, such as in the legal policies of Twin Oaks in Virginia, which provides information on the pronoun in its [http://www.twinoaks.org/community/visit/guide.html visitor guide] web page.

'''Use by nonbinary people:'''
In the 2018 Gender Census, only one respondent entered ''co/co/cos/cos/coself'' as cos favourite pronoun.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''co'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''co''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''co's'' hair grows long. (Or ''cos'' hair grows.)
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''co's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''coself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/co/co/co's/co's/coself http://pronoun.is/co/co/co's/co's/coself]

===E===

There are several very similar sets of pronouns with the nominative form of "E," which have been independently proposed or revived over the last hundred years.<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310130020/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html ''4.2.5. Comprehensive Listing of Neologisms'', March 10 2007]</ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> The oldest of these is

====E (Spivak pronouns)====
'''E, Em, Eir, Eirs, Emself'''. These are sometimes called spivak pronouns. In 1990, Michael Spivak used them in his manual, ''The Joy of TeX,'' so that no person in his examples had a specified gender. These pronouns became well-known on the Internet because they were built into a popular multi-user chat, LambdaMOO, in 1991. Many users enjoyed choosing pronouns that didn't specify their gender. The pronouns then became a common feature of other multi-user chats made throughout the 1990s. Although many other variations have been attributed to Michael Spivak, this is the actual set Spivak used in ''The Joy of TeX'' in 1990 or 1991. Note that he always capitalized all forms of it, but not all users of these pronouns do so. <ref name="aetherluminarefs">https://web.archive.org/web/20070310125817/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/references.html</ref> Spivak doesn't indicate whether he created these pronouns, or adopted or adapted them from somewhere else. Spivak is credited with having created these pronouns, although his book doesn't outright say that they're of his own creation. (Compare Elverson's [[English neutral pronouns#Ey|ey]] pronouns, which are very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.)

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* When a programmer added this pronoun set to LambdaMOO in 1991, he used the same spelling as Spivak, but not capitalized.<ref>V.Dentata, "MOO Bash FAQ." 1999. http://www.amanita.net/bashfaq.html </ref> Regarding LambdaMOO, John Costello wrote, "I know the wizard who originally included the spivak pronouns on the MOO. He says he did it just on a whim after having read ''the Joy of TeX'' — he never thought they'd acquire the sexual and political nimbus they have over the years."<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref> LambdaMOO's "help spivak" command explains that these pronouns "were developed by mathematician Michael Spivak for use in his books."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' 2004. P. 33.</ref> Programmer Roger "Rog" Crew tested the LambdaMOO system by putting more pronoun options into it in May 1991, including Spivak's set he remembered from ''The Joy of TeX.'' Crew didn't delete the pronouns after testing them, and later expressed "dismay" that the spivak pronouns became popular.<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 34.</ref><ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* Spivak pronouns became such a part of 1990s Internet culture that a handbook to that culture, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing'' (2003), uses spivak pronouns whenever speaking of a hypothetical person whose gender need not be specified.<ref>Elizabeth Hess, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing: Getting the Most from Virtual Communities on the Internet.'' 2003. p. 3, p. 283.</ref>
* In Internet environments, spivak was categorized not only as a set of pronouns but as a gender identity, which Thomas describes: "The spivak gender [...] is more representative of an emotional and intellectual state than of a physical configuration. It should be pointed out at the start that the sexuality available to a spivak is a bonus of online life, but it isn't the raison d'etre. Rather, it's a subtle notion of a gender-free condition. It's not androgynous. It's not unisexual. It's simply ambiguous."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 31-32.</ref> Some self-described spivaks use spivak as a proper noun for their non-binary gender identity.

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Steven Shaviro's theoretical fiction novel ''[http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ Doom Patrols]'' (1995-1997) uses spivak pronouns at times.<ref>Steven Shaviro, "Preface." ''Doom Patrols.'' [http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html]</ref>
* The English translation of Sayuri Ueda's science fiction novel ''The Cage of Zeus'' (2011) uses spivak pronouns for genetically engineered characters with non-dyadic bodies and non-binary gender.<ref>Sayuri Ueda, ''The Cage of Zeus.'' 2011.</ref>
* In Orion's Arm (a fictional 12th millennium AD setting, as non-specific pronouns for sophonts of any gender, including AIs and aliens.<ref>http://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/495360fba7a46</ref>

'''Use for real non-binary people:'''
* In 1996, 74 out of 7064 users on LambdaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making it the second most popular nonbinary pronoun there.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref> In 2002, 108 out of 4061 users on LambdaMOO used spivak pronouns, making it the most popular neologistic pronoun set there.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>
* In 1996, 10 out of 1015 users on MediaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making these the second most popular nonbinary pronoun.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* The comic artist [[Maia Kobabe]] and the author [[Bogi Takács|Bogi "prezzey" Takács]] go by spivak pronouns.<ref>[https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Bogi Takács' biography on Smashwords], captured March 2016.</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 5.2% of participants were happy for people to use Spivak pronouns when referring to them.<ref name=Census2018></ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''E'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''Em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''Eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''Eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''Emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/e http://pronoun.is/e]

====E (es)====
'''e, em, es (e's), (e's), (not recorded)'''. Created in 1890 by James Rogers of Crestview, Florida.<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene" /> In about 1977, version where all forms starts with capital letters was independently "created by psychologist Donald G. MacKay of the University of California at Los Angeles."<ref name="d baron epicene" /> In 1989, independently created by Victor J. Stone, Professor of Law.<ref name="d baron epicene" />

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''e'' (or ''E'') laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''es'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' (not recorded)
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''.<ref>THE LAW: For the Record; E Has a Modest Proposal on Ungendered Personal Pronouns. (1989, August 25). New York Times. Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.lsproxy.austincc.edu/apps/doc/A175745500/OVIC?u=txshracd2487&sid=OVIC&xid=0ae5e2ed</ref>

===Ey (Elverson pronouns)===

'''ey, em, eir, eirs, emself'''. (Compare the spivak pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#E|E]], which is very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.) Called the Elverson pronouns, these were "created by Christine M. Elverson of Skokie, Illinois, to win a contest in 1975. (Black, Judie, ‘Ey has a word for it’, 1975-08-23.). Promoted as preferable to other major contenders (sie, zie and singular ‘they’) by John Williams's Gender-neutral Pronoun FAQ (2004)."<ref>http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_protologisms_by_topic/third_person_singular_gender_neutral_pronouns#cite_note-1</ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* The Elverson pronouns were used by Eric Klein in the ''Laws of Oceania'', 1993, to be gender-inclusive in a nonfictional micronation. Sometimes this pronoun set is mistakenly called "[[English neutral pronouns#E|spivak pronouns]]," which differ only in the nominative form.
* In the 2019 Gender Census, about 0.1% of participants were happy for people to use Elverson pronouns when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* CJ Carter's science fiction novel, ''Que Será Serees'' (2011) is about a species of people with a single-gender, who are all called by Elverson's "ey" pronouns. Carter encourages other authors to use these gender-neutral pronouns.<ref>CJ Carter, "Genderless singular pronouns." [http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/ http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/]</ref><ref>"Que Será Serees". ''CJ's Creative Studio''. [http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/ http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/]</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Misstery Man," the self-described non-binary character Darcy asks to be called by "ey and eir" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Misstery Man." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ey'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ey http://pronoun.is/ey]

===Fae===

'''fae, faer, faer, faers, faerself'''. A fairy (faery, faerie, fey or Fair Folk) themed set created by Ciel (Tumblr user shadaras) in 2014 (or earlier?)<ref>http://quasiboi.co.vu/post/74445593229/list-of-pronouns</ref> It may also have been independently coined earlier by someone else. This is the most commonly used [[nounself pronouns|nounself pronoun]] set, and it may have been created earlier than them. It may have been what inspired many people to create nounself pronouns in 2014. A similar fairy-themed set is '''fey, fey, feys, feys, feyself''', which was recorded in 2014,<ref name="askanonbinary general">[http://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Ask A Nonbinary's list of unthemed pronouns], captured March 2016</ref> of unknown origin. Additionally, as coined by Lake in 2020 (discord user lake.sato#6026) '''fey, feyr, feyrself'''. Further evidence shows use of fey, feyr, feyrself in 2018 by Kallifrey (discord user 物の哀れ#1760).

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.3% of participants were happy for people to use ''fae'' pronouns when referring to them<ref name="Census2018"/>. "Fae" was the only nounself pronoun with a comparable level of popularity in that survey.

Forms:

*'''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''fae'' laughs.
*'''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''faer''.
*'''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''faer'' hair grows long.
*'''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''fae'' lets me borrow ''faers''.
*'''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''faerself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself]

===Female pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#She|She]]''.

===He===

'''he, him, his, his, himself'''. Often called male pronouns, grammarians acknowledge that this standard set of pronouns can also be used as gender-neutral or gender-inclusive pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. In the eighteenth century, when prescriptive grammarians decided that "singular they" was no longer acceptable as a gender-neutral pronoun, they instead recommended, "gender-neutral he." "Prescriptive grammarians have been calling for 'he' as the gender-neutral pronoun of choice since at least 1745, when a British schoolmistress named Anne Fisher laid down the law in ''A New Grammar''."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> The use of "gender-neutral he" can make problems in how laws are interpreted, because it's unclear whether it is meant to be gender-inclusive or male-only. For example, in 1927, "the Canadian Supreme Court ruled that women were not persons because its statutes referred to 'persons' with male pronouns."<ref>"Pronoun perspectives." ''Gender neutral pronoun blog.'' [https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/ https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/]</ref><ref>Geoffrey Pullum, "Canada Supreme Court Gets the Grammar Right." ''Language Log.'' August 18. 2004. [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html]</ref> In the USA in the nineteenth century, suffragists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for laws to stop using the "gender-neutral he," because there were cases where this pronoun had been arbitrarily interpreted as a "male he" in order to exclude women from legal protections, or from the right to a license that they had passed exams for. This abuse of legal language happened even in if the documents explicitly said that "he" was meant to include women.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> Thanks to the work in the 1970s by feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift, "gender-neutral he" has been significantly phased out of use, replaced by the more inclusive [[English neutral pronouns#He or she|he or she]].<ref>Elizabeth Isele, "Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women Who Dared To Disturb the Lexicon." ''Women in Literature and Life Assembly,'' Vol. 3, Fall 1994. [http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html]</ref>

'''Use for real non-binary people:''' There are non-binary people who ask to be called by "he" pronouns, such as comedian [[Nonbinary celebrities#Eddie Izzard|Eddie Izzard]], writer [[Nonbinary celebrities#Richard O'Brien|Richard O'Brien]], autobiographer [[Jennie June]], and guitarist [[Nonbinary celebrities#Pete Townshend|Pete Townshend]].

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/he http://pronoun.is/he]

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census survey, 30.8% of participants were happy for people to use ''he'' pronouns when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018></ref>

===He or she===

''See also: [[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]''

'''he or she, him or her, his or her, his or hers, himself or herself'''. These are very commonly used as gender-neutral pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. Although grammatically acceptable, and a step more inclusive than only using "he" in these contexts, its length soon makes it cumbersome.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050205052157/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html</ref> It almost always puts the "male" pronoun before the "female" pronoun, which is a little less than equality. (Similar efforts at inclusive language almost always end up with this same male-first ordering: "the habit of always saying 'male and female,' 'husbands and wives,' 'men and women' revealed an unquestioned priority," as pointed out by Casey Miller and Kate Swift in ''Words and Women'' (1976),<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page x.</ref> a book on sexism in language and feminist efforts for inclusive language.) "He or she" also gives the impression of including binary genders, while excluding the possibility of other genders.

'''Use by nonbinary people:''' Interestingly enough, although "he or she" may be the most popularly used inclusive pronoun set (along with "they"), and therefore may seem an obvious choice for nonbinary people, this set doesn't seem to be popularly used by nonbinary people. However, this may be an artifact of the way the surveys were taken. The 2018 Gender Census found 13.8% of the respondents asked people to "mix up" their pronouns ([[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]).<ref name="Census2018"/> A 2012 survey found 20 respondents who wished to be called both "he" and "she."<ref>anlamasanda,
"Results of pronoun survey." January 1, 2012. http://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246</ref> It may be the case that people who prefer to be called "he or she" simply entered their preference into the surveys in a slightly different format. It may also be the case that it's virtually unheard-of for nonbinary people to feel that "he or she" represents them. Either way, its absence in these surveys is intriguing and may need to be addressed more specifically in future surveys.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he or she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him or her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his or her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his or hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself or herself''.

===It===

'''it, it, its, its, itself'''. This standard English set of genderless pronouns is used for inanimate objects, animals, and human infants. During Dickens’ time, these were also acceptable pronouns for older human children and spirits of the dead, as these permutations of humanity were seen as not really male or female. This pronoun is not male or female. Using it for an adult human is often seen as an insult, dehumanizing. While considered offensive by most, some nonbinary people use "it" as a means of reclamation and to challenge the idea that genderlessness is inherently dehumanizing.

Because "it" pronouns are the default on LamdaMOO and on similar multi-user environments, they tend to be common there, but less common than "he" or "she." In 1996, "it" pronouns were the most popular non-binary pronoun choice on LambdaMOO (1162 out of 7065 player characters) and MediaMOO (280 out of 1015 player characters).<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.4% of the participants were happy for people to use ''it'' pronouns when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''it'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''it''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''its'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''its''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''itself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/it http://pronoun.is/it]

===Male pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]''.

===Name===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns]] or [[nounself pronouns]]''.

===Ne===

Several sets of pronouns use "ne" in the nominative form. One set of "ne" pronouns is one of the oldest sets of neo-pronouns, but not all its forms were recorded: '''ne, nim, nis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created around 1850,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> and appeared in print in 1884.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> Some of the better-attested sets of "ne" pronouns, in alphabetical order:

====Ne (nem)====
'''ne, nem, nir, nirs, nemself'''. In ''[http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com Spectra]'', a science fiction comic by Cori Walters, characters with nonbinary genders are called by these pronouns. Walters uses this pronoun for one of the three gender roles in a species that has only one sex, and all people voluntarily choose their gender roles. The comic started in 2013 and is still in progress.<ref>''Spectra.'' [http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com/]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''nem''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

In the 2019 Gender Census, 27 participants (0.2%) entered the set of pronouns ''ne/nem/nir/nirs/nemself''.<ref name="Census2018"/>

====Ne (ner)====
'''ne, ner, nis, nis, nemself'''. In a 1974 issue of ''Today's Education,'' "Mildred Fenner attributes this to Fred Wilhelms."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref><ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> Veterinarian Al Lippart independently proposed the same set of pronouns in 1999, recommending them for use when it would be inappropriate to specify the gender of a human, animal, or deity.<ref>Al Lippart, "Introducing the New Neutral Third Person Singular Personal Pronoun." 1999. ''Introducing... Ne.'' [http://www.lippart.com/ne.html http://www.lippart.com/ne.html] </ref> Lawyer Roberta Morris also independently proposed this same set of pronouns in 2009, saying that these pronouns would be more efficient for within the 140 character limit of Twitter than "he or she." Morris also pointed out that the "n" can refer to "neuter."<ref>Roberta Morris, "The need for a neuter pronoun: A solution." September 29, 2009. [http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ner''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

===No pronouns===

Many nonbinary people prefer not to be referred to by pronouns of any kind; see below for statistics. This can be because they have learned that any set of pronouns can potentially feel uncomfortable for them ([[gender dysphoria]]). In fiction and other writing, avoiding the use of any pronouns for a person can be used to avoid giving any sign of that person's gender. Instead of using pronouns, a person can be referred to by their name, a word that describes them, or the sentence can be rephrased.

While the grammatical labels on the sample sentences below are no longer correct, the sentences can be adjusted to exclude pronouns while still talking about a specific person.

* '''Nominative:''' ''(Demonstrative + noun replaces pronoun)'' When I tell someone a joke, that person laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' ''(Eliminated second reference to the person)'' I greet my friend with a hug.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' ''(Replaced with an "it" that technically has no antecedent but clearly refers to the possessed thing)'' When someone does not get a haircut, it grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' ''(Possessive eliminated)'' If my mobile phone runs out of power, my friend lends me another.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''(Reflexive emphasizing independence replaced with adverb)'' Each child gets food independently.

Using names or descriptions without changing the sentence structure:

* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''Taylor'' a joke ''Taylor'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''Ash'' I hug ''Ash''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''the kid'' does not get a haircut, ''the kid's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''the friend's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''Morgan'' feeds ''Morgan''.

Other noteworthy techniques for removing third-person pronouns from a sentence include:

*'''Passive voice:''' "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When ''he'' finishes, we'll go for a walk" becomes "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When it's done, we'll go for a walk." Here "it" refers to the kitchen or maybe the task of mopping, and we use the passive voice because there's no need to repeat who's doing it.
*'''Second person:''' Instead of talking about someone in the third person, why not talk to them instead? Say you're talking to Kevin and Elisa, who prefers no third-person pronouns, is in the room. You could tell Kevin, "I'd love to go with you for coffee, but Elisa's already claimed me for the evening," but if you do that and want to start expanding on what Elisa's up to, you might be tempted to use third-person pronouns. Instead, you could shift to Elisa and say "but ''you've'' got me booked for the evening," and then Elisa could tell about the plans without being spoken for.
*'''Substitute an article for a possessive pronoun:''' "Morgan couldn't find his coat" becomes "Morgan couldn't find the coat." "Ash broke her toe" becomes "Ash broke a toe."
*'''Other ways to rephrase.''' "The alien slithered closer, and its eyes glowed" becomes "The alien slithered closer, eyes glowing."

'''In use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2018 Gender Census, 10.1% of participants were happy for people to avoid using pronouns when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

===One===

'''one, one, ones, one’s, oneself'''. This is a standard English set of pronouns used for a hypothetical person whose gender is not specified.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''one'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''one''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''one's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''one's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''oneself''.

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, only 8 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''one'' when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

===Per===

'''per (person), per, per, pers, perself'''. Called "person pronouns," these are meant to be used for a person of any gender. Compare Phelps's [[English neutral pronouns#Phe|phe]] pronouns, which are also based on the word "person." John Clark created "per" pronouns in a 1972 issue of the ''Newsletter of the American Anthropological Association''.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' Person pronouns were one of the sets of pronouns built into MediaMOO for users to choose from.<ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Richard Ekins and Dave King used these pronouns in the book ''The Transgender Phenomenon'' (2006).<ref>Richard Ekins and Dave King. ''The Transgender Phenomenon.'' Sage Publications, 2006.</ref> Activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] uses these pronouns for perself.

'''Use in fiction:''' In Marge Piercy's feminist novel, ''Woman on the Edge of Time,'' 1976, Piercy used "per" pronouns for all citizens of a utopian future in which gender was no longer seen as a big difference between people.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''per'' laughs. (Or ''person'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''per''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''per'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''pers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''.

'''Usage:''' Despite its apparently extensive use in literature, in the 2019 Gender Census, only 6 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''per'' when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/per http://pronoun.is/per]

===Phe===

'''phe, per, pers, pers, perself'''. The phe/per pronoun set was created as an alternative to per/per, since ''per'' is already a word in English (meaning ''according to'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glasswings.com.au/Storytronics/Odysseus/notes/pronouns.htm|title=Gender Free Pronouns|last=Phelps|first=Katherine|date=May 1998|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''phe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''per''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''pers'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''pers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''.

'''Usage:''' In the 2019 Gender Census, no participants chose "phe/per" as an option.<ref name="Census2018"/>

===She===

'''she, her, her, hers, herself'''. Often called female pronouns, although, in standard usage, they're not used exclusively for women. Grammarians agree that it is standard and acceptable for this set to be used for women, female animals, and ships. The set is also poetically used for countries and fields of studies, which grammarians also see as acceptable. Some feminists recommend replacing "gender-neutral he" with "gender-neutral she." "In 1970, Dana Densmore’s article “Speech is the Form of Thought” appeared in No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation; Densmore is evidently the first U.S. advocate of 'she' as a gender-neutral pronoun, a solution many writers, particularly academic writers, favor today."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> 1974, Gena Corea recommended replacing the "gender-neutral he" with a "gender-neutral she," and like Denmore, argued that the word "she" would be understood to include the word "he."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use as a gender-neutral pronoun in fiction:'''
* Anne Leckie's science fiction novels ''Ancillary Justice'' (2013) and ''Ancillary Sword'' (2014) were set in a futuristic society that is indifferent to gender, so all the characters are called by gender-neutral "she" pronouns, leaving their actual gender and sex undisclosed. Leckie says she had an assumption at the time that gender is binary, so these are likely not non-binary characters.<ref>Geek's Guide to the Galaxy, "Sci-fi's hottest new writer won't tell you the sex of her characters." October 11, 2014. ''Wired.'' [http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/ http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/]</ref>
* Cartoonist [[Rebecca Sugar]] [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar explained] that in her animated science fiction series, ''Steven Universe,'' the alien people called Gems really have no sex or gender, even though they all look like women. For this reason, the Gems are only arbitrarily called by "she" pronouns. Sugar said, "Technically, there are no female Gems! There are only Gems! [...] Why not look like human females? That's just what Gems happen to look like! [...] There's a 50 50 chance to use some pronoun on Earth, so why not feminine ones-- it's as convenient as it is arbitrary!"<ref>Rebecca Sugar. ''Reddit.'' [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar]</ref> This is a gender-neutral use of "she" pronouns.

'''Use for real non-binary people:''' There are non-binary gender people who ask people to use "she" pronouns for them, such as singer-songwriter [[Nonbinary celebrities#Elly Jackson|Elly Jackson]]{{citation needed}}, musician [[JD Samson]], author and public speaker [[Olave Basabose]], actor [[Cara Delevingne]], and rapper [[Angel Haze]].

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''.

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2018 Gender Census, 29% of participants were happy for people to use ''she'' pronouns when referring to them.<ref name="Census2018"></ref>

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/she http://pronoun.is/she]

===S/he===

'''s/he (sHe), hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. A set of English gender-neutral pronouns used in books by Timothy Leary in the 1970s, and then by counterculture writers influenced by Leary. For example, in Robert Anton Wilson's book ''Prometheus Rising'' (first published in 1983), which is strongly based on Leary's writings about consciousness, Wilson uses SHe [sic] pronouns to include humans of any kind, as short for "she or he."<ref>Robert Anton Wilson, ''Prometheus Rising.'' Second edition. Grand Junction, Colorado: Hilaritas Press, 2016. Page 55.</ref> It was used in non-fiction writings about spirituality by the Elf Queen's Daughters and the Silver Elves from the 1970s to the present 2010s. It was also used in fiction in Peter David's ''Star Trek'' books. Sometimes with mixed caps, as shown. This pronoun was not entered in the 2018 Gender Census.<ref name="Census2018"/> However, notable nonbinary people who have asked to be called by s/he pronouns include revolutionary communist [[Leslie Feinberg]]. In hir book ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue,'' Feinberg wrote,

<blockquote>"I asked Beacon Press to use ''s/he'' [sic] in the author description of me on the cover of ''Transgender Warriors'' [another book by Feinberg]. That pronoun is a contribution from the women's liberation movement. Prior to that struggle, the pronoun 'he' was almost universally used to describe humankind-- 'mankind.' So ''s/he''' opened up the pronoun to include 'womankind.' I used ''s/he'' on my book jacket because it is recognizable as a gender-neutral pronoun to people. But I personally prefer the pronoun ''ze'' because, for me, it melds mankind and womankind into humankind."<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue.'' Page 71.</ref></blockquote>

At different times, Feinberg has asked to go by "s/he," "ze," or "she" pronouns depending on hir needs and the message meant to send. As quoted in hir obituary, Feinberg had said, "I care which pronoun is used, but people have been disrespectful to me with the wrong pronoun and respectful with the right one. It matters whether someone is using the pronoun as a bigot, or if they are trying to demonstrate respect."<ref>Minnie Bruce Pratt, "Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died." ''Advocate.'' November 17, 2014. [http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died]</ref>. Another notable nonbinary person, singer-songwriter [[Nonbinary celebrities#Genesis Breyer P-orridge|Genesis Breyer P-orridge]] asks to be referred to by a significantly different version of the s/he pronouns: '''s/he, h/er, h/er, h/ers, h/erself'''.<ref>"Genesis Breyer P-orridge." [http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html]</ref> This version of the s/he pronouns seems to be less widely known, but there are many different versions of them in use.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''s/he'' laughs. (Or ''sHe'' laughs. Or ''s/He'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

===They===

See main article: [[singular they]].

===Thon===

'''thon, thon, thons, thon's, thonself'''. American composer Charles Crozat Converse of Erie, Pennsylvania proposed this pronoun in 1858, based on a contraction of "that one."<ref name="barge viewpoints">Fred Barge, "Viewpoints from involvement -- 'thon'". ''Dynamic Chiropractic.'' August 14, 1992. [http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422 http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422]</ref> The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ gives this pronoun's date of origin as 1884 instead,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> while ''Words and Women'' gives 1859.<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page 130.</ref> The "thon" pronoun was included in some dictionaries: Webster's International Dictionary (1910), and Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1913), and Webster's Second International (1959). Funk & Wagnalls offered these sentences to show how it should be used: "If Harry or his wife comes, I will be on hand to greet thon," and "Each pupil must learn thon's lesson." "Thon" was used throughout the writings by the founders of chiropractic, B.J. and D.D. Palmer, in 1910.<ref name="barge viewpoints"></ref> "Thon" is therefore familiar to chiropractors, and sometimes still appears in chiropractic writings, and in works by people who were influenced by that field.

'''In use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 18 (0.2%) people said that they were happy for people to use ''thon'' to refer to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''thon'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''thon''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''thons'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''thon's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''thonself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [ http://pronoun.is/thon ]

===Ve===

There are several sets of pronouns that use "ve" in the nominative form, the earliest of which was created in 1970.<ref>http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFGIFEB19700501.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1# (page 2)</ref> In the 2019 Gender Census, 24 participants (0.2%) used a set of pronouns starting with ''ve''.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''ve, ver, vis, vis, verself''' is the exact set used by Egan, Hulme, and Reynolds (see below). The set's date of creation and creator are not yet known to the editors of this wiki. A nearly-identical but incompletely recorded set was '''ve, vir, vis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created in 1970, and published in the May issue of ''Everywoman.''<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* In Keri Hulme's mystery novel ''The Bone People'' (1984), a character is called by these ve pronouns.<ref>Outis, "Gender-neutral characters and pronouns." November 20, 2013. [https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns]</ref>
* Used by Greg Egan for non-binary gender characters-- including artificial intelligence, as well as transgender humans who identify as a specific nonbinary gender they call "asex"-- in his novels ''Distress'' (1995) and ''Diaspora'' (1998).<ref>John McIntosh, "ve, vis, ver." [http://www.urticator.net/essay/0/30.html]</ref> Egan is sometimes credited with having created these pronouns, but it doesn't appear that he claims to have done so.
* In Alastair Reynolds's science fiction novel ''On the Steel Breeze'' (2013) one character is called by these ve pronouns. The novel never gives any exposition about this character's sex, gender, or pronouns, and vis gender-neutrality doesn't influence the plot. The lack of remark gives the impression that a nonbinary gender is unremarkable, but this is also why some readers thought the pronouns were a misprint.<ref>Outis, "Gender-neutral characters and pronouns." November 20, 2013. [https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ve'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ver''. (Or: "I hug ''vir''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''vis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''vis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''verself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ve http://pronoun.is/ve]

===Xe===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]]," "ze," "[[English neutral pronouns#Zhe|zhe]]," or "[[English neutral pronouns#Zie|zie]]" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> In alphabetical order, versions of this pronoun set include:

====Xe, hir====

'''xe, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]], hir..." set, which is apparently used in more literature and by more people. The "xe" version was "Used on alt.support.intergendered and alt.support.crossdressing," transgender communities on the Internet in the 1990s.<ref>"GNP FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

====Xe, xir====

'''xe, xir, xir, xirs, xirself'''. This pronoun set saw some use on the Internet at least as early as 1998.<ref>Benton, "ADOM and sex." rec.games.roguelike.adom (newsgroup). May 18, 1998. [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xirself''.

====Xe, xyr (xem)====

'''xe, xyr (xem), xyr, xyrs, xyrself (xemself)'''. This pronoun set makes its earliest known appearance in 1993 in a conversation in an autism mailing list on the Internet.<ref>Jim Sinclair, "Re: Jim and Steve's snoring discussion." September 14, 1993. bit.listserv.autism, Usenet. [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ]</ref><ref>"Xe." ''Wiktionary.'' [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe]</ref> The "xem" version of this pronoun set appears in a printed discussion from the mailing list of Autism Network International in 2000, with the explanation that it "was originally used to refer to an intersexed person, but is also used to refer to a person of any gender."<ref>J. Blackburn, K. Gottschewski, Elsa George, and Niki L. "A discussion about Theory of Mind: From an Autistic Perspective," Proceedings of ''Autism Europe's 6th International Congress'', Glasgow 19-21 May 2000, in print. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html]</ref> This pronoun set was recommended in 2005 by Jonathan de Boyne Pollard, with the version that includes "xem," and both "xyrself" and "xemself."<ref>Jonathan de Boyne Pollard. "'Xe', 'xem', and 'xyr' are sex-neutral pronouns and adjectives." 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html]</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 7.2% of people said they'd be happy for people to use ''xe/xem/xyr/xyrs/xemself'' to refer to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xem''. (Or hug ''xyr''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xyr'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xyrs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xyrself''. (Or feeds ''xemself''.)

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/xe http://pronoun.is/xe]

===Ze===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "xe," "ze," "zhe," or "zie" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> "Ze, hir" is the best-attested of the "ze" pronoun sets; see the Talk page for other sets with this nominative form.

====Ze, hir====

'''ze, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]], hir..." set, which is the version less attested by print sources. [[Sarah Dopp]] wrote a blog post about the "ze" version in 2006.<ref>Sarah Dopp, "How transgender folk are fixing an age-old literary problem." August 13, 2006. [http://www.sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/ http://www.sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/]</ref> Leslie Feinberg also used the "ze" version in the book ''Drag King Dreams'' (2006),<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Drag King Dreams.'' New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.</ref> Erika Lopez used the "ze" version in ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir'' (2010).<ref>Erika Lopez, ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir.'' Hicken, Jeffrey, San Francisco: Monster Girl Media, 2010.</ref> M. J. Locke used the "ze" version in the book ''Up Against It'' (2011).<ref>M. J. Locke, ''up Against It.'' New York: Tor, 2011.</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Kameron Hurley used these pronouns in the fantasy novels ''The Mirror Empire'' and ''Empire Ascendant,'' for characters who are ''ataisa,'' an in-between gender role where their culture puts everyone who has a nonbinary gender.<ref>Kameron Hurley, "Beyond He-Man and She-Ra: Writing nonbinary characters." [https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/ https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/]</ref>
* In Seth Dickinson's short science fiction story, "[http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation]" (2014), a transhuman character of "uncertain ... sex" is called by the pronoun "ze," which only appears in the nominative form.<ref>Seth Dickinson, "Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation." ''Beneath Ceaseless Skies,'' issue 143. March 20, 2014. [http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/]</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' when the narrator Ben recognizes that Chris identifies as nonbinary, Ben begins using "ze, hir" pronouns for Chris, before finding a good moment to ask for Chris's actual pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> In another story by K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the character Pat goes by "ze, hir" pronouns, and uses them for other characters before finding out each of their own pronoun preferences.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Use for real non-binary people:'''
* [[Kate Bornstein]] used them in the books ''Nearly Roadkill'' (1996) (with Caitlin Sullivan June)<ref>Caitlin Sullivan June and Kate Bornstein. ''Nearly Roadkill: An Infobahn erotic adventure.'' New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996, p. 10.</ref>, and ''My Gender Workbook'' (1998) in reference to hirself, and to other specific transgender people, as well as hypothetical persons of unspecified gender.<ref>Kate Bornstein, ''My Gender Workbook.'' 1st ed. 1998, p. 106-107, 119, 130-131, 154, 248.</ref>
* Kate Bornstein goes by these "ze, hir" pronouns. [[Leslie Feinberg]] asked to be called by "ze, hir" pronouns, along with "zie, hir" and "she."<ref>Minnie Bruce Pratt, "Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died." ''Advocate.'' November 17, 2014. [http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died]</ref> In a magazine interview from 2014, Gabriel Antonio and another anonymous person both asked to be called by these pronouns.<ref>Al Donato, "He And She, Ze And Xe: The Case For Gender-Neutral Pronouns." ''The Plaid Zebra.'' [http://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/ http://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/]</ref>
*Writer [[Sassafras Lowrey]] uses ze/hir pronouns.<ref name="Lowrey2017">{{Cite web |title=A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |work=HuffPost |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a }}</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.7% of participants said they would be happy for people to use ''"ze/hir/hir/hirs/hirself"'' to refer to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ze'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ze http://pronoun.is/ze]

===Zey===

'''zey/zem/zeir''' is a pronoun set following the pattern of ''they/them/theirs'', but with the letter Z in place of TH.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://quickbooks.intuit.com/learn-support/en-us/employees-and-payroll/new-employee-set-up-for-getting-his-paystub-emailed/00/283925|author=dolphinnetwork|date=December 27, 2019|title=Comment on "New employee set up for getting his paystub emailed"|quote=I personally think it's time for English to have a singular non-gendered pronoun, and suggest contracts and manuals use "Zey/Zem/Zeir" (Zey will need to sign up to receive paystubs zeirself, but if no email was sent to zem automatically the payroll accountant can send it to zem.)}}</ref><ref>[https://www.reddit.com/user/Earl_The_Red/ Reddit profile of u/Earl_The_Red showing use of zey/zem/zeir pronouns]</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
*Writer and advocate [[Chris Paige]] uses zey/zem/zeir in addition to they/them/their. The "zey" pronoun set was suggested by zeir daughter to avoid singular/plural confusion.<ref name="BibleBash">{{Cite web |title=Enuchs and Jesus and Pronouns, Oh My! Mx Chris Paige -- Matthew 19 |author1=Hooper, Liam |author2=Toscano, Peterson |work=The Bible Bash Podcast |date=September 28, 2019 |access-date=July 14, 2020 |url= https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/climate-stew/e/64218290}}</ref>

===Zie===

'''zie, zir (zim), zir, zirs, zirself'''. (Compare the most similar pronoun set, "ze, zir", and other similar pronouns, "xe" and "zhe".) The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ says this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") was widely used on the Internet at the time but doesn't know when it was created.<ref>"GNP FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref> Andrés Pérez-Bergquist recommended a version of this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zim") in 2000, but claims not to have created it.<ref>Andrés Pérez-Bergquist, "Gender-neutral pronouns: The value of zie." 2000. [http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html]</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* This set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") is in the fantasy setting of Bard Bloom's ''World Tree'', for the many characters with sexes other than female or male. Many species in this setting have such sexes, including the protagonist of a book in that setting, [http://www.amazon.com/Sythyrys-Journal-Chronicle-Transaffection-Adventure/dp/1451562934 Sythyry's Journal], which was first serialized as a blog starting in 2002. The setting also has a role-playing game handbook, ''World Tree: A roleplaying game of species and civilization'' (2001).

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 11 people (around 0.1%) said they'd be happy for people to use ''zie/zir'' (or some similar spelling) to refer to them.<ref name="Census2018"/>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''zie'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''zir''. (Or hug ''zim''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''zir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''zirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''zirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/zie http://pronoun.is/zie]

==See also==
{{Tumblr post|https://nonbinarywiki.tumblr.com/post/189725910560/pronouns-dont-equal-gender}}
* [[Pronouns]]
* [[Gender neutral language in English]]
* [[Glossary of English gender and sex terminology]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

Recognition (USA)

2020-08-12T00:28:25Z

2601:901:4300:1CF0:48F3:6F2A:F154:963C: basic grammar fix

{{incomplete}}
{{Outdated Information}}
It is estimated that there are over 450,000 [[nonbinary]] individuals in the United States of America.<ref name="Hendrick">{{Cite web |title=“M,” “F,” Or “X”? Nonbinary Gender Designations In The Workplace |author=Hendrick et al. |work=Fisher Phillips |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=19 June 2020 |url= https://www.fisherphillips.com/resources-newsletters-article-m-f-or-x-nonbinary-gender-designations}}</ref> This article gives information on [[recognition]] of nonbinary gender identities in law, government, services, and businesses in the USA. This also deals with policies about [[transgender]] people in general, and related policies about [[intersex]] people. Recognition here means whether an organization acknowledges that such people exist and have valid identities, and the organization does this by routinely giving them a place where they aren't forced into being wrongly categorized as a [[gender]] that doesn't match their [[gender identity]]. In the case of recognition of nonbinary people, this means the system doesn't force them to wrongly say they are one of the [[binary gender]]s ([[female]] or [[male]]).

==How to use==
When adding to the tables, please note all sections are in alphabetical order, as are the entries within them. Here is an explanation of the columns and the color code in most of the tables on this page.

Color code for each cell in the below tables:

* green (#9f9) means it doesn't ask for this information at all. This is ideal because it doesn't need to be changed, won't make a mismatch with other paperwork, and is no trouble.
* blue (#9ff) means it offers a write-in field. This is good because it acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, but it can make a mismatch with other paperwork.
* yellow (#ffb) means it asks but answering it is optional. For a title, this means it lets you leave it blank. For a gender, this means it lets you leave it blank, or select an option called "none", "prefer not to state", or "unspecified". This doesn't acknowledge the existence of nonbinary people and can make mismatches with other paperwork, but it's better than otherwise.
* purple (#f9d) means it has a mandatory selection but gives some gender-neutral options, which may even acknowledge the existence of people who are nonbinary or intersex. For a title, this means the available options include not only Dr but [[Mx]]. For gender, it acknowledges that there could be other genders than female or male, giving options such as "other" or "intersex". This acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, which is good, but requires you to be either out or closeted, and can create mismatches with other paperwork, which is trouble.
* red (#f99) is mandatory selection, without gender-neutral options. For a title, the only remotely gender-neutral titles it offers are things such as "Dr". For a gender, it only allows only [[female]] or [[male]]. This is the worst because it is [[nonbinary erasure]]. Activists need to let the organization know it can be more inclusive.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

Columns in the table:

* Title is for title selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to give a title such as Dr., does it let you leave it blank, or does it let you write in [[gender neutral titles]] such as [[Mx]]?
* Gender is for explicit [[gender]] (or "[[sex]]") selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to say what gender you are, or doesn't ask? If it does, are you limited only to female and male options, or does it offer more options, or can you write in something else?

Ideally, please include a link to evidence, such as a screenshot or scan of the paperwork, with personal details blacked out, or cite a source.

==Businesses==

This section is for kinds of businesses other than listed elsewhere on this page. ''Please add to this section.''

Planet Fitness in Richmond, CA is willing to let individuals "choose" which of the two binary locker rooms they would like to use.

==Charities==

Charitable organizations. ''Please add to this section.''

==Education==

Schools of all kinds, as well as other educational resources.

Note that for [[gender nonconforming]] [[children]] and teens, homeschooling or unschooling is an option. This still involves a lot of paperwork, but it's a life-saving option for youth who have difficulty fitting in or feeling safe around peers and faculty at school. Homeschooled or drop-out teens can work to pass the General Education Development (GED) test instead of getting a high school diploma. A GED certificate will satisfy all employers and colleges that ask for a high school diploma.

===Colleges and universities===

In the USA, many colleges use paperwork that makes problems for transgender people, especially nonbinary people. The Common Application and Universal College Application, used by many USA colleges, used to restrict answers to only the binary sex assigned at the birth of the applicant. However, starting in the 2016-2017 academic year, these applications updated the "sex" field to "sex assigned at birth" and added an optional free text field for gender.<ref name="OConnor">{{Cite web |title=College Applications Just Got Way More Gender-Inclusive |last=O'Connor |first=Lydia |work=HuffPost |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/common-application-gender_n_57225c03e4b01a5ebde4faf9}}</ref>

The [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person] article is highly recommended because it goes into more detail about many aspects of college life for a nonbinary person in the USA, and some common problems in paperwork.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| American University
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, "limited to the 'social justice' house for first years"<ref name="College">[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person]. October 21, 2013</ref>
|-
| Bard College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Bowling Green State University
|
| Allows gender neutral housing, but is limited to Founders Hall and one floor of MacDonald Hall for 2016-17 academic year<ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/residence-life/housing-options/gender-neutral-housing.html</ref><ref>http://www.toledoblade.com/Education/2016/05/01/BGSU-to-offer-less-expensive-all-gender-dorm.html</ref> Also has some gender neutral bathrooms accross campus <ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/gender-neutral-bathrooms.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/Gender%20Neutral%20Bathrooms_List+Campus%20Map.pdf</ref>
|-
| Burlington College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "I do not wish to identify"<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| College of Wooster
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Connecticut College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
| >
|-
| Dickinson College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Evergreen State College, the
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Gutenberg College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Goucher College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Grinnell College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Hampshire College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Has gender-neutral bathrooms in all dorms and all over campus. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Haverford
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "regularly offers singles even to first years, and some floors have gender-neutral bathrooms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Ithaca College (Ithaca, NY)
|
| Has a gender-inclusive housing option that is friendly to genderqueer students. Has a speech pathology clinic to help transgender students with voice training for free.<ref name="Beemyn2012">Dr. [[Genny Beemyn]] and Shane Windmeyer. ''The Advocate.'' August 15, 2012. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2012/08/15/top-10-trans-friendly-colleges-and-universities?page=0,0 Mirror: http://www.campuspride.org/resources/top-10-trans/</ref>
|-
| Juniata College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Macalester College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| New College of Florida
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has a campus community known for accepting gender-variant students—it works for some trans students because of the college’s informal acceptance, even if the school doesn’t have stated policies."<ref name="College" />
|-
| New York University (New York, NY)
|
| Has a trans student group and several popular transgender focused events.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Oberlin College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Pitzer College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Lets you "indicate a gender preference for your roommate (but won't guarantee you'll get your preference)" [...] Pitzer also has the best housing application I've seen in terms of trans-friendliness".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Prescott College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Paper application has only M and F boxes<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Princeton University (Princeton, NJ)
|
| Gives a lot of transgender focused programming and events, and works to be transgender-inclusive in its services.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Savannah Technical College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Only "male" and "female" gender options available
|
|-
| Shimer College (in Chicago, Illinois)
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Online form lets you write in a gender as you wish<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Skidmore College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| St. Johns College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)
|
| One of the first schools to cover transgender health care under its student health insurance, and makes it easy to access these benefits. The campus has gender-inclusive athletic facilities and more than 120 gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of California - Riverside (UCR)
|
| Has trans and genderqueer focused events. <ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing, as do all U of California schools, but this particular one is said to be "especially good" with "many options" of that kind.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of California - Santa Cruz (UCSC)
| Online application form gives about six gender options.<ref name="PracticalExamples">http://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/03/24/a-call-for-examples/</ref> Has separate questions for gender and for sex assigned at birth. Students can also indicate a preferred name and pronouns.<ref name="UCSC">{{Cite web |title=Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Questions |author= |work=registrar.ucsc.edu |date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://registrar.ucsc.edu/gender-identity/index.html}}</ref>
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Massachusetts, Amherst
|
| Formerly had actively transphobic faculty, but now works to be trans inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|
| Works to be trans inclusive. Lets students be listed and called by a preferred name, in all contexts, rather than their legal name. Student culture accepts openly transgender students.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Oregon (Eugene, OR)
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Works to be trans inclusive by introducing trans friendly policies before they're asked for. Rec centre has gender-inclusive locker rooms. Most buildings have gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA)
|
| LGBT center has a two-story building. Student culture is accepting of openly transgender people. Student health service is knowledgeable about trans health issues.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Puget Sound
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Vermont (UVM) (Burlington, VT)
|
| Nondiscrimination policy includes "gender identity/expression." Has trans focused events. Lets students become listed by their preferred name. Works to help other schools be transgender-inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Washington (UW) (Seattle, WA)
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" /> Has had a Q Center since 2005, which "welcomes students, staff, and faculty who are transgender". The University plans that in 2016 it will "broaden gender-neutral options for housing to include all of the new residence halls on west campus as well as Haggett Hall, which has provided gender-neutral bathrooms and living quarters for several years. ... UW staff is working on giving students an easy option to change their gender on University forms."<ref>Julie Garner, "True to self." ''Columns: The University of Washington Alumni Magazine'', September 10, 2015. [https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/ https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/]</ref>
|-
| Vassar
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has gender-neutral bathrooms throughout campus and in all the dorms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Warren Wilson college
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Wesleyan University
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Western Washington University
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|}

==Finance==

Banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| BECU (credit union)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.
|-
| BMO Harris (bank)
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on the their cards<ref name="Mastercard">{{Cite web |title=Mastercard’s ‘True Name’ supports transgender and non-binary consumers |author= |work=WARC |date=11 June 2020 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/mastercards-true-name-supports-transgender-and-non-binary-consumers/43710}}</ref><ref name="BMOH">https://www.bmoharris.com/main/personal/true-name/</ref>
|-
| Capitol One (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Chase (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Mastercard
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on their cards<ref name="Mastercard" />
|-
| SunTrust (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Wells Fargo (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|}

==Employment==

In general, employment discrimination laws regarding gender identity and LGBT identity vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Legal_aspects_of_transsexualism_in_the_United_States#Employment_discrimination|Wikipedia: Legal aspects of transsexualism in the United States - Employment discrimination]].

===Private employment agencies===

Public employment agencies (the Department of Labor, the "unemployment agency") would be not in this section, but the section for state government and the federal government.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| [http://www.roberthalf.com/officeteam RobertHalf OfficeTeam] (office temping agency)
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
||
|}

==Government==

Federal and state governments

===Official documents of identity===
{{Outdated Information}}
[[File:Requirements for altering birth certificate sex in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|Legal requirements each state has for altering the sex on one's birth certificate.
Lavender: State does not require SRS to alter sex on the birth certificate
Green: Altering sex on birth certificate requires SRS
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates for transsexuals]]

[[File:Birth certificate sex altering regulations in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|The procedure each state uses to alter the sex on one's birth certificate.
Blue: New birth certificate is issued with the correct sex designation
Lavender: Old birth certificate is amended to correct sex designation
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates for transsexual people]]

In the USA, official documentation such as driver's licenses, passports, and birth certificates all show an M or an F only. Only one person in the USA has managed to get a different gender marker than M or F, who was an adult intersex person who asked for theirs to say "hermaphrodite."<ref name="Litigation">"Litigation." ''Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition.'' http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html</ref> Currently, even changing one's gender marker from M to F or vice versa is difficult. Some states require proof of surgery (meaning a letter from the surgeon, or from a doctor who has examined the person) to change the gender marker on the identification, some states don't, and some states don't allow the gender marker to be changed at all.

Activism for nonbinary and intersex people-- and transgender people of all kinds-- should ask for these forms of identification to allow another gender marker, such as X, and to be able to change one's gender marker more easily, without proof of surgery or other paperwork. Or better yet, activism should ask for these forms of identification to stop recording sex or gender entirely, because there are better ways to identify people now. That would make life and paperwork safer and easier for transgender people of all kinds.

In the tables below, this section uses a slightly different color code and column labels than the rest of this page, though still loosely based on traffic lights:

* blue (#9ff) means it's routinely friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender" (or "sex," if that is the term used on that document), this would mean it doesn't ask for gender information at all, or gives an option not to give the information, or gives an option other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," it lets you change your gender marker without proof of surgery.
* yellow (#ffb) means it has only rarely or with great difficulty been friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender," there have been rare cases where someone managed to get a gender marker other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," changing one's gender markers requires proof of surgery.
* red (#f99) means it's not friendly at all to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In "gender," this means it requires everyone to choose M or F. In "change," this means it doesn't let anyone change their gender markers.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

====Birth certificate====

In the USA, most states issue birth certificates with an M or F only, with the limitations described above. Birth certificates call their gender markers "sex" rather than "gender," and the legal definition they use for this is defined by the past or current condition of the genitals, as determined by an examination from a doctor. With this term, defined in this way, it will be difficult to get officials to recognize gender identity with no relation to genitals, or nonbinary gender identity in people who aren't intersex, or even in people who are.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change
! Notes
|-
| Alabama
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth">http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/changing-birth-certificate-sex-designations</ref>
|-
| Alaska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only<ref name="IGRPresources">"Resources." ''Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition Project.'' Updated 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intersexrecognition.org/resources</ref>
|
|-
| Arizona
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Arkansas
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref>Kate Sosin and Nico Lang. "Arkansas — Yes, Arkansas — Quietly Begins Issuing Gender-Neutral IDs to Non-Binary People." ''Into.'' 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intomore.com/impact/arkansas-yes-arkansas-quietly-begins-issuing-gender-neutral-ids-to-non-binary-people</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| No documentation needed
|-
| California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| The first state to allow a third option, "nonbinary," on birth certificates, starting when SB 179, or the Gender Recognition Act, was signed into law on October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC">John Paul Brammer. ''NBC News.'' 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/california-paves-way-nonbinary-birth-certificates-n813436</ref>
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Allows change without a hearing upon request.<ref>https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179</ref><ref>https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jtes/california-just-got-one-step-closer-to-nonbinary-ids</ref>
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Connecticut
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, no proof of surgery required.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Delaware
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| District of Columbia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Florida
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Georgia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Idaho
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Illinois
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Indiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Iowa
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires a doctor's proof of "surgery or other treatment [so that] a sex change has occurred" to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kansas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kentucky
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Louisiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Maine
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref name="Milton2020">{{Cite web |title=Non-binary people win vital legal recognition as Maine becomes 12th state to issue ‘X’ gender birth certificates |last=Milton |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=20 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/07/20/maine-non-binary-birth-certificates-x-legal-recognition/}}</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Requires an "individual notarized affirmation that the change is made to align the record with their gender
identity." Name on birth certificate can only be changed at the same time as the gender marker change.<ref name="maine">{{Cite web |title=Gender Marker Change on Birth Certificates: Frequently Asked Questions |work=maine.gov |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/public-health-systems/data-research/vital-records/documents/pdf-files/QA%20for%20gender%20marker.pdf}}</ref>
| "At the time of birth, parents may opt to have a nonbinary designation on the [baby's] birth certificate."<ref name="maine" />
|-
| Maryland
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Michigan
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Minnesota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Mississippi
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Missouri
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Montana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nebraska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nevada
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Hampshire
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Jersey
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or undesignated/nonbinary. The latter became available on February 1, 2019, making this the 6th state to offer nonbinary birth certificates.<ref name="PinkNewsNJ">https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/01/30/new-jersey-gender-neutral-birth-certificates/</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| In 2019, proof of medical transition or surgery is no longer required to change your birth certificate in this state. <ref name="PinkNewsNJ" /><ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Mexico
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New York
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Dakota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Ohio
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F only, with only one case to the exception: an adult intersex person won a lawsuit to change their birth certificate to say "[[hermaphrodite]]."<ref name="Litigation" />
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oklahoma
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F, with one exception where a birth certificate was changed to say "[[Nonbinary]]" <ref>http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation. Applicant must have undergone surgical, hormonal, or other treatment appropriate for that individual for the purpose of gender transition and that sexual reassignment has been completed. Surgery not required. Doctor letter may be required by a specific judge, though this is uncommon. <ref>http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/</ref>
|-
| Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Rhode Island
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| South Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Tennessee
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation. Furthermore, "this is the only state that has a statute specifically forbidding the correction of sex designations on birth certificates for transgender people."<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Texas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Utah
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Vermont
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor saying they've had a transition, not strictly surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Virginia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Washington
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X, since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075.<ref name="WA-state-birth">"Sex Designation Change on a Birth Certificate." ''Washington State Department of Health.'' Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.doh.wa.gov/LicensesPermitsandCertificates/BirthDeathMarriageandDivorce/SexDesignationChangeonaBirthCertificate</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation on birth certificate. Since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075 requires only "the appropriate Sex Designation Change request form. A court order or a letter from your physician will not be accepted."<ref name="WA-state-birth"></ref>
|-
| Wisconsin
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Wyoming
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|}

====Driver's license====

In the USA, driver's licenses in most states can show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. As with birth certificates, the gender marker on driver's licenses is called "sex" instead of "gender." All U.S. states allow the gender marker to be changed on a driver's license,<ref>"Driver's License Policies by State." National Center for Transgender Equality. Accessed June 20, 2012. http://transequality.org/Resources/DL/DL_policies.html</ref> although the requirements for doing so vary by state. Often, the requirements for changing one's driver's license are less stringent than those for changing the marker on the birth certificate. This can create conflicts between documents, because sometimes a person is allowed to change their marker on one document, but not the other.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change process
! Notes
|-
|California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or "nonbinary," which became available on driver's licenses in October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC"></ref>
|
|
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Starting November 30 2018, drivers licences and ID cards can have an M, F, or X marker.<ref name="colo_Colo">{{Cite web |title=Colorado to offer non-binary sex identifier on driver licenses and IDs |author= |work=Department of Revenue - Motor Vehicle |date= |access-date=3 August 2020 |url= https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dmv/colorado-offer-non-binary-sex-identifier-driver-licenses-and-ids}}</ref>
| Must have a DR2083 Change of Sex Designation form with a signature from their medical or behavioral healthcare provider. No specific surgery or other treatment is required.<ref name="colo_Colo" />
|
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| "Starting July 1, 2020, Hawaii will update the gender marker on a Hawai’i ID to male, female, or X upon self-attestation by the applicant of their gender, no medical documentation required."<ref>https://transequality.org/documents/state/hawaii</ref>
|
|
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X options since November 2019 <ref name="Vaughn">{{Cite web |title=The RMV Officially Recognizes a Non-Binary Gender Option Now |last=Vaughn |first=Alyssa |work=Boston Magazine |date=13 November 2019 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/11/13/massachusetts-rmv-gender-neutral-drivers-licenses/}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X. The X became available on driver's license forms on 2017-07-01.<ref name="IGRPresources" />
|
|
|-
|Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#9ff;"|"X" gender designation available starting July 2020.<ref name="Limberg">{{Cite web |title=PA Now Offering Nonbinary Option for Driver License and IDs |last=Limberg |first=Andrew |work=1010 WINS |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://1010wins.radio.com/articles/radiocom/pa-now-offering-non-binary-option-for-driver-licenseid}}</ref>
|Fill out a form and bring it to DMV in person. No medical or social service documentation is needed.<ref name="dmvPA">{{Cite web |title=Gender-Neutral Designation |author= |work=PennDOT Driver & Vehicle Services |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.dmv.pa.gov/Driver-Services/Driver-Licensing/Pages/Gender-Neutral-Designation.aspx}}</ref>
|
|-
|Washington DC
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X (X available since June 2017)<ref name="gove_HowG">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Washington state
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only.<ref name="IGRPresources"></ref><ref>"Change your gender designation: Driver licenses and ID cards" ''Washington Department of Licensing.'' Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/genderchange.html</ref>
|
|
|}

====Passports====

In the USA, passports show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. The State Department determines what identifying biographical information is placed on passports. In 2010, they began to allow permanent gender marker changes to be made with a letter from a doctor saying that "the applicant has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender,"<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX M - GENDER CHANGE." United States Department of State. June 10, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2010. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf</ref> and no longer requires proof of surgery.<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX F - PASSPORT AMENDMENTS." United States Department of State. March 18, 2009. Accessed May 7, 2009. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86784.pdf</ref>

====Military ID====

Military retiree ID cards provide an option for photo ID for some transgender people, as they don't display gender on them. However, these cards are only available to those who served in the military, and not accessible to all transgender people.<ref>"Frequently Asked Questions" ''Transgender American Veterans Association'' [http://www.tavausa.org/faq.htmlhttp://www.tavausa.org/faq.html]</ref>

====Social Security card====

Social Security cards are one of the few government-issued IDs that do not list gender on them. However, the Social Security Administration keeps a record of gender. Current policy holds that surgery is not required to change that gender record. Instead, the Administration will accept a full-validity U.S. passport, a state birth certificate showing the new gender, a court order ordering legal recognition of the new gender, or a doctor's letter saying that the person "has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender."<ref>See Social Security Administration, Changing Numident Data for Reasons Other Than Name Change, [https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0110212200 Records Maintenance § 10212.200(B)(2)] (as of Mar. 19, 2015). The physician's certificate accepted by the Administration is the same as that accepted by the Department of State for permanently changing one's passport gender. Compare id. with [http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf#page=3 7 U.S. Dep't of State, Foreign Affairs Manual § 1300 appx. M, at 3-4].</ref>

===Marriage certificates===

====Massachusetts====

Marriage certificates at the City of Cambridge in Massachusetts ask for binary sex, but by special permission, this can be left blank, so the marriage certificate has no gender on it.<ref>http://practicalandrogyny.tumblr.com/post/7025100121/gender-free-marriage-certificate-from-cambridge</ref>

===Voting===

Transgender disenfranchisement is the practice of creating or upholding barriers that keep transgender people from voting. One way this happens is by requiring that people need to show ID to vote. That makes problems for transgender people who have mismatches on the gender markers on their ID. For nonbinary people, in particular, they may be limited to forms of ID that don't show a gender marker, such as Social Security cards (which some states don't accept as ID) or military retiree ID cards (which some people don't have and perhaps can't get). Some states let people prove their identity by showing a utility bill, which doesn't show gender, assuming the bill doesn't address the customer by a gendered title. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]] for more about this transgender rights issue.

==Housing==

In general, laws regarding housing discrimination for gender identity and LGBT people vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender rights in the United States#Employment_discrimination|Transgender rights in the United States]] on Wikipedia.

==Medical==

Clinics, hospitals, health insurance. ''Please add to this section.''

===Health insurance===

See the article ''[[Health insurance]]'' for more on this topic.

Many kinds of health insurance don't cover transgender-related healthcare (meaning [[hormone therapy]] and [[surgery]]). However, in some states, insurance is required by law to cover it:<ref>http://nonbinary-support.tumblr.com/post/113431196413/states-where-it-is-the-law-for-insurance-to-cover</ref>
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/4273 California] (April 2013)
* [http://www.one-colorado.org/what-coloradans-need-to-know-about-the-division-of-insurance-recent-bulletin-on-health-insurance/ Colorado] (March 2013)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2013/12/31/connecticut-becomes-fifth-state-require-transgender-medical-coverage Connecticut] (December 2013)
* [http://www.aidschicago.org/illinois-news/915-illinois-advocates-hail-great-first-step-to-end-discrimination-against-transgender-individuals-in-health-insurance-coverage Illinois] (July 2014)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/06/23/trans-residents-celebrate-monumental-health-care-ruling-mass Massachusetts] (June 2014)
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/nyregion/in-new-york-insurance-must-cover-sex-changes-cuomo-says.html?_r=0 New York] (December 2014)
* [http://www.basicrights.org/featured/historic-news-oregon-removes-barriers-to-transition-related-care/ Oregon] (January 2013)
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/7506 Vermont] (April 2013)
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/10537 Washington] state (June 2014)
* [http://mayor.dc.gov/release/mayor-gray-announces-steps-protect-glbt-community-discrimination-health-care Washington D.C.] (February 2014)

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) maintains a list of health insurance companies and their relevant policies: "[http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/finding-insurance-for-transgender-related-healthcare Finding Insurance For Transgender Related Health Care]."

However, even with coverage, many insurance companies will misgender clients on ID cards, websites, and promotional mailings (such as those offering a discount for getting a certain medical procedure).

Many medical records use M or F markers and contain all aliases, and even in trans-centric places like the Lyon-Martin Clinic, paperwork is labeled by legal gender marker and a (T) for transgender when applicable. These markers and names often print on medical ID bracelets, including emergency rooms, hospitals, and in-patient psychiatric wards. At least one hospital, Sutter General in West Oakland, is willing to prevent deadnames from printing to ID bracelets upon formal request through the patient complaint customer service phone line; however, it was not willing to remove the gender marker.

Additionally, even without medical records, ambulances and hospitals tend to pick a gender marker based on how they interpret a person to look, without asking. And even in emergency rooms with a fill-in-the-blank option for gender, staff and records tend to completely ignore this altogether.

===Blood donation===
The American Red Cross Blood Services does not ban transgender or nonbinary people from donating blood/platelets/etc, and they recognize the existence of various nonbinary genders. However, donors must self-identify themselves as either male or female; this is required by the FDA.<ref name="redcross">{{Cite web |title=LGBTQ+ Donors |author= |work=redcrossblood.org |date= |access-date=6 June 2020 |url= https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/eligibility-requirements/lgbtq-donors.html}}</ref>

==Shopping==

Supermarkets, stores, and other kinds of shopping in the USA. ''Please add to this section.''

==Utilities==

Utilities such as power, gas, electricity, water, and communications. ''Please add to this section.''

==Veterinary==

Animal and pet clinics and hospitals. ''Please add to this section.''

==Websites==

Websites and online services specific to the USA, other than those listed elsewhere on this page. Otherwise, see [[websites and social networks]], which is international. ''Please add to this section.''

==See also==
* [[Recognition (Canada)]]
* [[Recognition (UK)]]

==External links==
* [http://www.intersexrecognition.org/home.html Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project] "is the only legal organization in the United States addressing the right of non-binary adults to gender-self-identify on legal documents. [...] IGRP's goal is to allow non-binary adults to self-identify as something other than male or female on their driver’s license, passport, and other government-issued identification."
* [https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/identity_document_laws/ Movement Advancement Project: Identity Document Laws and Policies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Practical resources by country]]
[[Category:Recognition]]
[[Category:USA]]

Recognition (USA)

2020-08-12T00:22:00Z

2601:901:4300:1CF0:48F3:6F2A:F154:963C:

{{incomplete}}
{{Outdated Information}}
It is estimated that there are over 450,000 [[nonbinary]] individuals in the United States of America.<ref name="Hendrick">{{Cite web |title=“M,” “F,” Or “X”? Nonbinary Gender Designations In The Workplace |author=Hendrick et al. |work=Fisher Phillips |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=19 June 2020 |url= https://www.fisherphillips.com/resources-newsletters-article-m-f-or-x-nonbinary-gender-designations}}</ref> This article gives information on [[recognition]] of nonbinary gender identities in law, government, services, and businesses in the USA. This also deals with policies about [[transgender]] people in general, and related policies about [[intersex]] people. Recognition here means whether an organization acknowledges that such people exist and have valid identities, and the organization does this by routinely giving them a place where they aren't forced into being wrongly categorized as a [[gender]] that doesn't match their [[gender identity]]. In the case of recognition of nonbinary people, this means the system doesn't force them to wrongly say they are one of the [[binary gender]]s ([[female]] or [[male]]).

==How to use==
When adding to the tables, please note all sections are in alphabetical order, as are the entries within them. Here is an explanation of the columns and the color code in most of the tables on this page.

Color code for each cell in the below tables:

* green (#9f9) means it doesn't ask for this information at all. This is ideal because it doesn't need to be changed, won't make a mismatch with other paperwork, and is no trouble.
* blue (#9ff) means it offers a write-in field. This is good because it acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, but it can make a mismatch with other paperwork.
* yellow (#ffb) means it asks but answering it is optional. For a title, this means it lets you leave it blank. For a gender, this means it lets you leave it blank, or select an option called "none", "prefer not to state", or "unspecified". This doesn't acknowledge the existence of nonbinary people and can make mismatches with other paperwork, but it's better than otherwise.
* purple (#f9d) means it has a mandatory selection but gives some gender-neutral options, which may even acknowledge the existence of people who are nonbinary or intersex. For a title, this means the available options include not only Dr but [[Mx]]. For gender, it acknowledges that there could be other genders than female or male, giving options such as "other" or "intersex". This acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, which is good, but requires you to be either out or closeted, and can create mismatches with other paperwork, which is trouble.
* red (#f99) is mandatory selection, without gender-neutral options. For a title, the only remotely gender-neutral titles it offers are things such as "Dr". For a gender, it only allows only [[female]] or [[male]]. This is the worst because it is [[nonbinary erasure]]. Activists need to let the organization know it can be more inclusive.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

Columns in the table:

* Title is for title selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to give a title such as Dr., does it let you leave it blank, or does it let you write in [[gender neutral titles]] such as [[Mx]]?
* Gender is for explicit [[gender]] (or "[[sex]]") selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to say what gender you are, or doesn't ask? If it does, are you limited only to female and male options, or does it offer more options, or can you write in something else?

Ideally, please include a link to evidence, such as a screenshot or scan of the paperwork, with personal details blacked out, or cite a source.

==Businesses==

This section is for kinds of businesses other than listed elsewhere on this page. ''Please add to this section.''

Planet Fitness in Richmond, CA is willing to let individuals "choose" which of the two binary locker rooms they would like to use.

==Charities==

Charitable organizations. ''Please add to this section.''

==Education==

Schools of all kinds, as well as other educational resources.

Note that for [[gender nonconforming]] [[children]] and teens, homeschooling or unschooling is an option. This still involves a lot of paperwork, but it's a life-saving option for youth who have difficulty fitting in or feeling safe around peers and faculty at school. Homeschooled or drop-out teens can work to pass the General Education Development (GED) test instead of getting a high school diploma. A GED certificate will satisfy all employers and colleges that ask for a high school diploma.

===Colleges and universities===

In the USA, many colleges use paperwork that makes problems for transgender people, especially nonbinary people. The Common Application and Universal College Application, used by many USA colleges, used to restrict answers to only the binary sex assigned at the birth of the applicant. However, starting in the 2016-2017 academic year, these applications updated the "sex" field to "sex assigned at birth" and added an optional free text field for gender.<ref name="OConnor">{{Cite web |title=College Applications Just Got Way More Gender-Inclusive |last=O'Connor |first=Lydia |work=HuffPost |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/common-application-gender_n_57225c03e4b01a5ebde4faf9}}</ref>

The [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person] article is highly recommended because it goes into more detail about many aspects of college life for a nonbinary person in the USA, and some common problems in paperwork.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| American University
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, "limited to the 'social justice' house for first years"<ref name="College">[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person]. October 21, 2013</ref>
|-
| Bard College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Bowling Green State University
|
| Allows gender neutral housing, but is limited to Founders Hall and one floor of MacDonald Hall for 2016-17 academic year<ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/residence-life/housing-options/gender-neutral-housing.html</ref><ref>http://www.toledoblade.com/Education/2016/05/01/BGSU-to-offer-less-expensive-all-gender-dorm.html</ref> Also has some gender neutral bathrooms accross campus <ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/gender-neutral-bathrooms.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/Gender%20Neutral%20Bathrooms_List+Campus%20Map.pdf</ref>
|-
| Burlington College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "I do not wish to identify"<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| College of Wooster
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Connecticut College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
| >
|-
| Dickinson College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Evergreen State College, the
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Gutenberg College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Goucher College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Grinnell College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Hampshire College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Has gender-neutral bathrooms in all dorms and all over campus. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Haverford
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "regularly offers singles even to first years, and some floors have gender-neutral bathrooms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Ithaca College (Ithaca, NY)
|
| Has a gender-inclusive housing option that is friendly to genderqueer students. Has a speech pathology clinic to help transgender students with voice training for free.<ref name="Beemyn2012">Dr. [[Genny Beemyn]] and Shane Windmeyer. ''The Advocate.'' August 15, 2012. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2012/08/15/top-10-trans-friendly-colleges-and-universities?page=0,0 Mirror: http://www.campuspride.org/resources/top-10-trans/</ref>
|-
| Juniata College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Macalester College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| New College of Florida
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has a campus community known for accepting gender-variant students—it works for some trans students because of the college’s informal acceptance, even if the school doesn’t have stated policies."<ref name="College" />
|-
| New York University (New York, NY)
|
| Has a trans student group and several popular transgender focused events.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Oberlin College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Pitzer College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Lets you "indicate a gender preference for your roommate (but won't guarantee you'll get your preference)" [...] Pitzer also has the best housing application I've seen in terms of trans-friendliness".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Prescott College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Paper application has only M and F boxes<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Princeton University (Princeton, NJ)
|
| Gives a lot of transgender focused programming and events, and works to be transgender-inclusive in its services.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Savannah Technical College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Only "male" and "female" gender options available
|
|-
| Shimer College (in Chicago, Illinois)
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Online form lets you write in a gender as you wish<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Skidmore College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| St. Johns College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)
|
| One of the first schools to cover transgender health care under its student health insurance, and makes it easy to access these benefits. Campus has gender-inclusive athletic facilities and more than 120 gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of California - Riverside (UCR)
|
| Has trans and genderqueer focused events. <ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing, as do all U of California schools, but this particular one is said to be "especially good" with "many options" of that kind.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of California - Santa Cruz (UCSC)
| Online application form gives about six gender options.<ref name="PracticalExamples">http://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/03/24/a-call-for-examples/</ref> Has separate questions for gender and for sex assigned at birth. Students can also indicate a preferred name and pronouns.<ref name="UCSC">{{Cite web |title=Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Questions |author= |work=registrar.ucsc.edu |date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://registrar.ucsc.edu/gender-identity/index.html}}</ref>
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Massachusetts, Amherst
|
| Formerly had actively transphobic faculty, but now works to be trans inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|
| Works to be trans inclusive. Lets students be listed and called by a preferred name, in all contexts, rather than their legal name. Student culture accepts openly transgender students.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Oregon (Eugene, OR)
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Works to be trans inclusive by introducing trans friendly policies before they're asked for. Rec centre has gender-inclusive locker rooms. Most buildings have gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA)
|
| LGBT center has its own two-story building. Student culture is accepting of openly transgender people. Student health service is knowledgeable about trans health issues.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Puget Sound
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Vermont (UVM) (Burlington, VT)
|
| Nondiscrimination policy includes "gender identity/expression." Has trans focused events. Lets students be listed by preferred name. Works to help other schools be transgender inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Washington (UW) (Seattle, WA)
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" /> Has had a Q Center since 2005, which "welcomes students, staff, and faculty who are transgender". The University plans that in 2016 it will "broaden gender-neutral options for housing to include all of the new residence halls on west campus as well as Haggett Hall, which has provided gender-neutral bathrooms and living quarters for several years. ... UW staff is working on giving students an easy option to change gender on University forms."<ref>Julie Garner, "True to self." ''Columns: The University of Washington Alumni Magazine'', September 10, 2015. [https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/ https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/]</ref>
|-
| Vassar
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has gender-neutral bathrooms throughout campus and in all the dorms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Warren Wilson college
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Wesleyan University
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Western Washington University
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|}

==Finance==

Banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| BECU (credit union)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.
|-
| BMO Harris (bank)
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on the their cards<ref name="Mastercard">{{Cite web |title=Mastercard’s ‘True Name’ supports transgender and non-binary consumers |author= |work=WARC |date=11 June 2020 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/mastercards-true-name-supports-transgender-and-non-binary-consumers/43710}}</ref><ref name="BMOH">https://www.bmoharris.com/main/personal/true-name/</ref>
|-
| Capitol One (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Chase (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Mastercard
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on the their cards<ref name="Mastercard" />
|-
| SunTrust (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Wells Fargo (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|}

==Employment==

In general, employment discrimination laws regarding gender identity and LGBT identity vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Legal_aspects_of_transsexualism_in_the_United_States#Employment_discrimination|Wikipedia: Legal aspects of transsexualism in the United States - Employment discrimination]].

===Private employment agencies===

Public employment agencies (the Department of Labor, the "unemployment agency") would be not in this section, but in the section for state government and the federal government.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| [http://www.roberthalf.com/officeteam RobertHalf OfficeTeam] (office temping agency)
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
||
|}

==Government==

Federal and state government.

===Official documents of identity===
{{Outdated Information}}
[[File:Requirements for altering birth certificate sex in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|Legal requirements each state has for altering the sex on one's birth certificate.
Lavender: State does not require SRS to alter sex on the birth certificate
Green: Altering sex on birth certificate requires SRS
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates for transsexuals]]

[[File:Birth certificate sex altering regulations in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|The procedure each state uses to alter the sex on one's birth certificate.
Blue: New birth certificate is issued with the correct sex designation
Lavender: Old birth certificate is amended to correct sex designation
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates for transsexual people]]

In the USA, official documentation such as driver's licenses, passports, and birth certificates all show an M or an F only. Only one person in the USA has managed to get a different gender marker than M or F, who was an adult intersex person who asked for theirs to say "hermaphrodite."<ref name="Litigation">"Litigation." ''Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition.'' http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html</ref> Currently, even changing one's gender marker from M to F or vice versa is difficult. Some states require proof of surgery (meaning a letter from the surgeon, or from a doctor who has examined the person) in order to change the gender marker on the identification, some states don't, and some states don't allow the gender marker to be changed at all.

Activism for nonbinary and intersex people-- and transgender people of all kinds-- should ask for these forms of identification to allow another gender marker, such as X, and to be able to change one's gender marker more easily, without proof of surgery or other paperwork. Or better yet, activism should ask for these forms of identification to stop recording sex or gender entirely, because there are better ways to identify people now. That would make life and paperwork safer and easier for transgender people of all kinds.

In the tables below, this section uses a slightly different color code and column labels than the rest of this page, though still loosely based on traffic lights:

* blue (#9ff) means it's routinely friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender" (or "sex," if that is the term used on that document), this would mean it doesn't ask for gender information at all, or gives an option not to give the information, or gives an option other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," it lets you change your gender marker without proof of surgery.
* yellow (#ffb) means it has only rarely or with great difficulty been friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender," there have been rare cases where someone managed to get a gender marker other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," changing one's gender markers requires proof of surgery.
* red (#f99) means it's not friendly at all to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In "gender," this means it requires everyone to choose M or F. In "change," this means it doesn't let anyone change their gender markers.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

====Birth certificate====

In the USA, most states issue birth certificates with an M or F only, with the limitations described above. Birth certificates call their gender markers "sex" rather than "gender," and the legal definition they use for this is defined by the past or current condition of the genitals, as determined by an examination from a doctor. With this term, defined in this way, it will be difficult to get officials to recognize gender identity with no relation to genitals, or nonbinary gender identity in people who aren't intersex, or even in people who are.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change
! Notes
|-
| Alabama
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth">http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/changing-birth-certificate-sex-designations</ref>
|-
| Alaska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only<ref name="IGRPresources">"Resources." ''Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition Project.'' Updated 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intersexrecognition.org/resources</ref>
|
|-
| Arizona
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Arkansas
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref>Kate Sosin and Nico Lang. "Arkansas — Yes, Arkansas — Quietly Begins Issuing Gender-Neutral IDs to Non-Binary People." ''Into.'' 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intomore.com/impact/arkansas-yes-arkansas-quietly-begins-issuing-gender-neutral-ids-to-non-binary-people</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| No documentation needed
|-
| California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| The first state to allow a third option, "nonbinary," on birth certificates, starting when SB 179, or the Gender Recognition Act, was signed into law on October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC">John Paul Brammer. ''NBC News.'' 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/california-paves-way-nonbinary-birth-certificates-n813436</ref>
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Allows change without a hearing upon request.<ref>https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179</ref><ref>https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jtes/california-just-got-one-step-closer-to-nonbinary-ids</ref>
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Connecticut
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, no proof of surgery required.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Delaware
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| District of Columbia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Florida
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Georgia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Idaho
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Illinois
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Indiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Iowa
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires a doctor's proof of "surgery or other treatment [so that] a sex change has occurred" to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kansas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kentucky
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Louisiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Maine
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref name="Milton2020">{{Cite web |title=Non-binary people win vital legal recognition as Maine becomes 12th state to issue ‘X’ gender birth certificates |last=Milton |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=20 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/07/20/maine-non-binary-birth-certificates-x-legal-recognition/}}</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Requires an "individual notarized affirmation that the change is made to align the record with their gender
identity." Name on birth certificate can only be changed at the same time as the gender marker change.<ref name="maine">{{Cite web |title=Gender Marker Change on Birth Certificates: Frequently Asked Questions |work=maine.gov |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/public-health-systems/data-research/vital-records/documents/pdf-files/QA%20for%20gender%20marker.pdf}}</ref>
| "At the time of birth, parents may opt to have a nonbinary designation on the [baby's] birth certificate."<ref name="maine" />
|-
| Maryland
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Michigan
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Minnesota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Mississippi
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Missouri
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Montana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nebraska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nevada
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Hampshire
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Jersey
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or undesignated/nonbinary. The latter became available on February 1, 2019, making this the 6th state to offer nonbinary birth certificates.<ref name="PinkNewsNJ">https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/01/30/new-jersey-gender-neutral-birth-certificates/</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| In 2019, proof of medical transition or surgery is no longer required to change your birth certificate in this state. <ref name="PinkNewsNJ" /><ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Mexico
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New York
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Dakota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Ohio
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F only, with only one case to the exception: an adult intersex person won a lawsuit to change their birth certificate to say "[[hermaphrodite]]."<ref name="Litigation" />
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oklahoma
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F, with one exception where a birth certificate was changed to say "[[Nonbinary]]" <ref>http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation. Applicant must have undergone surgical, hormonal, or other treatment appropriate for that individual for the purpose of gender transition and that sexual reassignment has been completed. Surgery not required. Doctor letter may be required by a specific judge, though this is uncommon. <ref>http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/</ref>
|-
| Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Rhode Island
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| South Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Tennessee
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation. Furthermore, "this is the only state that has a statute specifically forbidding the correction of sex designations on birth certificates for transgender people."<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Texas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Utah
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Vermont
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor saying they've had a transition, not strictly surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Virginia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Washington
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X, since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075.<ref name="WA-state-birth">"Sex Designation Change on a Birth Certificate." ''Washington State Department of Health.'' Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.doh.wa.gov/LicensesPermitsandCertificates/BirthDeathMarriageandDivorce/SexDesignationChangeonaBirthCertificate</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation on birth certificate. Since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075 requires only "the appropriate Sex Designation Change request form. A court order or a letter from your physician will not be accepted."<ref name="WA-state-birth"></ref>
|-
| Wisconsin
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Wyoming
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|}

====Driver's license====

In the USA, driver's licenses in most states can show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. As with birth certificates, the gender marker on driver's licenses is called "sex" instead of "gender." All U.S. states allow the gender marker to be changed on a driver's license,<ref>"Driver's License Policies by State." National Center for Transgender Equality. Accessed June 20, 2012. http://transequality.org/Resources/DL/DL_policies.html</ref> although the requirements for doing so vary by state. Often, the requirements for changing one's driver's license are less stringent than those for changing the marker on the birth certificate. This can create conflicts between documents, because sometimes a person is allowed to change their marker on one document, but not the other.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change process
! Notes
|-
|California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or "nonbinary," which became available on driver's licenses in October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC"></ref>
|
|
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Starting November 30 2018, drivers licences and ID cards can have an M, F, or X marker.<ref name="colo_Colo">{{Cite web |title=Colorado to offer non-binary sex identifier on driver licenses and IDs |author= |work=Department of Revenue - Motor Vehicle |date= |access-date=3 August 2020 |url= https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dmv/colorado-offer-non-binary-sex-identifier-driver-licenses-and-ids}}</ref>
| Must have a DR2083 Change of Sex Designation form with a signature from their medical or behavioral healthcare provider. No specific surgery or other treatment is required.<ref name="colo_Colo" />
|
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| "Starting July 1, 2020, Hawaii will update the gender marker on a Hawai’i ID to male, female, or X upon self-attestation by the applicant of their gender, no medical documentation required."<ref>https://transequality.org/documents/state/hawaii</ref>
|
|
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X options since November 2019 <ref name="Vaughn">{{Cite web |title=The RMV Officially Recognizes a Non-Binary Gender Option Now |last=Vaughn |first=Alyssa |work=Boston Magazine |date=13 November 2019 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/11/13/massachusetts-rmv-gender-neutral-drivers-licenses/}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X. The X became available on driver's license forms on 2017-07-01.<ref name="IGRPresources" />
|
|
|-
|Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#9ff;"|"X" gender designation available starting July 2020.<ref name="Limberg">{{Cite web |title=PA Now Offering Nonbinary Option for Driver License and IDs |last=Limberg |first=Andrew |work=1010 WINS |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://1010wins.radio.com/articles/radiocom/pa-now-offering-non-binary-option-for-driver-licenseid}}</ref>
|Fill out a form and bring it to DMV in person. No medical or social service documentation is needed.<ref name="dmvPA">{{Cite web |title=Gender-Neutral Designation |author= |work=PennDOT Driver & Vehicle Services |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.dmv.pa.gov/Driver-Services/Driver-Licensing/Pages/Gender-Neutral-Designation.aspx}}</ref>
|
|-
|Washington DC
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X (X available since June 2017)<ref name="gove_HowG">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html}}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Washington state
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only.<ref name="IGRPresources"></ref><ref>"Change your gender designation: Driver licenses and ID cards" ''Washington Department of Licensing.'' Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/genderchange.html</ref>
|
|
|}

====Passports====

In the USA, passports show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. The State Department determines what identifying biographical information is placed on passports. In 2010, they began to allow permanent gender marker changes to be made with a letter from a doctor saying that "the applicant has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender,"<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX M - GENDER CHANGE." United States Department of State. June 10, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2010. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf</ref> and no longer requires proof of surgery.<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX F - PASSPORT AMENDMENTS." United States Department of State. March 18, 2009. Accessed May 7, 2009. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86784.pdf</ref>

====Military ID====

Military retiree ID cards provide an option for photo ID for some transgender people, as they don't display gender on them. However, these cards are only available to those who served in the military, and not accessible to all transgender people.<ref>"Frequently Asked Questions" ''Transgender American Veterans Association'' [http://www.tavausa.org/faq.htmlhttp://www.tavausa.org/faq.html]</ref>

====Social Security card====

Social Security cards are one of the few government-issued IDs that do not list gender on them. However, the Social Security Administration keeps a record of gender. Current policy holds that surgery is not required to change that gender record. Instead, the Administration will accept as proof of a new gender any of: a full-validity U.S. passport, a state birth certificate showing the new gender, a court order ordering legal recognition of the new gender, or a doctor's letter saying that the person "has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender."<ref>See Social Security Administration, Changing Numident Data for Reasons Other Than Name Change, [https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0110212200 Records Maintenance § 10212.200(B)(2)] (as of Mar. 19, 2015). The physician's certificate accepted by the Administration is the same as that accepted by the Department of State for permanently changing one's passport gender. Compare id. with [http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf#page=3 7 U.S. Dep't of State, Foreign Affairs Manual § 1300 appx. M, at 3-4].</ref>

===Marriage certificates===

====Massachusetts====

Marriage certificates at the City of Cambridge in Massachusetts ask for a binary sex, but by special permission, this can be left blank, so the marriage certificate has no gender on it.<ref>http://practicalandrogyny.tumblr.com/post/7025100121/gender-free-marriage-certificate-from-cambridge</ref>

===Voting===

Transgender disenfranchisement is the practice of creating or upholding barriers that keep transgender people from voting. One way this happens is by requiring that people need to show ID in order to vote. That makes problems for transgender people who have mismatches on the gender markers on their ID. For nonbinary people, in particular, they may be limited to forms of ID that don't show a gender marker, such as Social Security cards (which some states don't accept as ID) or military retiree ID cards (which some people don't have and perhaps can't get). Some states let people prove their identity by showing a utility bill, which doesn't show gender, assuming the bill doesn't address the customer by a gendered title. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]] for more about this transgender rights issue.

==Housing==

In general, laws regarding housing discrimination for gender identity and LGBT people vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender rights in the United States#Employment_discrimination|Transgender rights in the United States]] on Wikipedia.

==Medical==

Clinics, hospitals, health insurance. ''Please add to this section.''

===Health insurance===

See the article ''[[Health insurance]]'' for more on this topic.

Many kinds of health insurance don't cover transgender-related healthcare (meaning [[hormone therapy]] and [[surgery]]). However, in some states, insurance is required by law to cover it:<ref>http://nonbinary-support.tumblr.com/post/113431196413/states-where-it-is-the-law-for-insurance-to-cover</ref>
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/4273 California] (April 2013)
* [http://www.one-colorado.org/what-coloradans-need-to-know-about-the-division-of-insurance-recent-bulletin-on-health-insurance/ Colorado] (March 2013)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2013/12/31/connecticut-becomes-fifth-state-require-transgender-medical-coverage Connecticut] (December 2013)
* [http://www.aidschicago.org/illinois-news/915-illinois-advocates-hail-great-first-step-to-end-discrimination-against-transgender-individuals-in-health-insurance-coverage Illinois] (July 2014)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/06/23/trans-residents-celebrate-monumental-health-care-ruling-mass Massachusetts] (June 2014)
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/nyregion/in-new-york-insurance-must-cover-sex-changes-cuomo-says.html?_r=0 New York] (December 2014)
* [http://www.basicrights.org/featured/historic-news-oregon-removes-barriers-to-transition-related-care/ Oregon] (January 2013)
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/7506 Vermont] (April 2013)
* [http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/10537 Washington] state (June 2014)
* [http://mayor.dc.gov/release/mayor-gray-announces-steps-protect-glbt-community-discrimination-health-care Washington D.C.] (February 2014)

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) maintains a list of health insurance companies and their relevant policies: "[http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/finding-insurance-for-transgender-related-healthcare Finding Insurance For Transgender Related Health Care]."

However, even with coverage, many insurance companies will misgender clients on ID cards, websites, and in promotional mailings (such as those offering a discount for getting a certain medical procedure).

Many medical records use M or F markers and contain all aliases, and even in trans-centric places like the Lyon-Martin Clinic, paperwork is labeled by legal gender marker and a (T) for transgender when applicable. These markers and names often print on medical ID bracelets, including emergency rooms, hospitals, and in-patient psychiatric wards. At least one hospital, Sutter General in West Oakland, is willing to prevent deadnames from printing to ID bracelets upon formal request through the patient complaint customer service phone line; however, it was not willing to remove the gender marker.

Additionally, even without medical records, ambulances and hospitals tend to pick a gender marker based on how they interpret a person to look, without asking. And even in emergency rooms with a fill-in-the-blank option for gender, staff and records tend to completely ignore this altogether.

===Blood donation===
The American Red Cross Blood Services does not ban transgender or nonbinary people from donating blood/platelets/etc, and they recognize the existence of various nonbinary genders. However, donors must self-identify themselves as either male or female; this is required by the FDA.<ref name="redcross">{{Cite web |title=LGBTQ+ Donors |author= |work=redcrossblood.org |date= |access-date=6 June 2020 |url= https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/eligibility-requirements/lgbtq-donors.html}}</ref>

==Shopping==

Supermarkets, stores, and other kinds of shopping in the USA. ''Please add to this section.''

==Utilities==

Utilities such as power, gas, electricity, water, and communications. ''Please add to this section.''

==Veterinary==

Animal and pet clinics and hospitals. ''Please add to this section.''

==Websites==

Websites and online services specific to the USA, other than those listed elsewhere on this page. Otherwise, see [[websites and social networks]], which is international. ''Please add to this section.''

==See also==
* [[Recognition (Canada)]]
* [[Recognition (UK)]]

==External links==
* [http://www.intersexrecognition.org/home.html Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project] "is the only legal organization in the United States addressing the right of non-binary adults to gender-self-identify on legal documents. [...] IGRP's goal is to allow non-binary adults to self-identify as something other than male or female on their driver’s license, passport, and other government issued identification."
* [https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/identity_document_laws/ Movement Advancement Project: Identity Document Laws and Policies]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Practical resources by country]]
[[Category:Recognition]]
[[Category:USA]]