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This page will be a list of academic articles concerning [[nonbinary gender]].

==Feminism/Queer Theory==

*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150306042759/http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v101/n1/abs/fr201153a.html Trans- bodies in/of war(s): cisprivilege and contemporary security strategy]'' - [https://web.archive.org/web/20170712084708/https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-laura-shepherd Shepard, L.J.] & [https://web.archive.org/web/20170608230315/http://polisci.ufl.edu/laura-sjoberg/ Sjoberg, L.], 2012.
::;Summary:
<blockquote>The authors discuss [[genderqueer]] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20170707025952/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Transgender trans*] invisibility in traditional historical narratives. This invisibility is then contrasted with the 'hypervisibility' thrust upon trans* and genderqueer people when they are subjected to security searches based on a system of binary gender.</blockquote>

::;Key Points:
::*Various historical figures have expressed signs of gender fluidity, including Edward Hyde, the first Colonial Governor of New York, who "frequently appeared in public wearing women's clothing", and Captain John Robbins, a British military officer in colonial Maine, who "had both a brilliant war record and a desire to dress in fine dresses and gowns".
::*Despite this, genderqueer and trans* people have historically been assumed to make up a minority, and have typically only been mentioned in the context of deceiving others (for example, female-bodied people who 'pretended to be men' in order to join the military in various wars).
::*This historical invisibility is a major factor in perpetuating [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisgender_privilege cisgender privilege]. As a result of this privilege, genderqueer bodies are rarely taken into account in studies of security.
::*The use of full-body scanners at airports, along with passports that assume binary gender, leads to a "hypervisibility" of genderqueer and trans* bodies in which they are scrutinised in a negative manner. Security systems based on binary gender further feed into the societal perception of trans* people as 'dishonest', or 'pretending' to be of different sex, as well as leading to increased with of transphobic harassment and suspicion.
::*The authors emphasise the importance of discussing these issues as part of a wider deconstruction of cisgender privilege:
::<blockquote>"If it is analytically and conceptually productive to see transphobic violence as the violent reproduction of a stable sex/gender system that ‘naturally’ privileges cisgender performances because such performances are associated with normality and safety and trans- performances are associated with danger and discomfort, it then becomes possible to ask questions about the ways that trans-in(/hyper)visibility, cisprivilege and a regulative, exclusionary ontopolitical social order are violently reproduced in inter/transnational relations."</blockquote>

::'''Published In:''' ''[http://www.feminist-review.com/ Feminist Review]''

::'''Access:''' Institutional login available

*''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01045.x/abstract;jsessionid=2DF9E5BDC51183501A59627A8135314D.f03t03 Resisting Definition: Gendering through Interaction and Relational Selfhood]'' - [http://alexisshotwell.com/ Shotwell, A.] & [https://web.archive.org/web/20170705175501/http://wgss.artsci.wustl.edu/people/trevor-sangrey Sangrey, T.], 2009.
::;Summary:
<blockquote>Discussion of the ways in which awareness of genderqueer and trans* people cause others to question their own [https://web.archive.org/web/20161203134242/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Gender_identity gender identities]. Also highlights various archetypes and misconceptions that tend to be used in discourse about trans* and genderqueer issues, and discusses points for and against the use of the word 'cisgender' to describe non-trans* people.</blockquote>
::;Key Points:
::*Awareness of trans* and genderqueer people affects the development of other people's gender identities.
::*Feminist discussions, as well as those in other academic and activist spaces, tend to focus on trans* and genderqueer people as either a generalised 'gender menace' or the opposite - a 'gender salvation'.
::*Discussion of trans* people often use a narrow understanding of gender that prioritises dominant social identities, and objectifies trans* individuals as abstract representations of how to think about gender relations:
:::*Trans* identities are frequently medicalised, and lived experiences are overlooked.
:::*Anti-trans* narratives often include implications of delusion (e.g. the "fifty-year-old man in a dress"; the "teen who thinks she's trans*").
::::*Genderqueers and trans* men tend to be portrayed as a form of 'masculinist' "social climbing"; a symptom of 'patriarchy-induced false consciousness'.
::::*Trans* women are often framed as men attempting to infiltrate women's spaces.
::::*There is a tendency to treat trans* people as a 'threat', which centres the discussion on how to police gender boundaries, rather than on how to oppose gendered violence. Gendered oppression is made the only thing that matters, making white cis women more comfortable, whilst pushing out women who are 'othered'.
::*[[Eli Clare]] (2007) argues that "transness" is not an individual, curable medical problem, but a broader societal issue stemming from society's refusal to accept a diverse range of body types and expressions of gender.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091113020853/http://eliclare.com/what-eli-offers/lectures/shame-pride Excerpt from "Body Shame, Body Pride: Lessons from the Disability Rights Movement"] (2007) [Access date: 22/03/2020], through the Wayback Machine.</ref>
::*Certain feminists (e.g. [http://uppitybiscuit.wordpress.com/2007/01/19/do-not-call-me-cisgender-you-do-not-have-my-permission-to-name-me/ Uppity Biscuit, 2007)] have expressed anger about the use of the word 'cisgender' to 'oppress' non-trans women - the authors cite this as an example of policing of gender boundaries, as well as an example of how gender transgression motivates non-trans* people to examine their own gender identities.
:::*Uppity Biscuit (2007) argues that since 'cisgender' is not a name women have taken on for themselves, trans* people are forcibly renaming women in a way that she claims is homologous to the way in which women are oppressed by the patriarchy.
:::*Proponents of the term argue that 'cisgender' as a concept is a useful tool to point out that gender is experienced differently by non-trans* women than by trans* women.
:::*The idea is discussed that the existence of trans* people "creates non-trans people as something new". Non-trans* women have been placed in relationship to trans* women, causing them to question what it means to identify and be identified, as a woman.
::*The authors propose that feminists could instead take a relational view of gender, in terms of how trans* people can affect and change the meaning of gender for non-trans* people.
:::*Gender is formed partially through interactions with others.
:::*The anxieties and desires projected onto trans* identity by non-trans* people should be examined in terms of the *projector's* identity.
:::*Self-identification is, at its heart, a kind of relationality that is constantly in flux; it begins with the identity a person chooses, but this choice is never separate from the various other factors that influence self-formation.
:::* Idea of self-identification as a narrative which allows, for example, a woman to still identify as a lesbian if their FAAB partner transitions, because of narrative context.
::'''Published In:''' ''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1527-2001 Hypatia-a Journal of Feminist Philosophy]''
::'''Access:''' Institutional login available

==Psychology==

*''[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2013.830640 Queering gender: studying gender identity in 'normative' individuals]'' - [http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Joel%2C+D Joel, D.], [http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Tarrasch%2C+R Tarrasch, R.], [http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Berman%2C+Z Berman, Z.], [http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Mukamel%2C+M Mukamel, M.], & [http://www.tandfonline.com/author/Ziv%2C+E Ziv, E.], 2014.

::;Summary:
<blockquote>An online survey was carried out to assess gender identity, gender dysphoria, and gender performance in both 'normative' men and women and "queers" (people who self-described as either transgender or "other") in Israel. The questionnaire used - the Multi-Gender Identity Questionnaire, or Multi-GIQ - was newly constructed (although it was based on existing measures), and was designed to measure different degrees of multiple genders ('man', 'woman', 'both' and 'neither') existing within the same individual. The findings were compared to a student sample, also in Israel, in order to discern whether findings might generalise to the rest of the country's population. Sexual orientation was also assessed in both samples.</blockquote>

::;Key Findings:
::*"Feeling as a man" and "Feeling as a woman" were negatively correlated. Self-described men felt more like men than women did, and vice versa; "queers" scored in-between.
::*Some men felt more like a woman than some women, and vice versa.
::*33% of men, 33% of women, and 76% of "queers" felt both like a man and a woman to some degree. Many "queers" felt an equal degree of identification with 'man' and 'woman', whereas most women felt more like a woman than a man (and vice versa).
::*On average, "queers" were more likely to "experience themselves as two genders" (either feeling more like a man some days and more like a woman on others, or feeling somewhere in-between, or a combination of the two) than men and women.
::*No differences were found between heterosexual men and women.
::*Homosexual and bisexual people felt more like the 'other' gender, more like 'two genders', and more like 'belonging to neither gender' than heterosexual people (though "queers" were not included in this comparison, due to a lack of heterosexual "queer" participants).
::*Homosexual and bisexual women felt less like their affirmed gender than heterosexual women. This difference was not found in men.
::*The more a participant "felt as" one gender, the more they felt affirmed in that gender or wished to be that gender, and the less they felt content as or wished to be the 'other' gender.
::*"Feeling as two genders" and "Feeling as no gender" was positively correlated with the wish to be the 'other' gender, and negatively correlated with being content with the affirmed gender.
::*"Queers" disliked their bodies (Assessed using statements such as: "I disliked my male body"/"I dislike my female body") more than men and women did. No relationship was found between sexual orientation and discomfort with one's body.
::*"Queers" saw gender as performative more than men and women did; women saw gender as performative more than men did. Homosexual and bisexual people saw gender as performative more than heterosexual people did.
::*Men were more compliant with gender expectations relating to language and dress than women; both were more compliant than "queers". Heterosexual people were also more compliant than homosexual and bisexual people. For dress, this difference was larger for women, and for language, the difference was larger for men.
::*"Normative" participants also scored more highly than expected on items relating to gender dysphoria: 36.6% of "non-queers" said they sometimes feel like the 'other' gender (with 24% giving scores above 1), 63.7% sometimes wished to be the 'other' gender (and 34% above 1), 49% did not always wear clothes 'appropriate' to their sex (26% below 3) and 41.9% were sometimes discontent with their sexed body (52% above 1).
::*Analysis of the student sample found similar results to the online sample (but there are some caveats - see 'Limitations').

::;Limitations:
::*Neither sample was random. The similar findings between the two samples indicate that the findings may be generalisable, but the student sample was itself not very representative, containing too few men, "queers", homosexual people and bisexual people for comparisons to be made with the main sample regarding those groups. Therefore, the only comparisons made between the two samples were those concerning heterosexual women.
::*Bisexual and homosexual participants were grouped together, as were transgender and "other" participants; future research should use larger sample sizes to examine the gender identities of these groups separately.
::*All participants were Israeli, and most were Jewish; findings may therefore not generalise to other ethnicities and cultures.
::*The questionnaire, though it did try to assess non-binary experience, did so by asking questions about 'feeling as a man' and 'feeling as a woman', and did not assess "quality or content" of experiences of gender. Therefore, they could only assess aspects of gender identity that are defined by degrees of 'maleness' and 'femaleness'. However, this did enable the researchers to reach out to normative individuals who might not have engaged with the survey had it used more "queer" phrasing.
::*Since the questionnaire, and this study of gender identity as both man and woman in 'normative' individuals is novel, the convergent and predictive validity of the Multi-GIQ could not be demonstrated. However, comparing results with studies that contained some, though not all, relevant measures showed similar results. Also, the Multi-GIQ should have content validity, as it was heavily based on questionnaires used commonly to assess gender identity and dysphoria regarding a single gender identity. Furthermore, the study found predicted differences in gender identity between men and women, and between self-identified trans people and self-identified men and women.

::;Implications for Future Research:
::*The negative correlation between 'feeling as a man' and 'feeling as a woman' was not as high as would be expected if 'man' and 'woman' are opposing poles. The results instead support theories which view masculinity and femininity as separate, independent attributes.
::*Sexual orientation was more related to feelings of the 'other' gender than as one's affirmed gender. This supports a non-binary model of gender, in which an individual can have feelings of the 'other' gender without reducing their feelings of being their affirmed gender.
::*Since a large proportion of "normative" participants experienced gender in a more complex way than the binary model would suggest, the authors "call for a new conceptualisation of gender identity, which emphasises and celebrates multiplicity and fluidity in the experience of gender identity."
::*Since even "normative" individuals scored highly on items that had previously been used to measure gender dysphoria, the authors concluded that only discontent with one's sexed body, "which is by its very definition dysphoric", should be considered a sign of gender dysphoria - the rest are part of a normal and complex gender experience.
::*Correlations between sexual orientation and gender identity, where they were found, were small, and do not support the idea that "the heterosexual-homosexual binary constitutes, stabilises and naturalises the male-female binary".

::'''Published in:''' ''[http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rpse20#.VgKxnctViko Psychology and Sexuality]''

::'''Access:''' Institutional login required.

*''[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10508-013-0099-8 Suicide Protective Factors Among Trans Adults]'' - Moody, C. & [http://voyager.coe.uh.edu/dir/faculty_template.cfm?id=641 Smith, N. G.], 2013.

::;Summary:
<blockquote>An online survey of trans* and nonbinary adults was conducted. Participants were given a battery of questionnaires to assess Optimism, Perceived Social Support, Suicide Resilience, Reasons for Living, and Suicidal Behaviour. Regression analysis was used to determine which factors were predictive of lower suicidal behaviour.</blockquote>

::;Key Findings:
::*When asked about gender identity, 11.3% of participants answered under 'other' (identifying variously as: 'on the MTF/FTM spectrum'; 'genderqueer'; 'two-spirit'; '[[androgyne]]'; 'gender blender'; '[[bigender]]'; 'polygender/pangender'; 'Ft other'; 'gender bent'; '[[third gender]]'; or 'gender fucker').
::*Perceived social support from family, emotional stability, and child-related concerns as a reason for living were all found to be suicide protective factors. These have previously been found to function as protective factors in cisgender individuals.

::;Limitations:
::*Causal relationships cannot be assumed since cross-sectional data were used.
::*No comparison group was used.
::*The sample size was relatively small (133 participants).
::*Participation was limited to users of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LISTSERV LISTSERVs] through which the survey was distributed.
::*Since risk factors were not assessed, the mediating effects of the protective factors could not be analysed.
::*This was the first time these measures had been used in a trans*-only population; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(psychometrics) reliability] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_validity validity] have yet to be assessed for this population.

::;Implications for Future Research:
::*Future models should take both risk factors and protective factors into account.
::*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_study Longitudinal designs] should be considered, although these may be unethical in practice.
::*Within-group differences need to be assessed; protective factors may differ between binary and nonbinary trans* people, between FAAB and MAAB individuals, and/or between trans* people of different racial backgrounds.
::*Protective factors that were not included in this study should also be explored.

::'''Published In:''' ''[http://link.springer.com/journal/10508 Archives of Sexual Behaviour]''

::'''Access:''' Open Access

::'''Content Note:''' Suicide.

==Neuroscience==

*''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030698771200062X Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex]'' - [http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Laura_Case2 Case, L.K.] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayanur_S._Ramachandran Ramachandran, V.S.], 2012.

::;Summary:
<blockquote>An online survey of 32 [[bigender]] individuals was conducted. Questions concerned whether they had ever been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, whether or not they could predict their cycles in gender, how often they switched between genders, and whether or not they experienced the sensation of 'phantom' breasts or genitalia that cycled along with gender.</blockquote>

::;Key Findings:
::*A higher than expected rate of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder bipolar disorder] was found among participants; however, this was not sufficient to explain experiences of cycling gender, nor was any other psychiatric disorder.
::*10 of 32 participants reported that their switches were predictable.
::*Of those surveyed, 14 switched daily, or multiple times a day; 9 switched weekly or several times a week; 6 switched monthly or several times a month; and 3 switched several times a year.
::*21 of 32 participants reported experiencing phantom body parts that matched their current gender state.

::;Limitations:
::*There is currently no evidence for or against the theories proposed here; this paper appears to be the first formal scientific investigation of bigender identity, and as a result, the discussion section is highly speculative.

::;Implications for Future Research:
::*The authors propose several speculative theories of a neurological basis for bigender identity (or 'alternating gender incongruity', as they refer to it):
:::*Bigender people may have unusually amplified functional [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateralization_of_brain_function hemispheric dominance] patterns; cycling of dominance between hemispheres may lead to the alternate expression of cognitions and emotions that are traditionally considered to be 'male' or 'female'.
:::*Alternatively, these alternating patterns of hemispheric dominance may lead to different patterns of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system sympathetic] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system parasympathetic nervous system] control, which in turn could result in different patterns of emotional reactivity.
:::*Bigender people may have atypical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_cortex somatosensory body maps], resulting in two or more differently gendered body maps that vie for sensory input.
:::*Bigender identity could also be a result of a combination of these causes.
::*More broadly speaking, they acknowledge that there are many levels at which gender and sex can differ - including chromosomes, physical morphology, body image, and "sense of being a man or woman in society" - and that differences in any one of these could underlie a trans* or nonbinary gender identity.
::*The authors also wonder whether alternation of gender states might reflect changes in hormone profiles.

::'''Published In:''' ''[http://www.journals.elsevier.com/medical-hypotheses/ Medical Hypotheses]''

::'''Access:''' Institutional login available

::'''Content Note:''' Contains some problematic language (medicalisation of bigender indentity).

*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170601162157/http://avitale.com/etiologicalreview.htm Current Thinking on the Etiology of Gender Dysphoria]'' - [http://www.avitale.com/ Vitale, A.], 2011.

::;Summary:
<blockquote>A very brief review of the evidence for a neurological basis for [[gender dysphoria]], and some informed but speculative discussion of how this neurological basis might emerge during [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_development fetal development]. The specific findings discussed involve binary trans* participants, but they are potentially relevant to anyone who experiences gender dysphoria.</blockquote>

::;Key Points:
::*There is evidence to suggest that, in the brains of transsexual women, the[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis#Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis bed nucleus of the stria terminalis] (aka BSTc; a region which differs in size between cisgender males and females) is sized within the range typically found in cisgender females.
::*Evidence also shows that, for transsexual women, the number of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatostatin somatostatin]-expressing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron neurons] in this region of the brain is within the range expected of cisgender females. Conversely, for transsexual men, the number of somatostatin-expressing neurons in this area was more similar to the range found in cisgender males.
::*These findings support the idea that, in people who experience gender dysphoria, the sex characteristics of the brain may be incongruent with other sex characteristics.
::*The development of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism sexual dimorphism] in utero is highly complex, and there are many stages at which one or many aspects of an individual's sex may become incongruent with the rest:
<blockquote>"Once in the fetal brain, testosterone is either metabolized into dihydrotestosterone by an enzyme named 5 alpha reductase or converted to estradiol by an enzyme called aromatase. Counterintuitively, increased estrogen receptor activation is responsible for defeminization while increased androgen receptor activation seems to be responsible for masculinization. All this makes clear that there is nothing straightforward about an individual being born with a gender identity that matches their biological sex."</blockquote>
::*For an individual's brain to develop with a representation of their body as predominantly male, they must not only be exposed to sufficient [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone testosterone], but this testosterone must also be released with the correct timing, as there is a relatively short time frame in which the brain is susceptible to defeminisation. If this does not occur, the gender map may be "partially imprinted as male". Possible causes of disruption include disorder in the mother's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system endocrine system], maternal stress, medication, or potentially other substances and/or adverse events. Female gender is less complex to produce, but still potentially vulnerable to disruption.
::*"Gender identity, far from being absolute, appears to occur on a continuum, with most people gathered at either end, the rest being somewhere in between. Feelings of discomfort or complete inappropriateness about one's assigned sex do not mean the individual is wrong or ill. It simply means that the assignment made at birth almost universally on the shape of one's genitals can, on occasion, differ from the unseen brain imprint."

::;Limitations:
::*Only two studies were cited in support of points relating to the BSTc.
::*The samples used in these studies were very small, and there was considerable overlap in the participants used in the two studies.
::*Both studies examined postmortem brains, and the majority of trans* participants had been on hormone replacement therapy during their lifetimes. Findings relating to the BSTc may, therefore, have been due to hormone use rather than an innate marker of gender dysphoria.
:::*The authors did attempt to control for this by including a control group of cisgender males with hormonal disorders; however, this control sample was also very small, consisting of only two brains.
::*Only a single transsexual man was studied, so firm conclusions about the brains of transsexual men cannot be drawn from the study described.
::*The discussion of fetal development is purely speculative; no research is cited to support the idea that a neural correlate of gender identity develops in the womb.

::'''Published In:''' ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708040718/http://www.thegenderedself.com/ The Gendered Self ''by Anne Vitale'']''

::'''Access:''' Introduction available as a free download; full book available for purchase in physical and ebook formats.

==Law==

===United States===
*''[http://transgenderlawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Contesting-Sex-Classification-The-Need-for-Genderqueers-as-a-Cognizable-Class.pdf Contesting Sex Classification: The Need for Genderqueers as a Cognizable Class]'' - [http://members.calbar.ca.gov/fal/Member/Detail/296964 Meerkamper, S.T.], 2013.

::;Summary:
<blockquote>A discussion of the need for genderqueer people to be recognised as a distinct, legally protected class, and the possible benefits this could yield for society in general. First-person accounts from genderqueer individuals are used to illustrate what it means to be genderqueer. The paper goes on to outline definitions of 'genderqueer', statistics that highlight unique challenges faced by genderqueer people with regard to discrimination, and arguments that could be used to refute the perceived need for classification based on binary sex.</blockquote>

::;Key Points:
::*Genderqueer identity has largely been ignored by U.S. law; the word 'genderqueer' is often instead used to refer to a political movement to challenge gender roles. Genderqueer people are sometimes included under the wider definition of 'transgender', but this can serve to erase genderqueer identity from consideration.
::*Two definitions of genderqueer should be considered:
:::*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Practicing_Law_Institute Practicing Law Institute's] existing definition of 'genderqueer' as a “term for people who challenge the binary gender system of femininity/masculinity; often used because of its subversiveness/overtly political/activist aspects; incorporates ideas from gender theory into personal identity.”
:::*A definition of 'genderqueer' as a distinct identity: <blockquote>““Genderqueer” refers to those who do not (or do not always) identify as either a woman or a man. Some who consider themselves genderqueer may identify as a man one day and a woman the next. Others identify as neither man nor woman, seeing themselves as between or beyond genders. Some reject gendered pronouns, preferring to be referred to as “they,” or “ze” (a recently created, gender-neutral pronoun) or simply by their name.”</blockquote>
::*Legal protection for genderqueer people would likely make it easier for binary trans* people to seek legal protection, as a system that is already accustomed to removing a gender marker should also have little changing one from 'M' to 'F' or vice versa.
::*Accepting genderqueer people under the law would also be an admittance that gender is fluid and constructed, which may lead to the reduced medicalisation of trans* identities and wider acceptance of less rigid attitudes toward gender.
::*Genderqueer people may face bias in the courts due to their (statistically) younger age, which may contribute to a perception of them being 'confused', 'going through a phase', or threatening the status quo with radical views.
::*90% of genderqueer people surveyed report an experience of verbal harassment in the workplace, barriers to advancement, and pervasive fear of these outcomes.
::*US federal law likely already protects genderqueer people, due to language that focuses on 'gender identity' and 'gender expression', rather than transition.
:::*For example, the latest proposed version (at the time of the paper's publication) of the federal [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment_Non-Discrimination_Act Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)] defines gender identity as “the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual’s designated sex at birth.”
:::*However, employers are often unaware of this, and may discriminate despite the law. This may mean that employers who do discriminate against genderqueer people will take fewer precautions to cover themselves, making it easier for plaintiffs to build a case against them.
::*Most state laws also implicitly include genderqueer people, by protecting “gender-related identity, appearance, expression, or behavior of an individual, regardless of the individual’s assigned sex at birth.”
:::*Exceptions:
::::*New Mexico's definition of gender identity as "a person's self-perception, or perception of that person by another, of the person's identity as a male or female based upon the person's appearance, behaviour or physical characteristics that are in accord with or opposed to the person's physical anatomy, chromosomal sex or sex at birth"
::::*Minnesota's state laws describe being trans* as " “having or being perceived as having a self-image or identity not traditionally associated with one’s biological maleness or femaleness”.
::::*Colorado makes the distinction between gender identity (“an innate sense of one’s own gender”) and gender expression (“external appearance, characteristics or behaviors typically associated with a specific gender”). Laws concerning [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_harassment#Sexual_orientation_discrimination "sexual orientation harassment"] include deliberate misuse of pronouns and names.
::*At the time this paper was published, the latest proposed version of the ENDA defined gender identity as “the gender-related identity, appearance, or mannerisms or other gender-related characteristics of an individual, with or without regard to the individual’s designated sex at birth.” This further clarifies the inclusion of genderqueers under the law, though it may be unintentional.
::*Arguments for genderqueer inclusion from the standpoint of equal protection:
:::*Gender classifications are reviewed under the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause Equal Protection Clause] using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_scrutiny 'intermediate scrutiny'] standard - any act of discrimination based on gender by the state must be justified with benefits to an important state interest.
:::*There is precedent to show that laws based on gender stereotypes should not be upheld - see the case of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_v._Boren Craig v. Boren], in which law would have allowed women to legally buy beer at a younger age than men, as men were caught drunk driving more often. The law was not upheld, as it was felt that differential treatment of the genders played a role in women having fewer opportunities to drive when drunk.
:::*There is also precedent that perceived 'inherent differences' between genders are not enough to justify discriminatory law - see the case of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Virginia United States v. Virginia], in which the Virginia Military Institute banned female students, as they were not considered physically or mentally tough enough to withstand training. The law was not upheld.
:::*It could be argued that the idea that there are only 'men' and 'women', and that gender does not differ from sex assigned at birth, is in itself a stereotype and a presumed inherent difference between sexes. Therefore, this idea alone should not be enough to justify a binary sex classification system.
:::*Binary sex classification is also arguably irrelevant to important state interests, as sex classification does not affect a person's privileges for travel in the US and often does not relate to their gender expression for the purposes of identification.
::*Arguments from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_process due process]:
:::*The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Due_Process_Clause Due Process Clause] protects “personal decisions relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships, child rearing, and education.” There is a precedent for this clause being used to affirm the right to an abortion and undermine ant-gay sodomy laws.
:::*Since US family life is still much defined by traditional gender roles, and the right to marry is based on the genders of the partners who wish to marry, gender is clearly linked to these personal decisions. The clause has also been described by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States Supreme Court] as protecting 'the right to define one's own concept of existence', and gender could arguably be included in that concept.
:::*Genderqueer people could, therefore, make the case that they should be free to define their own gender without intervention by the state in the form of binary classification.
::*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution First Amendement] arguments:
:::*The First Amendment prohibits 'state-compelled speech', particularly that which conveys an 'ideological message'. There is a precedent for this being used to justify refusal to display passive, state-issued messages (e.g. citizens removing the New Hampshire state motto, "Live Free or Die", from their license plate, because they disagreed with said motto).
:::*To some extent, presenting and/or identifying as genderqueer is an ideological decision, and genderqueer people should not be forced to affirm the idea that gender is binary and tied to sex every time they present documentation.
::'''Published in:''' [http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/dukeminier-awards-journal/ The Dukeminier Awards Journal]
::'''Access:''' Open Access.

==Policy/Statistics==

===United States===

*''[http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213#page-1 A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey]'' - Harrison, J., [https://www.linkedin.com/pub/jaime-grant/8/759/2b4 Grant, J.], & [http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/experts/jody-herman/jody-l-herman/ Herman, J.L.], 2012.

::;'''Summary''':
<blockquote>An analysis of data from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210044/http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/national-transgender-discrimination-survey-full-report 2008 National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS)], by [http://www.thetaskforce.org/ the National LGBTQ Task Force] and [http://transequality.org/ the National Center for Transgender Equality] in the US, which surveyed 6450 trans and gender non-conforming participants over the course of six months. The study included two questions about gender identity, one of which provided an 'A gender not listed here' (GNL) option, with an open text field to specify. This analysis focuses on respondents who described their gender identity as GNL (a total of 860 participants, 13% of the sample), and their experiences of discrimination, harassment and abuse compared to non-GNL respondents and the total sample.</blockquote>

::;'''Introductory Note''': Since this paper is freely available at the link above, in the interest of brevity I will not be reporting all exact statistics here; please refer to the original paper for specifics.

::;'''Key Findings''':
::* A variety of gender identity labels were submitted by GNL respondents, including:
:::*'[[Genderqueer]]' or 'queer' (42% of GNLs; 6% of the total sample)
:::*'Both', 'either', 'neither', 'in-between', or 'non-binary' (9% of GNLs)
:::*'Androgynous' or 'blended' (8% of GNLs)
:::*'Non-gendered', 'gender is a performance', or 'gender does not exist' (3% of GNLs)
:::*'Fluid' (2% of GNLs)
:::*'Two-spirit' (2% of GNLs)
:::*'Bi-gender', 'Tri-gender', or 'third gender' (2% of GNLs)
:::*'Genderfuck', 'rebel', or 'radical' (1% of GNLs)
:::* A variety of unique responses, including: '[[Birl]]'; 'Jest me';'Skaneelog'; 'Twidget'; '[[Neutrois]]'; 'OtherWise'; 'gendertreyf'; 'trannydyke'; 'genderqueer wombat fantastica'; 'Best of Both'; '[[List of uncommon nonbinary identities#G|gender blur]]'; and 'transgenderist'.
:::*Some responses for which the frequency was not reported, including: '[[Pangender]]'; 'Hybrid'; 'Mahuwahine'; and '[[Butch|Aggressive]]'. It is unclear from the report whether these were folded into other categories above for the purpose of producing statistics.
::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to be [[Assigned_gender_at_birth|FAAB]]. They were also more likely, to be under 45, and/or to be multiracial, Black, or Asian. They were less likely than non-GNLs to be White or Latinx. In addition, GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to live in California, the Northeast, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the West (including Alaska and Hawaii), and less likely to live in the Midwest and South.
::*GNLs had higher educational attainment than non-GNLs, but were more likely to live in extreme poverty - though this may be because they were, on the whole, younger than non-GNLs.
::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to have experienced harassment and sexual assault at school; they were also more likely to have experienced physical and/or sexual assault as adults. In addition, GNLs were more likely to have worked in an underground economy, postponed medical treatment for fear of discrimination, and/or attempted suicide, and were more likely to be uncomfortable with going to the police for help. Finally, they were also more likely to be HIV positive or of unknown HIV status, and more likely to be unemployed. To summarise, contrary to common perception, GNLs had experienced abuse, harassment, and discrimination at higher rates than non-GNLs.
::*GNLs were less likely than non-GNLs to have lost their job, and/or had medical treatment denied, as a result of transphobia.
::;'''Implications for Future Research''':
::*Including non-binary gender options in future surveys may be necessary in order to observe the "unique demographic patterns" and "distinct experiences of discrimination" present in non-binary/GNL people.
::*Future researchers should further explore the identities and experiences of genderqueer people, both by examining these data more closely and by designing novel studies.
::*In addition to the gender question focused on by this study, the survey included an additional question asking participants to choose as many identity labels as applied to them from a list, including 'Transgender', 'FTM', 'MTF', 'Genderqueer', and many others. Answers to this question have not yet (at time of publication) been investigated in detail, but appear to differ considerably from those given by GNLs; more research is required to explore the answers to this question.
::*Further research is needed to make up for the statistical limitations of this study (see below).
::;'''Limitations''':
::*In addition to the 'GNL' option and binary male and female answers, the gender question examined here also provided an option for "Part time as one gender, part time as another", which was chosen by 20% of respondents. This wording could conceivably cover genderfluid and bigender identities, meaning that there have been more non-binary respondents to the survey than were examined by this study.
::*The statistical test used - Pearson's chi-squared - only produces generalisable results when applied to a random population, which this was not. In addition, the non-random nature of the study may have compromised the test's ability to find statistical significance. '''The findings of this study should therefore not be taken as read, but instead, be used to provide hypotheses for more in-depth research.'''
::;'''Published in''': [https://web.archive.org/web/20170725053531/http://www.hkslgbtq.com/ The LGBTQ Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School]
::;'''Access''': Open Access
::;'''Content Note''': Contains mention of sexual and physical assault and suicide.

[[Category:Visibility]]

Neutral names starting with C

2026-06-14T01:36:05Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=c}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with C''', continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. Nonbinary people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with the letter C include Carey and Chris. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with C, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with B]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with D]].

== The list ==
'''Cache'''. Pronounced "cash". American English. A modern name meaning "A storage place, a safe hiding place, something hidden, or short-term computer memory" in English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/cache [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604132503/https://babynames.com/name/cache Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cache [https://web.archive.org/web/20230705194338/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cache Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US Social Security Administration (SSA) data shows about 153 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 59% of the time, so it is very gender neutral.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CACHE/index.html</ref> Keywords: modern, mysterious, neutral inclined, one syllable, secret, technology, very rare.

'''Caelan'''. 1. Irish Gaelic. From the Irish Gaelic name Caolán. Various meanings, most commonly "slender", "child", and "powerful warrior." <ref><nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caelan</nowiki></ref> 2. Old Welsh. From "cae," meaning "field," (pronounced kaee or gaee) and "llan/lan," meaning a community or town associated with a landmark. So Caelan/Caellan has the literal translation of "from the town by the field." Changing the spelling completely changes the meaning of the name. For example, "cai" (pronounced kay) means to rejoice in victory, and "lyn" means by water. <ref><nowiki>http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/boy/caelan</nowiki></ref> 3. Scottish. "People of victory." <ref><nowiki>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Caelan</nowiki></ref> 4. English. Anglicized form of Irish masculine name Caolán ("slender," with diminutive suffix) or Irish feminine name Caoilfhionn ("slender and fair") <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/caelan [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809131751/https://www.behindthename.com/name/caelan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 51 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAELAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: appearance, community, competition, extraordinary, nature, water, war.

'''Cagney'''. Gaelic, Irish. 1. Meaning "tribute." <ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Cagney#similar [https://web.archive.org/web/20221026201127/https://nameberry.com/babyname/cagney Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. From the Gaelic surname Ó Caingne, meaning "grandson or descendant of advocate." From caingean, meaning "legal dispute." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagney [https://web.archive.org/web/20230307054134/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagney Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 204 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAGNEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: ancestors, law, lineage, neutral inclined, two syllables, very rare.

'''Cai'''. 1. Chinese. Meaning "colourful" or "wealthy." 2. Vietnamese. Meaning "feminine." 3. Latin, Welsh. Meaning "rejoice." Short form of Caius. 4. Wolof (dialect of Senegal and The Gambia). Meaning "come." <ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/cai [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401111554/https://babynames.com/name/cai Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/cai [https://web.archive.org/web/20210924055629/https://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/cai Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Caius [https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174807/https://nameberry.com/babyname/caius Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 5. English, Welsh. Masculine. Sir Kay (English) or Cai (Welsh) is Arthur's brother in Arthurian legend.<ref>https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cai/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206014907/https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cai/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cai-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122224049/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cai-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kay-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602173211/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kay-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cai-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323194701/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cai-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,108 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170529122132/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: appearance, Arthurian legend, celebration, emotions, knights, magic, money, one syllable, uncommon, wealth.

'''Cailean'''. Scottish. Pronounced CAL-lan. Traditionally masculine. Possibly meaning "whelp, young dog, pup, cub," "child," "triumphant in battle," "virile," or even a form of the Late Roman name Columba, meaning "a dove." This name is sometimes anglicized as '''Colin'''.<ref>https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cailean/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220811053019/https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cailean/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Cailean [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530111602/https://nameberry.com/babyname/cailean Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cailean [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011549/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cailean Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/columba [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629165443/https://www.behindthename.com/name/columba Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /><ref name="EllefsonBook">Connie Ellefson. ''A Genealogist's Guide to Ethnic Names A Reference for First Names from Around the World.'' Cincinnati, Ohio: Family Tree, 2012.</ref> US SSA data shows about 60 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 76% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAILEAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: animals, children, extraordinary, nature, religion, spirituality, two syllables, war.

'''Cairo'''. English. A modern name, from the place name, the capital and largest city in Egypt, Cairo. From ''al-Qahirah'' (القاهرة), meaning "The victorious" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.thebump.com/b/cairo-baby-name [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603093454/https://www.thebump.com/b/cairo-baby-name Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cairo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230503200150/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cairo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 204 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAIRO/index.html</ref> Keywords: battle, competition, geography, masculine inclined, places, two syllables, very rare, war.

'''Cam'''. 1. English. Gender neutral or masculine. Short form of Cameron (which see), meaning "crooked nose" in Gaelic. 2. Vietnamese. Feminine. Meaning "Orange fruit."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cam-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329132143/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cam-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 3. Short for other names starting with Cam.<ref>https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cam/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221107193625/https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cam/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cam-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011549/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cam-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 9,194 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAM/index.html</ref> Keywords: appearance, food, masculine inclined, one syllable, uncommon.

'''Cameo'''. 1. Italian. Meaning "small, but perfectly formed,"<ref>https://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-cameo-53485.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20211022002658/https://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-cameo-53485.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> "sculpted jewel," or "a stone or shell carved in relief." 3. English. Meaning "a carved gem portrait," or "a small part played by a famous actor."<ref>https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cameo/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203150517/https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/cameo/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Cameo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230302170719/https://nameberry.com/babyname/cameo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cameo [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111214618/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cameo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 859 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMEO/index.html</ref> Keywords: art, fame, feminine inclined, jewels, minerals, nature, rare, stones, three syllables, treasure.

'''Cameron'''. English. From the Scottish surname. Meaning "crooked nose" in Gaelic.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_(given_name) [https://web.archive.org/web/20221112033350/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_(given_name) Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cameron [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329033042/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cameron Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook">Marissa Charles. ''The Big Book of Baby Names''. London: Arcturus, 2012. </ref> Short form: '''Cam''', which see. US SSA data shows about 56,291 people with the given name Cameron, used as a masculine name 90% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMERON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325202634/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMERON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> SSA data shows about 251 people with the variant '''Camryn''', used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMRYN/index.html</ref> A [[notable nonbinary people|notable nonbinary person]] with this name is the death metal guitarist [[Cameron Boggs]]. Keywords: appearance, common, geography, masculine inclined, nature, places.

'''Camille'''. French. The gender neutral version of the names "Camillo" and "Camilla". From ''camillus'' in Ancient Rome meaning "a youth employed in religious services", "acolyte" or "priest's helper".<ref>https://namepedia.name/camille/</ref>

'''Campbell'''. English. Pronounced "KAM-rən." From a Scottish surname. Meaning "crooked mouth" or "bent smile" in Gaelic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/campbell [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075229/https://www.behindthename.com/name/campbell Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/campbell/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326190404/https://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/campbell/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.houseofnames.com/campbell-family-crest</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.ancestry.ca/name-origin?surname=campbell</nowiki></ref><ref><nowiki>http://www.babynamewizard.com/baby-name/girl/campbell</nowiki></ref> US SSA data shows about 1,778 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMPBELL/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221006200151/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAMPBELL/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>Keywords: appearance, nature, neutral inclined, places, two syllables, uncommon.

'''Cappy'''. English. Short for "Captain" in English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/cappy [https://web.archive.org/web/20220815035958/https://babynames.com/name/cappy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 525 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAPPY/index.html</ref> Keywords: nautical, neutral inclined, rare, two syllables, water.

'''Carey'''. English. This has continuously been a gender neutral name since 1880, though it tended to be more masculine, until it spiked in popularity as a feminine name during the 1970s. From an Irish surname, Ó Ciardha, meaning "Descendant of Ciardha" in Irish. Ciardha is a masculine name meaning "Black" in Irish.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Carey [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207035305/https://babynames.com/name/carey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/carey [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074902/https://www.behindthename.com/name/carey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ciardha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074901/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ciardha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 43,020 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAREY/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, common, neutral inclined, two syllables.

'''Carlen'''. English. From the surname Carlen, meaning "Descendant of Charles." Irish variant: '''Carlin'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/carlen [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206092138/https://babynames.com/name/carlen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 878 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARLEN/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, rare, two syllables.

'''Carman'''. English. From the surname, meaning "Man."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Carman [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808192751/https://babynames.com/name/carman Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 4,759 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 70% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARMAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210625141436/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARMAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables, uncommon.

'''Carol'''. English and French. This has usually tended to be a feminine name during the past century in many countries, but during the 1920s to 1950s, it was also used to a small degree as a masculine name in France and the US. Meaning "Song." Also a short form of the names Charles, Carole, Caroline, or Carolus. Variants: '''Carole''', '''Carroll''', '''Caryl'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/carol [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603181736/https://babynames.com/name/CAROL Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/carol-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315224149/https://www.behindthename.com/name/carol-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Now, US SSA data shows about 1,531,204 people with the given name Carol, used as a feminine name 99% of the time, despite trends in some periods to be neutral.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAROL/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531224745/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CAROL/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Edwardian era, feminine inclined, midcentury modern, music, two syllables, very common.

'''Caron'''. Welsh. Meaning "To love" (''caru'') in Welsh.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/caron [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814073756/https://www.behindthename.com/name/caron Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 6,552 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618193427/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CA/CARON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: affection, emotion, feminine inclined, love, two syllables, uncommon.

'''Carrington'''. English. From the surname, from the place name, meaning "Town of the marsh" in Old English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Carrington [https://web.archive.org/web/20221128073830/https://babynames.com/name/carrington Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/carrington/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211022215512/https://www.behindthename.com/name/carrington/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/carrington/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20221227010041/https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/carrington/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,147 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 59% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARRINGTON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160606200420/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARRINGTON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nature, neutral inclined, places, three syllables, uncommon.

'''Cary'''. English. This has continuously been a gender-neutral name since at least 1880, tending to be masculine, and spiking in popularity as a neutral name in the 1970s. A variant of Carey, which see.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/cary [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812035704/https://babynames.com/name/cary Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cary [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074956/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cary Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 48,174 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CARY/index.html</ref> Keywords: common, two syllables.

[[File:Casey McQuiston 2019 Texas Book Festival.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Casey McQuiston]].]]
[[File:Casey Mongillo.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Casey Mongillo]].]]
'''Casey'''. English and Irish. This traditionally masculine name became popular as a neutral name in the 1970s, spiking in the 1980s and 1990s. From the Irish surname Casey, an anglicized form of Ó Cathasaigh, meaning "Descendant of Cathasach;" the masculine Irish name Cathasach means "Vigilant" in Irish. Variants: '''Casi''', '''Casie''', '''Kasey''', '''Kaci''', '''Kacie'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/case [https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083125/https://babynames.com/name/case Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Cassi/m [https://web.archive.org/web/20210804034142/https://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Cassi/m Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/casey [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213073744/https://www.behindthename.com/name/casey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 130,913 people with the given name Casey, used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CASEY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20211105102638/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CASEY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: battle, neutral inclined, two syllables, very common. Some [[notable nonbinary people]] with this name are American voice actor [[Casey Mongillo]]<ref>[https://twitter.com/CaseyTheVA/status/1080609580193787905 Tweet on January 2, 2019] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201128122556/https://twitter.com/CaseyTheVA/status/1080609580193787905 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and American romance novelist [[Casey McQuiston]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=casey_mcquiston|number=1321985370276438017|title=nonbinary bisexuals live each day with every chaos meter turned up to eleven and for me it is sensational|date=29 October 2020}}</ref>

'''Cashmere'''. English. An African American name. Meaning "Soft wool from the Kashmir goat" in English. Ultimately from the Hindi place name for the region in India ''Kaśmīr'' (कश्मीर), which is called Kashmir in English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/case [https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083125/https://babynames.com/name/case Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cashmere/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20150909031007/http://www.behindthename.com/name/cashmere/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kashmir/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20200119210316/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/kashmir/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 93 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CASHMERE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170601163453/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CA/CASHMERE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: extraordinary, neutral inclined, style, textures, two syllables.

'''Cedar'''. English, French, Latin. Noun meaning "cedar tree," a particularly fragrant tree, often used to build artistic and protective chests. <ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Cedar/boy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315022347/https://nameberry.com/babyname/cedar/boy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Cedar [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327000845/https://babynames.com/name/Cedar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cedar [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075049/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cedar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 576 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 55% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CE/CEDAR/index.html</ref> Keywords: aromas, forests, nature, plants, rare, spirituality, trees, two syllables.

'''Ceri'''. Welsh or Irish Gaelic. Ceri as a gender neutral Welsh name comes from '''Ceridwen''', which comes from the Welsh word "cerdd" which means poet; and "gwyn", which means fair or white. In Welsh mythology, was a female enchantress. Ceri is also a rare variant of the Irish name '''Kerry''', from the place name of the Irish county, Ciarraí, meaning "Ciar's people", and can mean "dark" or "dark-haired one". <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kerry [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kerry Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /><ref name="Dowrick57">{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/57-absolutely-gorgeous-traditional-welsh-28485623|title= 57 absolutely gorgeous traditional Welsh baby names that are making a comeback and the meanings behind them | date = 2024-01-21 | access-date = 2024-07-17 | website = Wales Online|last=Dowrick|first=Molly}}</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/b/girl-baby-name-kerry</ref><ref name="kerry-b">https://nameberry.com/b/boy-baby-name-kerry</ref><ref name="kerry-b"/> Keywords: neutral-inclined, Welsh, Irish, Gaelic, two syllables, mythology, poetry.

'''Chai'''. 1. English. Pronounced /tʃaɪ/. Modern. Meaning "tea" in English. English speakers sometimes use this to specifically mean the spiced type of tea.<ref>https://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-chai-46655.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20220129111553/https://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-chai-46655.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. חי. Hebrew. Pronounced "khai." Traditionally masculine. Meaning "alive, living, life."<ref>https://www.thenamemeaning.com/chai/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221209095846/https://www.thenamemeaning.com/chai/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chai/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chai/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,619 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 64% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170505050844/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHAI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: aromas, cozy, food, life, neutral inclined, one syllable, uncommon.

'''Chan''' (ចន្). Khmer. Meaning "Moon."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329101559/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 17,719 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171112193456/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: common, masculine inclined, nature, one syllable, sky.

[[File:Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Becoming Interplanetary.jpg|thumb|[[Chanda Prescod-Weinstein]] at Becoming Interplanetary talk at the Library of Congress, 2018.]]
'''Chanda'''. Sanskrit. In India, this is a masculine name (written चण्ड in Sanskrit) and a feminine name (written चण्डा), though it tends to be exclusively feminine in the US. Meaning "Fierce, hot, passionate."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chanda [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816012024/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chanda Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: emotion, personality, two syllables. Notable people with this name include cosmologist and science writer [[Chanda Prescod-Weinstein]], who is an [[agender]] [[woman]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/IBJIYONGI/ Twitter bio], retrieved May 17, 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230716190349/https://twitter.com/IBJIYONGI Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Chandler'''. English. This spiked in popularity as a neutral name during the 1990s, because at that time, there was a character with this name on the TV show ''Friends''. From the occupational family name, meaning "Candle maker" in English. Keywords: occupation.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Chandler [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326212844/https://babynames.com/name/chandler Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chandler [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530074420/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chandler Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 7,072 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 79% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHANDLER/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170716164240/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHANDLER/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: craft, occupation, two syllables, uncommon.

'''Channing'''. English. This spiked in popularity as a neutral name during the 1980s. Modern, possibly meaning "From the place of Cana's people."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Channing [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202140123/https://babynames.com/name/channing Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/channing [https://web.archive.org/web/20220815191038/https://www.behindthename.com/name/channing Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,772 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHANNING/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180228103604/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHANNING/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables, uncommon.

'''Channon'''. English. From the surname, meaning "Clergyman." Or a variant of the neutral name Shannon, from the name of the longest river in Ireland.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Channon [https://web.archive.org/web/20221210051349/https://babynames.com/name/channon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/channon/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601115209/https://www.behindthename.com/name/channon/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shannon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603001605/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shannon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,008 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHANNON/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, two syllables, uncommon, water.

'''Chao'''. Chinese. 1. 超 (chāo), a masculine name meaning "surpass, leap over." 2. 潮 (cháo) meaning "tide, flow, damp."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chao [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326151717/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chao Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 7,787 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAO/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170505045914/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHAO/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable, uncommon, water. Notable nonbinary people with this name include [[Chao Xiaomi]], who is [[genderfluid]].

'''Charleston'''. English. A modern name in the African American and Brazilian Portuguese communities. From the surname, meaning "Town of King Charles" in English. The Charleston was one of the most popular dances in the 1920s, based on African American dance moves.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Charleston [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604134327/https://babynames.com/name/charleston Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/charleston/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020134925/https://www.behindthename.com/name/charleston/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 952 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHARLESTON/index.html</ref> Keywords: dance, Edwardian era, music, places, rare, two syllables.

'''Charley'''. English. Pet form of the masculine name Charles. Variants: '''Charli''', '''Charlie''', '''Charly'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/charley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315224149/https://www.behindthename.com/name/charley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 12,959 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 73% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHARLEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: common, two syllables.

'''Châu'''. Vietnamese. Pronounced "kyow." Meaning "Pearl, gem." Outside of Vietnam, there is the anglicized variant '''Chau''', without the accent mark.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cha13u [https://web.archive.org/web/20230613201516/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cha13u Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chau/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329222906/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chau/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="EllefsonBook" /> US SSA data shows about 12,997 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 78% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAU/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20211202131150/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAU/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: colours, common, one syllable, water.

'''Chay'''. English. Pet form of Charles, meaning "Man" or "King."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/chay [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324145918/https://babynames.com/name/chay Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/charles [https://web.archive.org/web/20230408032352/https://www.behindthename.com/name/charles Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,179 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHAY/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, nobility, one syllable, uncommon.

'''Chen'''. 1. (חֵן) Hebrew. Meaning "Grace, charm." Keywords: virtues.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chen-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603182037/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chen-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. Chinese 晨 (chén) or 辰 (chén), both meaning "morning."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chen-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220831132634/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chen-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 11,376 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHEN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171112193406/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CH/CHEN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: common, one syllable.

'''Chi'''. Western African, Igbo. Meaning "one's personal spiritual guardian," or "the Christian God." Chi is also the pet form of many Igbo names that start with Chi.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chi-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522052759/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chi-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 27,604 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 55% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHI/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, common, neutral inclined, religion.

'''Chiaki''' (ちあき). Japanese. Japanese names have meanings that depend on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciations are chosen to write them. This name can mean "thousand crystal," "thousand autumn," or other meanings. In Japan, this is a gender-neutral name.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/chiaki.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902202410/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/chiaki.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> However, in the US, this has only been used as a feminine name.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHIAKI/index.html</ref> Keywords: number, season.

'''Chris'''. English and Dutch. Short form of many names beginning with Chris, including the masculine name Christopher, feminine names Christina and Christine, and neutral name Christian. Variants: '''Christie''', '''Christy'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chris [https://web.archive.org/web/20230706022811/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chris Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 847,331 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 85% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHRIS/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401110456/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHRIS/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, one syllable, two syllables, very common. Notable people with this name include religious organizer [[Chris Paige]], who calls their gender OtherWise, which is outside the Western gender binary.<ref name="IamOtherWise">{{Cite web |title=I am OtherWise |author=Paige, Chris |work=To Be OtherWise |date=17 February 2016 |access-date=14 July 2020 |url= https://2botherwise.wordpress.com/2016/02/17/i-am-otherwise/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203123658/https://2botherwise.wordpress.com/2016/02/17/i-am-otherwise/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] bearing this name include Chris from the book ''Crooked Words'' by K. A. Cook, Chris from TV show ''The Switch'', and Chris from visual novel ''Incompatible Species''.

'''Chun'''. Chinese. 春 (chūn) meaning "spring (the season)."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chun [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330135300/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chun Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 18,903 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 76% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHUN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210728113828/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CH/CHUN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: common, one syllable.

'''Ciel'''. Various. French for "sky," but not traditionally used as a given name in France.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ciel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074627/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ciel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 125 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CI/CIEL/index.html</ref> Keywords: air, colours, sky, very rare. Ciel is the name of a nonbinary main character in the comic ''[https://tapas.io/series/G-S-A GSA]'' by French-Canadian cartoonist Sophie Labelle.<ref>https://tapas.io/series/G-S-A [https://web.archive.org/web/20210711032517/https://tapas.io/series/G-S-A Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Cielo'''. Latin origins from ''caelum'' meaning "sky", "atmosphere" or "heaven". Commonly used in Spanish and Italian, meaning "sky" or "heaven". It's also used for terms of endearment such as "honey", "darling" and "angel"<ref>https://www.spanishdict.com/translate/cielo</ref> Unisex, but generally used as a feminine name.<ref>https://namepedia.name/cielo/</ref>

[[File:Claude Cahun.jpg|thumb|A photo of [[Claude Cahun]] (1894 - 1954).]]
'''Claude'''. English and French. Traditionally, this has been a masculine name. In France, this became popular as a neutral name since 1900, spiking in the 1930s, and then becoming rare for any gender after the 1970s. In the US, this has been a strictly masculine name since 1900, though it had some feminine use in the 1880s. Claude comes from the ancient Roman name, Claudius, possibly meaning "disabled legs." There were several saints named Claudius, and there was a male Saint Claude (b. 603 CE), whose feast day is June 7.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/claude [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529023339/https://www.behindthename.com/name/claude Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/claudius [https://web.archive.org/web/20230319235555/https://www.behindthename.com/name/claudius Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>http://www.catholic-saints.info/roman-catholic-saints-a-g/saint-claude.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20211127224628/https://www.catholic-saints.info/roman-catholic-saints-a-g/saint-claude.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Edwardian era, one syllable, saint name. Notable people with this name include the French Jewish surrealist artist and anti-fascist activist [[Claude Cahun]], who said, “Masculine? Feminine? It depends on the situation. Neuter is the only gender that always suits me.”<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disavowals : or cancelled confessions|first=Claude|last=Cahun|date=2008|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=9780262533034|oclc=922878515}}</ref>

'''Cleo'''. Greek, meaning one who celebrates, a feminine or neutral form of the boy's name Clio.<ref name="Lansky2006">{{Cite book | title = 100,000 + Baby Names. The Most Helpful, Complete, & Up-to-date Name Book|first =Bruce |last =Lansky |date =2006|publisher =Meadowbrook| url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KY0cAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA369&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0#v=onepage&f=false}}</ref>
Keywords: feminine inclined, Greek, two syllables, common.

'''Coda'''. Italian. Meaning "Concluding section of music."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/coda [https://web.archive.org/web/20221220233520/https://babynames.com/name/coda Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 241 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/CODA/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, music, sounds, two syllables, very rare.

'''Codi'''. English, modern. From the neutral or masculine given name '''Cody''' or '''Codie''', from the Irish surname Cody, meaning "Helper," or "Descendant of a helpful or cheerful person," or "cushion".<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/codi/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322095335/https://www.behindthename.com/name/codi/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames">http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611030801/http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 1,676 people with the given name Codi, used as a feminine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/CODI/index.html</ref><ref name="Lansky2006"/> Keywords: two syllables, uncommon, Irish.

'''Corby'''. English. Meaning "From Corc's farm." Or a short form of masculine Corbin, meaning "Raven" in Old French, or "Crow" in Anglo-Norman.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Corby [https://web.archive.org/web/20230205111803/https://babynames.com/name/corby Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 2,368 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/CORBY/index.html</ref> Keywords: air, animals, earth, birds, masculine inclined, two syllables, uncommon.

'''Corey'''. Meaning "hollow", predominantly masculine, Irish. Variations include Korey, Kory. Core; Corea, Coree, Corian, Corio, Cory.<ref name="Lansky2006"/> Keywords: masculine inclined, two syllables, Irish.

'''Cori''', '''Corie'''. A form of Corey meaning "hollow", Irish, predominently feminine.<ref name="Lansky2006" /> Keywords: feminine inclined, two syllables, Irish.

'''Corin'''. English, Irish. Meaning "Spear" or "Spear carrier."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/corin [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206003548/https://babynames.com/name/corin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Lansky2006"/> US SSA data shows about 1,412 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/CORIN/index.html</ref> Keywords: battle, two syllables, English, Irish, gender neutral, uncommon.

'''Corrin'''. English, Irish. Masculine-inclined variant of '''Corin'''.<ref name="Lansky2006"/> Keywords: battle, two syllables, English, Irish, battle, masculine-inclined.

'''Cortney'''. See '''''Courtney'''''.

'''Cosmo''' and '''Cosmos'''. Latin from Greek word "κόσμος" (Kósmos),<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cosmos</ref> and British.<ref>https://www.ifate.com/name-meanings/meaning-of-the-name-cosmo.html</ref><ref>https://mybaby-name.com/baby-names/cosmos/{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cosmo is also a shortened variation of the Italian name ''Cosimo'' <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos</ref> and is the name of both a flower and a makeup brand.<ref>https://www.cosmocosmetics.us{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos_(plant)</ref> The name "Cosmo" means universe (as being an orderly, harmonious, arrangement), honor, beauty, the planet earth, ornament, to adorn, decoration, and harmony. <ref>https://childhoodmagic.com/space-and-celestial-baby-names/</ref> <ref>https://www.momjunction.com/baby-names/cosmos/</ref>. "Cosmos" is often used to describe the entirety of space, time, matter, and energy, encompassing everything that exists. Cosmos can be seen as a symbol of both unity and diversity, as it encompasses all forms of life and existence. <ref>https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/</ref> The term can also imply a sense of beauty and balance in the universe. Cosmo- is used in Latin / Romance languages and in English as a prefix, e.g. cosmology.<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cosmo-</ref> Cosmo is a name of many characters and children's toys including clowns<ref>https://nopixel.fandom.com/wiki/Peter_Pippen#Clown</ref> <ref>[https://nopixel.fandom.com/wiki/Peter_Pippen Cosmo The Clown]. NoPixel Wiki. Accessed 18 Jan 2025.</ref> and Clowncore,<ref>https://aesthetics.fandom.com/wiki/Clowncore#:~:text=Clowncore%20fashion%20often%20includes%3A,Party%20or%20jester%20hats</ref> aliens, space-related characters, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250318131031/https://shop.noahsarkworkshop.com/products/15-cosmo-the-alien Cosmo The Alien]. Noah's Ark Workshop. Accessed 18 Jan 2025.</ref> <ref>https://sonic-the-hedgehog-fangs-and-speed.fandom.com/wiki/Cosmo</ref> <ref>https://marvelcinematicuniverse.fandom.com/wiki/Cosmo_the_Spacedog</ref> robots <ref>https://www.theoldrobots.com/Cosmo.html</ref> <ref>[https://mcmavenue.com/products/tin-robots?srsltid=AfmBOoonRVqdFDIe3CefT5mxB1pKjB0jOzTrPXRMG7FYlBKiqzDSidNF Cosmo the Tin Robot]. McMavenue.com. Accessed 18 Jan 2025.</ref> furries and fursona. <ref>https://beastars.fandom.com/wiki/Cosmo</ref> <ref>https://www.furaffinity.net/search/?q=cosmo{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.youtube.com/@cosmowhispers/videos</ref> Keywords: nature, space, astral, witch/wizard, spiritual, cosmology, technology, wicca, hippie, meditation, spirituality, alchemy, sun, moon, stars, astronomy, science, astrology, furry, animal, sci-fi, cosmic, futuristic, robot, clown, puppet, cosplay, cosmogony, plants.

'''Coty'''. English. A variant of the neutral or masculine name Cody, from the Irish surname Cody, meaning "Helper," or "Descendant of a helpful or cheerful person."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/coty [https://web.archive.org/web/20230207025147/https://www.behindthename.com/name/coty Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cody [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074956/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cody Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,011 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/COTY/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables, uncommon.

'''Courtney'''. English. Neutral or feminine. From the surname Courtney. Meaning "Short nose" in French, or "Member of the court" in English. Variants: '''Cortney''', '''Kortney''', and '''Kortney'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/courtney [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322160529/https://www.behindthename.com/name/courtney Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="CharlesBook" /> US SSA data shows about 9,839 people with the given name Cortney, used as a feminine name 85% of the time, so it is more neutral,<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/CORTNEY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618174206/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/C/CO/CORTNEY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> whereas there are 147,406 people named Courtney, feminine 92% of the time, so it is not so neutral.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/COURTNEY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210303074815/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CO/COURTNEY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, English, two syllables, very common. Notable nonbinary people with this name include genderfluid and genderqueer Australian drag queen [[Courtney Act]].<ref name="cour_Abou">{{Cite web |title=About |author=Courtney Act |work= |date= |access-date=3 April 2020 |url= https://courtneyact.tumblr.com/about|quote=She’s a Prius driving, vegan, pansexual, polyamorous, genderqueer, hippy child|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608004736/https://courtneyact.tumblr.com/about|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Lansky2006" /> Keywords: Feminine-inclined, common, English,

'''Creature'''. English. Meaning "A living being" in English. Christening is a ritual of naming and baptizing (washing) an infant, which some Christian denominations believe is necessary to save the soul. It used to be that in England, when a family feared that a pregnancy might end in a stillbirth, such as if a pregnant person fell gravely ill, then the people had a ritual for christening the child ''before'' birth. The English believed that they could not assign a gender to a child ''before'' birth, when its sex was not yet known. For this reason, the people would give the unborn one of these gender-neutral given names: '''Chylde-of-God''', Creature, '''Creatura''', or '''Vitalis''' (Latin, "life-giving"). All these names represent the hope for a baby who would survive. If they survived, then the law required them to keep these names. When marriage records from that era show grown men and women with these names, historians know this is the reason why. This naming tradition goes as far back as the 1200s. The religious and legal changes that came with the Protestant Reformation stopped the practice of christening the unborn, and so these names completely fell out of use after 1680.<ref>Charles W. Bardsley, ''Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature.'' New York: R. Worthington, 1880. Page 132-133. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Curiosities_of_Puritan_Nomenclature/QVwvAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=neutral</ref> Keywords: Catholic, Christian, birth, Elizabethan era, gothic, life, medieval, renaissance era, three syllables, tragic, Tudor period, two syllables.

'''Crimson'''. English. Meaning "A deep purplish red color" in English. Ultimately from Arabic ''qirmez'' (قِرْمِز‎).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/crimson/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220519110859/https://www.behindthename.com/name/crimson/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 144 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CR/CRIMSON/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, very rare, two syllables.

'''Cris'''. Latin and Celtic / English. Cris is a Nonbinary Name <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pennyandpoundtheatre.com/post/june-spotlight-3-cris-kelland |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-11 |archive-date=2024-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419142607/https://www.pennyandpoundtheatre.com/post/june-spotlight-3-cris-kelland |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://sdpride.org/crissotomayor/</ref> <ref>https://www.tiktok.com/@queercris</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://criscity.carrd.co/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-11 |archive-date=2022-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216062301/https://criscity.carrd.co/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://buggingame.fandom.com/wiki/Cris</ref>, Genderfluid <ref>https://gendeerfluid.wixsite.com/crisjackson/about</ref> / Unisex <ref>https://genderize.io/names/cris</ref> / Gender neutral <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thebump.com/b/cris-baby-name |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-09 |archive-date=2024-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424040657/https://www.thebump.com/b/cris-baby-name |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.names.org/n/cris/about</ref> / Genderqueer, Drag queen <ref>https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009010332232</ref> etc... Given name : The name Cris is a Latin (and use in Celtic nations as a short version for some names, also in English) and shortened form of name such as Christopher <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cris_Kirkwood</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cris_Rogers</ref> <ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cris</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cris</ref> / Christian / Christos / Christophe , Christoph <ref>https://liquipedia.net/heroes/Cris</ref>...; Christine / Christelle / Christina / Christiane <ref>https://www.discogs.com/fr/artist/1005425-Cris-Carol</ref>... Cris can also be a diminutive for names such as Cristina / Cristiano / Cristobal / Cristopher / Cristian..., it is also as a diminutive of Chris by people who want to be neutral from religious/religions (for exemple: witches/wizards <ref>https://www.facebook.com/CrisAshburn?locale=fr_FR</ref> <ref>https://www.facebook.com/institutocrisgimenez</ref> or Astrologers , Tarot Readers , Psychics, Characters <ref>https://gta.fandom.com/wiki/Cris_Formage</ref> <ref>https://omori.fandom.com/wiki/BLUE-HAIRED_GIRL</ref>, Artists <ref>https://www.famousbirthdays.com/names/cris.html</ref> <ref>https://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Cris_Ridenour/839799</ref> <ref>https://www.metal-archives.com/artists/Cris_McCarthy/10983</ref> etc...) Cris can be a short version of names such as Cristal and Crispin <ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Crispin</ref>. Crisdean (Scottish Gaelic) <ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cr%C3%ACsdean</ref>, Cristoffis <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher</ref>/ Crisiant <ref>https://www.emmasdiary.co.uk/baby-names/detail/crisiant</ref> (Welsh) , Cristiona / Crístíona / Cristin (Irish) , Cristeena (Manx) , Cristy / Cristen (English) <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_(given_name)</ref>. Visually the word "Cris" looks like the word "Iris" : In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Iris is the "Goddess of the Rainbow" <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_(mythology)</ref>. Writing Cris rather than Chris makes the pronunciation of the word more universal, also some people consider that Cris is more feminine than Chris. The given name Cris is used by some LGBTQIA+ supportive people (such as activists <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cris_Williamson</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cris_Beam</ref> <ref>https://theconversation.com/profiles/cris-townley-1428239</ref>). Keywords: Unisex, Gender neutral name, Non-binary, Genderqueer, Agender, Witch / Wizard / Witchcraft / Wicca, Tarot reader, Rainbows, Latin, Astrologer, Celt / Celtic, Art / Artists, Psychic, Character names, Musician, Neutrality, Genderfluid.

'''Cristal'''. Latin from Greek. Cristal is a Unisex Name <ref>https://webconte.com/kids/baby_names/unisex/cristal</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kidpaw.com/names/cristal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126021002/https://www.kidpaw.com/names/cristal |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://parenting.fresherslive.com/baby-names/cristal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122192205/https://parenting.fresherslive.com/baby-names/cristal |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://babynamesyay.com/meaning/cristal/</ref> ( Gender neutral name, Non-binary, Genderqueer, Drag Queen etc... ) also for a Boy <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mybabyname.com/names/Cristal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-23 |archive-date=2024-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726181352/http://mybabyname.com/names/Cristal |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://drlogy.com/baby-names/meaning-of-cristal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126020923/https://drlogy.com/baby-names/meaning-of-cristal |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://mom.com/baby-names/boy/135235/Cristal</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://namesfolder.com/aruban-boy-name/cristal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126020936/https://namesfolder.com/aruban-boy-name/cristal |url-status=dead }}</ref> or a Girl <ref>https://mom.com/baby-names/girl/68707/Cristal</ref>, a Man or a Woman, Masculine or Feminine. Medieval English diminutive of Christopher <ref>https://tekeli.li/onomastikon/England-Medieval/Biblical.html</ref> which became the regular Manx form of this name <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.isleofman.com/visitor-guide/6473/2976/manx-men-s-first-names |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-20 |archive-date=2024-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420220056/https://www.isleofman.com/visitor-guide/6473/2976/manx-men-s-first-names |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://archive.gaelg.im/www.gaelg.iofm.net/NAMES/male.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://asmanxasthehills.com/christian-names-of-the-isle-of-man/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2023-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921084828/https://asmanxasthehills.com/christian-names-of-the-isle-of-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cristal/submitted</ref>. Also a Scottish Masculine Name ( in Scotland during the Late Middle Ages <ref>https://www.s-gabriel.org/names/symonFreser/scottish14/scottish14_given.html</ref> <ref>https://www.houseofnames.com/cristal-family-crest</ref> ) . "the name Cristal has different gender associations in different cultures. In Spanish-speaking countries, it is more commonly used as a Female name, while in French-speaking countries <ref>https://www.neufmois.fr/mon-bebe/1226-mes-prenoms-un-prenom-precieux-pour-un-garcon-en-or</ref> <ref>[https://www.parents.fr/prenoms/nos-selections-de-prenoms/les-prenoms-precieux-79959#:~:text=Cristal,classiques%20comme%20Christian%20ou%20Christophe. https://www.parents.fr/prenoms/nos-selections-de-prenoms/les-prenoms-precieux-79959#:~:text=Cristal,classiques%20comme%20Christian%20ou%20Christophe.]</ref>, it is more commonly used as a Male name" <ref>https://letslearnslang.com/is-cristal-a-male-female-or-unisex-name/</ref> . Modern Statistics from NameSpedia website : "Gender of first name Cristal is 93% feminine and 7% masculine." <ref>https://www.namespedia.com/details/Cristal</ref> Meaning : crystal, from Ancient Greek (krustallos, 'clear ice'), (kruos, 'frost'), from the Proto-Indo-European *krus-, *kru- ('hard, hard outer surface, crust') . Keywords : nature, neutrality, crystal, mineral, rocks, stone, quartz crystals, glass, gemstone, meditation, witch/wizard, crystalline, witchcraft, snowflake, transparent/transparency and translucency, wicca, healing, lithotherapy, genderfluid, hippie/hippy, colorful/colors, psychedelic, agender, nonbinary, magic, alchemy, pure/purity/purification, shining, clarity, psychic, limpid, fantasy/fairy/fairytale, alien, magician, dragon, clown/circus, unicorn, geometry, angel, rainbow, bright, spirituality.

'''Cruz'''. Spanish and Portuguese. In the US, this has become more popular as a masculine name in the 2010s, but it was neutral from the 1920s to 1940s. Meaning "The cross (upon which Jesus Christ was crucified)" in Spanish and Portuguese.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cruz [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011734/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cruz Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 34,546 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 82% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CR/CRUZ/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003171533/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CR/CRUZ/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, common, masculine inclined, one syllable, shapes.

'''Cyan'''. English. Meaning "Greenish blue."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cyan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531111737/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cyan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Cypress'''. English. A modern gender-neutral name. Meaning "A cypress tree, which is a large evergreen," in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cypress/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211027200417/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cypress/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.babynames.net/names/cypress</nowiki></ref><ref>https://homeguides.sfgate.com/bald-cypress-tree-38651.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230207123156/https://homeguides.sfgate.com/bald-cypress-tree-38651.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref><nowiki>https://www.babycenter.com/baby-names-cypress-46515.htm</nowiki></ref> US SSA data shows about 149 people with this given name, used as a feminine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CY/CYPRESS/index.html</ref> Keywords: nature, neutral inclined, plants, trees, two syllables, very rare.

'''Cyprus'''. English. Meaning "The eastern Mediterranean island nation of Cyprus" in English. Via Latin ''Cyprus,'' from ancient Greek ''Kúpros'' (Κύπρος).<ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/Cyprus [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211233736/https://nameberry.com/babyname/cyprus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cyprus#English [https://web.archive.org/web/20230709215541/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cyprus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cyprus [https://web.archive.org/web/20230709215541/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cyprus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 46 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CY/CYPRUS/index.html</ref> Keywords: extraordinary, geography, islands, masculine inclined, places, travel, water.

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#c]]

English neutral pronouns

2026-06-14T00:31:18Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Side list
|title = Most used neutral pronouns
|content =
# They/them (79.5%)
# Xe/xem (7.2%)
# E/em (5.2%)
# Ze/hir (4.7%)
# It/its (4.4%)
# Fae/faer (4.3%)

Data provided by the 2019 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2019}}
}}
'''English neutral pronouns''' are useful not only when writing documents that need to use inclusive language, but also for any [[nonbinary]] people who prefer not to have their pronouns imply that they are female or male. As shown in surveys, many nonbinary people are okay with being called "he" or "she," but there are also many nonbinary people who don't want to be called either of these. The surveys show that the most popular gender-neutral pronoun for nonbinary people is [[singular they]], but nearly as many prefer or accept some other neutral pronoun. See examples of this in [[Pronouns#Examples_of_specific_nonbinary_people.27s_pronouns|pronouns in use for nonbinary people]].

==History==

In English, people are usually called by a [[pronouns|pronoun]] that implies their gender. For example, [[English neutral pronouns#She|she]] for women, and [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]] for men. The use of [[singular they]] as a gender-neutral pronoun has been documented as standard usage in English throughout the past thousand years. However, prescriptive grammarians in the late eighteenth century decided that it was bad grammar because it works like a plural and because it isn't done in Latin.<ref name-"Churchyard">{{cite web|first=Henry|last= Churchyard|title=Jane Austen and other famous authors violate what everyone learned in their English class|url=http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319092926/http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html |archive-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>

Prescriptive grammarians of the late eighteenth century instead recommended using "he" as a gender-neutral pronoun when one is needed, instead of "singular they."<ref name="bustillos 250">{{Cite web |title=Our Desperate, 250-Year-Long Search for a Gender-Neutral Pronoun |last=Bustillos |first=Maria |work=The Awl |date=6 January 2011 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104253/https://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> However, "gender-neutral he" results in writings that are unclear about whether they mean only men or not, which makes problems in law.<ref name="Pullum">{{cite web|first=Geoffrey|last=Pullum|title=Canada Supreme Court Gets the Grammar Right.|work=Language Log|date=18 August 2004 |url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601201219/http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

===Regional nominative pronouns===

There have been some native English dialects that have their own gender-neutral pronouns, such as a, ou, and yo. These are often regional. One curious thing that a, ou, and yo all have in common is that they have only been recorded in their nominative form. It's possible that these three sets of pronouns may not actually have other forms (possessive, reflexive, etc). For this reason, these three sets of native English pronouns are listed separately from the other pronouns on this page that have complete forms. Although it's easy to make up more forms for these pronouns (such as inventing "ouself" [sic]), this is not what linguists have recorded in use.

====A====

'''A''' (nominative form only). "In 1789, William H. Marshall records […] Middle English epicene ‘a’, used by the 14th century English writer John of Trevisa and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of ‘a’ for he, she, it, they, and even I. This ‘a’ is a reduced form of the Anglo-Saxon he = ‘he’ and heo = ‘she’.”<ref>Baron, Dennis (1986). Grammar and Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03526-8. as cited by Williams, John (1990s).</ref> <ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418022839/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html| url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html|last=Williams|first=John|archive-date=18 April 2010|title=History - Native-English GNPs|work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ}}</ref> Some living British dialects still use the gender-neutral "a" pronoun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Epicene pronouns|work=American Heritage Book of English Usage|url=http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|archive-date=30 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630041424/http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|access-date=29 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Ou====

'''Ou''' (nominative form only) was first recorded in a native English dialect in the sixteenth century. "In 1789, William H. Marshall records the existence of a dialectal English epicene pronoun, singular ou: '"Ou will" expresses either he will, she will, or it will.' Marshall traces ou to Middle English epicene a, used by the fourteenth-century English writer John of Trevisa, and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of a for he, she, it, they, and even I." In K. A. Cook's short story "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the queer character Moon asks to be called by "ou" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

====Yo====

'''Yo''' (nominative form only). In addition to an interjection and greeting, "yo" is a gender-neutral pronoun in a dialect of African-American Vernacular English spoken by middle school students in Baltimore, Maryland, the student body of which is 97% African-American. These students had spontaneously created the pronoun as early as 2004 and commonly used it. A study by Stotko and Troyer in 2007 examined this pronoun. The speakers used "yo" only for same-age peers, not adults or authorities. They thought of it as a slang word that was informal, but they also thought of it as just as acceptable as "he" or "she". "Yo" was used for people whose gender was unknown, as well as for specific people whose gender was known, often while using a pointing gesture at the person in question. The researchers collected examples of the word in use, such as "yo threw a thumbtack at me," "you acting like I said what yo said," and "she ain't really go with yo." The researchers only collected examples of "yo" used in the nominative form. That is, they found no possessive forms such as "yo's," and no reflexive forms such as "yoself." As such, "yo" pronouns might be used only in nominative form, similar to another native English gender-neutral pronoun, "[[English neutral pronouns#A|a]]." Either that, or these forms exist, and the researchers just didn't collect them.<ref>Rebecca Hersher, "'Yo' said what?" April 24, 2013. ''NPR: Code Switch''. [http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/04/25/178788893/yo-said-what] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206111736/http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/04/25/178788893/yo-said-what Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Elizabeth J. Elrod, "Give us a gender neutral pronoun, yo!: The need for and creation of a gender neutral, singular, third person, personal pronoun." ''Undergraduate Honors Theses'' paper 200. 2014. http://dc.etsu.edu/honors/200 or http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=honors (PDF)</ref>

===Neopronouns===

'''Neopronoun''' is a category for any English pronouns that are independent from traditional third person English pronouns. In the strictest sense, a neopronoun is a singular third-person pronoun which is not [[English_neutral_pronouns#He|he/him]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#She|she/her]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#It|it/its]], or [[English_neutral_pronouns#They|they/them]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xojane.com/issues/we-need-more-pronouns|title=UNPOPULAR OPINION: We Should Have More Pronouns |date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903114254/https://www.xojane.com/issues/we-need-more-pronouns |archive-date=3 September 2018 |last=Graham |first=Lore}}</ref> There is some disagreement in the nonbinary community on whether "it/its" should be considered a neopronoun when used for a person<ref>https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Neopronouns#It [https://web.archive.org/web/20220730102742/https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Neopronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, as the traditional usage is for animals, objects, and concepts.

Seeking a solution to the problem of a lack of a gender-neutral pronoun in English that satisfies all needs, people since the mid-nineteenth century have proposed many new gender-neutral singular pronouns.<ref name="aetherlumina archive history">{{cite web |title=History |work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ |url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050207103316/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html |archive-date=7 February 2005}}</ref> For example, [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]], [[English neutral pronouns#E|Spivak pronouns]], and others. None of these new words (neologisms) have become standard use or adopted into books of English grammar. However, some sets of these neologistic pronouns have seen a use for real people with [[nonbinary]] gender identities, and for characters in fiction. These neologisms are the main topic explored in the list that follows in this article.

==The list==

This list is of third-person gender-neutral singular pronouns in English. Some are "new" pronouns, and others have been in use for over a hundred years.

Please feel free to add more, though note that if you don't provide citations for [[Talk:English neutral pronouns#Notability|notability]] or include all five forms your entry may be moved to the talk page or be removed entirely. List pronoun sets in alphabetical order by their nominative form, or by the name of the set.

===Alternating pronouns===

'''he, her, his, herself''' (for one of many possible examples). Instead of using an alternative or neutral pronoun set, some people prefer an alternation between different sets. This is also called "rolling pronouns" by some.<ref name="Jakubowski">{{Cite web |title=Too Queer for Your Binary: Everything You Need to Know and More About Non-Binary Identities |last=Jakubowski |first=Kaylee |work=Everyday Feminism |date=4 March 2014 |access-date=7 June 2020 |url= https://everydayfeminism.com/2014/03/too-queer-for-your-binary/ |quote=rolling pronouns (which involves changing the persons pronoun each time that one comes up in a sentence – for example, “She went to the store, and on the way there he ran into an old friend who asked hir how they were doing”) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523084225/https://everydayfeminism.com/2014/03/too-queer-for-your-binary/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Justice Ginsburg was in favor of alternating "he" and "she" pronouns to make legal documents gender-inclusive.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.{{Gender Census|2018}} Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns,<ref>{{cite tweet|user=BlackTransMedia|number=1163607100053950464|title=What a #blacktranseverything thread thank you sis[...] I don't post photos of myself here yall inspire(d) me so here I go.. I'm sasha founder/one of the co-directors of black trans media, I use she/they/he pronouns + insist that you mix it up or use my name #blacktransloveiswealth|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Wicker">{{Cite web |title=TRANS POET SASHA - SHE, HE, THEY |last=Wicker |first=Randolfe |work=YouTube |date=9 March 2015 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121100124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=21 November 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> as does author [[Pat Schmatz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|date=30 June 2019|access-date=25 May 2020|title=Gender Stories: Writing non-binary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719114721/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|archive-date=19 July 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''her'' a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''her'' I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''he'' does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''he'' lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''. '''or''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

===E===

There are several very similar sets of pronouns with the nominative form of "E," which have been independently proposed or revived over the last hundred years.<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310130020/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html ''4.2.5. Comprehensive Listing of Neologisms'', March 10 2007]</ref><ref name="d baron epicene">{{cite web|first=Dennis|last= Baron|title=The Words that Failed: A chronology of early nonbinary pronouns|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622223218/http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm|archive-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

====E (Spivak pronouns)====
'''E, Em, Eir, Eirs, Emself'''. These are sometimes called spivak pronouns. In 1990, Michael Spivak used them in his manual, ''The Joy of TeX,'' so that no person in his examples had a specified gender. These pronouns became well-known on the Internet because they were built into a popular multi-user chat, LambdaMOO, in 1991. Many users enjoyed choosing pronouns that didn't specify their gender. The pronouns then became a common feature of other multi-user chats made throughout the 1990s. Although many other variations have been attributed to Michael Spivak, this is the actual set Spivak used in ''The Joy of TeX'' in 1990 or 1991. Note that he always capitalized all forms of it, but not all users of these pronouns do so. <ref name="aetherluminarefs">https://web.archive.org/web/20070310125817/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/references.html</ref> Spivak doesn't indicate whether he created these pronouns, or adopted or adapted them from somewhere else. Spivak is credited with having created these pronouns, although his book doesn't outright say that they're of his own creation. (Compare Elverson's [[English neutral pronouns#Ey|ey]] pronouns, which are very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.)

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* When a programmer added this pronoun set to LambdaMOO in 1991, he used the same spelling as Spivak, but not capitalized.<ref>{{cite web| author= V.Dentata |title=MOO Bash FAQ|date=1999|url=http://www.amanita.net/bashfaq.html|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308055037/http://www.amanita.net:80/bashfaq.html}}</ref> Regarding LambdaMOO, John Costello wrote, "I know the wizard who originally included the spivak pronouns on the MOO. He says he did it just on a whim after having read ''the Joy of TeX'' — he never thought they'd acquire the sexual and political nimbus they have over the years."<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref> LambdaMOO's "help spivak" command explains that these pronouns "were developed by mathematician Michael Spivak for use in his books."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' 2004. P. 33.</ref> Programmer Roger "Rog" Crew tested the LambdaMOO system by putting more pronoun options into it in May 1991, including Spivak's set he remembered from ''The Joy of TeX.'' Crew didn't delete the pronouns after testing them, and later expressed "dismay" that the spivak pronouns became popular.<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 34.</ref><ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* Spivak pronouns became such a part of 1990s Internet culture that a handbook to that culture, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing'' (2003), uses spivak pronouns whenever speaking of a hypothetical person whose gender need not be specified.<ref>Elizabeth Hess, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing: Getting the Most from Virtual Communities on the Internet.'' 2003. p. 3, p. 283.</ref>
* In Internet environments, spivak was categorized not only as a set of pronouns but as a gender identity, which Thomas describes: "The spivak gender [...] is more representative of an emotional and intellectual state than of a physical configuration. It should be pointed out at the start that the sexuality available to a spivak is a bonus of online life, but it isn't the raison d'etre. Rather, it's a subtle notion of a gender-free condition. It's not androgynous. It's not unisexual. It's simply ambiguous."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 31-32.</ref> Some self-described spivaks use spivak as a proper noun for their non-binary gender identity.

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Steven Shaviro's theoretical fiction novel ''[http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ Doom Patrols]'' (1995-1997) uses spivak pronouns at times.<ref>Steven Shaviro, "Preface." ''Doom Patrols.'' [http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113221207/http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* The English translation of Sayuri Ueda's science fiction novel ''The Cage of Zeus'' (2011) uses spivak pronouns for genetically engineered characters with non-dyadic bodies and non-binary gender.<ref>Sayuri Ueda, ''The Cage of Zeus.'' 2011.</ref>
* In Orion's Arm (a fictional 12th millennium AD setting, as non-specific pronouns for sophonts of any gender, including AIs and aliens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pronouns, Anglish |url=http://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/495360fba7a46|work=Orion's Arm Universe Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707063303/https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/495360fba7a46|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Use for people:'''
* In 1996, 74 out of 7064 users on LambdaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making it the second most popular nonbinary pronoun there.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref> In 2002, 108 out of 4061 users on LambdaMOO used spivak pronouns, making it the most popular neologistic pronoun set there.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>
* In 1996, 10 out of 1015 users on MediaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making these the second most popular nonbinary pronoun.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* The comic artist [[Maia Kobabe]] and the author [[Bogi Takács|Bogi "prezzey" Takács]] go by spivak pronouns.<ref>[https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Bogi Takács' biography on Smashwords], captured March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210712062514/https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 5.2% of participants were happy for people to use Spivak pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''E'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''Em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''Eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''Eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''Emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e]

===Ey (Elverson pronouns)===

'''ey, em, eir, eirs, emself'''. (Compare the spivak pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#E|E]], which is very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.) Called the Elverson pronouns, these were "created by Christine M. Elverson of Skokie, Illinois, to win a contest in 1975. (Black, Judie, ‘Ey has a word for it’, 1975-08-23.). Promoted as preferable to other major contenders (sie, zie and singular ‘they’) by John Williams's Gender-neutral Pronoun FAQ (2004)."<ref>http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_protologisms_by_topic/third_person_singular_gender_neutral_pronouns#cite_note-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210629004209/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_protologisms_by_topic/third_person_singular_gender_neutral_pronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* The Elverson pronouns were used by Eric Klein in the ''Laws of Oceania'', 1993, to be gender-inclusive in a nonfictional micronation. Sometimes this pronoun set is mistakenly called "[[English neutral pronouns#E|spivak pronouns]]," which differ only in the nominative form.
* In the 2019 Gender Census, about 0.1% of participants were happy for people to use Elverson pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Use in fiction:'''
* CJ Carter's science fiction novel, ''Que Será Serees'' (2011) is about a species of people with a single-gender, who are all called by Elverson's "ey" pronouns. Carter encourages other authors to use these gender-neutral pronouns.<ref>CJ Carter, "Genderless singular pronouns." [http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/ http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212103224/https://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"Que Será Serees". ''CJ's Creative Studio''. [http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/ http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031105743/http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Misstery Man," the self-described non-binary character Darcy asks to be called by "ey and eir" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Misstery Man." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ey'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey]

===Fae===

[[File:Fae-faer graph.png|300px|thumb|right|Graph illustrating views on whether fae/faer pronouns are okay for cultural outsiders to use.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>]]'''fae, faer, faer, faers, faerself'''. A fairy (faery, faerie, fey or Fair Folk) themed set created no later than 2013.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking">{{Cite web|url=https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|title=On fae/faer pronouns and cultural appropriation|date=2021-02-20|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Gender Census Tumblr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109021257/https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This was the most commonly used [[nounself pronouns|nounself pronoun]] set in 2021.{{Gender Census|2021}}

'''Variations:'''
* '''Fae, vaer, vaers, vaerself''' was created by Shade (Tumblr user shadaras) in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 October 2013|title=So I might possibly have spent today on and off prodding pronouns...|url=https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331233621/https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* '''Fey, fey, feys, feys, feyself''' was recorded in 2014,<ref name="askanonbinary general">[http://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Ask A Nonbinary's list of unthemed pronouns], captured March 2016 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230217/https://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> of unknown origin.

'''Controversy:'''
* In 2020 a couple of TikToks claiming that ''fae/faer'' pronouns are cultural appropriation went viral. Since then, it's not uncommon for people to repeat this claim in defence of either pagans, Celtic cultures and their descendents, or both. However, this claim seems groundless, as Celtic cultures do not generally call fairies "Fae" (it's a French word), and Paganism is too broad and faith-inclusive for any such practice to be considered appropriative. In Twitter polls, only a minority of about 13% from each culture felt that use of these pronouns by outsiders was bad, compared to over 40% from each culture feeling positively.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.3% of participants were happy for people to use ''fae'' pronouns when referring to them{{Gender Census|2019}}. "Fae" was the only nounself pronoun with a comparable level of popularity in that survey.

Forms:

*'''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''fae'' laughs.
*'''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''faer''.
*'''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''faer'' hair grows long.
*'''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''fae'' lets me borrow ''faers''.
*'''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''faerself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself]

===Female pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#She|She]]''.

===He===

'''he, him, his, his, himself'''. Often called male pronouns, grammarians acknowledge that this standard set of pronouns can also be used as gender-neutral or gender-inclusive pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. In the eighteenth century, when prescriptive grammarians decided that "singular they" was no longer acceptable as a gender-neutral pronoun, they instead recommended, "gender-neutral he." "Prescriptive grammarians have been calling for 'he' as the gender-neutral pronoun of choice since at least 1745, when a British schoolmistress named Anne Fisher laid down the law in ''A New Grammar''."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> The use of "gender-neutral he" can make problems in how laws are interpreted, because it's unclear whether it is meant to be gender-inclusive or male-only. For example, in 1927, "the Canadian Supreme Court ruled that women were not persons because its statutes referred to 'persons' with male pronouns."<ref>"Pronoun perspectives." ''Gender neutral pronoun blog.'' [https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/ https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520030422/https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Pullum" /> In the USA in the nineteenth century, suffragists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for laws to stop using the "gender-neutral he," because there were cases where this pronoun had been arbitrarily interpreted as a "male he" in order to exclude women from legal protections, or from the right to a license that they had passed exams for. This abuse of legal language happened even in if the documents explicitly said that "he" was meant to include women.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> Thanks to the work in the 1970s by feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift, "gender-neutral he" has been significantly phased out of use, replaced by [[English neutral pronouns#He or she|he or she]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Elizabeth|last=Isele|title=Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women Who Dared To Disturb the Lexicon|journal=Women in Literature and Life Assembly|volume=3|date=Fall 1994|url=http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528025157/https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Use for real non-binary people:''' There are non-binary people who ask to be called by "he" pronouns, such as writer [[Richard O'Brien]], autobiographer [[Jennie June]], and guitarist [[Pete Townshend]].

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he]

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census survey, 30.8% of participants were happy for people to use ''he'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

===He or she===

''See also: [[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]''

'''he or she, him or her, his or her, his or hers, himself or herself'''. These are very commonly used as gender-neutral pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. Although grammatically acceptable, and a step more inclusive than only using "he" in these contexts, its length soon makes it cumbersome.<ref>{{cite web|title=GNP Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)|url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050205052157/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-date=5 February 2005}}</ref> It almost always puts the "male" pronoun before the "female" pronoun, which is a little less than equality. (Similar efforts at inclusive language almost always end up with this same male-first ordering: "the habit of always saying 'male and female,' 'husbands and wives,' 'men and women' revealed an unquestioned priority," as pointed out by Casey Miller and Kate Swift in ''Words and Women'' (1976),<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page x.</ref> a book on sexism in language and feminist efforts for inclusive language.) "He or she" also gives the impression of including binary genders, while excluding the possibility of other genders.

'''Use by nonbinary people:''' Interestingly enough, although "he or she" may be the most popularly used inclusive pronoun set (along with "they"), and therefore may seem an obvious choice for nonbinary people, this set doesn't seem to be popularly used by nonbinary people. However, this may be an artifact of the way the surveys were taken. The 2018 Gender Census found 13.8% of the respondents asked people to "mix up" their pronouns ([[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]).{{Gender Census|2018}} A 2012 survey found 20 respondents who wished to be called both "he" and "she."<ref>anlamasanda, "Results of pronoun survey." January 1, 2012. http://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519033850/https://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> It may be the case that people who prefer to be called "he or she" simply entered their preference into the surveys in a slightly different format. It may also be the case that it's virtually unheard-of for nonbinary people to feel that "he or she" represents them. Either way, its absence in these surveys is intriguing and may need to be addressed more specifically in future surveys.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he or she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him or her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his or her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his or hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself or herself''.

=== Hu ===
'''Hu, hum, hus, humself''' (or hu, hum, hus, '''huself'''). These singular neutral pronouns were originally coined by Sasha Newborn in 1982. She called the neologisms Humanist as they are [[nounself pronouns]] based on the word (noun) <u>hu</u>man, which is also how they're pronounced. While this pronoun set has not been widely used, a variation (hu, hu) did gain some attention in the 2024 US presidential election, where one candidate offered hu/hu as a pronoun option in a campaign form.<ref>Valerie Richardson, "[https://highergroundtimes.com/higher-ground/2024/aug/15/kamala-harris-presidential-campaign-presses-job-ap/ Hu/hu? Harris for President campaign presses job applicants to pick zir pronouns]", Aug 15, 2024. Higher Ground Times.</ref>

'''Use by nonbinary people:''' A variation where ''hum'' is pronounced like the existing word hum, rather than like hew, has gained some traction.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' ''Hu'' loves hiking and climbing.
* '''Accusative:''' I have no idea what they said to ''hum''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' It's hard to believe someone stole ''hus'' car.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' It's easy to believe the car is ''hus''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each of us needs to consider this ''humself''.
'''On Fandom:''' https://web.archive.org/web/20241211072513/https://pronoun.fandom.com/wiki/Humanself

'''On Pronouns:''' https://en.pronouns.page/hu

'''On Pronouns List:''' https://pronounslist.com/hum-hum

'''On Universal English:''' https://universalenglish.org/gender-neutral-english-pronouns/

=== It ===
'''it, it, its, its, itself'''. This standard English set of genderless pronouns is used for inanimate objects, animals, and human infants. During Dickens’ time, these were also acceptable pronouns for older human children and spirits of the dead, as these permutations of humanity were seen as not really male or female. This pronoun is not male or female. Using it for an adult human is often seen as an insult, dehumanizing. While considered offensive by most, some nonbinary people use "it" as a means of reclamation and to challenge the idea that genderlessness is inherently dehumanizing.

Because "it" pronouns are the default on LamdaMOO and on similar multi-user environments, they tend to be common there, but less common than "he" or "she." In 1996, "it" pronouns were the most popular non-binary pronoun choice on LambdaMOO (1162 out of 7065 player characters) and MediaMOO (280 out of 1015 player characters).<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.4% of the participants were happy for people to use ''it'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} Notable nonbinary people who accept being called by ''it'' pronouns include the Venezuelan singer [[Arca]] (b. 1989).<ref name="Fallon">{{Cite web |title=Arca Is the Artist of the Decade |last=Fallon |first=Patric |work=Vice |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=30 June 2020 |url= https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092248/http://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''it'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''it''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''its'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''its''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''itself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it]

===Male pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]''.

===Name===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns]] or [[nounself pronouns]]''.

===Ne===

Several sets of pronouns use "ne" in the nominative form. One set of "ne" pronouns is one of the oldest sets of neo-pronouns, but not all its forms were recorded: '''ne, nim, nis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created around 1850,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> and appeared in print in 1884.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> Some of the better-attested sets of "ne" pronouns, in alphabetical order:

====Ne (nem)====
'''ne, nem, nir, nirs, nemself'''. In the 2019 Gender Census, 27 participants (0.2%) entered the set of pronouns ''ne/nem/nir/nirs/nemself''.{{Gender Census|2019}} 

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''nem''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

====Ne (ner)====
'''ne, ner, nis, nis, nemself'''. In a 1974 issue of ''Today's Education,'' "Mildred Fenner attributes this to Fred Wilhelms."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref><ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> Veterinarian Al Lippart independently proposed the same set of pronouns in 1999, recommending them for use when it would be inappropriate to specify the gender of a human, animal, or deity.<ref>{{cite web|first=Al|last= Lippart|title=Introducing the New Neutral Third Person Singular Personal Pronoun|date=1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318000953/http://www.lippart.com/ne.html |archive-date=18 March 2009|url=http://www.lippart.com/ne.html}}</ref> Lawyer Roberta Morris also independently proposed this same set of pronouns in 2009, saying that these pronouns would be more efficient for within the 140 character limit of Twitter than "he or she." Morris also pointed out that the "n" can refer to "neuter."<ref>Roberta Morris, "The need for a neuter pronoun: A solution." September 29, 2009. [http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520023815/http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ner''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

===No pronouns===

Many nonbinary people prefer not to be referred to by pronouns of any kind; see below for statistics. This can be because they have learned that any set of pronouns can potentially feel uncomfortable for them ([[gender dysphoria]]). In fiction and other writing, avoiding the use of any pronouns for a person can be used to avoid giving any sign of that person's gender. Instead of using pronouns, a person can be referred to by a name, a descriptive word, or the sentence can be rephrased.

While the grammatical labels on the sample sentences below are no longer correct, the sentences can be adjusted to exclude pronouns while still talking about a specific person.

* '''Nominative:''' ''(Demonstrative + noun replaces pronoun)'' When I tell someone a joke, that person laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' ''(Eliminated second reference to the person)'' I greet my friend with a hug.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' ''(Replaced with an "it" that technically has no antecedent but clearly refers to the possessed thing)'' When someone does not get a haircut, it grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' ''(Possessive eliminated)'' If my mobile phone runs out of power, my friend lends me another.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''(Reflexive emphasizing independence replaced with adverb)'' Each child gets food independently.

Using names or descriptions without changing the sentence structure:

* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''Taylor'' a joke ''Taylor'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''Ash'' I hug ''Ash''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''the kid'' does not get a haircut, ''the kid's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''the friend's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''Morgan'' feeds ''Morgan''.

Other noteworthy techniques for removing third-person pronouns from a sentence include:

*'''Passive voice:''' "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When ''he'' finishes, we'll go for a walk" becomes "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When it's done, we'll go for a walk." Here "it" refers to the kitchen or maybe the task of mopping, and we use the passive voice because there's no need to repeat who's doing it.
*'''Second person:''' Instead of talking about someone in the third person, why not talk to them instead? Say you're talking to Kevin and Elisa, who prefers no third-person pronouns, is in the room. You could tell Kevin, "I'd love to go with you for coffee, but Elisa's already claimed me for the evening," but if you do that and want to start expanding on what Elisa's up to, you might be tempted to use third-person pronouns. Instead, you could shift to Elisa and say "but ''you've'' got me booked for the evening," and then Elisa could tell about the plans without being spoken for.
*'''Substitute an article for a possessive pronoun:''' "Morgan couldn't find his coat" becomes "Morgan couldn't find the coat." "Ash broke her toe" becomes "Ash broke a toe."
*'''Other ways to rephrase.''' "The alien slithered closer, and its eyes glowed" becomes "The alien slithered closer, eyes glowing."

'''In use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2018 Gender Census, 10.1% of participants were happy for people to avoid using pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}}

===One===

'''one, one, ones, one’s, oneself'''. This is a standard English set of pronouns used for a hypothetical person whose gender is not specified.

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, only 8 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''one'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''one'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''one''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''one's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''one's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''oneself''.

===Per===

'''per (person), per, per, pers, perself'''. Called "person pronouns," these are meant to be used for a person of any gender. Compare Phelps's [[English neutral pronouns#Phe|phe]] pronouns, which are also based on the word "person." John Clark created "per" pronouns in a 1972 issue of the ''Newsletter of the American Anthropological Association''.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:''' In Marge Piercy's feminist novel, ''Woman on the Edge of Time,'' 1976, Piercy used "per" pronouns for all citizens of a utopian future in which gender was no longer seen as a big difference between people.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' Person pronouns were one of the sets of pronouns built into MediaMOO for users to choose from.<ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Richard Ekins and Dave King used these pronouns in the book ''The Transgender Phenomenon'' (2006).<ref>Richard Ekins and Dave King. ''The Transgender Phenomenon.'' Sage Publications, 2006.</ref> Activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] uses these pronouns for perself. In the 2019 Gender Census, only 6 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''per'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''per'' laughs. (Or ''person'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''per''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''per'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''pers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per]

===She===

[[File:Angel_Haze_live_at_Øyafestivalen_2013.jpg|thumb|[[Angel Haze]] live at Øyafestivalen 2013. Haze identifies as [[agender]] and goes by she/her pronouns.<ref name="tweet2018">{{cite tweet|title=No maam. still identify as agender but just for my own sanity, i like she/her|user=AngelHaze|number=991841256769703936|date=2 May 2018}}</ref>]]

'''she, her, her, hers, herself'''. Often called female pronouns, although, in standard usage, they're not used exclusively for women. Grammarians agree that it is standard and acceptable for this set to be used for women, female animals, and ships. The set is also poetically used for countries and fields of studies, which grammarians also see as acceptable. Some [[feminism|feminists]] recommend replacing "gender-neutral he" with "gender-neutral she." "In 1970, Dana Densmore’s article “Speech is the Form of Thought” appeared in No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation; Densmore is evidently the first U.S. advocate of 'she' as a gender-neutral pronoun, a solution many writers, particularly academic writers, favor today."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> In 1974, Gena Corea recommended replacing the "gender-neutral he" with a "gender-neutral she," and like Denmore, argued that the word "she" would be understood to include the word "he."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use as a gender-neutral pronoun in fiction:'''
* Anne Leckie's science fiction novels ''Ancillary Justice'' (2013) and ''Ancillary Sword'' (2014) were set in a futuristic society that is indifferent to gender, so all the characters are called by gender-neutral "she" pronouns, leaving their actual gender and sex undisclosed. Leckie says she had an assumption at the time that gender is binary, so these are likely not non-binary characters.<ref>Geek's Guide to the Galaxy, "Sci-fi's hottest new writer won't tell you the sex of her characters." October 11, 2014. ''Wired.'' [http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/ http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322233347/https://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* Cartoonist [[Rebecca Sugar]] [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar explained] that in her animated science fiction series, ''Steven Universe,'' the alien people called Gems really have no sex or gender, even though they all look like women. For this reason, the Gems are only arbitrarily called by "she" pronouns. Sugar said, "Technically, there are no female Gems! There are only Gems! [...] Why not look like human females? That's just what Gems happen to look like! [...] There's a 50 50 chance to use some pronoun on Earth, so why not feminine ones-- it's as convenient as it is arbitrary!"<ref>Rebecca Sugar. ''Reddit.'' [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211126031722/https://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is a gender-neutral use of "she" pronouns.

'''Use by real nonbinary people:''' There are nonbinary people who ask people to use "she" pronouns for them, such as singer-songwriter [[Elly Jackson]]{{citation needed}}, musician [[JD Samson]], American comedian, writer, and nurse [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="story">{{Cite web |title=THE STORY |author= |work=kellidunham.com |date= |access-date=24 July 2020 |url= http://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231523/https://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> British musician [[Du Blonde]],<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Sept 27, 2019 instagram post] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519214921/https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> poet [[jayy dodd]],<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite web |title=Interview with jayy dodd, author of Mannish Tongues |last=Kelly |first=Devin |work=entropymag.org |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |url= https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208042908/https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Instagram">[https://www.instagram.com/jxzz_hndz/ Instagram bio], retrieved May 15 2020</ref> author and public speaker [[Olave Basabose]],<ref name="Basabose2019">[https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ This is your annually scheduled PSA: My pronouns are she/her/hers.], July 22, 2019 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513034505/https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> actor [[Cara Delevingne]], activist [[Chao Xiaomi]],<ref name="FangLuu">{{Cite web |title=Chao Xiaomi leads China's fight for transgender rights |last1=Fang |first1=Nanlin |last2=Luu |first2=Chieu |work=CNN |date= |access-date=30 May 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121045310/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> and rapper [[Angel Haze]].<ref name="tweet2018" /> In the 2018 Gender Census, 29% of participants were happy for people to use ''she'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she]

===S/he===

'''s/he (sHe), hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. A set of English gender-neutral pronouns used in books by Timothy Leary in the 1970s, and then by counterculture writers influenced by Leary. For example, in Robert Anton Wilson's book ''Prometheus Rising'' (first published in 1983), which is strongly based on Leary's writings about consciousness, Wilson uses SHe [sic] pronouns to include humans of any kind, as short for "she or he."<ref>Robert Anton Wilson, ''Prometheus Rising.'' Second edition. Grand Junction, Colorado: Hilaritas Press, 2016. Page 55.</ref> It was used in non-fiction writings about spirituality by the Elf Queen's Daughters and the Silver Elves from the 1970s to the present 2010s. It was also used in fiction in Peter David's ''Star Trek'' books. Sometimes with mixed caps, as shown. This pronoun was not entered in the 2018 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2018}} However, notable nonbinary people who have asked to be called by s/he pronouns include revolutionary communist [[Leslie Feinberg]]. In hir book ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue,'' Feinberg wrote,

<blockquote>"I asked Beacon Press to use ''s/he'' [sic] in the author description of me on the cover of ''Transgender Warriors'' [another book by Feinberg]. That pronoun is a contribution from the women's liberation movement. Prior to that struggle, the pronoun 'he' was almost universally used to describe humankind-- 'mankind.' So ''s/he''' opened up the pronoun to include 'womankind.' I used ''s/he'' on my book jacket because it is recognizable as a gender-neutral pronoun to people. But I personally prefer the pronoun ''ze'' because, for me, it melds mankind and womankind into humankind."<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue.'' Page 71.</ref></blockquote>

At different times, Feinberg has asked to go by "s/he," "ze," or "she" pronouns depending on hir needs and the message meant to send. As quoted in hir obituary, Feinberg had said, "I care which pronoun is used, but people have been respectful to me with the wrong pronoun and disrespectful with the right one. It matters whether someone is using the pronoun as a bigot, or if they are trying to demonstrate respect."<ref>https://www.lesliefeinberg.net/self/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629032530/https://www.lesliefeinberg.net/self/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>. Another notable nonbinary person, singer-songwriter [[Genesis Breyer P-orridge]] asks to be referred to by a different version of the s/he pronouns: '''s/he, h/er, h/er, h/ers, h/erself'''.<ref>"Genesis Breyer P-orridge." [http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230410005455/https://genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The Taiwanese intersex activist [[Hiker Chiu]] goes by another variation: s/he, her/him.<ref name="Entenmann">{{Cite web |title="We Are Not Monsters. We Are Full of Love." — Hiker Chiu, Taiwan |last=Entenmann|first=Leah |work=Medium |date=21 December 2015 |access-date=24 June 2020 |url= https://medium.com/alturi-world/we-are-not-monsters-we-are-full-of-love-hiker-chiu-taiwan-62ea9b456d4e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409061745/https://medium.com/alturi-world/we-are-not-monsters-we-are-full-of-love-hiker-chiu-taiwan-62ea9b456d4e |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''s/he'' laughs. (Or ''sHe'' laughs. Or ''s/He'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

===Sie===

'''sie, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Pronounced like either "she" and "her," or "see" and "hear." Derived from German pronouns for "she" and "they."<ref name="aetherlumina feb 29 2012">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html "GNP FAQ"], archive Feb 29 2012</ref> Since the early 1990s, this set has been widely used on the Internet for gender-neutral language when speaking of no specific person, for nonbinary gender characters, and by nonbinary gender people themselves. Elizabeth Bear used these pronouns in a fantasy novel, ''Dust.''<ref>''All our worlds: Diverse fantastic fiction.'' [http://doublediamond.net/aow http://doublediamond.net/aow] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902202733/http://doublediamond.net/aow/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable real people who go by sie/hir include the American autistic activist [[Mel Baggs]] (1980 - 2020)<ref name="TDOV">{{cite web|url=https://withasmoothroundstone.tumblr.com/post/115187595380/transgender-day-of-visibility-mel-age-34|title=Transgender day of visibility.|date=April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413095312/https://withasmoothroundstone.tumblr.com/post/115187595380/transgender-day-of-visibility-mel-age-34|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''sie'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

===Sne===

'''sne, fe, se, se's, sneself'''. An uncommon set of pronouns first attested in anonymous online discussions in the late 2010s. The paradigm consists of nominative sne, accusative fe, possessive se, and reflexive sneself (sometimes rendered sneedself). Its structure parallels other neopronoun sets.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''sne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''fe''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''se'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''se's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''sneself'' (or ''sneedself'').

===They===

{{main|singular they}}

===Thon===

'''thon, thon, thons, thon's, thonself'''. American composer Charles Crozat Converse of Erie, Pennsylvania proposed this pronoun in 1858, based on a contraction of "that one."<ref name="barge viewpoints">{{cite journal|first=Fred|last=Barge|title=Viewpoints from involvement -- 'thon'|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic.|date= August 14, 1992|url= http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520022408/https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ gives this pronoun's date of origin as 1884 instead,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> while ''Words and Women'' gives 1859.<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page 130.</ref> The "thon" pronoun was included in some dictionaries: Webster's International Dictionary (1910), and Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1913), and Webster's Second International (1959). Funk & Wagnalls offered these sentences to show how it should be used: "If Harry or his wife comes, I will be on hand to greet thon," and "Each pupil must learn thon's lesson." "Thon" was used throughout the writings by the founders of chiropractic, B.J. and D.D. Palmer, in 1910.<ref name="barge viewpoints" /> "Thon" is therefore familiar to chiropractors, and sometimes still appears in chiropractic writings, and in works by people who were influenced by that field.

'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' In the 2019 Gender Census, 18 (0.2%) people said that they were happy for people to use ''thon'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''thon'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''thon''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''thons'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''thon's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''thonself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [ https://web.archive.org/web/20190909212705/http://pronoun.is/thon ]

===Ve===

There are several sets of pronouns that use "ve" in the nominative form, the earliest of which was created in 1970.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28036096 (Everywoman, Vol 1, Issue 1, May 8, 1970. Page 2, middle of left side, under the heading "Manglish".) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102034750/http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFGIFEB19700501.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2019 Gender Census, 24 participants (0.2%) used a set of pronouns starting with ''ve''.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''ve, ver, vis, vis, verself''' is the exact set used by Egan, Hulme, and Reynolds (see below). The set's date of creation and creator are not yet known to the editors of this wiki. A nearly-identical but incompletely recorded set was '''ve, vir, vis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created in 1970, and published in the May issue of ''Everywoman.''<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* In Keri Hulme's mystery novel ''The Bone People'' (1984), a character is called by these ve pronouns.<ref name="Outis">Outis, "gender-neutral characters and pronouns." November 20, 2013. [https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230505214112/https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* Used by Greg Egan for non-binary gender characters-- including artificial intelligence, as well as transgender humans who identify as a specific nonbinary gender they call "asex"-- in his novels ''Distress'' (1995) and ''Diaspora'' (1998).<ref>John McIntosh, "ve, vis, ver." [http://www.urticator.net/essay/0/30.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520043531/http://www.urticator.net/essay/0/30.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Egan is sometimes credited with having created these pronouns, but it doesn't appear that he claims to have done so.
* In Alastair Reynolds's science fiction novel ''On the Steel Breeze'' (2013) one character is called by these ve pronouns. The novel never gives any exposition about this character's sex, gender, or pronouns, and vis gender-neutrality doesn't influence the plot. The lack of remark gives the impression that a nonbinary gender is unremarkable, but this is also why some readers thought the pronouns were a misprint.<ref name="Outis" />

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ve'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ver''. (Or: "I hug ''vir''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''vis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''vis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''verself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve]

===Xe===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]]," "ze," "[[English neutral pronouns#Zhe|zhe]]," or "[[English neutral pronouns#Zie|zie]]" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> In alphabetical order, some of the more common versions of this pronoun set include:

====Xe, hir====

'''xe, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]], hir..." set, which is apparently used in more literature and by more people. The "xe" version was "Used on alt.support.[[intergender]]ed and alt.support.[[crossdressing]]," transgender communities on the Internet in the 1990s.<ref>"GNP FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

====Xe, xir====

'''xe, xir, xir, xirs, xirself'''. This pronoun set saw some use on the Internet at least as early as 1998.<ref>Benton, "ADOM and sex." rec.games.roguelike.adom (newsgroup). May 18, 1998. [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230702051023/https://groups.google.com/forum/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xirself''.

====Xe, xyr (xem)====

'''xe, xyr (xem), xyr, xyrs, xyrself (xemself)'''. This pronoun set makes its earliest known appearance in 1993 in a conversation in an autism mailing list on the Internet.<ref>Jim Sinclair, "Re: Jim and Steve's snoring discussion." September 14, 1993. bit.listserv.autism, Usenet. [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230307023529/https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"Xe." ''Wiktionary.'' [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206184934/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The "xem" version of this pronoun set appears in a printed discussion from the mailing list of Autism Network International in 2000, with the explanation that it "was originally used to refer to an intersexed person, but is also used to refer to a person of any gender."<ref>J. Blackburn, K. Gottschewski, Elsa George, and Niki L. "A discussion about Theory of Mind: From an Autistic Perspective," Proceedings of ''Autism Europe's 6th International Congress'', Glasgow 19-21 May 2000, in print. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html]</ref> This pronoun set was recommended in 2005 by Jonathan de Boyne Pollard, with the version that includes "xem," and both "xyrself" and "xemself."<ref>Jonathan de Boyne Pollard. "'Xe', 'xem', and 'xyr' are sex-neutral pronouns and adjectives." 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html]</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 7.2% of people said they'd be happy for people to use ''xe/xem/xyr/xyrs/xemself'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xem''. (Or hug ''xyr''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xyr'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xyrs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xyrself''. (Or feeds ''xemself''.)

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe]

===Ze===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "xe," "ze," "zhe," or "zie" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> "Ze, hir" is the best-attested of the "ze" pronoun sets; see the Talk page for other sets with this nominative form.

====Ze, hir====

'''ze, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]], hir..." set, which is the version less attested by print sources. [[Sarah Dopp]] wrote a blog post about the "ze" version in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sarah|last=Dopp|authorlink=Sarah Dopp|title=How transgender folk are fixing an age-old literary problem|date=13 August 2006|url=http://www.sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520023904/https://sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Leslie Feinberg also used the "ze" version in the book ''Drag King Dreams'' (2006),<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Drag King Dreams.'' New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.</ref> Erika Lopez used the "ze" version in ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir'' (2010).<ref>Erika Lopez, ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir.'' Hicken, Jeffrey, San Francisco: Monster Girl Media, 2010.</ref> M. J. Locke used the "ze" version in the book ''Up Against It'' (2011).<ref>M. J. Locke, ''up Against It.'' New York: Tor, 2011.</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Kameron Hurley used these pronouns in the fantasy novels ''The Mirror Empire'' and ''Empire Ascendant,'' for characters who are ''ataisa,'' an in-between gender role where their culture puts everyone who has a nonbinary gender.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kameron|last=Hurley|title=Beyond He-Man and She-Ra: Writing nonbinary characters|date=3 September 2014|url=https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326002527/https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* In Seth Dickinson's short science fiction story, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230531011906/https://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation]" (2014), a transhuman character of "uncertain ... sex" is called by the pronoun "ze," which only appears in the nominative form.<ref>Seth Dickinson, "Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation." ''Beneath Ceaseless Skies,'' issue 143. March 20, 2014. [http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531011906/https://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' when the narrator Ben recognizes that Chris identifies as nonbinary, Ben begins using "ze, hir" pronouns for Chris, before finding a good moment to ask for Chris's actual pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> In another story by K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the character Pat goes by "ze, hir" pronouns, and uses them for other characters before finding out each of their own pronoun preferences.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Use for real people:'''
* [[Kate Bornstein]] used them in the books ''Nearly Roadkill'' (1996) (with Caitlin Sullivan June)<ref>Caitlin Sullivan June and Kate Bornstein. ''Nearly Roadkill: An Infobahn erotic adventure.'' New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996, p. 10.</ref>, and ''My Gender Workbook'' (1998) in reference to hirself, and to other specific transgender people, as well as hypothetical persons of unspecified gender.<ref>Kate Bornstein, ''My Gender Workbook.'' 1st ed. 1998, p. 106-107, 119, 130-131, 154, 248.</ref> Today, Bornstein goes by any pronouns.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=katebornstein|number=1149734426890424320|date=July 12, 2019|title=Over 71 years, I’ve at one time or another insisted on every pronoun in the book. Finally settled in to it doesn't matter to me what pronouns people use for me—it tells me more about them than it could ever say about me. So thanks for asking, it’s up to you.}}</ref><ref name="Raymond">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Kate Bornstein on Their Broadway Debut in Straight White Men |last=Raymond |first=Gerard |work=Slant Magazine |date=July 11, 2018 |access-date=May 16, 2020 |url= https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221230307/https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Leslie Feinberg]] asked to be called by "ze, hir" pronouns, along with "zie, hir" and "she."<ref name="Pratt">{{cite web|author=Minnie Bruce Pratt|title=Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died|work=The Advocate|date= 17 November 2014| url= http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died}}</ref> In a magazine interview from 2014, Gabriel Antonio and another anonymous person both asked to be called by these pronouns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=He And She, Ze And Xe: The Case For Gender-Neutral Pronouns |author=Donato, Al |work=The Plaid Zebra |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126112903/https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
*Writer [[Sassafras Lowrey]] uses ze/hir pronouns.<ref name="Lowrey2017">{{Cite web |title=A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |work=HuffPost |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102548/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.7% of participants said they would be happy for people to use ''"ze/hir/hir/hirs/hirself"'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ze'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze]

===Zie===

'''zie, zir (zim), zir, zirs, zirself'''. (Compare the most similar pronoun set, "ze, zir", and other similar pronouns, "xe" and "zhe".) The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ says this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") was widely used on the Internet at the time but doesn't know when it was created.<ref name="GNPFAQ">{{cite web |title=GNP FAQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html |url=http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html|archive-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> Andrés Pérez-Bergquist recommended a version of this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zim") in 2000, but claims not to have created it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pérez-Bergquist |first=Andrés |title=Gender-neutral pronouns: The value of zie|date=2000|url=http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216114837/http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html |archive-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* This set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") is in the fantasy setting of Bard Bloom's ''World Tree'', for the many characters with sexes other than female or male. Many species in this setting have such sexes, including the protagonist of a book in that setting, [http://www.amazon.com/Sythyrys-Journal-Chronicle-Transaffection-Adventure/dp/1451562934 Sythyry's Journal], which was first serialized as a blog starting in 2002. The setting also has a role-playing game handbook, ''World Tree: A roleplaying game of species and civilization'' (2001).

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 11 people (around 0.1%) said they'd be happy for people to use ''zie/zir'' (or some similar spelling) to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} A notable nonbinary person who goes by ze/zim is the American writer and model [[Devin-Norelle]].<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/SteroidBeyonce/ Instagram profile], accessed 29 July 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607102022/https://www.instagram.com/steroidbeyonce Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Michael">{{Cite web |title=Meet Devin-Norelle, Chromat's First Masculine of Center Model |author=Michael Love Michael |work=PAPER |date=9 September 2019 |access-date=29 July 2020 |url= https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10#rebelltitem10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209012845/https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''zie'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''zir''. (Or hug ''zim''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''zir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''zirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''zirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie]

==See also==
{{Tumblr post|https://nonbinarywiki.tumblr.com/post/189725910560/pronouns-dont-equal-gender}}
* [[Pronouns]]
* [[Gender neutral language in English]]
* [[Glossary of English gender and sex terminology]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

A.M. Dellamonica

2026-06-13T23:41:51Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Infobox person
| picture=Alyxandra Margaret (A. M.) Dellamonica at FanExpo 2013 (cropped).jpg
| caption=Dellamonica at FanExpo 2013 in Toronto.
| date_birth=February 25, 1968 <ref name="Locus 2019 interview">{{cite web|url=https://locusmag.com/2019/11/l-x-beckett-hopetopia/|title=L.X. Beckett: Hopetopia|website=Locus Magazine|date=November 25, 2019|accessdate=August 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326215454/https://locusmag.com/2019/11/l-x-beckett-hopetopia/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| place_birth=Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| nationality=Canadian
| pronouns=[[they/them]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/AlyxDellamonica|title=@AlyxDellamonica Twitter profile|access-date=August 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225191544/https://twitter.com/alyxdellamonica|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| gender=[[genderqueer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/alyxdellamonica/|title=@alyxdellamonica Instagram profile|quote=Queer & genderqueer Slytherin.|access-date=August 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905030531/https://www.instagram.com/alyxdellamonica/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>, [[bigender]]<ref name="alyx_PressKit">{{Cite web |title=Press Kit – A.M. Dellamonica |author= |work=alyxdellamonica.com |date= |access-date=8 August 2021 |url= https://alyxdellamonica.com/press-kit/ |quote=Dellamonica tells people they are bigendered, bisexual and bisectional. (The latter means they sing both alto and soprano.) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528013326/https://alyxdellamonica.com/press-kit/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="tweet2016">{{cite tweet |user=AlyxDellamonica|number=743281061069787136|date=June 15, 2016|title=Bigendered, bisectional, bisexual. The middle means I sing alto and soprano. I write SF/F/H. Legally married to @kellyoyo #QueerSelfLove}}</ref>
| occupation=
| known_for=
}}
'''A.M. Dellamonica''' or '''Alyx Dellamonica''' is a [[bisexual]]<ref name="alyx_PressKit" /><ref name="tweet2016" /> Canadian science fiction writer who has published over forty short stories in the field since the 1980s. Dellamonica writes in a number of subgenres including science fiction, fantasy, and alternate history. Their stories have been selected for "Year's Best" science fiction anthologies in 2002 and 2007. Dellamonica also publishes some work under the pseudonym '''L.X. Beckett'''.<ref name="Locus 2019 interview" />

They attended Clarion West Writers Workshop in 1995<ref name="Locus 2019 interview" /> and they are a student in the UBC Opt-Res Creative Writing MFA program.

Dellamonica teaches creative writing online at the UCLA Extension Writer's Program and in person at UTSC. They also review science fiction novels and write articles about publishing for science fiction related websites like Clarkesworld and for ''tor.com''.

Their first novel, ''Indigo Springs'', was published by Tor Books in November 2009. Their fourth novel, ''A Daughter of No Nation'', was published in December 2015. Dellamonica's most recent novel is their fifth, ''The Nature of a Pirate.''

==Nominations and awards==
Dellamonica's Joan of Arc alternate history story "A Key to the Illuminated Heretic" was nominated for the 2005 Sidewise Award for Alternate History<ref>[http://www.uchronia.net/sidewise/complete.html#2005 2005 Sidewise Awards Finalists] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230612190005/http://www.uchronia.net/sidewise/complete.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and was on the 2005 Nebula Ballot.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071013204038/http://www.sfwa.org/news/2007/06nebprelim.htm 2006 Preliminary Nebula Award Ballot]</ref> In 2005, they received the Canada Council for the Arts' Grant for Emerging Artists<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100928151009/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/grants/recipients/#Canada Council for the Arts Searchable Grants Listing]</ref>
and in 2015 they received the Ontario Arts Council Grant for Writers' Works in Progress. Dellamonica's first novel, ''Indigo Springs'', was awarded the 2010 Sunburst Award for Canadian Literature of the Fantastic.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101108095737/http://www.sunburstaward.org/content/2010-sunburst-winners#2010 Sunburst Award Winners]</ref> In 2016, their fourth novel ''A Daughter of No Nation'' won the Prix Aurora Award for Best Novel.<ref>[http://www.locusmag.com/News/2016/08/2016-aurora-awards-winners/ 2016 Aurora Award Winners] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201215112711/http://www.locusmag.com/News/2016/08/2016-aurora-awards-winners/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

==Bibliography==

===Novels===
====Indigo Springs====
#''Indigo Springs'', 2009
#''Blue Magic'', 2012

====The Hidden Sea Tales====
#''Child of a Hidden Sea'', 2014
#''A Daughter of No Nation'', 2015
#''The Nature of a Pirate'', 2016

===Short fiction===
*"Lucre's Egg," in ''Crank! Magazine'' (1994)
*"Jailbreak," in ''Terminal Fright Magazine'' (1996)
*"Homage," in ''Crank! Magazine'' (1996)
*"Crusader," in ''Tomorrow Speculative Fiction Magazine'' (1996)
*"Love Equals Four, Plus Six," in ''Realms of Fantasy Magazine'' (1996)
*"Furlough," in ''Pirate Writings Magazine'' (1996)
*"Prodigal," in ''Audio Versions'' (1998)
*"The Man with No Motive," in ''Writer's Block Magazine'' (1997)
*"The One Act," in ''Realms of Fantasy Magazine'' (1997)
*"Novice," in anthology ''365 Scary Stories'' (1998)
*"The Dark Hour," in anthology ''Tesseracts 8'' (1999)
*"Nevada," in webzine ''SCIFI.COM'' (2001)
*"The Girl Who Ate Garbage," co-written with Jessica Reisman in webzine ''SCIFI.COM'' (2001)
*"Three Times over the Falls," in webzine ''SCIFI.COM'' (2002)
*"Living the Quiet Life," in webzine ''Oceans of the Mind'' (2003)
*"A Slow Day at the Gallery," in ''Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine'' (2002)
*"Living the Quiet Life," in webzine ''Oceans of the Mind'' (2003)
*"The Riverboy," in anthology ''Land/Space'' (2003)
*"Cooking Creole," in anthology ''Mojo: Conjure Stories'' (2003)
*"The Children of Port Allain," in ''On Spec Magazine'' (2003)
*"Faces of Gemini," in anthology ''Girls Who Bite Back: Mutants, Slayers, Witches and Freaks'' (2004)
*"Origin of Species," in anthology ''The Many Faces of Van Helsing'' (2004)
*"The Dream Eaters," in anthology ''The Faery Reel'' (2004)
*"Ruby, in the Storm," in webzine ''SCIFI.COM'' (2004)
*"The Spear Carrier," in webzine ''SCIFI.COM'' (2005)
*"[https://www.greatjonesstreet.press/a-key-to-the-illuminated-heretic-by-a-m-dellamonica/ A Key to the Illuminated Heretic]," in Harry Turtledove's anthology ''Alternate Generals III'' (2005), reprinted in Great Jones Street (2017)
*"The Town on Blighted Sea," at Strange Horizons (2007)
*"Time of the Snake," in anthology ''Fast Forward 1: Future Fiction from the Cutting Edge'' (2007)
*"What Song the Sirens Sang," in newspaper 'Xtra West' (2007)
*"Five Good Things about Meghan Sheedy," at Strange Horizons (2008)
*"The Sorrow Fair," at ''Helix Speculative Fiction'' (2008)
*"[https://www.tor.com/2010/07/28/the-cage/ The Cage]," on Tor.com (2010)
*"[http://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/fiction/the-sweet-spot/ The Sweet Spot]," "The Sweet Spot," at Lightspeed (2012)
*"[https://www.tor.com/2012/11/07/wild-things/ Wild Things]," on Tor.com (2012)
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/20150409103601/http://www.tor.com/stories/2014/06/the-color-of-paradox-am-dellamonica The Color of Paradox]", on Tor.com (2014)
*"Tribes," in ''Strangers Among Us: Tales of the Bound and Unbound'', edited by Susan Forest and Lucas K. Law, Laksa Media Group (2016)
*"Bottleneck," ''The Sum of Us:'' THE SUM OF US, edited by Susan Forest and Lucas K. Law, from Laksa Media Group (2017)

====Stormwrack prequel stories====
These stories are prequels to the ''Hidden Sea Tales''.
#"[http://www.tor.com/2012/02/15/among-the-silvering-herd Among the Silvering Herd]," on Tor.com (2012)
#"[http://www.tor.com/2014/03/05/the-ugly-woman-of-castello-di-putti-a-m-dellamonica The Ugly Woman of Castello di Putti]," on Tor.com (2014)
#"[http://www.tor.com/2016/01/06/the-glass-galago-a-m-dellamonica The Glass Galago]," on Tor.com (2016)
#"[https://www.tor.com/2017/02/22/losing-heart-among-the-tall/ Losing Heart Among the Tall]," on Tor.com (2017)
#"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210801232343/https://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/the-boy-who-would-not-be-enchanted/ The Boy Who Would Not Be Enchanted]," Beneath Ceaseless Skies, (2016)

==Links==
*[https://alyxdellamonica.com/ Website]
*[https://twitter.com/AlyxDellamonica Twitter]
*[https://www.instagram.com/alyxdellamonica/ Instagram]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Authors]]
[[Category: Canada]]
[[Category: Genderqueer people]]
[[Category: Nonbinary people]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dellamonica, A.M.}}
{{en-WP attribution notice}}

Quinn

2026-06-10T01:19:27Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Infobox person
| picture=Quinn_June_2018.jpg
| caption=Quinn with the Washington Spirit in June 2018
| date_birth=August 11, 1995
| place_birth=Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| nationality=Canadian
| pronouns=[[they/them]]
| gender=
| occupation=soccer player
| known_for=
}}
'''Quinn''' is a soccer player for OL Reign, a professional soccer team based in Tacoma, Washington, USA. They came out as nonbinary and transgender via an Instagram post in September 2020.<ref name="delaCretaz">{{Cite web |title=Living Nonbinary in a Binary Sports World |last=de la Cretaz |first=Britni |work=Sports Illustrated |date=April 16, 2021 |access-date=April 25, 2021 |url= https://www.si.com/wnba/2021/04/16/nonbinary-athletes-transgender-layshia-clarendon-quinn-rach-mcbride-daily-cover|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307162711/https://www.si.com/wnba/2021/04/16/nonbinary-athletes-transgender-layshia-clarendon-quinn-rach-mcbride-daily-cover |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

They were born in Toronto to a sporting family; their father was a rugby player and their mother a basketball player. Quinn started playing soccer at the age of five.<ref name="olympic">{{Cite web |title=Quinn |author= |work=Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website |date= |access-date=April 25, 2021 |url= https://olympic.ca/team-canada/rebecca-quinn/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413162414/https://olympic.ca/team-canada/rebecca-quinn/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
Quinn attended Duke University, majoring in biology<ref name="olympic" />, and played collegiate soccer for the Duke Blue Devils. After some time playing with the Blue Devils, Quinn became the highest drafted Canadian in National Women's Soccer League history when they were selected third overall by the Washington Spirit in the 2018 NWSL College Draft.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/rebecca-quinn-becomes-highest-drafted-canadian-in-nwsl-history/article37656622/|title=Rebecca Quinn becomes highest-drafted Canadian in NWSL history|website=The Globe and Mail|first=Ben|last=McKeown|date=January 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026154615/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/soccer/rebecca-quinn-becomes-highest-drafted-canadian-in-nwsl-history/article37656622/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

After one season in the NWSL, Quinn signed with Division 1 Féminine club Paris FC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/sports-pmn/rebecca-quinn-signs-with-paris-fc-the-latest-canadian-to-opt-for-a-european-team|title=Rebecca Quinn signs with Paris FC, the latest Canadian to opt for a European team|website=Globe and Mail|first=Neil|last=Davidson|date=February 5, 2019}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Quinn won a silver medal at the 2012 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship in Guatemala. They also represented Canada at the 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and 2015 Pan American Games.

On March 7, 2014, Quinn made their senior national team debut in a 3–1 win against Italy in the 2014 Cyprus Cup. On February 16, 2016, they scored a hat-trick against Guatemala in a 10–0 win at the CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament.

Quinn won a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics with Team Canada.<ref name="olympic" /> On May 25, 2019, they were named to the roster for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canadasoccer.com/together-we-rise-canada-soccer-announces-squad-for-the-fifa-women-s-world-cup-france-2019-p162195-preview-1|title=Together We Rise: Canada Soccer announces squad for the FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019|access-date=May 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016190234/https://www.canadasoccer.com/together-we-rise-canada-soccer-announces-squad-for-the-fifa-women-s-world-cup-france-2019-p162195-preview-1|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

On July 15, 2019, Quinn returned to the NWSL and signed with Reign FC.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rantz |first1=Susie |title=Reign make series of moves to bolster roster |url=https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2019/7/15/20694987/reign-fc-lydia-williams-elise-kellond-knight-rebecca-quinn-new-signings |access-date=15 July 2019 |publisher=Sounder at Heart |date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330200712/https://www.sounderatheart.com/seattle-reign/2019/7/15/20694987/reign-fc-lydia-williams-elise-kellond-knight-rebecca-quinn-new-signings |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Links==
*[https://twitter.com/thequinny5 Twitter]
*[https://www.instagram.com/thequinny5/ Instagram]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Athletes]]
[[Category: Canada]]
[[Category: Nonbinary people]]
{{en-WP attribution notice}}

Luna Ferguson

2026-06-10T00:11:21Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{stub}}
{{Infobox person
| picture=Luna-ferguson-birth-certificate.jpg
| caption=Ferguson with their "X" birth certificate.
| date_birth=
| place_birth=
| nationality=Canadian
| pronouns=[[they/them]]
| gender=[[nonbinary]]
| occupation=filmmaker
| known_for=
}}
'''Luna M. Ferguson''' is a Canadian filmmaker, author, and [[LGBTQ]] activist.

In May 2017, Ferguson applied to change their birth certificate gender to [[nonbinary]]. After extended delay, in September 2017 they filed a human rights complaint with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. The government of Ontario changed its policies in 2018 and issued Ferguson with a birth certificate showing their gender as X.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/gender-x-ontario-issues-its-first-ever-non-binary-birth-n872676 |title=Gender 'X': Ontario issues its first 'nonbinary' birth certificate |publisher=Nbcnews.com |date= |accessdate=2018-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222104704/http://nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/gender-x-ontario-issues-its-first-ever-non-binary-birth-n872676 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Leyland Cecco in Toronto |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/07/ontario-non-binary-birth-certificate-canada-transgender |title=Transgender rights: Ontario issues first non-binary birth certificate | World news |newspaper=The Guardian |date= 2018-05-08|accessdate=2018-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701120930/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/07/ontario-non-binary-birth-certificate-canada-transgender |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/filmmaker-receives-non-binary-birth-certificate-that-correctly-display-who-i-am-after-legal-battle-with-ontario |title=Filmmaker receives non-binary birth certificate 'that correctly display who I am' after legal battle with Ontario |publisher=National Post |date=2018-05-08 |accessdate=2018-06-05 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/joshua-m-ferguson/ill-keep-fighting-until-im-legally-recognized-as-a-non-binary-canadian_a_23255775/ |title=I'll Keep Fighting Until I'm Legally Recognized As A Non-Binary Canadian |publisher=Huffingtonpost.ca |date=2017-10-25 |accessdate=2018-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810035833/https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/joshua-m-ferguson/ill-keep-fighting-until-im-legally-recognized-as-a-non-binary-canadian_a_23255775/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

They wrote a memoir titled ''Me, Myself, They: Life Beyond the Binary'', which was published May 2019.<ref name="anansipress">{{Cite web |title=Me, Myself, They |last=Ferguson |first=Luna |work=House of Anansi Press |date= |access-date=3 August 2020 |url= https://houseofanansi.com/products/me-myself-they|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331025244/https://houseofanansi.com/products/me-myself-they |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Links==
*[https://twitter.com/lunamferguson/ Twitter]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Activists]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Nonbinary people]]
[[Category:Authors]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferguson, Luna}}
{{en-WP attribution notice}}

Hormone therapy

2026-06-09T01:32:16Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{content warning|body parts and periods}}
{{disclaimer|medical}}

'''Hormone therapy''' involves blocking the body's sex hormones and/or replacing or supplementing these with a different sex hormone or set of sex hormones. Sex hormones include estrogen (aka oestrogen), progesterone and testosterone. Blockers include antigonadotropins such as leuprorelin.

Many [[nonbinary]], [[genderqueer]] or gender variant people opt not to undergo hormone therapy, or to follow a full hormone therapy regime equivalent to binary transition. However these are not the only options.

Some people take a low dose of their desired sex hormone, possibly combined with a hormone blocker. This may be intended to allow them experience changes very gradually or may be intended as a 'maintenance dose' designed to be the minimum required to maintain the strength of bones, hair and nails.

Each sex hormone has both permanent and reversible effects. Some people opt to take hormones until permanent effects (such as voice deepening or the growth of breast tissue or facial hair) are achieved and then stop so other nonpermanent effects are reversed. Some may combine this with [[hair removal]] or [[surgery]] to also remove some of the permanent effects, perhaps to achieve a more [[androgyny|androgynous]] or [[gender neutral]] appearance, or to reduce [[gender dysphoria]].

Some people opt not to combine hormone therapy with the equivalent binary social transition, or to socially transition in order to access hormone therapy from [[gatekeeper|medical gatekeepers]], then later 'de-transition' or 're-transition' to their preferred social role or presentation. This may also occur as an unplanned consequence of following whichever aspects of [[transition]] best minimize both social and physical [[gender dysphoria]].

== Suppression of natural hormones ==

=== Puberty blockers ===

''See main article: [[puberty blockers]].''

Puberty blockers are drugs that postpone or temporarily suspend puberty in children and teenagers. They are used for [[transgender]] children, including those who identify as [[nonbinary]], to stop the development of features that they consider to mark the wrong sex,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Jaime|last2=Gomez-Lobo|first2=Veronica|last3=Pine-Twaddell|first3=Elyse|date=2015-12-01|title=Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=136|issue=6|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1542/peds.2015-2849|issn=0031-4005|pmid=26527547|doi-access=free|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628170532/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |title=Looking at suppressing puberty for transgender kids |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617205749/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |title=Transgender Youth Using Puberty Blockers |publisher=[[KQED]] |date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211205947/https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> with the intent to provide transgender youth more time to explore their identity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alegría|first=Christine Aramburu|date=2016-10-01|title=Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice|journal=Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=521–527|doi= 10.1002/2327-6924.12363|pmid=27031444|issn=2327-6924}}</ref> the studies that have been conducted indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.<ref name="lancet_pubertyblockers">{{cite journal | last=Mahfouda | first=Simone | last2=Moore | first2=Julia K | last3=Siafarikas | first3=Aris | last4=Zepf | first4=Florian D | last5=Lin | first5=Ashleigh | title=Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents | journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=5 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=2213-8587 | doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 | pmid=28546095 | pages=816–826 | ref=harv|quote=The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rafferty |first1=Jason |title=Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |date=October 2018 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=e20182162 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |accessdate=23 July 2019|quote=Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.|doi=10.1542/peds.2018-2162 |pmid=30224363 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614175518/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Hembree_et_al">{{cite journal |last1=Hembree |first1=Wylie C |last2=Cohen-Kettenis |first2=Peggy T |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Hannema |first4=Sabine E |last5=Meyer |first5=Walter J |last6=Murad |first6=M Hassan |last7=Rosenthal |first7=Stephen M |last8=Safer |first8=Joshua D |last9=Tangpricha |first9=Vin |last10=T'Sjoen |first10=Guy G |title=Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=November 2017 |volume=102 |issue=11 |page=3881|quote=Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains|doi=10.1210/jc.2017-01658 |pmid=28945902 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, a study in the journal ''Pediatrics'' found that access to pubertal suppression during adolescence was associated with a lower odds of lifetime suicidality among transgender people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turban |first1=Jack |title=Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation |journal=Pediatrics |date=February 2020 |volume=145 |issue=2 |page=e2019172 |doi=10.1542/peds.2019-1725 |pmid=31974216 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |accessdate=11 February 2020|pmc=7073269 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604181439/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

=== Testosterone deprivation ===
One way of achieving an androgynous look through HRT is by depriving the body of testosterone. There are several ways to do so, which will be listed in this section. Keep in mind that this has health risks and you shouldn't do it without first talking to a professional.

* Progestogens: a high dose of progestogens will decrease testosterone levels by a 70% to 80%, which is a significant decrease (albeit not in the average female range).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kjeld|first=J. M.|last2=Puah|first2=C. M.|last3=Kaufman|first3=B.|last4=Loizou|first4=S.|last5=Vlotides|first5=J.|last6=Gwee|first6=H. M.|last7=Kahn|first7=F.|last8=Sood|first8=R.|last9=Joplin|first9=G. F.|date=November 1979|title=EFFECTS OF NORGESTREL AND ETHINYLOESTRADIOL INGESTION ON SERUM LEVELS OF SEX HORMONES AND GONADOTROPHINS IN MEN|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03102.x|journal=Clinical Endocrinology|language=en|volume=11|issue=5|pages=497–504|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03102.x|issn=0300-0664|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526000337/http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03102.x|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This is less than GnRH analogues, which can decrease circulating testosterone levels by 95%.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://site.ebrary.com/id/10014662|title=Urotext-Luts: Urology. Vol. 3 Vol. 3|date=2001|publisher=Urotext|isbn=978-1-903737-03-3|location=Blackrock|language=English|oclc=697776940|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213012318/http://site.ebrary.com/id/10014662|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* Surgical castration: gonadectomy is the surgical removal of the gonads (primary reproductive organs). This process, however, is not reversible and results in the permanent loss of the testes and sterility.
* Low doses: a lower dose of some HRT medications will result in partial demasculinisation.

==== Risks of testosterone deprivation ====
Testosterone deprivation is not recommended by itself, because it will result in estrogen deficiency (because estradiol is produced from testosterone). Estrogens are necessary for both male and female bodies, and a deficiency of this hormone will eventually develop osteoporosis, as well as hot flashes, mood and sleep issues, sexual dysfunction, and accelerated skin ageing. The risk of weight gain, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia is also increased. There are some ways to avoid these risks:

* Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) will reduce bone density loss and osteoporosis risk. However SERMs will also increase testosterone production in AMAB bodies with low T production (not taking into account HRT).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Trost|first=Landon W.|last2=Khera|first2=Mohit|date=July 2014|title=Alternative Treatment Modalities for the Hypogonadal Patient|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11934-014-0417-2|journal=Current Urology Reports|language=en|volume=15|issue=7|pages=417|doi=10.1007/s11934-014-0417-2|issn=1527-2737|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410072943/http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11934-014-0417-2|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* A low-dose estrogen supplement is much safer than SERMs, but the dose required to avoid bone density loss is enough to cause full feminisation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hadji|first=P.|last2=Colli|first2=E.|last3=Regidor|first3=P.-A.|date=December 2019|title=Bone health in estrogen-free contraception|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00198-019-05103-6|journal=Osteoporosis International|language=en|volume=30|issue=12|pages=2391–2400|doi=10.1007/s00198-019-05103-6|issn=0937-941X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410073022/https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00198-019-05103-6|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

=== Suppressing masculinizing and feminizing hormones in adults ===

Possible options for folks who want to suppress both masculinizing and femininizing hormones at the same time are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Sex-hormone_antagonists_alone Mad Gender Science Wiki].

== Feminizing hormone therapy ==
Regular male-to-female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has the goal of reducing testosterone and increasing estrogens until the level of an average AFAB body is reached. This is done through the administration of estrogens, which also reduce testosterone, allowing for physical feminisation, and sometimes with antiandrogens or progestrogens, which decrease testosterone in case the estrogen therapy wasn't enough on its own. Medications like estradiol in their full doses cause full feminisation (including breast development), and some nonbinary people might not mind these changes. This article, however, will deal with transfeminine transition where a fully feminine development is not desired.

=== Prevention of breast development ===
There are some specific ways to avoid breast development while allowing for the rest of the feminisation process to happen. Possible options for feminizing hormone therapy without breast growth are described in detail in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Selective_Estrogen_Receptor_Modulators_.28MTX.29 Mad Gender Science Wiki].

* SERMs (mentioned in the section above) will completely block breast development.
* Topical non-aromatisable androgens (i.e. that can't be converted into an estrogen) applied to the breast will also block breast development, but they are not as effective as SERMs. There is also a risk of the androgen being distributed to other parts of the body and therefore causing masculinisation elsehwere.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kuhn|first=J-M.|last2=Roca|first2=R.|last3=Laudat|first3=Marie-Hélène|last4=Rieu|first4=M.|last5=Luton|first5=J-P.|last6=Bricaire|first6=H.|date=October 1983|title=STUDIES ON THE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC GYNAECOMASTIA WITH PERCUTANEOUS DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00026.x|journal=Clinical Endocrinology|language=en|volume=19|issue=4|pages=513–520|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00026.x|issn=0300-0664|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604064005/http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00026.x|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Mastectomy]] (i.e. surgical removal of breasts) will of course prevent breasts from developing. This is an irreversible option.
* Exposing the breasts to radiation is an irreversible process that might block breast development, although it's not as effective as SERMs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Viani|first=Gustavo Arruda|last2=Bernardes da Silva|first2=Lucas Godói|last3=Stefano|first3=Eduardo Jose|date=July 2012|title=Prevention of Gynecomastia and Breast Pain Caused by Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer: Tamoxifen or Radiotherapy?|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360301612000806|journal=International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics|language=en|volume=83|issue=4|pages=e519–e524|doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.036|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410073001/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360301612000806|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This treatment may increase the risk of breast cancer.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Aksnessæther|first=Bjørg Y.|last2=Solberg|first2=Arne|last3=Klepp|first3=Olbjørn H.|last4=Myklebust|first4=Tor Åge|last5=Skovlund|first5=Eva|last6=Hoff|first6=Solveig Roth|last7=Vatten|first7=Lars J.|last8=Lund|first8=Jo-Åsmund|date=May 2018|title=Does Prophylactic Radiation Therapy to Avoid Gynecomastia in Patients With Prostate Cancer Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer?|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360301618302207|journal=International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics|language=en|volume=101|issue=1|pages=211–216|doi=10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.096|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410073010/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360301618302207|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

It's worth noting that most AMAB people will not experience a marked breast development regardless of medication. Likewise, breast development will stop and might even withdraw if the treatment is stopped.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323359559000076|title=The Breast|last=Mancino|first=Anne T.|last2=Young|first2=Zachary T.|last3=Bland|first3=Kirby I.|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-35955-9|pages=104–115.e5|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-35955-9.00007-6|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410072952/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323359559000076|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

== Masculinizing hormone therapy ==
{{incomplete|section=yes}}

Possible options for masculinizing hormone therapy without some potentially undesirable effects, such as acne, are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Selective_Androgen_Receptor_Modulators_.28FTX.29 Mad Gender Science Wiki].

=== Preventing periods ===
Periods are often a source of [[Gender dysphoria|dysphoria]] for [[AFAB]] nonbinary people. There are several ways of preventing them:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carswell|first=Jeremi M.|last2=Roberts|first2=Stephanie A.|date=December 2017|title=Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|journal=Transgender Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=195–201|doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|issn=2380-193X|pmc=PMC5684657|pmid=29142910|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410073008/https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* Testosterone: testosterone will prevent periods (although the changes won't be immediate). The recommended dose will change depending on the person.
* Progestogens: these will also prevent (or, at least, decrease) periods, although they are not as effective as testosterone. However, they won't cause masculinisation.
* Aromatase inhibitors: aromatase inhibitors increase the testosterone that is already found in any person's body. However, it has menopausal-like side effects (such as fatigue, headache, etc.).
* Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: SERMs are not commonly used on transmaculine people for this purpose, as they also cause menopausal-like side effects.
* GnRH agonists: also known as "puberty blockers" within the transgender community, they are not recommended as a long-term solution, as they can cause poor bone health. Most people who prescribe puberty blockers will check your bone density and/or bone health ever 1-2 years after starting them.

Methods for permanently stopping menstrual bleeding which are not a form of hormone therapy include [[uterine ablation]], in which the inside of the uterus is cauterized to prevent it from developing or shedding uterine lining, and [[hysterectomy]], the surgical removal of the uterus. Neither of these necessarily prevent other symptoms of menstrual cycles, such as mood swings during premenstruation.

==See also==
*[[Transition]]
*[[Surgery]]
*[[Nonbinary healthcare (UK)]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Transition]]

History of nonbinary gender/ru

2026-06-09T01:31:57Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Content warning|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">some troubling events that could be traumatic for some readers. Some historical quotes use language that is now seen as offensive</span>}}
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This article on the '''history of nonbinary gender''' should focus on events directly or indirectly concerning people with [[nonbinary]] [[gender identity|gender identities]]. It should not be about [[LGBT]] history in general. However, this history will likely need to give dates for a few events about things other than nonbinary gender, such as major events that increased visibility of [[transgender]] people in general, [[gender variant]] people from early history who may or may not have been what we think of as nonbinary, and laws that concern [[intersex]] people that can also have an effect on the legal rights of nonbinary people.
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==Рекомендации==

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Here are some tips for writing respectfully about historical gender variant people whose actual preferred names, pronouns, and gender identities might not be known.
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* '''Dead names.''' It is disrespectful to call a transgender person by their former name ("dead name") rather than the name that they chose for themself. Some consider their dead name a secret that shouldn't be put in public at all. For living transgender people in particular, this history should show only their chosen names, not their dead names. In this history, some deceased historical transgender persons may have their birth names shown in addition to their chosen names, in cases where it is not known which name they preferred, or where it is otherwise impossible to find information about that person, if one wants to research their history. This should be written in the form of "Chosen Name (née Birth Name)." If history isn't sure which name that person earnestly preferred, write it in the form of "Name, or Other Name."
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* '''Pronouns.''' It is disrespectful to call a person by pronouns other than those that they ask for. Some historical persons whose preferred pronouns aren't known should be called here by [[Pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns]]. If this isn't possible, [[Pronouns#They|they]] pronouns.
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* '''Words for a person's gender, assigned and otherwise.''' It is disrespectful to label a person's gender otherwise than they ask for, but it's not always possible to do so. In the case of some historical people, history has recorded how they lived, and what [[gender assigned at birth|gender they were assigned at birth]], but not how they preferred to label their gender identity. For example, it's not known whether certain historical people who were assigned female at birth ([[AFAB]]) lived as men because they identified as men (were [[transgender men]]), or because it was the only way to have a career in that time and place (and were gender non-conforming [[cisgender women]]). This should be mentioned in the more respectful form of, for example, "assigned male at birth ([[AMAB]]), lived as a woman," rather than "really a man, passed as a woman." For another example, writing "a military doctor discovered Smith was AFAB" is more respectful than saying "a military doctor discovered Smith was really a woman." For people who lived before the word "transgender" was created, it may be more suitable to call them "gender variant" rather than "transgender." On the other hand, if we have enough information about such a person, we may do best by such people by describing them with the terminology that they most likely would have used for their gender identity if they lived in the present day, with our language.
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==Wanted events in this time-line==
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Please help fill out this time-line if you can add information of these kinds:
* Events in the movement for keeping the genders of babies undisclosed.
* Events concerning [[nonbinary celebrities]], and historical persons who clearly stated they were neither female nor male, or both, or androgynes, etc.
* Skim nonbinary blogs looking for past and current historical events.
* Events that show that transgender and especially nonbinary gender identities existed long before the twentieth century.
* Changes in the use of gendered versus gender-neutral language.
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==Antiquity==
* In Mesopotamian mythology, among the earliest written records of humanity, there are references to types of people who are neither male nor female. Sumerian and Akkadian tablets from the 2nd millennium BCE and 1700 BCE describe how the gods created these people, their roles in society, and words for different kinds of them. These included eunuchs, women who couldn't or weren't allowed to have children, men who live as women, intersex people, gay people, and others.<ref>Murray, Stephen O., and Roscoe, Will (1997). ''Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature.'' New York: New York University Press.</ref><ref>Nissinen, Martti (1998). ''Homoeroticism in the Biblical World'', Translated by Kirsi Stjedna. Fortress Press (November 1998) p. 30. ISBN|0-8006-2985-X<br>See also: Maul, S. M. (1992). ''Kurgarrû und assinnu und ihr Stand in der babylonischen Gesellschaft.'' Pp. 159–71 in Aussenseiter und Randgruppen. Konstanze Althistorische Vorträge und Forschungern 32. Edited by V. Haas. Konstanz: Universitätsverlag.</ref><ref>Leick, Gwendolyn (1994). ''Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature''. Routledge. New York.</ref>
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[[File:Sekhet hieroglyphs.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The word "sekhet" in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.</span><ref name="Brustman">Mark Brustman. "The Third Gender in Ancient Egypt." ''"Born Eunuchs" Home Page and Library.'' 1999. https://people.well.com/user/aquarius/egypt.htm</ref>]]
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* {{#if:1|{{#section:Gender variance in spirituality|SekhetDefinition}}}}
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* Many cultures and ethnic groups have concepts of [[gender-variant identities worldwide|traditional gender-variant roles]], with a history of them going back to antiquity. These gender identities and roles are often analogous to nonbinary identity, as they don't fit into the Western idea of the [[gender binary]] roles. The [[Hijra]] of South Asian countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh date back to 400 BCE or 300 CE, where they were mentioned in the ''Kama Sutra.'' The Hijra are feminine eunuchs who consider themselves neither male nor female. The Scythians, who were Eurasian nomadic horseriders, were well-known to other civilizations for honoring gender-variant people as priests and warriors. The Scythians invented the world's earliest known hormone therapy as far back as the 7th century BCE, using licorice root as an antiandrogen,<ref name="enarees kaldera">Raven Kaldera. "Ergi: The Way of the Third." ''Northern-Tradition Shamanism.'' https://web.archive.org/web/20130501152328/http://www.northernshamanism.org/shamanic-techniques/gender-sexuality/ergi-the-way-of-the-third.html</ref> and mare's urine as an oestrogen, much as is used in the modern oestrogen medication, Premarin.<ref name="enarees savage 74">Helen Savage. (2006) "Changing sex? : transsexuality and Christian theology." Doctoral thesis, Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3364/</ref> Hundreds of pre-colonial Native American cultures recognized various kinds of gender roles (today called by the umbrella term [[Two-Spirit]]) who did not fit into the Western gender binary. The [[māhū]] of Hawaii and Tahiti were also pre-colonial genders outside male and female. As far back as six centuries ago, the Bugis people of Indonesia have recognized five genders, one of which, called [[Bissu]], is a combination of all the genders, even if they are not physically intersex.<ref name=ABC>{{cite news|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation News|first=Farid M|last=Ibrahim|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|accessdate=27 February 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227045350/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|archive-date=27 February 2019|title=Homophobia and rising Islamic intolerance push Indonesia's intersex bissu priests to the brink|date=27 February 2019}}</ref> As far back as the 1st century CE, classical Judaism has recognized six genders/sexes, with distinct prohibitions for each.<ref>Robbie Medwed. "More Than Just Male and Female: The Six Genders in Classical Judaism." ''Sojourn'' (blog). June 01, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714011440/http://www.sojourngsd.org/blog/sixgenders</ref>
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==Eleventh century==
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* The Anglo-Saxon word ''wæpen-wifestre'', or ''wæpned-wifestre'' (Anglo-Saxon, ''wæpen'' "sword," "penis," "male" (or ''wæpned'' "weaponed," "with a penis," "male") + ''wif'' woman, + ''estre'' feminine suffix, thus "woman with a weapon," "woman with a penis," or "man woman") was defined in an eleventh-century glossary (Antwerp Plantin-Moretus 32) as meaning "hermaphrodite." The counterpart of this word, ''wæpned-mann,'' simply meant "a person armed with a sword" or "male person."<ref>Dana Oswald, ''Monsters, Gender and Sexuality in Medieval English Literature.'' Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 2010. p. 93.</ref><ref name="ClarkMedieval">David Clark. ''Between medieval men: Male friendship and desire in early medieval English literature.'' Oxford University Press, 2009. P. 63-65.</ref> ''Wæpen-wifestre'' is known to be a synonym for "scrat" (intersex).<ref>''Catholicon Anglicum: An English-Latin Word-book, dated 1483, volume 30.'' Accessed via Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=I7wKAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&pg=PA325#v=onepage&q=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&f=false</ref> Another synonym given for ''wæpen-wifestre'' is ''bæddel,'' an which also means intersex, but also feminine men, from which the word "bad" is thought to be derived, due to its use as a slur.<ref>"bad (adj.)" ''Online Etymology Dictionary.'' https://www.etymonline.com/word/bad</ref> The related word ''bæddling'' was used in eleventh-century laws for men who had sex with men in a receptive role.<ref name="ClarkMedieval" /> Additional meanings of ''wæpen-wifestre'' are possible. When ''wæpen-wifestre'' is read as "woman with a penis," it could describe a feminine man, a man who has sex with men, or a transgender woman. When read as "woman with a sword," it could refer to a warrior woman. When read as "man woman," it could mean not only an intersex person, but also people who transgressed the gender binary that seems to have been the rule in Anglo-Saxon England, as far as is known from limited literature from that era. From this range of meanings that the word potentially covers, it's possible that ''wæpen-wifestre'' may have been a general category for intersex, queer, and gender-variant people in Britain, during the time that was contemporary to Beowulf.
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==Seventeenth century==
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* A blog post by the Merriam Webster dictionary editors says, "In the 17th century, English laws concerning inheritance sometimes referred to people who didn’t fit a gender binary using the pronoun ''it'', which, while dehumanizing, was conceived of as being the most grammatically fit answer to gendered pronouns around then."<ref>“Words We’re Watching: Singular 'They:' Though singular 'they' is old, 'they' as a nonbinary pronoun is new—and useful.” ''Merriam Webster.'' https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they Captured November 2017.</ref> This is an example of people being considered legally outside of male and female. ''Editors at this wiki would appreciate more information and sources about the laws in question, their dates, and what categories of people they referred to. (Unborn children? Intersex people? People who didn't conform to gender norms?)''
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas(ine)_Hall Thomas Hall, who apparently had an equal preference for the birth-name Thomasine] (c.1603 – after 1629), was an English servant in colonial Virginia. Hall was raised as a girl, and then presented as a man in order to enter the military.<ref>Norton, Mary Beth, "Communal Definitions of Gendered Identity in Colonial America", Ronald Hoffman, Mechal Sobel, Fredrika J. Teute (eds) ''Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1997), pp. 40ff. </ref> After leaving the military, Hall freely alternated between feminine and masculine attire from one day to the next, until Hall was accused of having sex with both men and women. Whether someone was legally a man or a woman would result in different punishments for that. Several physical examinations disagreed on the details of Hall's sex, and concluded that Hall had been born [[intersex]]. Previously, common law required that if a court concluded that someone was intersex, this would result in an injunction that they must live the rest of their life as strictly either male or female, whichever their anatomy resembled the most closely. In this case, the court ruled that "hee is a man and a woeman," and gave the injunction that Hall must from then on wear both masculine and feminine clothing at the same time: "goe clothed in man's apparell, only his head to bee attired in a coyfe and croscloth with an apron before him"<ref>Floyd, Don (2010). ''The Captain and Thomasine''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Enterprises. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-557-37676-6.</ref><ref>Reis, Elizabeth (September 2005). "Impossible Hermaphrodites: Intersex in America, 1620–1960". ''The Journal of American History'': 411–441.</ref> Intersex is not the same thing as nonbinary, and so an intersex person can identify as a man, woman, or some other gender. Hall was apparently an intersex person who did not identify strictly as a man or woman, preferred a [[genderfluid|fluid]] [[gender expression]], and was then given a legal sex that was both.
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==Eighteenth century==
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[[File:Public Universal Friend portrait.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A portrait of the Public Universal Friend, from the Friend's biography written by David Hudson in 1821.</span>]]
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* "[[Singular they]]" had already been the standard [[English neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronoun in English]] for hundreds of years. However, in 1745, prescriptive grammarians began to say that it was no longer acceptable. Their reasoning was that neutral pronouns don't exist in Latin, which was thought to be a better language, so English shouldn't use them, either. They instead began to recommend using "[[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]" as a gender-neutral pronoun.<ref>Maria Bustillos, "Our desperate, 250-year-long search for a gender-neutral pronoun." January 6, 2011. [http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun]</ref> This started the dispute over the problem of acceptable gender-neutral pronouns in English, which has carried on for centuries now.
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* [[Māhū]] ("in the middle") in Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures are [[third gender]] persons with traditional spiritual and social roles within the culture. The māhū gender category existed in their cultures during pre-contact times, and still exists today.<ref>Kaua'i Iki, quoted by Andrew Matzner in 'Transgender, queens, mahu, whatever': An Oral History from Hawai'i. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context Issue 6, August 2001</ref> In the pre-colonial history of Hawai'i, māhū were notable priests and healers, although much of this history was elided through the intervention of missionaries. The first written Western description of māhū occurs in 1789, in Captain William Bligh's logbook of the Bounty, which stopped in Tahiti where he was introduced to a member of a "class of people very common in Otaheitie called Mahoo... who although I was certain was a man, had great marks of effeminacy about him."<ref>William Bligh. Bounty Logbook. Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref>
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* The [[Public Universal Friend]] (1752 - 1819) was a genderless evangelist who traveled throughout the eastern United States to preach a theology based on that of the Quakers, which was actively against slavery. The Friend believed that God had reanimated them from a severe illness at age 24 with a new spirit, which was genderless. The Friend refused to be called by the birth name,<ref name="Moyer-12 Winiarski-430 Juster-MacFarlane-27-28">Moyer, p. 12; Winiarski, p. 430; and Susan Juster, Lisa MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism: Race, Gender, and the Creation of American Protestantism'' (1996), p. 27, and p. 28.</ref> even on legal documents,<ref name="Brekus-85">Catherine A. Brekus, ''Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845'' (2000), p. 85</ref> and insisted on being called by no pronouns. Followers respected these wishes, avoiding gender-specific pronouns even in private diaries, and referring only to "the Public Universal Friend" or short forms such as "the Friend" or "P.U.F."<ref name="Juster-MacFarlane-27-28 Brekus-85 etc">Juster & MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism'', pp. 27-28; Brekus, p. 85</ref> The Friend wore clothing that contemporaries described as androgynous, which were usually black robes. The Friend's followers came to be known as the Society of Universal Friends, and included people who were black, and many unmarried women who took on masculine roles in their communities.<ref name="Lamphier-Welch-331">Peg A. Lamphier, Rosanne Welch, ''Women in American History'' (2017), p. 331.</ref>
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* [[Jens Andersson]] was a nonbinary person in Norway, who married a woman in 1781. It was soon discovered that Andersson had a female body, and the marriage was annulled, while Andersson was accused of sodomy. In the trial, Andersson was asked: "Are you a man or a woman?" It was recorded that the answer was that "he thinks he may be both".[https://skeivtarkiv.no/skeivopedia/et-besynderligt-givtermaal-mellem-tvende-fruentimmer]
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* [[Romaine-la-Prophétesse]] was a leader of a slave uprising in 1791-92, early in the Haitian Revolution, that for a time governed much of southern Haiti, including two major cities. Romaine identified as a prophetess, dressed like a woman, and spoke of being possessed by a female spirit, but also reportedly identified as a godson of the Virgin Mary and used masculine pronouns in self-references in dictated letters; Romaine has therefore been interpreted by modern scholars as perhaps [[genderfluid]]<ref name="R52">Terry Rey, ''The Priest and the Prophetess'' (2017), pp. 52-53</ref> or [[transgender]],<ref name="R52"/><ref name="Albanese">Mary Grace Albanese, "Unraveling the Blood Line: Pauline Hopkins's Haitian Genealogies", in ''J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists'', volume 7, number 2, Fall 2019, p. 234</ref> or might have been [[bigender]].
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==Nineteenth century==
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[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We'Wha, a Zuni Two-Spirit (''Lhamana'') person who lived 1849-1896.</span>]]
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27wha We'wha] (1849–1896) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, and the most famous ''lhamana'' on record. In traditional Zuni culture, the ''lhamana'' take on roles and duties associated with both men and women, and they wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing. They work as mediators. As a notable fiber artist, weaver, and potter, We'wha was a prominent cultural ambassador for Native Americans in general, and the Zuni in particular. In 1886, We'wha was part of the Zuni delegation to Washington D.C.. They were hosted by anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson and, during that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland. Friends and relatives alternated masculine and feminine pronouns for We'Wha. We'wha was described as being highly intelligent, having a strong character, and always being kind to children.<ref name=Stevenson37>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p. 37</ref><ref name=Bost139>Suzanne Bost, Mulattas and Mestizas: Representing Mixed Identities in the Americas, 1850-2000, (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2003, pg.139</ref>
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[[File:Mapah (Grandville).jpg|thumb|150px|A contemporary caricature of the Mapah, preaching in front of a relief with masculine signifiers on the left (pipe, sword), and feminine on the right (corset, distaff).]]
* [[Simon Ganneau]] (1806 - 1851) was a sculptor and Parisian prophet. He wore a combination of feminine and masculine signifiers: a beard, a working man's blouse, and a woman's mantle. He called himself by the title "the Mapah," which was a combination of the words ''mater'' (mother) and ''pater'' (father). He created a mystical religion he called Evadaisme, meaning "Eve-Adam-ism." This taught that the next phase of human development would be androgyny, coming from the femininity of Mary-Eve marrying the masculinity of Christ-Adam. Evadaisme condemned sexist traditions, such as taking the surname of one's father and not one's mother. Though the Mapah was poor, he was well-educated, and spoke eloquently. He preached to working-class men and sex workers.<ref>Shawn P. Wilbur. "Notes on Simon Ganneau (the Mapah) and Evadaisme." July 14, 2019. https://www.libertarian-labyrinth.org/utopian-and-scientific/notes-on-simon-ganneau-the-mapah-and-evadisme/</ref><ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androgyne_Evadam_(Mapah,_1838).jpg</ref> The Mapah taught Éliphas Lévi (1810 – 1875), inspiring the latter to become interested in the occult. Lévi then become the best-known occultist of the nineteenth century. Through Lévi, the occult practice of Western ceremonial magic owes much of its origins to the Mapah.<ref>https://www.grupopensamento.com.br/produto/dogma-e-ritual-da-alta-magia-nova-edicao-5550</ref><ref>Christopher McIntosh, ''Éliphas Lévi and the French Occult Revival'', 1972.</ref>
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=== 1870ые ===
[[File:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (from Kennedy).jpg|thumb|150px|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895), who described "a neutral sex" that was not physically intersex.</span>]]
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* Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895) developed a theory in which men who are attracted to men and women who are attracted to women are thus because they are members of a third sex, a mixture of both male and female, and with the psyche or essence of the "opposite" sex, even though their bodies look like cis-gender male and female bodies. The terms "homosexual," "bisexual," and "heterosexual" didn't exist yet, so he coined terms for them all. The overall phenomenon he called [[Uranismus]] (in the original German, ''Urningtum''), gay men were uranians (German ''urnings''), lesbians were uraniads (German ''urningin'', as ''-in'' is the feminine suffix), whereas heterosexuals were ''Dionings'', so bisexual men were ''uranodionings,'' and so on, all of which were distinct from ''zwitter'' (intersex). Ulrichs based this naming system on "Plato's ''Symposium'', where two different kinds of love [...are] ruled by two different goddesses of love-- Aphrodite, daughter of Uranus, and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus and Dione. The second Aphrodite rules those who love the opposite sex." <ref>''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 61. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref> Ulrichs argued that their condition was as natural and healthy as that of what we now call heterosexual people, and he started the movement fighting for their equal legal rights to express their love "between consenting adults, with the free consent of both parties," in his words from 1870, and that they should not be pathologized nor criminalized for doing so.<ref name="UlrichsAraxes">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Araxes: Appeal for the liberation of the urning's nature from penal law." 1870. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 63-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref>. Although Uranismus was generally addressed in terms of orientation, Ulrichs specifically described various categories of uranians in terms of their gender nonconformity and gender variance. For example, in regard to feminine gay men or queens (who he called ''Weiblings''), Ulrichs wrote in 1879, <blockquote>"The Weibling is a total mixture of male and female, in which the female element is even predominant, a thoroughly hermaphroditically organized being. Despite his male sexual organs, he is more woman than man. He is a woman with male sexual organs. He is a neutral sex. He is a [[neuter]]. He is the hermaphrodite of the ancients."<ref name="UlrichsArrow">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Critical arrow." 1879. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 64-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref></blockquote>
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: Ulrichs goes on to say the direct counterpart of the Weibling among those were were assigned female at birth is "the masculine-inspired, woman-loving Mannlingin," who is equally gender-variant.<ref name="UlrichsArrow" /> Ulrichs emphasizes that Uranismus includes gender-variant people, distinct from those who conform from their gender, and also distinct from people born with physical intersex characteristics. As such, Uranismus included people who might today identify as nonbinary.
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=== 1880ые ===

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* The earliest known true [[transsexual]] genital conversion [[surgery]] of any kind was performed in 1882 on a [[Binary genders#Transgender men|trans man]] named Herman Karl.<ref>James Sears, ''Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Issues in Education.'' p. 109. [http://books.google.com/books?id=w7365W7rQKQC&lpg=PA109&ots=gSa98lwR0v&dq=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&f=false Google Books link]</ref> However, "earliest transsexual genital conversion surgery" depends on one's definition. [[Eunuch]]s have been around for all of human history, and while many eunuchs consider themselves [[Binary genders#Cisgender men|cisgender men]], many others consider themselves another gender that isn't female or male, such as [[hijra]]. Some sources credit the first trans male genital conversion surgery as, instead, the one performed on a trans man named Michael Dillon in the 1930s, perhaps depending on how one defines that surgery.
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=== 1890ые ===

[[File:Autobiography of an Androgyne - The Author—A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jennie June]] in her autobiography, posing as "A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos." 1918.]]

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* Based on Ulrich's work in the 1870s, which were the foundation of Western notions of LGBT people for the next several decades, clinical beliefs around the time of the 1890s "conflat[ed] sex, sexual orientation, and gender expression," thinking of (to use modern words for them) gay, lesbian, transgender, and gender non-conforming people as all having some kind of intersex condition. Such people were said to have "sexual inversion," and were called "inverts."<ref>"What's the history behind the intersex rights movement?" ''Intersex Society of North America.'' http://www.isna.org/faq/history </ref>. Another name used for the same category through the 1890s and 1910s was "the intermediate sex," or the "intermediates," which was not physically intersex, and was understood to be often (though not always) gender nonconforming.<ref>Edward Carpenter. "The intermediate sex." ''Love's Coming-of-Age.'' 1906. Accessed via the archive in ''Sacred Texts'' at http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/lca/lca09.htm</ref>
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* During the 1890s, Paresis Hall in New York City was a place with an active nightlife of LGBT people. In 1895, the autobiographer [[Jennie June]] formed an organization called the Cercle Hermaphroditos, along with other [[androgyne]]s like June's self who frequented Paresis Hall. The purpose of the group was to "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution," and to show that it was natural to be an invert (an LGBT person).<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> This is one of the earliest known organizations in the US for LGBT rights.<ref>Gross, Tasha. "LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery". ''LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery''. N.p., December 4, 2014. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> <ref name="OutHistory intro">Out History. "Introduction." ''Earl Lind (Raph Werther - Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921.'' October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621082140/https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earl-lind/intro/intro</ref><ref name="Stryker2007">{{Cite web |title=Why the T in LGBT is here to stay |last=Stryker |first=Susan |work=Salon |date=11 October 2007 |access-date=4 July 2020 |url= https://www.salon.com/control/2007/10/11/transgender_2/}}</ref>
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==Twentieth century==
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* In 1905, a 61-year-old person named Randolph Milbourne was arrested for publicly wearing women's clothing. Later, Milbourne stated that "While physically I am a man, yet spiritually and intellectually I am neither a man nor a woman".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Spokane Press|date=May 15, 1905 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1905-05-15/ed-1/seq-3/|title=Ohio Man Wears Woman's Garb In Spite Of Courts}}</ref>

[[File:1933-may-10-berlin-book-burning.JPG|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In 1933, Nazis in Berlin burned works by leftists and other authors considered "un-German", including thousands of books looted from the library of Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research.</span>]]
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* During the 1910s, German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld created the word "transvestite," which at the time meant many more kinds of transgender and even transsexual people. Hirschfeld opened the first clinic to regularly serve them.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research had a library of literature about LGBT people, collected from all over Europe, that couldn't be found anywhere else. This started to bring about a revolution in how society understood and accepted LGBT people, and allowing [[children]] to be [[gender nonconformity|gender nonconforming]]. Then, in 1933, the Nazis destroyed it all. This set back LGBT rights for another 40 or so years. The progress wasn't matched again until at least 1990.
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* [[Jennie June]] (aforementioned in the 1890s) wrote a trilogy of autobiographies focusing on inversion: ''The Autobiography of an Androgyne'' (published 1918), ''The Female-Impersonators'' (published 1922), and ''The Riddle of the Underworld'' (written 1921, lost, and rediscovered in 2010).<ref name="OutHistory sell">Randall Sell. "Randall Sell: Encountering Earl Lind, Ralph Werther, Jennie June." ''Earl Lind (Raph Werther - Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921.'' Out History. October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621082140/https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earl-lind/intro/intro</ref> June's goal in writing these books was to help create an accepting environment for young adults who do not adhere to gender and sexual norms, to prevent youth from committing suicide.<ref name="Meyerowitz 2010">Meyerowitz, J. "Thinking Sex With An Androgyne". ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'' 17.1 (2010): 97–105. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref>
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===1940ые===

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[[File:Claude Cahun.jpg|thumb|Claude Cahun.]]
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* During WWII, the Jewish surrealist artist [[Notable nonbinary people#Claude Cahun|Claude Cahun]] (who described their gender as "neutral")<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disavowals : or cancelled confessions|first=Claude|last=Cahun|date=2008|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=9780262533034|oclc=922878515}}</ref> with their life-partner Marcel Moore (also a Jewish artist who chose a neutral name) engaged in resistance work and activism against the Nazis during the German occupation of France. In 1944, Cahun and Moore were arrested by the Nazis and sentenced to death, but the sentence was never carried out as the island was liberated from German occupation in 1945.<ref name=":1" >{{Cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Corinne|date=2005|title=Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification|url=|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=13|pages=37–50|via=Project MUSE}}</ref>
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===1960ые===

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* Although the earliest known ''recorded'' mention of the gender-neutral title [[Mx]] was in a magazine article in 1977,<ref>Practical Androgyny (PractiAndrogyny). May 4, 2015. [https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801 https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801]</ref><ref>''The Single Parent'', vol 20. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx]</ref> anecdotes say it was in use as far back as 1965.<ref>Cassian Lotte Lodge (cassolotl). "Mx has been around since the 1960s." November 26, 2014. Blog post. [http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405 http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405]</ref><ref>octopus8. November 18, 2014. Comment on news article. [http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815 http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815]</ref>
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===1970ые===

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[[File:D.J._Beck.PNG|thumb|280px|D.J. Beck, who described themself as neither male nor female in a 1978 interview published in ''Philadelphia Gay News''.]]
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* During the 1970s and 1980s, feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift were significant influences on encouraging people to take up [[gender neutral language|gender inclusive language]], as an alternative to sexist language that excludes or dehumanizes women. Some of their books on this are ''Words and Women'' (1976) and ''The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing'' (1980). They also encoraged the use of gender neutral pronouns.<ref>Elizabeth Isele, "Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women who dared to disturb the lexicon." http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html </ref> Though their work doesn't directly acknowledge the existence of people outside the gender binary, it did help break down societal views of masculine-as-default, and even the extent of the gender binary in language.
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* Up until the 1970s, LGBT people of all kinds largely had a sense of being on the same side together. A major rift started in 1979, when [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender woman]] Janice Raymond wrote the book ''Transsexual Empire,'' which outlined her transphobic conspiracy theory which told cisgender women to fear trans women. This started the [[cissexism|trans-exclusionary movement]]. As a result, many [[feminism|feminist]], lesbian, and women-only spaces became hostile to trans women. This dividing issue made it difficult for feminism to develop an understanding of transgender issues in general. In response, the movement of transgender studies began with an essay by trans woman Sandy Stone in 1987.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref> Today, the term TERF (Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist) means supposed feminists who discriminate against [[woman#transgender women|trans women]].
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* A 1978 issue of ''Philadelphia Gay News'' contains an interview with someone who started a [[transfeminine]] [[transition]], lived as a woman for a year and a a half, then ceased taking feminizing hormones. The person, going by the name [[D.J. Beck]] at the time, states in the interview that "[Our culture feels] that one must be male or one must be female. Our society demands that you cannot be both, you cannot be in between, you cannot be flexible." and "As much as I felt uncomfortable as a male, I felt unnatural as a female." The interview concludes with Beck saying, "I learned that I'm something that we haven't put a label on yet. I'm something that I think a lot of men and women will someday be able to accept and admit they are: people of a personal psyche that doesn't have to be male or female. [...] The time is coming when we will quit thinking in terms of he or she, and live in the shades of gray." <ref>{{cite journal|date=October 15, 1978|title=Turning back from a one-way journey|journal=Philadelphia Gay News|last=Cwiek|first=Tim|pages=7, 10, 16 |url=https://voices.revealdigital.org/?a=d&d=JDJAJHJJF19781015.1.10&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1}}</ref> If Beck was alive today, they may have identified under the nonbinary/genderqueer umbrella.
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===1980ые===

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* In the 1980s, the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-III, included "Gender Identity Disorder" to diagnose people as transsexual.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> It frames being trans as a strictly pathological mental condition. Getting this diagnosis becomes a necessary step for many trans people to transition. Psychologists during this time believed that a legitimately trans person needed to conform very closely to the [[gender binary]], and even needed to be heterosexual. The psychologists focused on trans women, and isolated them from one another, so they had little community. Meanwhile, trans men got less help from that system, and so they largely left it and formed their own communities.<ref>fakecisgirl, "The Misery Pimps: The People Who Impede Trans Liberation." October 7, 2013. ''Fake Cis Girl'' (personal blog). [https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/ https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/]</ref>
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* In the 1980s and 1990s, Michael Spivak used a set of [[English neutral pronouns#E|gender-neutral "E, Emself" pronouns]] in his math books, in order to avoid indicating a person's gender. The same or similar pronoun had been coined independently by others in prior years. Due to how Spivak popularized these particular pronouns, these soon became known as "spivak pronouns" when they were built into a place where people talked together on the Internet.<ref>"Gender-neutral pronoun FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>
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===1990ые===

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* In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference chose [[Two-Spirit]] as a better English umbrella term for some gender identities unique to Native American cultures, many of which can be considered as outside of the Western gender binary.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref>
* The 1990 Bisexual Manifesto published in bi zine "Anything That Moves" shows explicit support of nonbinary gender by stating "Do not assume that [[bisexuality]] is binary or duogamous in nature: that we have 'two' sides or that we must be involved simultaneously with both genders to be fulfilled human beings. In fact, don’t assume that there are only two genders."<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Anything That Moves Bisexual Manifesto |author= |work=BiNet USA's Blog |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=15 May 2020 |url=https://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519201628/http://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The term "[[Gender Queer]]" was defined in a 1990 book titled ''The Welcoming Congregation Handbook'' as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>; it can be surmised that the term "gender queer" was likely in use even before this publication recorded it.
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* In 1994, [[Kate Bornstein]], who currently identifies as nonbinary,<ref>https://www.slantmagazine.com/house/article/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men</ref> published the book ''Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us,'' about her experience as a transgender person identifying outside of the gender binary.
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* In 1995, a [[neutrois]] person named [[H. A. Burnham]] created the word "neutrois," a name for a nonbinary gender identity.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref>
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* In 1998, an article from a transgender community on the Internet, ''[[Sphere]]'', used the words "queergendered" and "polygendered" interchangeably as umbrella terms for everyone whose gender was outside the gender binary, specifying that these included people who were "[[bigender|bi-gendered]], [[agender|non-gendered]], or [[third gender|third-gendered]]," explaining that some faced difficulty in seeking a gender-ambiguous physical transition.<ref>Danica Nuccitelli. "Polygender FAQ." ''Sphere.'' May 26, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005048/http://gender-sphere.0catch.com/polygenderfaq.htm</ref>
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* In the late 1990s, people in Japan who identified as neither male nor female began calling themselves [[X-gender]].
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==Twenty-first century==
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[[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.</span>]]
===2000ые===

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* [[Intersex]] Australian Alex MacFarlane believed to be the first person in Australia to obtain a birth certificate recording sex as indeterminate, and the first Australian passport with an "X" sex marker. Australia began to let people mark their gender as "X" on their birth certificates and passports.<ref>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Julie|title=X marks the spot for intersex Alex|archive-date=11 November 2013|work=The West Australian |date=11 January 2003 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6L2hqf44G?url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf |url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Holme|first=Ingrid|year=2008 |title= Hearing People's Own Stories|journal=Science as Culture|volume=17|issue=3|pages=341–344| doi=10.1080/09505430802280784| url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430802280784}}</ref>
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* In 2009, India began to allow voters outside the gender binary to "register their gender as '[[other]]' on ballots submitted to the Election Commission."<ref name="AdvocateIndia">{{cite web|author=Sunnivie Brydum|title=Indian Supreme Court Recognizes Third Gender.|date=April 15, 2014|work=The Advocate| url= https://www.advocate.com/world/2014/04/15/indian-supreme-court-recognizes-third-gender}}</ref>
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===2010s===
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====2010====

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*In August, a user on the Asexual Visibility and Education Network forums took the "demi-" from "demiromantic" and came up with the term "demiguy".<ref>https://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/52633-transwhatevers-of-aven/page/20/?tab=comments#comment-1615634</ref> This concept would eventually catch on and broaden into an array of [[demigender]] labels.
*In December, the US state of Arkansas enacted a policy allowing gender on drivers' licenses and state ID cards to be changed to M, F, or X with "no questions asked, no documentation required". However, this policy received very little attention until 2018.<ref name="Qong">{{Cite web |title=Arkansas Has Been Offering A Nonbinary Gender Option On State IDs For Years |last=Wong |first=Curtis M. |work=HuffPost |date=October 17, 2018 |access-date=June 1, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/arkansas-gender-neutral-state-id-option_n_5bc79f75e4b0d38b5874a669}}</ref>
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====2011====

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* In 2011, Bangladesh started to allow passports to show a gender called "other".<ref name="Macarow2015">{{Cite web |title=These Eleven Countries are Way Ahead of the US on Trans Issues |last=Macarow |first=Aron |work=ATTN: |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url=https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084016/https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Hopper2012">{{Cite web |title=Genderless passports 'under review' in Canada |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |work=National Post |date=8 May 2012 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada}}</ref>
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====2012====
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[[File:Anjali gopalan.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Asia's first gender queer pride parade in Madurai, 2012.</span>]]
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*On 14th July, the first annual [[International Nonbinary Day]], created by [[Katje van Loon]], was celebrated.
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====2013====

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* A newer version of the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-5, replaces the "gender identity disorder" diagnosis with "[[gender dysphoria]]," to lessen the pathologization of transgender people.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref>
* In September 2013, a nonbinary tumblr user by the handle "revolutionator" coins the term "enby" as a short for "nonbinary person" or "NB".<ref name="enby">{{Cite web |title=Queer Etymology: Enby |author= |work=Androgyne of the Archeart |date=16 December 2019 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url=https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084020/https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On November 4, 2013 in the US, 18-year-old Sasha Fleischman was assaulted for wearing gender nonconforming clothing. Sasha identifies as [[genderqueer]] and [[agender]], and goes by "they" pronouns. When they had fallen asleep on a public bus, a stranger lit Sasha's skirt on fire. Sasha survived, suffering second and third degree burns. In the following weeks, allies showed support by marching along that bus route, tying rainbow ribbons to poles, and writing letters. Several schools sponsored skirt-wearing days. The assailant was sentenced to seven years in juvenile detention.<ref>Dashka Slater, "The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland." ''The New York Times Magazine.'' February 1, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html</ref> The nonfiction book ''The 57 Bus'' explores the incident in detail.<ref>Slater, Dashka (October 17, 2017). ''The 57 Bus''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN 9780374303235.</ref>
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====2014====
[[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.</span>]]
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* The Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of rights and legal recognition of "Indians who identify as neither male nor female, or those who identify as transgender women, known as hijra."<ref name="AdvocateIndia" />
* The social networking site [[Gender and social media sites|Facebook]] began to let users to choose from 50 gender options.
* The transgender community on the social networking site Tumblr created hundreds of [[nounself pronouns]].
* More than 47,000 people sign a Whitehouse.gov petition asking for USA federal [[Recognition (USA)|recognition]] of nonbinary genders.<ref name="petition2014">{{Cite web |title=More Than 47,000 Petition White House to Recognize Nonbinary Genders |last=Molloy |first=Parker Marie |work=The Advocate |date=20 March 2014 |access-date=10 March 2021 |url= https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/03/20/more-47000-petition-white-house-recognize-nonbinary-genders}}</ref>
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====2015====

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* Nepal began to allow X gender passports.<ref>Clarissa-Jan Lim. "New 'Third Gender' Option on Nepal Passports Finally Protects the Rights of LGBT Community." ''Bustle''. January 8, 2015. http://www.bustle.com/articles/57466-new-third-gender-option-on-nepal-passports-finally-protects-the-rights-of-lgbt-community</ref>
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* Dictionary.com put in the nonbinary gender words [[agender]], [[bigender]], and [[genderfluid]].<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. ''Dictionary.com.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> Meanwhile, the Oxford English Dictionary announced that it might add the title [[Mx]].<ref>Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, "Gender neutral honorific Mx 'to be included' in the Oxford English Dictionary alongside Mr, Ms and Mrs and Miss." May 3, 2015. ''The Independent''. [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html]</ref><ref>Mary Papenfuss, "Oxford Dictionary may include gender-neutral honorific 'Mx'." May 5, 2015. ''International Business Times.'' [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626]</ref>
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* One of Irish broadcaster RTE’s best-known journalists, [[Notable nonbinary people#Jonathan Rachel Clynch|Jonathan Rachel Clynch]], came out as genderfluid.<ref>Tom Sykes, "A ‘Gender Fluid’ Journalist Comes Out To Irish Cheers." 2015-09-18. ''Daily Beast.'' http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/18/a-gender-fluid-journalist-comes-out-to-irish-cheers.html</ref>
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* Singer, songwriter, and actor [[Miley Cyrus]] explained she didn't relate to being a girl or a boy.<ref name=cyrusout>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Miley Cyrus Launches Anti-Homelessness, Pro-LGBT ‘Happy Hippie Foundation’ |last=Krochmal |first=Shana Naomi |work=out.com |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.out.com/music/2015/5/05/exclusive-miley-cyrus-launches-anti-homelessness-pro-lgbt-happy-hippie-foundation}}</ref>
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*The Washington Post style guide was updated to allow use of [[singular they]], with Post copy editor Bill Walsh saying: {{quote|What finally pushed me from acceptance to action on [[gender neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronouns]] was the increasing visibility of [[gender-neutral]] people. The Post has run at least one profile of a person who identifies as neither male nor female and specifically requests ''they'' and the like instead of ''he'' or ''she''. Trans and [[genderqueer]] awareness will raise difficult questions down the road, with some people requesting [[Neopronouns|newly invented or even individually made-up pronouns]]. [...] But simply allowing ''they'' for a [[gender-nonconforming]] person is a no-brainer. And once we've done that, why not allow it for the most awkward of those ''he or she'' situations that have troubled us for so many years?<ref>{{cite web |date= December 4, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117232610/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html |archive-date=January 17, 2020 |last=Walsh |first=Bill |title=The Post drops the 'mike' — and the hyphen in 'e-mail'}}</ref>}}
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====2016====

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* On January 8, the American Dialect Society voted [[singular they]] as Word of the Year for 2015, with ADS member Ben Zimmer stating "In the past year, new expressions of [[gender identity]] have generated a deal of discussion, and singular ''they'' has become a particularly significant element of that conversation. While many novel gender-neutral pronouns have been proposed, ''they'' has the advantage of already being part of the language." Singular "they" also won in the Most Useful category, beating out other contenders including "mic drop", "microaggression", and "shade" by a wide margin.<ref name="ADSthey">{{Cite web |title=2015 Word of the Year is singular “they” |author= |work=American Dialect Society |date=January 8, 2016 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.americandialect.org/2015-word-of-the-year-is-singular-they}}</ref>
* In the USA, the states of Oregon and then California began to allow for a nonbinary legal gender, though getting this recognized on identity documents (driver's licenses and passports) is another matter. California began to allow nonbinary driver's licenses.<ref name="OHara">{{Cite web |title=Californian becomes second US citizen granted 'non-binary' gender status |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=NBC News |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611 }}</ref>
*In April, Merriam-Webster added [[cisgender]], [[genderqueer]], and [[Mx]]. to its unabridged dictionary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=MerriamWebster|number=722817225925791744|title=Cisgender, Mx., and genderqueer are all new additions to the Unabridged today. Here's our article on 'cisgender'. https://t.co/9fvlhnlIPv|date=20 April 2016}}</ref>
*On the 2016 Australian Census, for the first time people could identify themselves as "male", "female", or "[[other]]". 1300 people selected "other".<ref name="power2017">{{Cite web |title=Being gender non-binary on the Census, dyke is a dirty word and Ramadan fundraising |author=Power, Shannon |work=The Informer |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=15 October 2020 |url= https://joy.org.au/theinformer/2017/06/28/gender-non-binary-census-dyke-dirty-word-ramadan-fundraising/}}</ref>
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====2017====
*In the USA, California passed the [[2017 Gender Recognition Act]] "to ensure that intersex, transgender, and nonbinary people have state-issued identification documents that provide full legal [[Recognition (USA)|recognition]] of their accurate gender identity."<ref name="Bermudez">{{Cite web |title=California’s Gender Recognition Act and Impact on Employers - Klinedinst |last=Bermudez |first=Nadia P. |work=Klinedinst Attorneys |date=November 8, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604104058/https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SB179">{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet: California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179) |author=Transgender Law Center |work= |date=2018 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406000749/https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In June 2017, USA's District of Colombia began to offer nonbinary driver's licenses and identification cards.<ref name="Stein">{{Cite web |title=Meet the first person in the country to officially receive a gender-neutral driver's license |last=Stein |first=Perry |work=Washington Post |date=30 June 2017 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/meet-the-first-person-in-the-country-to-officially-receive-a-gender-neutral-drivers-license/2017/06/30/bcb78afc-5d9a-11e7-9fc6-c7ef4bc58d13_story.html}}</ref> Activist [[Shige Sakurai]] was the first to receive one of these "X"-marked licenses.<ref name="Norwood">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=29 May 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html}}</ref> Soon after, the state of Oregon also began to issue gender-neutral IDs.<ref name="Stein"/>
* The country of Malta began to offer "X" gender markers on passports and other documents.<ref name="into_Malt">{{Cite web |title=Malta Becomes Latest Country to Allow Non-Binary Option on Passports |author= |work=INTO |date=6 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.intomore.com/impact/malta-becomes-latest-country-to-allow-nonbinary-option-on-passports}}</ref>
* Popular musician Sam Smith came out stating in an interview that "I don't know what the title would be but I feel just as much woman as I am man." <ref name="Besanvalle">{{Cite web |title=Sam Smith on his gender identity: 'I feel just as much woman as I am man' |last=Besanvalle |first=James |work=Gay Star News |date=22 October 2017 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819171648/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In Germany, a person petitioned the registry office to change the gender on their birth record from "female" to "diverse". In regard to this case, the German Constitutional Court made a judgement suggesting "waiving the mandatory entry of gender in registries, or offering a different option besides male or female", reasoning that "denial of recognition of a non-binary gender identity does endanger the constitutionally protected free personality development."<ref name="tgeu_Join">{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement: Civil Society welcomes ground-breaking German Constitutional Court demand for a new regulation of sex registration |author= |work=TGEU |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=15 November 2020 |url= https://tgeu.org/joint-statement-civil-society-welcomes-ground-breaking-german-constitutional-court-demand-for-a-new-regulation-of-sex-registration/}}</ref>
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====2018====
*In January, Washington state began to allow "X" gender markers on official documents<ref name="Jackman">{{Cite web |title=Washington to recognise third gender in groundbreaking move |last=Jackman |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/01/05/washington-to-recognise-third-gender-in-groundbreaking-move/}}</ref>, with the law stating that {{quote|"X" means a gender that is not exclusively male or female, including, but not limited to, [[intersex]], [[agender]], [[amalgagender]], [[androgynous]], [[bigender]], [[demigender]], female-to-male, [[genderfluid]], [[genderqueer]], male-to-female, [[neutrois]], [[nonbinary]], [[pangender]], [[third gender|third sex]], [[transgender]], [[transsexual]], [[Two Spirit]], and unspecified.<ref name="washington">{{Cite web |title=WAC 246-490-075: Changing sex designation on a birth certificate. |author= |work=Washington State Legislature |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195929/https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
*In July, well-known creator [[Rebecca Sugar]] came out as a [[nonbinary woman]].
*In September, Merriam-Webster Dictionary added the gender-inclusive term "Latinx".<ref name="Brammer2018">{{Cite web |title=The Gender-Neutral Term 'Latinx' Is Now Officially in the Dictionary |last=Brammer |first=John Paul |work=them. |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/latinx-is-officially-in-the-dictionary}}</ref>
*In October, the first [[International Pronouns Day]] took place with participation in 25 countries.
*In October, New York City passed a law (taking effect January 1, 2019) allowing [[Recognition (USA)|"X" gender markers on birth certificates]], and allows the marker to be changed without medical documentation.<ref name="Ohara2018">{{Cite web |title=New York City Just Passed a Gender-Neutral Birth Certificate Law |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=them. |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-birth-certificate-law-nyc}}</ref>
*In October, the Netherlands issued its first-ever passport with "X" gender designation. This was done for 57-year-old [[Leonne Zeegers]].<ref name="Dutch-X-Passport">{{Cite web |title=First Dutch gender-neutral passport issued |author= |work=BBC News |date=19 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45914813 }}</ref>
* Washington, D.C. public schools began to offer "nonbinary" as a gender option on school enrollment forms.<ref name="nyti_Some">{{Cite web |title=Some Schools Allow Children to Register With a Gender Option Besides Girl or Boy |author=De La Cruz, Donna |work=nytimes.com |date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=November 12, 2020 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/19/well/family/some-schools-allow-children-to-register-with-a-gender-option-besides-girl-or-boy.html}}</ref>
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====2019====
*In the USA in February, Kirsten Gillibrand, one of the many Democratic candidates for president, said she endorses the availability of "X" [[gender markers]] for nonbinary people.<ref name="GillibrandX">{{Cite web |title=2020 contender Kirsten Gillibrand backs third gender classification at federal level |last=Erickson |first=Bo |work=CBS News |date=February 16, 2019 |access-date=November 4, 2020 |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-democratic-contender-backs-third-gender-classification-at-federal-level/}}</ref>
*In March, nonbinary person Finley Norris became the first person in the state of Indiana, USA to receive a driver's license with an "X" gender marker.<ref name="Norwood"/>
*Google released 53 new emoji variations with specifically [[gender neutral]] appearance.<ref name="England2019">{{Cite web |title=Google is releasing 53 new gender neutral emojis |last=England |first=Jason |work=Android Central |date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.androidcentral.com/google-releasing-53-new-gender-neutral-emojis}}</ref>
*In November, Massachusetts began allowing an X as a nonbinary gender marker on Driver's Licenses and State IDs. <ref name="Massgov">{{Cite web |title=Massachusetts Allows Nonbinary Marker on Licenses, IDs |work=mass.gov|date=November 19, 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |url= https://www.mass.gov/news/massachusetts-allows-nonbinary-marker-on-licenses-ids#:~:text=Boston%2C%20MA%20%E2%80%94%20The%20Massachusetts%20Commission,Commission%2C%20and%20follows%20years%20of}}</ref>
*Merriam-Webster declared [[singular they|"they"]] as the top Word of the Year.<ref name="MW2019">{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019 |author= |work=merriam-webster.com |date=2019 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/they}}</ref>
*Collins Dictionary added the word "non-binary".<ref name="wale_Coll">{{Cite web |title=Collins Dictionary recognise the word 'non-binary' |last=McGee |first=Sarah |work=WalesOnline |date=7 November 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020 |url= https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/collins-dictionary-recognises-word-non-17212246}}</ref>
*"[[Genderqueer]]", "[[agender]]", "[[cisgender]]", "[[Misgendering|misgender]]", "[[transphobia]]", and "[[ze/hir|ze]]" are added to the international Scrabble dictionary.<ref name="Kiley">{{Cite web |title=Scrabble Approves 'Genderqueer,' 'Ze,' and Other LGBTQ Terms |last=Kiley |first=Rachel |work=Pride.com |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.pride.com/news/2019/5/06/scrabble-approves-genderqueer-ze-and-other-lgbtq-terms}}</ref>
*Canada's 2019 Census Test (in preparation for the 2021 Census) now includes separate questions about [[Assigned at birth|sex at birth]] and [[gender]], and also allows nonbinary gender answers.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/road2021-chemin2021/fs-fi/sex-and-gender.cfm</ref>
* The American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide was updated to endorse the use of [[singular they]]: "Writers should use the singular 'they' in two main cases: (a) when referring to a generic person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context and (b) when referring to a specific, known person who uses 'they' as their pronoun."<ref name="LeeAPA">{{Cite web |title=Welcome, singular “they” |last=Lee |first=Chelsea |work=APA Style |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/singular-they}}</ref>
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===2020s===
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====2020====
* In January, American presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren promised that if she is elected, she will have "at least 50% of Cabinet positions filled by women and non binary people."<ref name="Warren">{{Cite web |title=Restoring Integrity and Competence to Government After Trump |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |work=Medium |date=21 Jan 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://medium.com/@teamwarren/restoring-integrity-and-competence-to-government-after-trump-1fda0e1cc4c5}}</ref><ref name="Urbanski">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren pledges to fill at least half her Cabinet with women and 'non binary people' |last=Urbanski |first=Dave |work=TheBlaze |date=22 January 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.theblaze.com/news/elizabeth-warren-cabinet-women-and-non-binary}}</ref>
* In February, it was announced that Nepal's 2021 census would have a third gender option.<ref name="Nepalcensus">{{Cite web |title=Nepal to count third gender in population census expanding social benefits to LGBTQ+community |last=Mohamedbhai |first=Tahira |work=Jurist.org |date=6 February 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |url= https://www.jurist.org/news/2020/02/nepal-to-count-third-gender-in-population-census-expanding-social-benefits-to-lgbtqcommunity/}}</ref>
* On February 25, Ro Khanna, a Democratic member of the USA House of Representatives, proposed the Gender Inclusive Passport Act, which would add an "X" option to USA passports.<ref name="Sanders">{{Cite web |title=Proposed Bill Would Add Gender-Neutral Option to U.S. Passports |last=Sanders |first=Wren |work=them. |date=25 February 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-option-us-passports}}</ref>
* Marvel Comics' series ''The New Warriors'' introduced a nonbinary superhero named "Snowflake", and received widespread backlash.<ref name="Villarreal">{{Cite web |title=Marvel criticized for first non-binary superhero named “Snowflake” |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |work=LGBTQ Nation |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2020/03/marvel-criticized-first-non-binary-superhero-named-snowflake/ }}</ref>
*In the USA, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed Senate Bill 246 on March 31, allowing for driver's license applicants to mark “male,” “female” or “non-binary” when designating their sex. The bill went into effect July 1.<ref name="VanSlooten">{{Cite web |title=Northam signs Va. non-binary driver’s license bill into law |last=Van Slooten |first=Philip |work=Washington Blade |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonblade.com/2020/04/07/northam-signs-va-non-binary-drivers-license-bill-into-law/}}</ref>
* In July, a nonbinary New Yorker sued the state in pursuit of an "X" [[gender marker]] on their driver's license. New York currently only allows "M" or "F" gender markers on licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New York state sued over driver’s licenses that limit gender to ‘M’ or ‘F’ |work=syracuse.com |date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |url= https://www.syracuse.com/state/2020/07/new-york-state-sued-over-drivers-licenses-that-limit-gender-to-m-or-f.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary NYU Law Student Sues To Get "X" Gender Option On NY Driver's Licenses |last=Cruz |first=David |work=Gothamist |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |url= https://gothamist.com/news/nonbinary-nyu-law-student-sues-get-x-gender-option-ny-drivers-licenses}}</ref>
* The 2020 USA Census made headlines for lack of a nonbinary gender option.<ref name="news_The2">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Is Underway, But Nonbinary And Gender-Nonconforming Respondents Feel Counted Out |last=Schmid |first=Eric |work=St. Louis Public Radio |date=March 17, 2020 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url= https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/2020-census-underway-nonbinary-and-gender-nonconforming-respondents-feel-counted-out#stream/0}}</ref><ref name="Brown">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Fails Nonbinary Folks, But It’s Important To Take Part Anyway |last=Brown |first=Jera |work=Rebellious Magazine |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://rebelliousmagazine.com/the-2020-census-fails-nonbinary-folks-but-its-important-to-take-part-anyway/}}</ref>
*In August 2020, the well-known videogame journalist and internet personality [[Jim Sterling]] came out as nonbinary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Sterling|first=Jim|title=I am non-binary pansexual gendertrash. I like all pronouns. I haven't been this comfortable with myself before. Ever''.''|user=jimsterling|number=1298199496652918784|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825123123/https://twitter.com/JimSterling/status/1298199496652918784|archive-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
* In the November 3rd elections, [[Mauree Turner]] was elected to the Oklahoma state legislature, making them the first out nonbinary person elected to any USA state legislature.<ref name="Smith">{{Cite web |title=Mauree Turner is the first nonbinary and first Muslim Oklahoma state lawmaker |last=Smith |first=Kelsie |work=CNN |date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=November 5, 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/05/politics/first-nonbinary-and-muslim-oklahoma-lawmaker/index.html}}</ref>
*In the US state of North Carolina, December 6 was formally recognized by the legislature as Gender Expansive Parents' Day.<ref name="news_Aday">{{Cite web |title=A day to celebrate all parents, including LGBTQ parents, in NC |last=Vaughan |first=Dawn Baumgartner |work=The News & Observer |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 January 2021 |url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article247605375.html}}</ref>
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====2021====
*Early in January, in Iceland, private businesses and government offices alike began to offer "male, female, nonbinary, [[other]], and the option to decline to answer" regarding gender registrations. This was the taking effect of a gender determination law that was passed in June 2019.<ref name="IcelandGrapevine">{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary Gender Registration Finally Opens In Iceland |last=Fontaine |first=Andie Sophia |work=The Reykjavik Grapevine |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=10 January 2021 |url=https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529052112/https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In April, Dictionary.com officially added the word "enby"<ref name="Kinlaw">{{Cite web |title=OPINION: 'Sourdough' finally gets its own entry in online dictionary |last=Kinlaw |first=Bernadette |work=Arkansas Online |date=19 April 2021 |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/apr/19/dictionary-has-added-new-words/?features-style }}</ref> with the definition "a person whose gender identity is nonbinary, not fitting into the male/female division (often used attributively)."<ref name="dictionary.com">{{Cite web |title=Definition of enby |author= |work=Dictionary.com |date= |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/enby}}</ref>
*In June, the American Medical Association (AMA) made a public statement recommending that the [[sex marker]] should be removed from the public-facing part of birth certificates. Willie Underwood III, MD said that "Assigning sex using binary variables in the public portion of the birth certificate fails to recognize the medical [[Gender spectrum|spectrum of gender identity]]."<ref name="Frellick">{{Cite web |title=Remove Sex From Public Birth Certificates, AMA Says |last=Frellick |first=Marcia |work=WebMD |date=16 June 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |url= https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20210616/remove-sex-from-public-birth-certificates-ama-says}}</ref>
* Also in June, the US Department of State announced that "The Department has begun moving towards adding a gender marker for non-binary, intersex, and gender non-conforming persons" for passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad (CRBA).<ref name="Blinken">{{Cite web |title=Proposing Changes to the Department's Policies on Gender on U.S. Passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad |last=Blinken |first=Antony J. |work=United States Department of State |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.state.gov/proposing-changes-to-the-departments-policies-on-gender-on-u-s-passports-and-consular-reports-of-birth-abroad/}}</ref> A government employee stated that the new gender marker would be available by the end of 2021.<ref name="Sanjana">{{Cite web |title=U.S. To Expand Passport Gender Markers For Nonbinary, Intersex Americans |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |work=HuffPost |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/us-passport-gender-markers-nonbinary-intersex-lgbtq_n_60dcd4f2e4b04973e5c1fea9}}</ref> In late October, an intersex and nonbinary person named [[Dana Zzyym]] was the first to receive one of these X-marked US passports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The U.S. issues the first passport with a nonbinary gender 'X' option |last=Hernandez |first=Joe |work=NPR.org |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 October 2021 |url= https://www.npr.org/2021/10/27/1049690803/state-department-first-passport-with-nonbinary-gender-x-option}}</ref>
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==Further reading==
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* [[w:Timeline of transgender history| Wikipedia: Timeline of transgender history]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United Kingdom|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United Kingdom]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United States|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United States]]
* [[w:Timeline of intersex history|Wikipedia: Timeline of intersex history]]
* [[w:Intersex in history|Wikipedia: Intersex in history]]
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==References==
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<references/>

[[Category:Visibility]]
[[de:geschichte]]

History of nonbinary gender/pt-br

2026-06-09T01:31:52Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Content warning|alguns eventos preocupantes que podem ser traumáticos para alguns leitores. Algumas citações históricas usam linguagem que agora é vista como ofensiva}}
Este artigo sobre a '''história de gênero não binário''' deve se concentrar em eventos direta ou indiretamente relacionados a pessoas com [[identidade de gênero | identidades de gênero]]. Não deve ser sobre a história [[LGBT]] em geral. No entanto, esse histórico provavelmente precisará fornecer datas para alguns eventos sobre coisas que não sejam de gênero não binário, como grandes eventos que aumentaram a visibilidade de [[transgêneros]] em geral, [[variação de gênero]] pessoas do início da história que podem ou pode não ter sido o que consideramos não binários, e as leis que dizem respeito a pessoas [[intersex]] que também podem ter um efeito sobre os direitos legais de pessoas não binárias.

==Dicas==

Aqui estão algumas dicas para escrever respeitosamente sobre pessoas com variações históricas de gênero cujos nomes, pronomes e identidades de gênero preferidos reais podem não ser conhecidos.

*'''Nomes mortos.''' É desrespeitoso chamar uma pessoa transgênero pelo nome anterior ("nome morto") em vez do nome que ela escolheu para si mesma. Alguns consideram seu nome morto um segredo que não deveria ser divulgado de forma alguma. Para pessoas transgênero vivas em particular, esta história deve mostrar apenas seus nomes escolhidos, não seus nomes mortos. Nesta história, algumas pessoas transgênero históricas falecidas podem ter seus nomes de nascimento mostrados além de seus nomes escolhidos, nos casos em que não se sabe qual nome eles preferiram, ou onde de outra forma é impossível encontrar informações sobre essa pessoa, se alguém quiser para pesquisar sua história. Isso deve ser escrito na forma de "Nome Escolhido (nome de nascimento de nascença)." Se a história não tiver certeza de qual nome essa pessoa prefere seriamente, escreva-o na forma de "Nome ou Outro nome".

* '''Pronomes.''' É desrespeitoso chamar uma pessoa por pronomes diferentes daqueles que ela pede. Algumas pessoas históricas cujos pronomes preferidos não são conhecidos devem ser referidas aqui por [[Pronomes # Sem pronomes | sem pronomes]]. Se isso não for possível, pronome [[pronomes # Elu | elu/delu]].

* '''Palavras para o sexo de uma pessoa, atribuído e não.''' É desrespeitoso rotular o sexo de uma pessoa de outra forma que não seja pedido, mas nem sempre é possível fazê-lo. No caso de algumas pessoas históricas, a história registrou como elas viveram e qual [[gênero atribuído no nascimento | gênero a que foram atribuídas no nascimento]], mas não como elas preferiram rotular sua identidade de gênero. Por exemplo, não se sabe se certas pessoas históricas que foram designadas do sexo feminino no nascimento ([[AFAB]]) viveram como homens porque se identificaram como homens (eram [[homens transexuais]]) ou porque era a única maneira de ter uma carreira naquela época e lugar (e eram não conformes com o gênero [[mulheres cisgênero]]). Isso deve ser mencionado na forma mais respeitosa de, por exemplo, "homem designado ao nascer ([[AMAB]]), vivido como mulher", em vez de "realmente um homem, passado por mulher". Para outro exemplo, escrever "um médico militar descobriu que Smith era AFAB" é mais respeitoso do que dizer "um médico militar descobriu Smith era realmente uma mulher. "Para pessoas que viveram antes da palavra" transgênero "ser criada, pode ser mais adequado chamá-los de" variante de gênero "em vez de" transgênero ". Por outro lado, se tivermos informações suficientes sobre isso como uma pessoa, podemos fazer melhor com essas pessoas, descrevendo-as com a terminologia que provavelmente teriam usado para sua identidade de gênero se vivessem nos dias atuais, com nossa língua.

== Eventos desejados nesta linha do tempo ==

Por favor, ajude a preencher este cronograma se você puder adicionar informações destes tipos: * Eventos no movimento para manter o gênero dos bebês em sigilo.
* Eventos relativos a [[celebridades não binárias]] e pessoas históricas que declararam claramente que não eram nem mulher nem homem, ou ambos, ou andróginos, etc.
* Percorra blogs não binários em busca de eventos históricos passados e atuais.
* Eventos que mostram que as identidades de gênero transgênero e especialmente não binárias já existiam muito antes do século XX.
* Mudanças no uso de linguagem com gênero versus linguagem neutra.

== Antiguidade ==
* Na mitologia mesopotâmica, entre os primeiros registros escritos da humanidade, há referências a tipos de pessoas que não são nem homens nem mulheres. As tabuinhas sumérias e acadianas do segundo milênio AEC e 1700 AEC descrevem como os deuses criaram essas pessoas, seus papéis na sociedade e palavras para diferentes tipos delas. Entre eles estavam eunucos, mulheres que não podiam ou não tinham permissão para ter filhos, homens que vivem como mulheres, pessoas intersex, gays e outros.<ref>Murray, Stephen O., and Roscoe, Will (1997). ''Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature.'' New York: New York University Press.</ref><ref>Nissinen, Martti (1998). ''Homoeroticism in the Biblical World'', Translated by Kirsi Stjedna. Fortress Press (November 1998) p. 30. ISBN|0-8006-2985-X<br>See also: Maul, S. M. (1992). ''Kurgarrû und assinnu und ihr Stand in der babylonischen Gesellschaft.'' Pp. 159–71 in Aussenseiter und Randgruppen. Konstanze Althistorische Vorträge und Forschungern 32. Edited by V. Haas. Konstanz: Universitätsverlag.</ref><ref>Leick, Gwendolyn (1994). ''Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature''. Routledge. New York.</ref>
[[File:Sekhet hieroglyphs.jpg|thumb|A palavra "sekhet" em hieróglifos egípcios antigos.<ref name="Brustman">Mark Brustman. "The Third Gender in Ancient Egypt." ''"Born Eunuchs" Home Page and Library.'' 1999. https://people.well.com/user/aquarius/egypt.htm</ref>]]
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* Escritos do antigo Egito (Reino do Meio, 2000-1800 aC) diziam que havia três gêneros de humanos: homens, ''sekhet (s<u>h</u>t)'', e mulheres, nessa ordem. Sekhet é geralmente traduzido como "eunuco", mas isso provavelmente é uma simplificação exagerada do significado dessa categoria de gênero. Uma vez que recebeu esse nível de importância, poderia ser potencialmente uma categoria inteira de variação de gênero / sexo que não se encaixa em masculino ou feminino. Os hieróglifos para '' sekhet '' incluem uma figura sentada que geralmente significa um homem. A palavra não inclui hieróglifos que se referem aos órgãos genitais de alguma forma. No mínimo, '' sekhet '' provavelmente significa homens gays cisgêneros, no sentido de não terem filhos, e não necessariamente alguém que foi castrado.<ref>Sethe, Kurt, (1926), ''Die Aechtung feindlicher Fürsten, Völker und Dinge auf altägyptischen Tongefäßscherben des mittleren Reiches,'' in: Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, 1926, p. 61.</ref>
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* Muitas culturas e grupos étnicos têm conceitos de [[identidades variantes de gênero em todo o mundo | papéis variantes de gênero tradicionais]], com uma história deles que remonta à antiguidade. Por exemplo, [[Hijra]] e [[Dois-espíritos]]. Essas identidades e papéis de gênero são freqüentemente análogos à identidade não binária, pois não se encaixam na ideia ocidental dos papéis [[binários de gênero]].
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==Século 11==

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* The Anglo-Saxon word ''wæpen-wifestre'', or ''wæpned-wifestre'' (Anglo-Saxon, ''wæpen'' "sword," "penis," "male" (or ''wæpned'' "weaponed," "with a penis," "male") + ''wif'' woman, + ''estre'' feminine suffix, thus "woman with a weapon," "woman with a penis," or "man woman") was defined in an eleventh-century glossary (Antwerp Plantin-Moretus 32) as meaning "hermaphrodite." The counterpart of this word, ''wæpned-mann,'' simply meant "a person armed with a sword" or "male person."<ref>Dana Oswald, ''Monsters, Gender and Sexuality in Medieval English Literature.'' Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 2010. p. 93.</ref><ref name="ClarkMedieval">David Clark. ''Between medieval men: Male friendship and desire in early medieval English literature.'' Oxford University Press, 2009. P. 63-65.</ref> ''Wæpen-wifestre'' is known to be a synonym for "scrat" (intersex).<ref>''Catholicon Anglicum: An English-Latin Word-book, dated 1483, volume 30.'' Accessed via Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=I7wKAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&pg=PA325#v=onepage&q=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&f=false</ref> Another synonym given for ''wæpen-wifestre'' is ''bæddel,'' an which also means intersex, but also feminine men, from which the word "bad" is thought to be derived, due to its use as a slur.<ref>"bad (adj.)" ''Online Etymology Dictionary.'' https://www.etymonline.com/word/bad</ref> The related word ''bæddling'' was used in eleventh-century laws for men who had sex with men in a receptive role.<ref name="ClarkMedieval" /> Additional meanings of ''wæpen-wifestre'' are possible. When ''wæpen-wifestre'' is read as "woman with a penis," it could describe a feminine man, a man who has sex with men, or a transgender woman. When read as "woman with a sword," it could refer to a warrior woman. When read as "man woman," it could mean not only an intersex person, but also people who transgressed the gender binary that seems to have been the rule in Anglo-Saxon England, as far as is known from limited literature from that era. From this range of meanings that the word potentially covers, it's possible that ''wæpen-wifestre'' may have been a general category for intersex, queer, and gender-variant people in Britain, during the time that was contemporary to Beowulf.
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==Século XVII==

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* A blog post by the Merriam Webster dictionary editors says, "In the 17th century, English laws concerning inheritance sometimes referred to people who didn’t fit a gender binary using the pronoun ''it'', which, while dehumanizing, was conceived of as being the most grammatically fit answer to gendered pronouns around then."<ref>“Words We’re Watching: Singular 'They:' Though singular 'they' is old, 'they' as a nonbinary pronoun is new—and useful.” ''Merriam Webster.'' https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they Captured November 2017.</ref> This is an example of people being considered legally outside of male and female. ''Editors at this wiki would appreciate more information and sources about the laws in question, their dates, and what categories of people they referred to. (Unborn children? Intersex people? People who didn't conform to gender norms?)''
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas(ine)_Hall Thomas Hall, who apparently had an equal preference for the birth-name Thomasine] (c.1603 – after 1629), was an English servant in colonial Virginia. Hall was raised as a girl, and then presented as a man in order to enter the military.<ref>Norton, Mary Beth, "Communal Definitions of Gendered Identity in Colonial America", Ronald Hoffman, Mechal Sobel, Fredrika J. Teute (eds) ''Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1997), pp. 40ff. </ref> After leaving the military, Hall freely alternated between feminine and masculine attire from one day to the next, until Hall was accused of having sex with both men and women. Whether someone was legally a man or a woman would result in different punishments for that. Several physical examinations disagreed on the details of Hall's sex, and concluded that Hall had been born [[intersex]]. Previously, common law required that if a court concluded that someone was intersex, this would result in an injunction that they must live the rest of their life as strictly either male or female, whichever their anatomy resembled the most closely. In this case, the court ruled that "hee is a man and a woeman," and gave the injunction that Hall must from then on wear both masculine and feminine clothing at the same time: "goe clothed in man's apparell, only his head to bee attired in a coyfe and croscloth with an apron before him"<ref>Floyd, Don (2010). ''The Captain and Thomasine''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Enterprises. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-557-37676-6.</ref><ref>Reis, Elizabeth (September 2005). "Impossible Hermaphrodites: Intersex in America, 1620–1960". ''The Journal of American History'': 411–441.</ref> Intersex is not the same thing as nonbinary, and so an intersex person can identify as a man, woman, or some other gender. Hall was apparently an intersex person who did not identify strictly as a man or woman, preferred a [[genderfluid|fluid]] [[gender expression]], and was then given a legal sex that was both.
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== Século XVIII ==
[[File:Public Universal Friend portrait.jpg|thumb|Um retrato do Public Universal Friend, da biografia do Friend, escrita por David Hudson em 1821.]]
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* "[[Singular they]]" had already been the standard [[English neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronoun in English]] for hundreds of years. However, in 1745, prescriptive grammarians began to say that it was no longer acceptable. Their reasoning was that neutral pronouns don't exist in Latin, which was thought to be a better language, so English shouldn't use them, either. They instead began to recommend using "[[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]" as a gender-neutral pronoun.<ref>Maria Bustillos, "Our desperate, 250-year-long search for a gender-neutral pronoun." January 6, 2011. [http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun]</ref> This started the dispute over the problem of acceptable gender-neutral pronouns in English, which has carried on for centuries now.
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* [[Māhū]] ("no meio") nas culturas Kanaka Maoli (havaiana) e Maohi (taitiana) são [[terceiro gênero]] pessoas com papéis espirituais e sociais tradicionais dentro da cultura. A categoria de gênero māhū existia em suas culturas durante os tempos de pré-contato e ainda existe hoje. .<ref>Kaua'i Iki, quoted by Andrew Matzner in 'Transgender, queens, mahu, whatever': An Oral History from Hawai'i. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context Issue 6, August 2001</ref> Na história pré-colonial do Havaí, os māhū eram sacerdotes e curandeiros notáveis, embora grande parte dessa história tenha sido omitida pela intervenção de missionários. A primeira descrição ocidental escrita de māhū ocorre em 1789, no diário de bordo do Capitão William Bligh do Bounty, que parou no Taiti, onde foi apresentado a um membro de uma "classe de pessoas muito comum em Otaheitie chamada Mahoo ... que embora eu fosse certo era um homem, tinha grandes marcas de efeminação sobre ele."<ref>William Bligh. Bounty Logbook. Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref>

* O [[Public Universal Friend]] (1752 - 1819) foi uma pessoa evangelista sem gênero que viajou por todo o leste dos Estados Unidos para pregar uma teologia baseada na dos Quakers, que era ativamente contra a escravidão. Acreditava que Deus os havia reanimado de uma doença grave aos 24 anos com um novo espírito, que não tinha gênero, e recusou-se identificar-se pelo nome de nascimento,<ref name="Moyer-12 Winiarski-430 Juster-MacFarlane-27-28">Moyer, p. 12; Winiarski, p. 430; and Susan Juster, Lisa MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism: Race, Gender, and the Creation of American Protestantism'' (1996), p. 27, and p. 28.</ref> even on legal documents,<ref name="Brekus-85">Catherine A. Brekus, ''Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845'' (2000), p. 85</ref> e preferia o uso de nenhum pronome. Os seguidores respeitaram esses desejos, evitando pronomes específicos de gênero, mesmo em diários privados, e referindo-se apenas a "Public Universal Friend" ou formas curtas como "o Friend" ou "PUF".<ref name="Juster-MacFarlane-27-28 Brekus-85 etc">Juster & MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism'', pp. 27-28; Brekus, p. 85</ref> Usava roupas que os contemporâneos descreveram como andróginas, que geralmente eram túnicas pretas. Os seguidores de The Friend ficaram conhecidos como Sociedade de Amigos Universais e incluíam pessoas negras e muitas mulheres solteiras que assumiam papéis masculinos em suas comunidades. <ref name="Lamphier-Welch-331">Peg A. Lamphier, Rosanne Welch, ''Women in American History'' (2017), p. 331.</ref>

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* [[Jens Andersson]] was a nonbinary person in Norway, who married a woman in 1781. It was soon discovered that Andersson had a female body, and the marriage was annulled, while Andersson was accused of sodomy. In the trial, Andersson was asked: "Are you a man or a woman?" It was recorded that the answer was that "he thinks he may be both".[https://skeivtarkiv.no/skeivopedia/et-besynderligt-givtermaal-mellem-tvende-fruentimmer]
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* [[Romaine-la-Prophétesse]] foi líder de uma revolta de escravos em 1791-92, no início da Revolução Haitiana, que por um tempo governou grande parte do sul do Haiti, incluindo duas grandes cidades. Romaine identificou-se como profetisa, vestiu-se como mulher e falou que estava possuída por um espírito feminino, mas também foi identificada como afilhada da Virgem Maria e usou pronomes masculinos em autorreferências em cartas ditadas; Romaine foi, portanto, interpretada por estudiosos modernos como talvez [[gênero-fluido]]<ref name="R52">Terry Rey, ''The Priest and the Prophetess'' (2017), pp. 52-53</ref> or [[transgender]],<ref name="R52"/><ref name="Albanese">Mary Grace Albanese, "Unraveling the Blood Line: Pauline Hopkins's Haitian Genealogies", in ''J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists'', volume 7, number 2, Fall 2019, p. 234</ref> ou pode ter sido [[bigênero]].

==Século XIX==
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|We'Wha, uma pessoa Zuni de dois espíritos (''Lhamana'') que viveu de 1849-1896.]]
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27wha We'wha] (1849–1896) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, and the most famous ''lhamana'' on record. In traditional Zuni culture, the ''lhamana'' take on roles and duties associated with both men and women, and they wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing. They work as mediators. As a notable fiber artist, weaver, and potter, We'wha was a prominent cultural ambassador for Native Americans in general, and the Zuni in particular. In 1886, We'wha was part of the Zuni delegation to Washington D.C.. They were hosted by anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson and, during that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland. Friends and relatives alternated masculine and feminine pronouns for We'Wha. We'wha was described as being highly intelligent, having a strong character, and always being kind to children.<ref name=Stevenson37>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p. 37</ref><ref name=Bost139>Suzanne Bost, Mulattas and Mestizas: Representing Mixed Identities in the Americas, 1850-2000, (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2003, pg.139</ref>
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[[File:Mapah (Grandville).jpg|thumb|150px|A contemporary caricature of the Mapah, preaching in front of a relief with masculine signifiers on the left (pipe, sword), and feminine on the right (corset, distaff).]]
* [[Simon Ganneau]] (1806 - 1851) was a sculptor and Parisian prophet. He wore a combination of feminine and masculine signifiers: a beard, a working man's blouse, and a woman's mantle. He called himself by the title "the Mapah," which was a combination of the words ''mater'' (mother) and ''pater'' (father). He created a mystical religion he called Evadaisme, meaning "Eve-Adam-ism." This taught that the next phase of human development would be androgyny, coming from the femininity of Mary-Eve marrying the masculinity of Christ-Adam. Evadaisme condemned sexist traditions, such as taking the surname of one's father and not one's mother. Though the Mapah was poor, he was well-educated, and spoke eloquently. He preached to working-class men and sex workers.<ref>Shawn P. Wilbur. "Notes on Simon Ganneau (the Mapah) and Evadaisme." July 14, 2019. https://www.libertarian-labyrinth.org/utopian-and-scientific/notes-on-simon-ganneau-the-mapah-and-evadisme/</ref><ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androgyne_Evadam_(Mapah,_1838).jpg</ref> The Mapah taught Éliphas Lévi (1810 – 1875), inspiring the latter to become interested in the occult. Lévi then become the best-known occultist of the nineteenth century. Through Lévi, the occult practice of Western ceremonial magic owes much of its origins to the Mapah.<ref>https://www.grupopensamento.com.br/produto/dogma-e-ritual-da-alta-magia-nova-edicao-5550</ref><ref>Christopher McIntosh, ''Éliphas Lévi and the French Occult Revival'', 1972.</ref>
{{clear}}
=== 1870s ===
[[File:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (from Kennedy).jpg|thumb|150px|Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895), que descreveu "um sexo neutro" que não era fisicamente intersexo.]]
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* Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895) developed a theory in which men who are attracted to men and women who are attracted to women are thus because they are members of a third sex, a mixture of both male and female, and with the psyche or essence of the "opposite" sex, even though their bodies look like cis-gender male and female bodies. The terms "homosexual," "bisexual," and "heterosexual" didn't exist yet, so he coined terms for them all. The overall phenomenon he called [[Uranismus]] (in the original German, ''Urningtum''), gay men were uranians (German ''urnings''), lesbians were uraniads (German ''urningin'', as ''-in'' is the feminine suffix), whereas heterosexuals were ''Dionings'', so bisexual men were ''uranodionings,'' and so on, all of which were distinct from ''zwitter'' (intersex). Ulrichs based this naming system on "Plato's ''Symposium'', where two different kinds of love [...are] ruled by two different goddesses of love-- Aphrodite, daughter of Uranus, and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus and Dione. The second Aphrodite rules those who love the opposite sex." <ref>''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 61. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref> Ulrichs argued that their condition was as natural and healthy as that of what we now call heterosexual people, and he started the movement fighting for their equal legal rights to express their love "between consenting adults, with the free consent of both parties," in his words from 1870, and that they should not be pathologized nor criminalized for doing so.<ref name="UlrichsAraxes">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Araxes: Appeal for the liberation of the urning's nature from penal law." 1870. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 63-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref>. Although Uranismus was generally addressed in terms of orientation, Ulrichs specifically described various categories of uranians in terms of their gender nonconformity and gender variance. For example, in regard to feminine gay men or queens (who he called ''Weiblings''), Ulrichs wrote in 1879, <blockquote>"The Weibling is a total mixture of male and female, in which the female element is even predominant, a thoroughly hermaphroditically organized being. Despite his male sexual organs, he is more woman than man. He is a woman with male sexual organs. He is a neutral sex. He is a [[neuter]]. He is the hermaphrodite of the ancients."<ref name="UlrichsArrow">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Critical arrow." 1879. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 64-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref></blockquote>
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: Ulrichs prossegue dizendo que a contraparte direta do Weibling entre aqueles que foram designados como mulher no nascimento é "o Mannlingin de inspiração masculina e amante de mulheres", que é igualmente variante de gênero.t.<ref name="UlrichsArrow" /> Ulrichs enfatiza que o Uranismo inclui pessoas com variação de gênero, distintas daquelas que se conformam com seu gênero, e também distintas de pessoas nascidas com características intersexuais físicas. Como tal, o Uranismo incluía pessoas que hoje podem ser identificadas como não binárias.
{{Clear}}
=== 1880s ===

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* The earliest known true [[transsexual]] genital conversion [[surgery]] of any kind was performed in 1882 on a [[Binary genders#Transgender men|trans man]] named Herman Karl.<ref>James Sears, ''Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Issues in Education.'' p. 109. [http://books.google.com/books?id=w7365W7rQKQC&lpg=PA109&ots=gSa98lwR0v&dq=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&f=false Google Books link]</ref> However, "earliest transsexual genital conversion surgery" depends on one's definition. [[Eunuch]]s have been around for all of human history, and while many eunuchs consider themselves [[Binary genders#Cisgender men|cisgender men]], many others consider themselves another gender that isn't female or male, such as [[hijra]]. Some sources credit the first trans male genital conversion surgery as, instead, the one performed on a trans man named Michael Dillon in the 1930s, perhaps depending on how one defines that surgery.
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=== 1890s ===

[[File:Autobiography of an Androgyne - The Author—A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jennie June]] in her autobiography, posing as "A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos." 1918.]]

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* Based on Ulrich's work in the 1870s, which were the foundation of Western notions of LGBT people for the next several decades, clinical beliefs around the time of the 1890s "conflat[ed] sex, sexual orientation, and gender expression," thinking of (to use modern words for them) gay, lesbian, transgender, and gender non-conforming people as all having some kind of intersex condition. Such people were said to have "sexual inversion," and were called "inverts."<ref>"What's the history behind the intersex rights movement?" ''Intersex Society of North America.'' http://www.isna.org/faq/history </ref>. Another name used for the same category through the 1890s and 1910s was "the intermediate sex," or the "intermediates," which was not physically intersex, and was understood to be often (though not always) gender nonconforming.<ref>Edward Carpenter. "The intermediate sex." ''Love's Coming-of-Age.'' 1906. Accessed via the archive in ''Sacred Texts'' at http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/lca/lca09.htm</ref>
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* During the 1890s, Paresis Hall in New York City was a place with an active nightlife of LGBT people. In 1895, the autobiographer [[Jennie June]] formed an organization called the Cercle Hermaphroditos, along with other [[androgyne]]s like June's self who frequented Paresis Hall. The purpose of the group was to "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution," and to show that it was natural to be an invert (an LGBT person).<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> This is one of the earliest known organizations in the US for LGBT rights.<ref>Gross, Tasha. "LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery". ''LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery''. N.p., December 4, 2014. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> <ref name="OutHistory intro">Out History. "Introduction." ''Earl Lind (Raph Werther - Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921.'' October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621082140/https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earl-lind/intro/intro</ref><ref name="Stryker2007">{{Cite web |title=Why the T in LGBT is here to stay |last=Stryker |first=Susan |work=Salon |date=11 October 2007 |access-date=4 July 2020 |url= https://www.salon.com/control/2007/10/11/transgender_2/}}</ref>
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{{Clear}}

== Século XX ==

* In 1905, a 61-year-old person named Randolph Milbourne was arrested for publicly wearing women's clothing. Later, Milbourne stated that "While physically I am a man, yet spiritually and intellectually I am neither a man nor a woman".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Spokane Press|date=May 15, 1905 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1905-05-15/ed-1/seq-3/|title=Ohio Man Wears Woman's Garb In Spite Of Courts}}</ref>

[[File:1933-may-10-berlin-book-burning.JPG|thumb|Em 1933, os nazistas em Berlim queimaram obras de esquerdistas e outros autores considerados "não-alemães", incluindo milhares de livros roubados da biblioteca do Instituto de Pesquisa Sexual de Hirschfeld.]]
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* During the 1910s, German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld created the word "transvestite," which at the time meant many more kinds of transgender and even transsexual people. Hirschfeld opened the first clinic to regularly serve them.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research had a library of literature about LGBT people, collected from all over Europe, that couldn't be found anywhere else. This started to bring about a revolution in how society understood and accepted LGBT people, and allowing [[children]] to be [[gender nonconformity|gender nonconforming]]. Then, in 1933, the Nazis destroyed it all. This set back LGBT rights for another 40 or so years. The progress wasn't matched again until at least 1990.
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* O estudioso [[Pessoas não binárias notáveis # Jennie June | Jennie June]] (nascida em 1874) se identificou como "fada", "andrógino", "homem afeminado" e "invertido", termos contemporâneos para gênero e variância sexual. Sua transição incluiu mudar seu nome completo para Jennie June, e escolher ser castrada, a fim de reduzir os pelos faciais e os desejos sexuais que a perturbavam. June publicou sua primeira autobiografia, '' The Autobiography of an Androgyne '' em 1918, e seu segundo '' The Female-Impersonators '' em 1922. Seu objetivo ao escrever seus livros era ajudar a criar um ambiente de aceitação para jovens adultos que fazem não aderir a gênero e normas sexuais, porque era isso que ela queria para si mesma, e ela queria evitar que os jovens cometessem suicídio.<ref name="Meyerowitz 2010">Meyerowitz, J. "Thinking Sex With An Androgyne". ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'' 17.1 (2010): 97–105. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> June had formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos in 1895, along with other androgynes who frequented Paresis Hall in New York City. The organization was formed in the hopes "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution," and to show that it was natural to be gender and sex variant.<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref>
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{{Clear}}
===1940s===

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[[File:Claude Cahun.jpg|thumb|Claude Cahun.]]
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* Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o artista surrealista judeu [[Pessoas não binárias notáveis # Claude Cahun | Claude Cahun]] (que descreveu seu gênero como "neutro") {{Cite o livro | title = Rejeições: ou confissões canceladas | primeiro = Claude | último = Cahun | date = 2008 | publisher = The MIT Press | isbn = 9780262533034 | oclc = 922878515}} com seu parceiro de vida Marcel Moore (também um artista judeu que escolheu um nome neutro) engajado no trabalho de resistência e ativismo contra os nazistas durante o Ocupação alemã da França. Em 1944, Cahun e Moore foram presos pelos nazistas e condenados à morte, mas a sentença nunca foi executada porque a ilha foi libertada da ocupação alemã em 1945.<ref name=":1" >{{Cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Corinne|date=2005|title=Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification|url=|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=13|pages=37–50|via=Project MUSE}}</ref>
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===1960s===

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* Although the earliest known ''recorded'' mention of the gender-neutral title [[Mx]] was in a magazine article in 1977,<ref>Practical Androgyny (PractiAndrogyny). May 4, 2015. [https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801 https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801]</ref><ref>''The Single Parent'', vol 20. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx]</ref> anecdotes say it was in use as far back as 1965.<ref>Cassian Lotte Lodge (cassolotl). "Mx has been around since the 1960s." November 26, 2014. Blog post. [http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405 http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405]</ref><ref>octopus8. November 18, 2014. Comment on news article. [http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815 http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815]</ref>
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===1970s===

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[[File:D.J._Beck.PNG|thumb|280px|D.J. Beck, who described themself as neither male nor female in a 1978 interview published in ''Philadelphia Gay News''.]]
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* During the 1970s and 1980s, feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift were significant influences on encouraging people to take up [[gender neutral language|gender inclusive language]], as an alternative to sexist language that excludes or dehumanizes women. Some of their books on this are ''Words and Women'' (1976) and ''The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing'' (1980). They also encoraged the use of gender neutral pronouns.<ref>Elizabeth Isele, "Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women who dared to disturb the lexicon." http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html </ref> Though their work doesn't directly acknowledge the existence of people outside the gender binary, it did help break down societal views of masculine-as-default, and even the extent of the gender binary in language.
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* Up until the 1970s, LGBT people of all kinds largely had a sense of being on the same side together. A major rift started in 1979, when [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender woman]] Janice Raymond wrote the book ''Transsexual Empire,'' which outlined her transphobic conspiracy theory which told cisgender women to fear trans women. This started the [[cissexism|trans-exclusionary movement]]. As a result, many [[feminism|feminist]], lesbian, and women-only spaces became hostile to trans women. This dividing issue made it difficult for feminism to develop an understanding of transgender issues in general. In response, the movement of transgender studies began with an essay by trans woman Sandy Stone in 1987.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref> Today, the term TERF (Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist) means supposed feminists who discriminate against [[woman#transgender women|trans women]].
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* A 1978 issue of ''Philadelphia Gay News'' contains an interview with someone who started a [[transfeminine]] [[transition]], lived as a woman for a year and a a half, then ceased taking feminizing hormones. The person, going by the name [[D.J. Beck]] at the time, states in the interview that "[Our culture feels] that one must be male or one must be female. Our society demands that you cannot be both, you cannot be in between, you cannot be flexible." and "As much as I felt uncomfortable as a male, I felt unnatural as a female." The interview concludes with Beck saying, "I learned that I'm something that we haven't put a label on yet. I'm something that I think a lot of men and women will someday be able to accept and admit they are: people of a personal psyche that doesn't have to be male or female. [...] The time is coming when we will quit thinking in terms of he or she, and live in the shades of gray." <ref>{{cite journal|date=October 15, 1978|title=Turning back from a one-way journey|journal=Philadelphia Gay News|last=Cwiek|first=Tim|pages=7, 10, 16 |url=https://voices.revealdigital.org/?a=d&d=JDJAJHJJF19781015.1.10&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1}}</ref> If Beck was alive today, they may have identified under the nonbinary/genderqueer umbrella.
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===1980s===

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* In the 1980s, the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-III, included "Gender Identity Disorder" to diagnose people as transsexual.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> It frames being trans as a strictly pathological mental condition. Getting this diagnosis becomes a necessary step for many trans people to transition. Psychologists during this time believed that a legitimately trans person needed to conform very closely to the [[gender binary]], and even needed to be heterosexual. The psychologists focused on trans women, and isolated them from one another, so they had little community. Meanwhile, trans men got less help from that system, and so they largely left it and formed their own communities.<ref>fakecisgirl, "The Misery Pimps: The People Who Impede Trans Liberation." October 7, 2013. ''Fake Cis Girl'' (personal blog). [https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/ https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/]</ref>
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* In the 1980s and 1990s, Michael Spivak used a set of [[English neutral pronouns#E|gender-neutral "E, Emself" pronouns]] in his math books, in order to avoid indicating a person's gender. The same or similar pronoun had been coined independently by others in prior years. Due to how Spivak popularized these particular pronouns, these soon became known as "spivak pronouns" when they were built into a place where people talked together on the Internet.<ref>"Gender-neutral pronoun FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>
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===1990s===

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* In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference chose [[Two-Spirit]] as a better English umbrella term for some gender identities unique to Native American cultures, many of which can be considered as outside of the Western gender binary.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref>
* The 1990 Bisexual Manifesto published in bi zine "Anything That Moves" shows explicit support of nonbinary gender by stating "Do not assume that [[bisexuality]] is binary or duogamous in nature: that we have 'two' sides or that we must be involved simultaneously with both genders to be fulfilled human beings. In fact, don’t assume that there are only two genders."<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Anything That Moves Bisexual Manifesto |author= |work=BiNet USA's Blog |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=15 May 2020 |url=https://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519201628/http://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The term "[[Gender Queer]]" was defined in a 1990 book titled ''The Welcoming Congregation Handbook'' as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>; it can be surmised that the term "gender queer" was likely in use even before this publication recorded it.
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* In 1994, [[Kate Bornstein]], who currently identifies as nonbinary,<ref>https://www.slantmagazine.com/house/article/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men</ref> published the book ''Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us,'' about her experience as a transgender person identifying outside of the gender binary.
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* In 1995, a [[neutrois]] person named [[H. A. Burnham]] created the word "neutrois," a name for a nonbinary gender identity.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref>
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* In 1998, an article from a transgender community on the Internet, ''[[Sphere]]'', used the words "queergendered" and "polygendered" interchangeably as umbrella terms for everyone whose gender was outside the gender binary, specifying that these included people who were "[[bigender|bi-gendered]], [[agender|non-gendered]], or [[third gender|third-gendered]]," explaining that some faced difficulty in seeking a gender-ambiguous physical transition.<ref>Danica Nuccitelli. "Polygender FAQ." ''Sphere.'' May 26, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005048/http://gender-sphere.0catch.com/polygenderfaq.htm</ref>
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* No final dos anos 1990, as pessoas no Japão que não se identificavam como homem nem mulher começaram a se autodenominar [[gênero X]].
{{Clear}}

== Século XXI ==
[[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|Uma hijra paquistanesa em um protesto entre dois grupos hijra de Islamabad e Rawalpindi. 2008]]
===2000s===

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* [[Intersex]] Australian Alex MacFarlane believed to be the first person in Australia to obtain a birth certificate recording sex as indeterminate, and the first Australian passport with an "X" sex marker. Australia began to let people mark their gender as "X" on their birth certificates and passports.<ref>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Julie|title=X marks the spot for intersex Alex|archive-date=11 November 2013|work=The West Australian |date=11 January 2003 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6L2hqf44G?url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf |url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Holme|first=Ingrid|year=2008 |title= Hearing People's Own Stories|journal=Science as Culture|volume=17|issue=3|pages=341–344| doi=10.1080/09505430802280784| url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430802280784}}</ref>
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* In 2009, India began to allow voters outside the gender binary to "register their gender as '[[other]]' on ballots submitted to the Election Commission."<ref name="AdvocateIndia">{{cite web|author=Sunnivie Brydum|title=Indian Supreme Court Recognizes Third Gender.|date=April 15, 2014|work=The Advocate| url= https://www.advocate.com/world/2014/04/15/indian-supreme-court-recognizes-third-gender}}</ref>
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===2010s===
{{Outdated Information}}
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====2010====

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*In August, a user on the Asexual Visibility and Education Network forums took the "demi-" from "demiromantic" and came up with the term "demiguy".<ref>https://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/52633-transwhatevers-of-aven/page/20/?tab=comments#comment-1615634</ref> This concept would eventually catch on and broaden into an array of [[demigender]] labels.
*In December, the US state of Arkansas enacted a policy allowing gender on drivers' licenses and state ID cards to be changed to M, F, or X with "no questions asked, no documentation required". However, this policy received very little attention until 2018.<ref name="Qong">{{Cite web |title=Arkansas Has Been Offering A Nonbinary Gender Option On State IDs For Years |last=Wong |first=Curtis M. |work=HuffPost |date=October 17, 2018 |access-date=June 1, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/arkansas-gender-neutral-state-id-option_n_5bc79f75e4b0d38b5874a669}}</ref>
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====2011====

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* In 2011, Bangladesh started to allow passports to show a gender called "other".<ref name="Macarow2015">{{Cite web |title=These Eleven Countries are Way Ahead of the US on Trans Issues |last=Macarow |first=Aron |work=ATTN: |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url=https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084016/https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Hopper2012">{{Cite web |title=Genderless passports 'under review' in Canada |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |work=National Post |date=8 May 2012 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada}}</ref>
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====2012====
* Em 14 de julho, foi celebrado o primeiro [[Dia Internacional Não-Binário]] anual, criado por [[Katje van Loon]].
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[[File:Anjali gopalan.jpg|thumb|Primeira parada do orgulho gay de gênero da Ásia em Madurai, 2012.]]
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*On 14th July, the first annual [[International Nonbinary Day]], created by [[Katje van Loon]], was celebrated.
{{Clear}}
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====2013====
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* A newer version of the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-5, replaces the "gender identity disorder" diagnosis with "[[gender dysphoria]]," to lessen the pathologization of transgender people.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref>
* In September 2013, a nonbinary tumblr user by the handle "revolutionator" coins the term "enby" as a short for "nonbinary person" or "NB".<ref name="enby">{{Cite web |title=Queer Etymology: Enby |author= |work=Androgyne of the Archeart |date=16 December 2019 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url=https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084020/https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On November 4, 2013 in the US, 18-year-old Sasha Fleischman was assaulted for wearing gender nonconforming clothing. Sasha identifies as [[genderqueer]] and [[agender]], and goes by "they" pronouns. When they had fallen asleep on a public bus, a stranger lit Sasha's skirt on fire. Sasha survived, suffering second and third degree burns. In the following weeks, allies showed support by marching along that bus route, tying rainbow ribbons to poles, and writing letters. Several schools sponsored skirt-wearing days. The assailant was sentenced to seven years in juvenile detention.<ref>Dashka Slater, "The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland." ''The New York Times Magazine.'' February 1, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html</ref> The nonfiction book ''The 57 Bus'' explores the incident in detail.<ref>Slater, Dashka (October 17, 2017). ''The 57 Bus''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN 9780374303235.</ref>
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====2014====
[[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|Manifestantes do orgulho de dois espíritos no Orgulho de São Francisco de 2014.]]
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* A Suprema Corte da Índia decidiu a favor dos direitos e reconhecimento legal de "índios que não se identificam como homem nem mulher, ou aqueles que se identificam como mulheres transexuais, conhecidos como hijra".<ref name="AdvocateIndia" />
* O site de rede social Facebook começou a permitir que os usuários escolhessem entre 50 opções de gênero.
* A comunidade transgênero no site de rede social Tumblr criou centenas de [[pronomes]].
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====2015====

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* Nepal began to allow X gender passports.<ref>Clarissa-Jan Lim. "New 'Third Gender' Option on Nepal Passports Finally Protects the Rights of LGBT Community." ''Bustle''. January 8, 2015. http://www.bustle.com/articles/57466-new-third-gender-option-on-nepal-passports-finally-protects-the-rights-of-lgbt-community</ref>
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* Dictionary.com put in the nonbinary gender words [[agender]], [[bigender]], and [[genderfluid]].<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. ''Dictionary.com.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> Meanwhile, the Oxford English Dictionary announced that it might add the title [[Mx]].<ref>Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, "Gender neutral honorific Mx 'to be included' in the Oxford English Dictionary alongside Mr, Ms and Mrs and Miss." May 3, 2015. ''The Independent''. [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html]</ref><ref>Mary Papenfuss, "Oxford Dictionary may include gender-neutral honorific 'Mx'." May 5, 2015. ''International Business Times.'' [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626]</ref>
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* One of Irish broadcaster RTE’s best-known journalists, [[Notable nonbinary people#Jonathan Rachel Clynch|Jonathan Rachel Clynch]], came out as genderfluid.<ref>Tom Sykes, "A ‘Gender Fluid’ Journalist Comes Out To Irish Cheers." 2015-09-18. ''Daily Beast.'' http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/18/a-gender-fluid-journalist-comes-out-to-irish-cheers.html</ref>
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* Singer, songwriter, and actor [[Miley Cyrus]] explained she didn't relate to being a girl or a boy.<ref name=cyrusout>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Miley Cyrus Launches Anti-Homelessness, Pro-LGBT ‘Happy Hippie Foundation’ |last=Krochmal |first=Shana Naomi |work=out.com |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.out.com/music/2015/5/05/exclusive-miley-cyrus-launches-anti-homelessness-pro-lgbt-happy-hippie-foundation}}</ref>
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*The Washington Post style guide was updated to allow use of [[singular they]], with Post copy editor Bill Walsh saying: {{quote|What finally pushed me from acceptance to action on [[gender neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronouns]] was the increasing visibility of [[gender-neutral]] people. The Post has run at least one profile of a person who identifies as neither male nor female and specifically requests ''they'' and the like instead of ''he'' or ''she''. Trans and [[genderqueer]] awareness will raise difficult questions down the road, with some people requesting [[Neopronouns|newly invented or even individually made-up pronouns]]. [...] But simply allowing ''they'' for a [[gender-nonconforming]] person is a no-brainer. And once we've done that, why not allow it for the most awkward of those ''he or she'' situations that have troubled us for so many years?<ref>{{cite web |date= December 4, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117232610/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html |archive-date=January 17, 2020 |last=Walsh |first=Bill |title=The Post drops the 'mike' — and the hyphen in 'e-mail'}}</ref>}}
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====2016====

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* On January 8, the American Dialect Society voted [[singular they]] as Word of the Year for 2015, with ADS member Ben Zimmer stating "In the past year, new expressions of [[gender identity]] have generated a deal of discussion, and singular ''they'' has become a particularly significant element of that conversation. While many novel gender-neutral pronouns have been proposed, ''they'' has the advantage of already being part of the language." Singular "they" also won in the Most Useful category, beating out other contenders including "mic drop", "microaggression", and "shade" by a wide margin.<ref name="ADSthey">{{Cite web |title=2015 Word of the Year is singular “they” |author= |work=American Dialect Society |date=January 8, 2016 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.americandialect.org/2015-word-of-the-year-is-singular-they}}</ref>
* In the USA, the states of Oregon and then California began to allow for a nonbinary legal gender, though getting this recognized on identity documents (driver's licenses and passports) is another matter. California began to allow nonbinary driver's licenses.<ref name="OHara">{{Cite web |title=Californian becomes second US citizen granted 'non-binary' gender status |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=NBC News |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611 }}</ref>
*In April, Merriam-Webster added [[cisgender]], [[genderqueer]], and [[Mx]]. to its unabridged dictionary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=MerriamWebster|number=722817225925791744|title=Cisgender, Mx., and genderqueer are all new additions to the Unabridged today. Here's our article on 'cisgender'. https://t.co/9fvlhnlIPv|date=20 April 2016}}</ref>
*On the 2016 Australian Census, for the first time people could identify themselves as "male", "female", or "[[other]]". 1300 people selected "other".<ref name="power2017">{{Cite web |title=Being gender non-binary on the Census, dyke is a dirty word and Ramadan fundraising |author=Power, Shannon |work=The Informer |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=15 October 2020 |url= https://joy.org.au/theinformer/2017/06/28/gender-non-binary-census-dyke-dirty-word-ramadan-fundraising/}}</ref>
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====2017====
*In the USA, California passed the [[2017 Gender Recognition Act]] "to ensure that intersex, transgender, and nonbinary people have state-issued identification documents that provide full legal [[Recognition (USA)|recognition]] of their accurate gender identity."<ref name="Bermudez">{{Cite web |title=California’s Gender Recognition Act and Impact on Employers - Klinedinst |last=Bermudez |first=Nadia P. |work=Klinedinst Attorneys |date=November 8, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604104058/https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SB179">{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet: California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179) |author=Transgender Law Center |work= |date=2018 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406000749/https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In June 2017, USA's District of Colombia began to offer nonbinary driver's licenses and identification cards.<ref name="Stein">{{Cite web |title=Meet the first person in the country to officially receive a gender-neutral driver's license |last=Stein |first=Perry |work=Washington Post |date=30 June 2017 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/meet-the-first-person-in-the-country-to-officially-receive-a-gender-neutral-drivers-license/2017/06/30/bcb78afc-5d9a-11e7-9fc6-c7ef4bc58d13_story.html}}</ref> Activist [[Shige Sakurai]] was the first to receive one of these "X"-marked licenses.<ref name="Norwood">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=29 May 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html}}</ref> Soon after, the state of Oregon also began to issue gender-neutral IDs.<ref name="Stein"/>
* The country of Malta began to offer "X" gender markers on passports and other documents.<ref name="into_Malt">{{Cite web |title=Malta Becomes Latest Country to Allow Non-Binary Option on Passports |author= |work=INTO |date=6 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.intomore.com/impact/malta-becomes-latest-country-to-allow-nonbinary-option-on-passports}}</ref>
* Popular musician Sam Smith came out stating in an interview that "I don't know what the title would be but I feel just as much woman as I am man." <ref name="Besanvalle">{{Cite web |title=Sam Smith on his gender identity: 'I feel just as much woman as I am man' |last=Besanvalle |first=James |work=Gay Star News |date=22 October 2017 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819171648/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In Germany, a person petitioned the registry office to change the gender on their birth record from "female" to "diverse". In regard to this case, the German Constitutional Court made a judgement suggesting "waiving the mandatory entry of gender in registries, or offering a different option besides male or female", reasoning that "denial of recognition of a non-binary gender identity does endanger the constitutionally protected free personality development."<ref name="tgeu_Join">{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement: Civil Society welcomes ground-breaking German Constitutional Court demand for a new regulation of sex registration |author= |work=TGEU |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=15 November 2020 |url= https://tgeu.org/joint-statement-civil-society-welcomes-ground-breaking-german-constitutional-court-demand-for-a-new-regulation-of-sex-registration/}}</ref>
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====2018====
*In January, Washington state began to allow "X" gender markers on official documents<ref name="Jackman">{{Cite web |title=Washington to recognise third gender in groundbreaking move |last=Jackman |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/01/05/washington-to-recognise-third-gender-in-groundbreaking-move/}}</ref>, with the law stating that {{quote|"X" means a gender that is not exclusively male or female, including, but not limited to, [[intersex]], [[agender]], [[amalgagender]], [[androgynous]], [[bigender]], [[demigender]], female-to-male, [[genderfluid]], [[genderqueer]], male-to-female, [[neutrois]], [[nonbinary]], [[pangender]], [[third gender|third sex]], [[transgender]], [[transsexual]], [[Two Spirit]], and unspecified.<ref name="washington">{{Cite web |title=WAC 246-490-075: Changing sex designation on a birth certificate. |author= |work=Washington State Legislature |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195929/https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
*In July, well-known creator [[Rebecca Sugar]] came out as a [[nonbinary woman]].
*In September, Merriam-Webster Dictionary added the gender-inclusive term "Latinx".<ref name="Brammer2018">{{Cite web |title=The Gender-Neutral Term 'Latinx' Is Now Officially in the Dictionary |last=Brammer |first=John Paul |work=them. |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/latinx-is-officially-in-the-dictionary}}</ref>
*In October, the first [[International Pronouns Day]] took place with participation in 25 countries.
*In October, New York City passed a law (taking effect January 1, 2019) allowing [[Recognition (USA)|"X" gender markers on birth certificates]], and allows the marker to be changed without medical documentation.<ref name="Ohara2018">{{Cite web |title=New York City Just Passed a Gender-Neutral Birth Certificate Law |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=them. |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-birth-certificate-law-nyc}}</ref>
*In October, the Netherlands issued its first-ever passport with "X" gender designation. This was done for 57-year-old [[Leonne Zeegers]].<ref name="Dutch-X-Passport">{{Cite web |title=First Dutch gender-neutral passport issued |author= |work=BBC News |date=19 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45914813 }}</ref>
* Washington, D.C. public schools began to offer "nonbinary" as a gender option on school enrollment forms.<ref name="nyti_Some">{{Cite web |title=Some Schools Allow Children to Register With a Gender Option Besides Girl or Boy |author=De La Cruz, Donna |work=nytimes.com |date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=November 12, 2020 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/19/well/family/some-schools-allow-children-to-register-with-a-gender-option-besides-girl-or-boy.html}}</ref>
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====2019====
*In the USA in February, Kirsten Gillibrand, one of the many Democratic candidates for president, said she endorses the availability of "X" [[gender markers]] for nonbinary people.<ref name="GillibrandX">{{Cite web |title=2020 contender Kirsten Gillibrand backs third gender classification at federal level |last=Erickson |first=Bo |work=CBS News |date=February 16, 2019 |access-date=November 4, 2020 |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-democratic-contender-backs-third-gender-classification-at-federal-level/}}</ref>
*In March, nonbinary person Finley Norris became the first person in the state of Indiana, USA to receive a driver's license with an "X" gender marker.<ref name="Norwood"/>
*Google released 53 new emoji variations with specifically [[gender neutral]] appearance.<ref name="England2019">{{Cite web |title=Google is releasing 53 new gender neutral emojis |last=England |first=Jason |work=Android Central |date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.androidcentral.com/google-releasing-53-new-gender-neutral-emojis}}</ref>
*In November, Massachusetts began allowing an X as a nonbinary gender marker on Driver's Licenses and State IDs. <ref name="Massgov">{{Cite web |title=Massachusetts Allows Nonbinary Marker on Licenses, IDs |work=mass.gov|date=November 19, 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |url= https://www.mass.gov/news/massachusetts-allows-nonbinary-marker-on-licenses-ids#:~:text=Boston%2C%20MA%20%E2%80%94%20The%20Massachusetts%20Commission,Commission%2C%20and%20follows%20years%20of}}</ref>
*Merriam-Webster declared [[singular they|"they"]] as the top Word of the Year.<ref name="MW2019">{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019 |author= |work=merriam-webster.com |date=2019 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/they}}</ref>
*Collins Dictionary added the word "non-binary".<ref name="wale_Coll">{{Cite web |title=Collins Dictionary recognise the word 'non-binary' |last=McGee |first=Sarah |work=WalesOnline |date=7 November 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020 |url= https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/collins-dictionary-recognises-word-non-17212246}}</ref>
*"[[Genderqueer]]", "[[agender]]", "[[cisgender]]", "[[Misgendering|misgender]]", "[[transphobia]]", and "[[ze/hir|ze]]" are added to the international Scrabble dictionary.<ref name="Kiley">{{Cite web |title=Scrabble Approves 'Genderqueer,' 'Ze,' and Other LGBTQ Terms |last=Kiley |first=Rachel |work=Pride.com |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.pride.com/news/2019/5/06/scrabble-approves-genderqueer-ze-and-other-lgbtq-terms}}</ref>
*Canada's 2019 Census Test (in preparation for the 2021 Census) now includes separate questions about [[Assigned at birth|sex at birth]] and [[gender]], and also allows nonbinary gender answers.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/road2021-chemin2021/fs-fi/sex-and-gender.cfm</ref>
* The American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide was updated to endorse the use of [[singular they]]: "Writers should use the singular 'they' in two main cases: (a) when referring to a generic person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context and (b) when referring to a specific, known person who uses 'they' as their pronoun."<ref name="LeeAPA">{{Cite web |title=Welcome, singular “they” |last=Lee |first=Chelsea |work=APA Style |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/singular-they}}</ref>
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===2020s===
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====2020====
* In January, American presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren promised that if she is elected, she will have "at least 50% of Cabinet positions filled by women and non binary people."<ref name="Warren">{{Cite web |title=Restoring Integrity and Competence to Government After Trump |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |work=Medium |date=21 Jan 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://medium.com/@teamwarren/restoring-integrity-and-competence-to-government-after-trump-1fda0e1cc4c5}}</ref><ref name="Urbanski">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren pledges to fill at least half her Cabinet with women and 'non binary people' |last=Urbanski |first=Dave |work=TheBlaze |date=22 January 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.theblaze.com/news/elizabeth-warren-cabinet-women-and-non-binary}}</ref>
* In February, it was announced that Nepal's 2021 census would have a third gender option.<ref name="Nepalcensus">{{Cite web |title=Nepal to count third gender in population census expanding social benefits to LGBTQ+community |last=Mohamedbhai |first=Tahira |work=Jurist.org |date=6 February 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |url= https://www.jurist.org/news/2020/02/nepal-to-count-third-gender-in-population-census-expanding-social-benefits-to-lgbtqcommunity/}}</ref>
* On February 25, Ro Khanna, a Democratic member of the USA House of Representatives, proposed the Gender Inclusive Passport Act, which would add an "X" option to USA passports.<ref name="Sanders">{{Cite web |title=Proposed Bill Would Add Gender-Neutral Option to U.S. Passports |last=Sanders |first=Wren |work=them. |date=25 February 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-option-us-passports}}</ref>
* Marvel Comics' series ''The New Warriors'' introduced a nonbinary superhero named "Snowflake", and received widespread backlash.<ref name="Villarreal">{{Cite web |title=Marvel criticized for first non-binary superhero named “Snowflake” |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |work=LGBTQ Nation |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2020/03/marvel-criticized-first-non-binary-superhero-named-snowflake/ }}</ref>
*In the USA, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed Senate Bill 246 on March 31, allowing for driver's license applicants to mark “male,” “female” or “non-binary” when designating their sex. The bill went into effect July 1.<ref name="VanSlooten">{{Cite web |title=Northam signs Va. non-binary driver’s license bill into law |last=Van Slooten |first=Philip |work=Washington Blade |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonblade.com/2020/04/07/northam-signs-va-non-binary-drivers-license-bill-into-law/}}</ref>
* In July, a nonbinary New Yorker sued the state in pursuit of an "X" [[gender marker]] on their driver's license. New York currently only allows "M" or "F" gender markers on licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New York state sued over driver’s licenses that limit gender to ‘M’ or ‘F’ |work=syracuse.com |date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |url= https://www.syracuse.com/state/2020/07/new-york-state-sued-over-drivers-licenses-that-limit-gender-to-m-or-f.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary NYU Law Student Sues To Get "X" Gender Option On NY Driver's Licenses |last=Cruz |first=David |work=Gothamist |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |url= https://gothamist.com/news/nonbinary-nyu-law-student-sues-get-x-gender-option-ny-drivers-licenses}}</ref>
* The 2020 USA Census made headlines for lack of a nonbinary gender option.<ref name="news_The2">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Is Underway, But Nonbinary And Gender-Nonconforming Respondents Feel Counted Out |last=Schmid |first=Eric |work=St. Louis Public Radio |date=March 17, 2020 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url= https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/2020-census-underway-nonbinary-and-gender-nonconforming-respondents-feel-counted-out#stream/0}}</ref><ref name="Brown">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Fails Nonbinary Folks, But It’s Important To Take Part Anyway |last=Brown |first=Jera |work=Rebellious Magazine |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://rebelliousmagazine.com/the-2020-census-fails-nonbinary-folks-but-its-important-to-take-part-anyway/}}</ref>
*In August 2020, the well-known videogame journalist and internet personality [[Jim Sterling]] came out as nonbinary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Sterling|first=Jim|title=I am non-binary pansexual gendertrash. I like all pronouns. I haven't been this comfortable with myself before. Ever''.''|user=jimsterling|number=1298199496652918784|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825123123/https://twitter.com/JimSterling/status/1298199496652918784|archive-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
* In the November 3rd elections, [[Mauree Turner]] was elected to the Oklahoma state legislature, making them the first out nonbinary person elected to any USA state legislature.<ref name="Smith">{{Cite web |title=Mauree Turner is the first nonbinary and first Muslim Oklahoma state lawmaker |last=Smith |first=Kelsie |work=CNN |date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=November 5, 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/05/politics/first-nonbinary-and-muslim-oklahoma-lawmaker/index.html}}</ref>
*In the US state of North Carolina, December 6 was formally recognized by the legislature as Gender Expansive Parents' Day.<ref name="news_Aday">{{Cite web |title=A day to celebrate all parents, including LGBTQ parents, in NC |last=Vaughan |first=Dawn Baumgartner |work=The News & Observer |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 January 2021 |url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article247605375.html}}</ref>
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====2021====
*Early in January, in Iceland, private businesses and government offices alike began to offer "male, female, nonbinary, [[other]], and the option to decline to answer" regarding gender registrations. This was the taking effect of a gender determination law that was passed in June 2019.<ref name="IcelandGrapevine">{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary Gender Registration Finally Opens In Iceland |last=Fontaine |first=Andie Sophia |work=The Reykjavik Grapevine |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=10 January 2021 |url=https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529052112/https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In April, Dictionary.com officially added the word "enby"<ref name="Kinlaw">{{Cite web |title=OPINION: 'Sourdough' finally gets its own entry in online dictionary |last=Kinlaw |first=Bernadette |work=Arkansas Online |date=19 April 2021 |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/apr/19/dictionary-has-added-new-words/?features-style }}</ref> with the definition "a person whose gender identity is nonbinary, not fitting into the male/female division (often used attributively)."<ref name="dictionary.com">{{Cite web |title=Definition of enby |author= |work=Dictionary.com |date= |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/enby}}</ref>
*In June, the American Medical Association (AMA) made a public statement recommending that the [[sex marker]] should be removed from the public-facing part of birth certificates. Willie Underwood III, MD said that "Assigning sex using binary variables in the public portion of the birth certificate fails to recognize the medical [[Gender spectrum|spectrum of gender identity]]."<ref name="Frellick">{{Cite web |title=Remove Sex From Public Birth Certificates, AMA Says |last=Frellick |first=Marcia |work=WebMD |date=16 June 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |url= https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20210616/remove-sex-from-public-birth-certificates-ama-says}}</ref>
* Also in June, the US Department of State announced that "The Department has begun moving towards adding a gender marker for non-binary, intersex, and gender non-conforming persons" for passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad (CRBA).<ref name="Blinken">{{Cite web |title=Proposing Changes to the Department's Policies on Gender on U.S. Passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad |last=Blinken |first=Antony J. |work=United States Department of State |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.state.gov/proposing-changes-to-the-departments-policies-on-gender-on-u-s-passports-and-consular-reports-of-birth-abroad/}}</ref> A government employee stated that the new gender marker would be available by the end of 2021.<ref name="Sanjana">{{Cite web |title=U.S. To Expand Passport Gender Markers For Nonbinary, Intersex Americans |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |work=HuffPost |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/us-passport-gender-markers-nonbinary-intersex-lgbtq_n_60dcd4f2e4b04973e5c1fea9}}</ref> In late October, an intersex and nonbinary person named [[Dana Zzyym]] was the first to receive one of these X-marked US passports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The U.S. issues the first passport with a nonbinary gender 'X' option |last=Hernandez |first=Joe |work=NPR.org |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 October 2021 |url= https://www.npr.org/2021/10/27/1049690803/state-department-first-passport-with-nonbinary-gender-x-option}}</ref>
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Further reading==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [[w:Timeline of transgender history| Wikipedia: Timeline of transgender history]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United Kingdom|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United Kingdom]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United States|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United States]]
* [[w:Timeline of intersex history|Wikipedia: Timeline of intersex history]]
* [[w:Intersex in history|Wikipedia: Intersex in history]]
</div>

==Referências==
<references/>

[[Category:Visibility]]
[[de:geschichte]]

History of nonbinary gender/en

2026-06-09T01:31:42Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Content warning|some troubling events that could be traumatic for some readers. Some historical quotes use language that is now seen as offensive}}
This article on the '''history of nonbinary gender''' should focus on events directly or indirectly concerning people with [[nonbinary]] [[gender identity|gender identities]]. It should not be about [[LGBT]] history in general. However, this history will likely need to give dates for a few events about things other than nonbinary gender, such as major events that increased visibility of [[transgender]] people in general, [[gender variant]] people from early history who may or may not have been what we think of as nonbinary, and laws that concern [[intersex]] people that can also have an effect on the legal rights of nonbinary people.

==Tips==

Here are some tips for writing respectfully about historical gender variant people whose actual preferred names, pronouns, and gender identities might not be known.

* '''Dead names.''' It is disrespectful to call a transgender person by their former name ("dead name") rather than the name that they chose for themself. Some consider their dead name a secret that shouldn't be put in public at all. For living transgender people in particular, this history should show only their chosen names, not their dead names. In this history, some deceased historical transgender persons may have their birth names shown in addition to their chosen names, in cases where it is not known which name they preferred, or where it is otherwise impossible to find information about that person, if one wants to research their history. This should be written in the form of "Chosen Name (née Birth Name)." If history isn't sure which name that person earnestly preferred, write it in the form of "Name, or Other Name."

* '''Pronouns.''' It is disrespectful to call a person by pronouns other than those that they ask for. Some historical persons whose preferred pronouns aren't known should be called here by [[Pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns]]. If this isn't possible, [[Pronouns#They|they]] pronouns.

* '''Words for a person's gender, assigned and otherwise.''' It is disrespectful to label a person's gender otherwise than they ask for, but it's not always possible to do so. In the case of some historical people, history has recorded how they lived, and what [[gender assigned at birth|gender they were assigned at birth]], but not how they preferred to label their gender identity. For example, it's not known whether certain historical people who were assigned female at birth ([[AFAB]]) lived as men because they identified as men (were [[transgender men]]), or because it was the only way to have a career in that time and place (and were gender non-conforming [[cisgender women]]). This should be mentioned in the more respectful form of, for example, "assigned male at birth ([[AMAB]]), lived as a woman," rather than "really a man, passed as a woman." For another example, writing "a military doctor discovered Smith was AFAB" is more respectful than saying "a military doctor discovered Smith was really a woman." For people who lived before the word "transgender" was created, it may be more suitable to call them "gender variant" rather than "transgender." On the other hand, if we have enough information about such a person, we may do best by such people by describing them with the terminology that they most likely would have used for their gender identity if they lived in the present day, with our language.

==Wanted events in this time-line==

Please help fill out this time-line if you can add information of these kinds:
* Events in the movement for keeping the genders of babies undisclosed.
* Events concerning [[nonbinary celebrities]], and historical persons who clearly stated they were neither female nor male, or both, or androgynes, etc.
* Skim nonbinary blogs looking for past and current historical events.
* Events that show that transgender and especially nonbinary gender identities existed long before the twentieth century.
* Changes in the use of gendered versus gender-neutral language.

==Antiquity==
* In Mesopotamian mythology, among the earliest written records of humanity, there are references to types of people who are neither male nor female. Sumerian and Akkadian tablets from the 2nd millennium BCE and 1700 BCE describe how the gods created these people, their roles in society, and words for different kinds of them. These included eunuchs, women who couldn't or weren't allowed to have children, men who live as women, intersex people, gay people, and others.<ref>Murray, Stephen O., and Roscoe, Will (1997). ''Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature.'' New York: New York University Press.</ref><ref>Nissinen, Martti (1998). ''Homoeroticism in the Biblical World'', Translated by Kirsi Stjedna. Fortress Press (November 1998) p. 30. ISBN|0-8006-2985-X<br>See also: Maul, S. M. (1992). ''Kurgarrû und assinnu und ihr Stand in der babylonischen Gesellschaft.'' Pp. 159–71 in Aussenseiter und Randgruppen. Konstanze Althistorische Vorträge und Forschungern 32. Edited by V. Haas. Konstanz: Universitätsverlag.</ref><ref>Leick, Gwendolyn (1994). ''Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature''. Routledge. New York.</ref>
[[File:Sekhet hieroglyphs.jpg|thumb|The word "sekhet" in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.<ref name="Brustman">Mark Brustman. "The Third Gender in Ancient Egypt." ''"Born Eunuchs" Home Page and Library.'' 1999. https://people.well.com/user/aquarius/egypt.htm</ref>]]
* {{#if:1|{{#section:Gender variance in spirituality|SekhetDefinition}}}}

* Many cultures and ethnic groups have concepts of [[gender-variant identities worldwide|traditional gender-variant roles]], with a history of them going back to antiquity. These gender identities and roles are often analogous to nonbinary identity, as they don't fit into the Western idea of the [[gender binary]] roles. The [[Hijra]] of South Asian countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh date back to 400 BCE or 300 CE, where they were mentioned in the ''Kama Sutra.'' The Hijra are feminine eunuchs who consider themselves neither male nor female. The Scythians, who were Eurasian nomadic horseriders, were well-known to other civilizations for honoring gender-variant people as priests and warriors. The Scythians invented the world's earliest known hormone therapy as far back as the 7th century BCE, using licorice root as an antiandrogen,<ref name="enarees kaldera">Raven Kaldera. "Ergi: The Way of the Third." ''Northern-Tradition Shamanism.'' https://web.archive.org/web/20130501152328/http://www.northernshamanism.org/shamanic-techniques/gender-sexuality/ergi-the-way-of-the-third.html</ref> and mare's urine as an oestrogen, much as is used in the modern oestrogen medication, Premarin.<ref name="enarees savage 74">Helen Savage. (2006) "Changing sex? : transsexuality and Christian theology." Doctoral thesis, Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3364/</ref> Hundreds of pre-colonial Native American cultures recognized various kinds of gender roles (today called by the umbrella term [[Two-Spirit]]) who did not fit into the Western gender binary. The [[māhū]] of Hawaii and Tahiti were also pre-colonial genders outside male and female. As far back as six centuries ago, the Bugis people of Indonesia have recognized five genders, one of which, called [[Bissu]], is a combination of all the genders, even if they are not physically intersex.<ref name=ABC>{{cite news|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation News|first=Farid M|last=Ibrahim|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|accessdate=27 February 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227045350/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|archive-date=27 February 2019|title=Homophobia and rising Islamic intolerance push Indonesia's intersex bissu priests to the brink|date=27 February 2019}}</ref> As far back as the 1st century CE, classical Judaism has recognized six genders/sexes, with distinct prohibitions for each.<ref>Robbie Medwed. "More Than Just Male and Female: The Six Genders in Classical Judaism." ''Sojourn'' (blog). June 01, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714011440/http://www.sojourngsd.org/blog/sixgenders</ref>

==Eleventh century==

* The Anglo-Saxon word ''wæpen-wifestre'', or ''wæpned-wifestre'' (Anglo-Saxon, ''wæpen'' "sword," "penis," "male" (or ''wæpned'' "weaponed," "with a penis," "male") + ''wif'' woman, + ''estre'' feminine suffix, thus "woman with a weapon," "woman with a penis," or "man woman") was defined in an eleventh-century glossary (Antwerp Plantin-Moretus 32) as meaning "hermaphrodite." The counterpart of this word, ''wæpned-mann,'' simply meant "a person armed with a sword" or "male person."<ref>Dana Oswald, ''Monsters, Gender and Sexuality in Medieval English Literature.'' Rochester, NY: D.S. Brewer, 2010. p. 93.</ref><ref name="ClarkMedieval">David Clark. ''Between medieval men: Male friendship and desire in early medieval English literature.'' Oxford University Press, 2009. P. 63-65.</ref> ''Wæpen-wifestre'' is known to be a synonym for "scrat" (intersex).<ref>''Catholicon Anglicum: An English-Latin Word-book, dated 1483, volume 30.'' Accessed via Google Books: https://books.google.com/books?id=I7wKAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&pg=PA325#v=onepage&q=%22W%C3%A6pen-wifestre%22&f=false</ref> Another synonym given for ''wæpen-wifestre'' is ''bæddel,'' an which also means intersex, but also feminine men, from which the word "bad" is thought to be derived, due to its use as a slur.<ref>"bad (adj.)" ''Online Etymology Dictionary.'' https://www.etymonline.com/word/bad</ref> The related word ''bæddling'' was used in eleventh-century laws for men who had sex with men in a receptive role.<ref name="ClarkMedieval" /> Additional meanings of ''wæpen-wifestre'' are possible. When ''wæpen-wifestre'' is read as "woman with a penis," it could describe a feminine man, a man who has sex with men, or a transgender woman. When read as "woman with a sword," it could refer to a warrior woman. When read as "man woman," it could mean not only an intersex person, but also people who transgressed the gender binary that seems to have been the rule in Anglo-Saxon England, as far as is known from limited literature from that era. From this range of meanings that the word potentially covers, it's possible that ''wæpen-wifestre'' may have been a general category for intersex, queer, and gender-variant people in Britain, during the time that was contemporary to Beowulf.

==Seventeenth century==

* A blog post by the Merriam Webster dictionary editors says, "In the 17th century, English laws concerning inheritance sometimes referred to people who didn’t fit a gender binary using the pronoun ''it'', which, while dehumanizing, was conceived of as being the most grammatically fit answer to gendered pronouns around then."<ref>“Words We’re Watching: Singular 'They:' Though singular 'they' is old, 'they' as a nonbinary pronoun is new—and useful.” ''Merriam Webster.'' https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they Captured November 2017.</ref> This is an example of people being considered legally outside of male and female. ''Editors at this wiki would appreciate more information and sources about the laws in question, their dates, and what categories of people they referred to. (Unborn children? Intersex people? People who didn't conform to gender norms?)''

* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas(ine)_Hall Thomas Hall, who apparently had an equal preference for the birth-name Thomasine] (c.1603 – after 1629), was an English servant in colonial Virginia. Hall was raised as a girl, and then presented as a man in order to enter the military.<ref>Norton, Mary Beth, "Communal Definitions of Gendered Identity in Colonial America", Ronald Hoffman, Mechal Sobel, Fredrika J. Teute (eds) ''Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1997), pp. 40ff. </ref> After leaving the military, Hall freely alternated between feminine and masculine attire from one day to the next, until Hall was accused of having sex with both men and women. Whether someone was legally a man or a woman would result in different punishments for that. Several physical examinations disagreed on the details of Hall's sex, and concluded that Hall had been born [[intersex]]. Previously, common law required that if a court concluded that someone was intersex, this would result in an injunction that they must live the rest of their life as strictly either male or female, whichever their anatomy resembled the most closely. In this case, the court ruled that "hee is a man and a woeman," and gave the injunction that Hall must from then on wear both masculine and feminine clothing at the same time: "goe clothed in man's apparell, only his head to bee attired in a coyfe and croscloth with an apron before him"<ref>Floyd, Don (2010). ''The Captain and Thomasine''. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Enterprises. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-557-37676-6.</ref><ref>Reis, Elizabeth (September 2005). "Impossible Hermaphrodites: Intersex in America, 1620–1960". ''The Journal of American History'': 411–441.</ref> Intersex is not the same thing as nonbinary, and so an intersex person can identify as a man, woman, or some other gender. Hall was apparently an intersex person who did not identify strictly as a man or woman, preferred a [[genderfluid|fluid]] [[gender expression]], and was then given a legal sex that was both.

==Eighteenth century==
[[File:Public Universal Friend portrait.jpg|thumb|A portrait of the Public Universal Friend, from the Friend's biography written by David Hudson in 1821.]]
* "[[Singular they]]" had already been the standard [[English neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronoun in English]] for hundreds of years. However, in 1745, prescriptive grammarians began to say that it was no longer acceptable. Their reasoning was that neutral pronouns don't exist in Latin, which was thought to be a better language, so English shouldn't use them, either. They instead began to recommend using "[[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]" as a gender-neutral pronoun.<ref>Maria Bustillos, "Our desperate, 250-year-long search for a gender-neutral pronoun." January 6, 2011. [http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun http://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun]</ref> This started the dispute over the problem of acceptable gender-neutral pronouns in English, which has carried on for centuries now.

* [[Māhū]] ("in the middle") in Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures are [[third gender]] persons with traditional spiritual and social roles within the culture. The māhū gender category existed in their cultures during pre-contact times, and still exists today.<ref>Kaua'i Iki, quoted by Andrew Matzner in 'Transgender, queens, mahu, whatever': An Oral History from Hawai'i. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context Issue 6, August 2001</ref> In the pre-colonial history of Hawai'i, māhū were notable priests and healers, although much of this history was elided through the intervention of missionaries. The first written Western description of māhū occurs in 1789, in Captain William Bligh's logbook of the Bounty, which stopped in Tahiti where he was introduced to a member of a "class of people very common in Otaheitie called Mahoo... who although I was certain was a man, had great marks of effeminacy about him."<ref>William Bligh. Bounty Logbook. Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref>

* The [[Public Universal Friend]] (1752 - 1819) was a genderless evangelist who traveled throughout the eastern United States to preach a theology based on that of the Quakers, which was actively against slavery. The Friend believed that God had reanimated them from a severe illness at age 24 with a new spirit, which was genderless. The Friend refused to be called by the birth name,<ref name="Moyer-12 Winiarski-430 Juster-MacFarlane-27-28">Moyer, p. 12; Winiarski, p. 430; and Susan Juster, Lisa MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism: Race, Gender, and the Creation of American Protestantism'' (1996), p. 27, and p. 28.</ref> even on legal documents,<ref name="Brekus-85">Catherine A. Brekus, ''Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845'' (2000), p. 85</ref> and insisted on being called by no pronouns. Followers respected these wishes, avoiding gender-specific pronouns even in private diaries, and referring only to "the Public Universal Friend" or short forms such as "the Friend" or "P.U.F."<ref name="Juster-MacFarlane-27-28 Brekus-85 etc">Juster & MacFarlane, ''A Mighty Baptism'', pp. 27-28; Brekus, p. 85</ref> The Friend wore clothing that contemporaries described as androgynous, which were usually black robes. The Friend's followers came to be known as the Society of Universal Friends, and included people who were black, and many unmarried women who took on masculine roles in their communities.<ref name="Lamphier-Welch-331">Peg A. Lamphier, Rosanne Welch, ''Women in American History'' (2017), p. 331.</ref>

* [[Jens Andersson]] was a nonbinary person in Norway, who married a woman in 1781. It was soon discovered that Andersson had a female body, and the marriage was annulled, while Andersson was accused of sodomy. In the trial, Andersson was asked: "Are you a man or a woman?" It was recorded that the answer was that "he thinks he may be both".[https://skeivtarkiv.no/skeivopedia/et-besynderligt-givtermaal-mellem-tvende-fruentimmer]

* [[Romaine-la-Prophétesse]] was a leader of a slave uprising in 1791-92, early in the Haitian Revolution, that for a time governed much of southern Haiti, including two major cities. Romaine identified as a prophetess, dressed like a woman, and spoke of being possessed by a female spirit, but also reportedly identified as a godson of the Virgin Mary and used masculine pronouns in self-references in dictated letters; Romaine has therefore been interpreted by modern scholars as perhaps [[genderfluid]]<ref name="R52">Terry Rey, ''The Priest and the Prophetess'' (2017), pp. 52-53</ref> or [[transgender]],<ref name="R52"/><ref name="Albanese">Mary Grace Albanese, "Unraveling the Blood Line: Pauline Hopkins's Haitian Genealogies", in ''J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists'', volume 7, number 2, Fall 2019, p. 234</ref> or might have been [[bigender]].

==Nineteenth century==
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|We'Wha, a Zuni Two-Spirit (''Lhamana'') person who lived 1849-1896.]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27wha We'wha] (1849–1896) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, and the most famous ''lhamana'' on record. In traditional Zuni culture, the ''lhamana'' take on roles and duties associated with both men and women, and they wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing. They work as mediators. As a notable fiber artist, weaver, and potter, We'wha was a prominent cultural ambassador for Native Americans in general, and the Zuni in particular. In 1886, We'wha was part of the Zuni delegation to Washington D.C.. They were hosted by anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson and, during that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland. Friends and relatives alternated masculine and feminine pronouns for We'Wha. We'wha was described as being highly intelligent, having a strong character, and always being kind to children.<ref name=Stevenson37>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p. 37</ref><ref name=Bost139>Suzanne Bost, Mulattas and Mestizas: Representing Mixed Identities in the Americas, 1850-2000, (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2003, pg.139</ref>
[[File:Mapah (Grandville).jpg|thumb|150px|A contemporary caricature of the Mapah, preaching in front of a relief with masculine signifiers on the left (pipe, sword), and feminine on the right (corset, distaff).]]
* [[Simon Ganneau]] (1806 - 1851) was a sculptor and Parisian prophet. He wore a combination of feminine and masculine signifiers: a beard, a working man's blouse, and a woman's mantle. He called himself by the title "the Mapah," which was a combination of the words ''mater'' (mother) and ''pater'' (father). He created a mystical religion he called Evadaisme, meaning "Eve-Adam-ism." This taught that the next phase of human development would be androgyny, coming from the femininity of Mary-Eve marrying the masculinity of Christ-Adam. Evadaisme condemned sexist traditions, such as taking the surname of one's father and not one's mother. Though the Mapah was poor, he was well-educated, and spoke eloquently. He preached to working-class men and sex workers.<ref>Shawn P. Wilbur. "Notes on Simon Ganneau (the Mapah) and Evadaisme." July 14, 2019. https://www.libertarian-labyrinth.org/utopian-and-scientific/notes-on-simon-ganneau-the-mapah-and-evadisme/</ref><ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Androgyne_Evadam_(Mapah,_1838).jpg</ref> The Mapah taught Éliphas Lévi (1810 – 1875), inspiring the latter to become interested in the occult. Lévi then become the best-known occultist of the nineteenth century. Through Lévi, the occult practice of Western ceremonial magic owes much of its origins to the Mapah.<ref>https://www.grupopensamento.com.br/produto/dogma-e-ritual-da-alta-magia-nova-edicao-5550</ref><ref>Christopher McIntosh, ''Éliphas Lévi and the French Occult Revival'', 1972.</ref>
{{clear}}
=== 1870s ===
[[File:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (from Kennedy).jpg|thumb|150px|Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895), who described "a neutral sex" that was not physically intersex.]]
* Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895) developed a theory in which men who are attracted to men and women who are attracted to women are thus because they are members of a third sex, a mixture of both male and female, and with the psyche or essence of the "opposite" sex, even though their bodies look like cis-gender male and female bodies. The terms "homosexual," "bisexual," and "heterosexual" didn't exist yet, so he coined terms for them all. The overall phenomenon he called [[Uranismus]] (in the original German, ''Urningtum''), gay men were uranians (German ''urnings''), lesbians were uraniads (German ''urningin'', as ''-in'' is the feminine suffix), whereas heterosexuals were ''Dionings'', so bisexual men were ''uranodionings,'' and so on, all of which were distinct from ''zwitter'' (intersex). Ulrichs based this naming system on "Plato's ''Symposium'', where two different kinds of love [...are] ruled by two different goddesses of love-- Aphrodite, daughter of Uranus, and Aphrodite, daughter of Zeus and Dione. The second Aphrodite rules those who love the opposite sex." <ref>''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 61. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref> Ulrichs argued that their condition was as natural and healthy as that of what we now call heterosexual people, and he started the movement fighting for their equal legal rights to express their love "between consenting adults, with the free consent of both parties," in his words from 1870, and that they should not be pathologized nor criminalized for doing so.<ref name="UlrichsAraxes">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Araxes: Appeal for the liberation of the urning's nature from penal law." 1870. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 63-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref>. Although Uranismus was generally addressed in terms of orientation, Ulrichs specifically described various categories of uranians in terms of their gender nonconformity and gender variance. For example, in regard to feminine gay men or queens (who he called ''Weiblings''), Ulrichs wrote in 1879, <blockquote>"The Weibling is a total mixture of male and female, in which the female element is even predominant, a thoroughly hermaphroditically organized being. Despite his male sexual organs, he is more woman than man. He is a woman with male sexual organs. He is a neutral sex. He is a [[neuter]]. He is the hermaphrodite of the ancients."<ref name="UlrichsArrow">Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Critical arrow." 1879. Excerpt reprinted in: ''We are everywhere: A historical sourcebook of gay and lesbian politics.'' P. 64-65. https://books.google.com/books?id=rDG3xdtDutkC&lpg=PA64&dq=urning&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q=urning&f=false</ref></blockquote>

: Ulrichs goes on to say the direct counterpart of the Weibling among those were were assigned female at birth is "the masculine-inspired, woman-loving Mannlingin," who is equally gender-variant.<ref name="UlrichsArrow" /> Ulrichs emphasizes that Uranismus includes gender-variant people, distinct from those who conform from their gender, and also distinct from people born with physical intersex characteristics. As such, Uranismus included people who might today identify as nonbinary.
{{Clear}}
=== 1880s ===

* The earliest known true [[transsexual]] genital conversion [[surgery]] of any kind was performed in 1882 on a [[Binary genders#Transgender men|trans man]] named Herman Karl.<ref>James Sears, ''Gay, Lesbian and Transgender Issues in Education.'' p. 109. [http://books.google.com/books?id=w7365W7rQKQC&lpg=PA109&ots=gSa98lwR0v&dq=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&pg=PA109#v=onepage&q=sophia%20hedwig%20transgender%20herman%20karl&f=false Google Books link]</ref> However, "earliest transsexual genital conversion surgery" depends on one's definition. [[Eunuch]]s have been around for all of human history, and while many eunuchs consider themselves [[Binary genders#Cisgender men|cisgender men]], many others consider themselves another gender that isn't female or male, such as [[hijra]]. Some sources credit the first trans male genital conversion surgery as, instead, the one performed on a trans man named Michael Dillon in the 1930s, perhaps depending on how one defines that surgery.

=== 1890s ===

[[File:Autobiography of an Androgyne - The Author—A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Jennie June]] in her autobiography, posing as "A Modern Living Replica of the Ancient Greek Statue of Hermaphroditos." 1918.]]

* Based on Ulrich's work in the 1870s, which were the foundation of Western notions of LGBT people for the next several decades, clinical beliefs around the time of the 1890s "conflat[ed] sex, sexual orientation, and gender expression," thinking of (to use modern words for them) gay, lesbian, transgender, and gender non-conforming people as all having some kind of intersex condition. Such people were said to have "sexual inversion," and were called "inverts."<ref>"What's the history behind the intersex rights movement?" ''Intersex Society of North America.'' http://www.isna.org/faq/history </ref>. Another name used for the same category through the 1890s and 1910s was "the intermediate sex," or the "intermediates," which was not physically intersex, and was understood to be often (though not always) gender nonconforming.<ref>Edward Carpenter. "The intermediate sex." ''Love's Coming-of-Age.'' 1906. Accessed via the archive in ''Sacred Texts'' at http://www.sacred-texts.com/lgbt/lca/lca09.htm</ref>

* During the 1890s, Paresis Hall in New York City was a place with an active nightlife of LGBT people. In 1895, the autobiographer [[Jennie June]] formed an organization called the Cercle Hermaphroditos, along with other [[androgyne]]s like June's self who frequented Paresis Hall. The purpose of the group was to "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution," and to show that it was natural to be an invert (an LGBT person).<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> This is one of the earliest known organizations in the US for LGBT rights.<ref>Gross, Tasha. "LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery". ''LGBTQ History: Cooper Square and Bowery''. N.p., December 4, 2014. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> <ref name="OutHistory intro">Out History. "Introduction." ''Earl Lind (Raph Werther - Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921.'' October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621082140/https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earl-lind/intro/intro</ref><ref name="Stryker2007">{{Cite web |title=Why the T in LGBT is here to stay |last=Stryker |first=Susan |work=Salon |date=11 October 2007 |access-date=4 July 2020 |url= https://www.salon.com/control/2007/10/11/transgender_2/}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Twentieth century==

* In 1905, a 61-year-old person named Randolph Milbourne was arrested for publicly wearing women's clothing. Later, Milbourne stated that "While physically I am a man, yet spiritually and intellectually I am neither a man nor a woman".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Spokane Press|date=May 15, 1905 |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88085947/1905-05-15/ed-1/seq-3/|title=Ohio Man Wears Woman's Garb In Spite Of Courts}}</ref>

[[File:1933-may-10-berlin-book-burning.JPG|thumb|In 1933, Nazis in Berlin burned works by leftists and other authors considered "un-German", including thousands of books looted from the library of Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research.]]
* During the 1910s, German sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld created the word "transvestite," which at the time meant many more kinds of transgender and even transsexual people. Hirschfeld opened the first clinic to regularly serve them.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research had a library of literature about LGBT people, collected from all over Europe, that couldn't be found anywhere else. This started to bring about a revolution in how society understood and accepted LGBT people, and allowing [[children]] to be [[gender nonconformity|gender nonconforming]]. Then, in 1933, the Nazis destroyed it all. This set back LGBT rights for another 40 or so years. The progress wasn't matched again until at least 1990.

* [[Jennie June]] (aforementioned in the 1890s) wrote a trilogy of autobiographies focusing on inversion: ''The Autobiography of an Androgyne'' (published 1918), ''The Female-Impersonators'' (published 1922), and ''The Riddle of the Underworld'' (written 1921, lost, and rediscovered in 2010).<ref name="OutHistory sell">Randall Sell. "Randall Sell: Encountering Earl Lind, Ralph Werther, Jennie June." ''Earl Lind (Raph Werther - Jennie June): The Riddle of the Underworld, 1921.'' Out History. October 11, 2010. Retrieved July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621082140/https://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/earl-lind/intro/intro</ref> June's goal in writing these books was to help create an accepting environment for young adults who do not adhere to gender and sexual norms, to prevent youth from committing suicide.<ref name="Meyerowitz 2010">Meyerowitz, J. "Thinking Sex With An Androgyne". ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'' 17.1 (2010): 97–105. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref>
{{Clear}}
===1940s===

[[File:Claude Cahun.jpg|thumb|Claude Cahun.]]

* During WWII, the Jewish surrealist artist [[Notable nonbinary people#Claude Cahun|Claude Cahun]] (who described their gender as "neutral")<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disavowals : or cancelled confessions|first=Claude|last=Cahun|date=2008|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=9780262533034|oclc=922878515}}</ref> with their life-partner Marcel Moore (also a Jewish artist who chose a neutral name) engaged in resistance work and activism against the Nazis during the German occupation of France. In 1944, Cahun and Moore were arrested by the Nazis and sentenced to death, but the sentence was never carried out as the island was liberated from German occupation in 1945.<ref name=":1" >{{Cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Corinne|date=2005|title=Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification|url=|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=13|pages=37–50|via=Project MUSE}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

===1960s===

* Although the earliest known ''recorded'' mention of the gender-neutral title [[Mx]] was in a magazine article in 1977,<ref>Practical Androgyny (PractiAndrogyny). May 4, 2015. [https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801 https://twitter.com/PractiAndrogyny/status/595329679789260801]</ref><ref>''The Single Parent'', vol 20. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IgwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=editions%3ALCCNsc83001271&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mx]</ref> anecdotes say it was in use as far back as 1965.<ref>Cassian Lotte Lodge (cassolotl). "Mx has been around since the 1960s." November 26, 2014. Blog post. [http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405 http://cassolotl.tumblr.com/post/103645470405]</ref><ref>octopus8. November 18, 2014. Comment on news article. [http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815 http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2014/nov/17/rbs-bank-that-likes-to-say-mx#comment-43834815]</ref>

===1970s===

[[File:D.J._Beck.PNG|thumb|280px|D.J. Beck, who described themself as neither male nor female in a 1978 interview published in ''Philadelphia Gay News''.]]

* During the 1970s and 1980s, feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift were significant influences on encouraging people to take up [[gender neutral language|gender inclusive language]], as an alternative to sexist language that excludes or dehumanizes women. Some of their books on this are ''Words and Women'' (1976) and ''The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing'' (1980). They also encoraged the use of gender neutral pronouns.<ref>Elizabeth Isele, "Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women who dared to disturb the lexicon." http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html </ref> Though their work doesn't directly acknowledge the existence of people outside the gender binary, it did help break down societal views of masculine-as-default, and even the extent of the gender binary in language.

* Up until the 1970s, LGBT people of all kinds largely had a sense of being on the same side together. A major rift started in 1979, when [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender woman]] Janice Raymond wrote the book ''Transsexual Empire,'' which outlined her transphobic conspiracy theory which told cisgender women to fear trans women. This started the [[cissexism|trans-exclusionary movement]]. As a result, many [[feminism|feminist]], lesbian, and women-only spaces became hostile to trans women. This dividing issue made it difficult for feminism to develop an understanding of transgender issues in general. In response, the movement of transgender studies began with an essay by trans woman Sandy Stone in 1987.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref> Today, the term TERF (Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminist) means supposed feminists who discriminate against [[woman#transgender women|trans women]].

* A 1978 issue of ''Philadelphia Gay News'' contains an interview with someone who started a [[transfeminine]] [[transition]], lived as a woman for a year and a a half, then ceased taking feminizing hormones. The person, going by the name [[D.J. Beck]] at the time, states in the interview that "[Our culture feels] that one must be male or one must be female. Our society demands that you cannot be both, you cannot be in between, you cannot be flexible." and "As much as I felt uncomfortable as a male, I felt unnatural as a female." The interview concludes with Beck saying, "I learned that I'm something that we haven't put a label on yet. I'm something that I think a lot of men and women will someday be able to accept and admit they are: people of a personal psyche that doesn't have to be male or female. [...] The time is coming when we will quit thinking in terms of he or she, and live in the shades of gray." <ref>{{cite journal|date=October 15, 1978|title=Turning back from a one-way journey|journal=Philadelphia Gay News|last=Cwiek|first=Tim|pages=7, 10, 16 |url=https://voices.revealdigital.org/?a=d&d=JDJAJHJJF19781015.1.10&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1}}</ref> If Beck was alive today, they may have identified under the nonbinary/genderqueer umbrella.

===1980s===

* In the 1980s, the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-III, included "Gender Identity Disorder" to diagnose people as transsexual.<ref>Trans Health editors, “Timeline of gender identity research.” 2002-04-23. http://www.trans-health.com/2002/timeline-of-gender-identity-research </ref> It frames being trans as a strictly pathological mental condition. Getting this diagnosis becomes a necessary step for many trans people to transition. Psychologists during this time believed that a legitimately trans person needed to conform very closely to the [[gender binary]], and even needed to be heterosexual. The psychologists focused on trans women, and isolated them from one another, so they had little community. Meanwhile, trans men got less help from that system, and so they largely left it and formed their own communities.<ref>fakecisgirl, "The Misery Pimps: The People Who Impede Trans Liberation." October 7, 2013. ''Fake Cis Girl'' (personal blog). [https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/ https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/]</ref>

* In the 1980s and 1990s, Michael Spivak used a set of [[English neutral pronouns#E|gender-neutral "E, Emself" pronouns]] in his math books, in order to avoid indicating a person's gender. The same or similar pronoun had been coined independently by others in prior years. Due to how Spivak popularized these particular pronouns, these soon became known as "spivak pronouns" when they were built into a place where people talked together on the Internet.<ref>"Gender-neutral pronoun FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>

===1990s===

* In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference chose [[Two-Spirit]] as a better English umbrella term for some gender identities unique to Native American cultures, many of which can be considered as outside of the Western gender binary.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref>
* The 1990 Bisexual Manifesto published in bi zine "Anything That Moves" shows explicit support of nonbinary gender by stating "Do not assume that [[bisexuality]] is binary or duogamous in nature: that we have 'two' sides or that we must be involved simultaneously with both genders to be fulfilled human beings. In fact, don’t assume that there are only two genders."<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Anything That Moves Bisexual Manifesto |author= |work=BiNet USA's Blog |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=15 May 2020 |url=https://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519201628/http://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The term "[[Gender Queer]]" was defined in a 1990 book titled ''The Welcoming Congregation Handbook'' as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>; it can be surmised that the term "gender queer" was likely in use even before this publication recorded it.

* In 1994, [[Kate Bornstein]], who currently identifies as nonbinary,<ref>https://www.slantmagazine.com/house/article/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men</ref> published the book ''Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women, and the Rest of Us,'' about her experience as a transgender person identifying outside of the gender binary.

* In 1995, a [[neutrois]] person named [[H. A. Burnham]] created the word "neutrois," a name for a nonbinary gender identity.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref>

* In 1998, an article from a transgender community on the Internet, ''[[Sphere]]'', used the words "queergendered" and "polygendered" interchangeably as umbrella terms for everyone whose gender was outside the gender binary, specifying that these included people who were "[[bigender|bi-gendered]], [[agender|non-gendered]], or [[third gender|third-gendered]]," explaining that some faced difficulty in seeking a gender-ambiguous physical transition.<ref>Danica Nuccitelli. "Polygender FAQ." ''Sphere.'' May 26, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005048/http://gender-sphere.0catch.com/polygenderfaq.htm</ref>

* In the late 1990s, people in Japan who identified as neither male nor female began calling themselves [[X-gender]].
{{Clear}}

==Twenty-first century==
[[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.]]
===2000s===

* [[Intersex]] Australian Alex MacFarlane believed to be the first person in Australia to obtain a birth certificate recording sex as indeterminate, and the first Australian passport with an "X" sex marker. Australia began to let people mark their gender as "X" on their birth certificates and passports.<ref>{{cite web|last=Butler|first=Julie|title=X marks the spot for intersex Alex|archive-date=11 November 2013|work=The West Australian |date=11 January 2003 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6L2hqf44G?url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf |url=http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Holme|first=Ingrid|year=2008 |title= Hearing People's Own Stories|journal=Science as Culture|volume=17|issue=3|pages=341–344| doi=10.1080/09505430802280784| url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430802280784}}</ref>

* In 2009, India began to allow voters outside the gender binary to "register their gender as '[[other]]' on ballots submitted to the Election Commission."<ref name="AdvocateIndia">{{cite web|author=Sunnivie Brydum|title=Indian Supreme Court Recognizes Third Gender.|date=April 15, 2014|work=The Advocate| url= https://www.advocate.com/world/2014/04/15/indian-supreme-court-recognizes-third-gender}}</ref>

===2010s===

====2010====

*In August, a user on the Asexual Visibility and Education Network forums took the "demi-" from "demiromantic" and came up with the term "demiguy".<ref>https://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/52633-transwhatevers-of-aven/page/20/?tab=comments#comment-1615634</ref> This concept would eventually catch on and broaden into an array of [[demigender]] labels.
*In December, the US state of Arkansas enacted a policy allowing gender on drivers' licenses and state ID cards to be changed to M, F, or X with "no questions asked, no documentation required". However, this policy received very little attention until 2018.<ref name="Qong">{{Cite web |title=Arkansas Has Been Offering A Nonbinary Gender Option On State IDs For Years |last=Wong |first=Curtis M. |work=HuffPost |date=October 17, 2018 |access-date=June 1, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/arkansas-gender-neutral-state-id-option_n_5bc79f75e4b0d38b5874a669}}</ref>

====2011====

* In 2011, Bangladesh started to allow passports to show a gender called "other".<ref name="Macarow2015">{{Cite web |title=These Eleven Countries are Way Ahead of the US on Trans Issues |last=Macarow |first=Aron |work=ATTN: |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url=https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084016/https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Hopper2012">{{Cite web |title=Genderless passports 'under review' in Canada |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |work=National Post |date=8 May 2012 |access-date=26 April 2021 |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada}}</ref>

====2012====
[[File:Anjali gopalan.jpg|thumb|Asia's first gender queer pride parade in Madurai, 2012.]]
*On 14th July, the first annual [[International Nonbinary Day]], created by [[Katje van Loon]], was celebrated.
{{Clear}}

====2013====

* A newer version of the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-5, replaces the "gender identity disorder" diagnosis with "[[gender dysphoria]]," to lessen the pathologization of transgender people.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref>
* In September 2013, a nonbinary tumblr user by the handle "revolutionator" coins the term "enby" as a short for "nonbinary person" or "NB".<ref name="enby">{{Cite web |title=Queer Etymology: Enby |author= |work=Androgyne of the Archeart |date=16 December 2019 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url=https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084020/https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On November 4, 2013 in the US, 18-year-old Sasha Fleischman was assaulted for wearing gender nonconforming clothing. Sasha identifies as [[genderqueer]] and [[agender]], and goes by "they" pronouns. When they had fallen asleep on a public bus, a stranger lit Sasha's skirt on fire. Sasha survived, suffering second and third degree burns. In the following weeks, allies showed support by marching along that bus route, tying rainbow ribbons to poles, and writing letters. Several schools sponsored skirt-wearing days. The assailant was sentenced to seven years in juvenile detention.<ref>Dashka Slater, "The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland." ''The New York Times Magazine.'' February 1, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html</ref> The nonfiction book ''The 57 Bus'' explores the incident in detail.<ref>Slater, Dashka (October 17, 2017). ''The 57 Bus''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN 9780374303235.</ref>

====2014====
[[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.]]
* The Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of rights and legal recognition of "Indians who identify as neither male nor female, or those who identify as transgender women, known as hijra."<ref name="AdvocateIndia" />
* The social networking site [[Gender and social media sites|Facebook]] began to let users to choose from 50 gender options.
* The transgender community on the social networking site Tumblr created hundreds of [[nounself pronouns]].
* More than 47,000 people sign a Whitehouse.gov petition asking for USA federal [[Recognition (USA)|recognition]] of nonbinary genders.<ref name="petition2014">{{Cite web |title=More Than 47,000 Petition White House to Recognize Nonbinary Genders |last=Molloy |first=Parker Marie |work=The Advocate |date=20 March 2014 |access-date=10 March 2021 |url= https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/03/20/more-47000-petition-white-house-recognize-nonbinary-genders}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

====2015====

* Nepal began to allow X gender passports.<ref>Clarissa-Jan Lim. "New 'Third Gender' Option on Nepal Passports Finally Protects the Rights of LGBT Community." ''Bustle''. January 8, 2015. http://www.bustle.com/articles/57466-new-third-gender-option-on-nepal-passports-finally-protects-the-rights-of-lgbt-community</ref>

* Dictionary.com put in the nonbinary gender words [[agender]], [[bigender]], and [[genderfluid]].<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. ''Dictionary.com.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> Meanwhile, the Oxford English Dictionary announced that it might add the title [[Mx]].<ref>Loulla-Mae Eleftheriou-Smith, "Gender neutral honorific Mx 'to be included' in the Oxford English Dictionary alongside Mr, Ms and Mrs and Miss." May 3, 2015. ''The Independent''. [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/gender-neutral-honorific-mx-to-be-included-in-the-oxford-english-dictionary-alongside-mr-ms-and-mrs-and-miss-10222287.html]</ref><ref>Mary Papenfuss, "Oxford Dictionary may include gender-neutral honorific 'Mx'." May 5, 2015. ''International Business Times.'' [http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626 http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/oxford-dictionary-may-include-gender-neutral-honorific-mx-1499626]</ref>

* One of Irish broadcaster RTE’s best-known journalists, [[Notable nonbinary people#Jonathan Rachel Clynch|Jonathan Rachel Clynch]], came out as genderfluid.<ref>Tom Sykes, "A ‘Gender Fluid’ Journalist Comes Out To Irish Cheers." 2015-09-18. ''Daily Beast.'' http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/09/18/a-gender-fluid-journalist-comes-out-to-irish-cheers.html</ref>

* Singer, songwriter, and actor [[Miley Cyrus]] explained she didn't relate to being a girl or a boy.<ref name=cyrusout>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Miley Cyrus Launches Anti-Homelessness, Pro-LGBT ‘Happy Hippie Foundation’ |last=Krochmal |first=Shana Naomi |work=out.com |date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.out.com/music/2015/5/05/exclusive-miley-cyrus-launches-anti-homelessness-pro-lgbt-happy-hippie-foundation}}</ref>

*The Washington Post style guide was updated to allow use of [[singular they]], with Post copy editor Bill Walsh saying: {{quote|What finally pushed me from acceptance to action on [[gender neutral pronouns|gender-neutral pronouns]] was the increasing visibility of [[gender-neutral]] people. The Post has run at least one profile of a person who identifies as neither male nor female and specifically requests ''they'' and the like instead of ''he'' or ''she''. Trans and [[genderqueer]] awareness will raise difficult questions down the road, with some people requesting [[Neopronouns|newly invented or even individually made-up pronouns]]. [...] But simply allowing ''they'' for a [[gender-nonconforming]] person is a no-brainer. And once we've done that, why not allow it for the most awkward of those ''he or she'' situations that have troubled us for so many years?<ref>{{cite web |date= December 4, 2015 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117232610/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/the-post-drops-the-mike--and-the-hyphen-in-e-mail/2015/12/04/ccd6e33a-98fa-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html |archive-date=January 17, 2020 |last=Walsh |first=Bill |title=The Post drops the 'mike' — and the hyphen in 'e-mail'}}</ref>}}

====2016====

* On January 8, the American Dialect Society voted [[singular they]] as Word of the Year for 2015, with ADS member Ben Zimmer stating "In the past year, new expressions of [[gender identity]] have generated a deal of discussion, and singular ''they'' has become a particularly significant element of that conversation. While many novel gender-neutral pronouns have been proposed, ''they'' has the advantage of already being part of the language." Singular "they" also won in the Most Useful category, beating out other contenders including "mic drop", "microaggression", and "shade" by a wide margin.<ref name="ADSthey">{{Cite web |title=2015 Word of the Year is singular “they” |author= |work=American Dialect Society |date=January 8, 2016 |access-date=October 27, 2020 |url= https://www.americandialect.org/2015-word-of-the-year-is-singular-they}}</ref>
* In the USA, the states of Oregon and then California began to allow for a nonbinary legal gender, though getting this recognized on identity documents (driver's licenses and passports) is another matter. California began to allow nonbinary driver's licenses.<ref name="OHara">{{Cite web |title=Californian becomes second US citizen granted 'non-binary' gender status |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=NBC News |date=26 September 2016 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/californian-becomes-second-us-citizen-granted-non-binary-gender-status-n654611 }}</ref>
*In April, Merriam-Webster added [[cisgender]], [[genderqueer]], and [[Mx]]. to its unabridged dictionary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=MerriamWebster|number=722817225925791744|title=Cisgender, Mx., and genderqueer are all new additions to the Unabridged today. Here's our article on 'cisgender'. https://t.co/9fvlhnlIPv|date=20 April 2016}}</ref>
*On the 2016 Australian Census, for the first time people could identify themselves as "male", "female", or "[[other]]". 1300 people selected "other".<ref name="power2017">{{Cite web |title=Being gender non-binary on the Census, dyke is a dirty word and Ramadan fundraising |author=Power, Shannon |work=The Informer |date=28 June 2017 |access-date=15 October 2020 |url= https://joy.org.au/theinformer/2017/06/28/gender-non-binary-census-dyke-dirty-word-ramadan-fundraising/}}</ref>

====2017====
*In the USA, California passed the [[2017 Gender Recognition Act]] "to ensure that intersex, transgender, and nonbinary people have state-issued identification documents that provide full legal [[Recognition (USA)|recognition]] of their accurate gender identity."<ref name="Bermudez">{{Cite web |title=California’s Gender Recognition Act and Impact on Employers - Klinedinst |last=Bermudez |first=Nadia P. |work=Klinedinst Attorneys |date=November 8, 2017 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604104058/https://klinedinstlaw.com/employment-law/california-gender-recognition-act-impact-employers |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="SB179">{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet: California's Gender Recognition Act (SB 179) |author=Transgender Law Center |work= |date=2018 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url=https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406000749/https://transgenderlawcenter.org/resources/id/ca-sb179 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In June 2017, USA's District of Colombia began to offer nonbinary driver's licenses and identification cards.<ref name="Stein">{{Cite web |title=Meet the first person in the country to officially receive a gender-neutral driver's license |last=Stein |first=Perry |work=Washington Post |date=30 June 2017 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/meet-the-first-person-in-the-country-to-officially-receive-a-gender-neutral-drivers-license/2017/06/30/bcb78afc-5d9a-11e7-9fc6-c7ef4bc58d13_story.html}}</ref> Activist [[Shige Sakurai]] was the first to receive one of these "X"-marked licenses.<ref name="Norwood">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=29 May 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html}}</ref> Soon after, the state of Oregon also began to issue gender-neutral IDs.<ref name="Stein"/>
* The country of Malta began to offer "X" gender markers on passports and other documents.<ref name="into_Malt">{{Cite web |title=Malta Becomes Latest Country to Allow Non-Binary Option on Passports |author= |work=INTO |date=6 September 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.intomore.com/impact/malta-becomes-latest-country-to-allow-nonbinary-option-on-passports}}</ref>
* Popular musician Sam Smith came out stating in an interview that "I don't know what the title would be but I feel just as much woman as I am man." <ref name="Besanvalle">{{Cite web |title=Sam Smith on his gender identity: 'I feel just as much woman as I am man' |last=Besanvalle |first=James |work=Gay Star News |date=22 October 2017 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819171648/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/sam-smith-i-feel-just-much-woman-i-man/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* In Germany, a person petitioned the registry office to change the gender on their birth record from "female" to "diverse". In regard to this case, the German Constitutional Court made a judgement suggesting "waiving the mandatory entry of gender in registries, or offering a different option besides male or female", reasoning that "denial of recognition of a non-binary gender identity does endanger the constitutionally protected free personality development."<ref name="tgeu_Join">{{Cite web |title=Joint Statement: Civil Society welcomes ground-breaking German Constitutional Court demand for a new regulation of sex registration |author= |work=TGEU |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=15 November 2020 |url= https://tgeu.org/joint-statement-civil-society-welcomes-ground-breaking-german-constitutional-court-demand-for-a-new-regulation-of-sex-registration/}}</ref>

====2018====
*In January, Washington state began to allow "X" gender markers on official documents<ref name="Jackman">{{Cite web |title=Washington to recognise third gender in groundbreaking move |last=Jackman |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/01/05/washington-to-recognise-third-gender-in-groundbreaking-move/}}</ref>, with the law stating that {{quote|"X" means a gender that is not exclusively male or female, including, but not limited to, [[intersex]], [[agender]], [[amalgagender]], [[androgynous]], [[bigender]], [[demigender]], female-to-male, [[genderfluid]], [[genderqueer]], male-to-female, [[neutrois]], [[nonbinary]], [[pangender]], [[third gender|third sex]], [[transgender]], [[transsexual]], [[Two Spirit]], and unspecified.<ref name="washington">{{Cite web |title=WAC 246-490-075: Changing sex designation on a birth certificate. |author= |work=Washington State Legislature |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url=https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195929/https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
*In July, well-known creator [[Rebecca Sugar]] came out as a [[nonbinary woman]].
*In September, Merriam-Webster Dictionary added the gender-inclusive term "Latinx".<ref name="Brammer2018">{{Cite web |title=The Gender-Neutral Term 'Latinx' Is Now Officially in the Dictionary |last=Brammer |first=John Paul |work=them. |date=7 September 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/latinx-is-officially-in-the-dictionary}}</ref>
*In October, the first [[International Pronouns Day]] took place with participation in 25 countries.
*In October, New York City passed a law (taking effect January 1, 2019) allowing [[Recognition (USA)|"X" gender markers on birth certificates]], and allows the marker to be changed without medical documentation.<ref name="Ohara2018">{{Cite web |title=New York City Just Passed a Gender-Neutral Birth Certificate Law |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=them. |date=10 October 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-birth-certificate-law-nyc}}</ref>
*In October, the Netherlands issued its first-ever passport with "X" gender designation. This was done for 57-year-old [[Leonne Zeegers]].<ref name="Dutch-X-Passport">{{Cite web |title=First Dutch gender-neutral passport issued |author= |work=BBC News |date=19 October 2018 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45914813 }}</ref>
* Washington, D.C. public schools began to offer "nonbinary" as a gender option on school enrollment forms.<ref name="nyti_Some">{{Cite web |title=Some Schools Allow Children to Register With a Gender Option Besides Girl or Boy |author=De La Cruz, Donna |work=nytimes.com |date=November 19, 2018 |access-date=November 12, 2020 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/19/well/family/some-schools-allow-children-to-register-with-a-gender-option-besides-girl-or-boy.html}}</ref>

====2019====
*In the USA in February, Kirsten Gillibrand, one of the many Democratic candidates for president, said she endorses the availability of "X" [[gender markers]] for nonbinary people.<ref name="GillibrandX">{{Cite web |title=2020 contender Kirsten Gillibrand backs third gender classification at federal level |last=Erickson |first=Bo |work=CBS News |date=February 16, 2019 |access-date=November 4, 2020 |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kirsten-gillibrand-2020-democratic-contender-backs-third-gender-classification-at-federal-level/}}</ref>
*In March, nonbinary person Finley Norris became the first person in the state of Indiana, USA to receive a driver's license with an "X" gender marker.<ref name="Norwood"/>
*Google released 53 new emoji variations with specifically [[gender neutral]] appearance.<ref name="England2019">{{Cite web |title=Google is releasing 53 new gender neutral emojis |last=England |first=Jason |work=Android Central |date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.androidcentral.com/google-releasing-53-new-gender-neutral-emojis}}</ref>
*In November, Massachusetts began allowing an X as a nonbinary gender marker on Driver's Licenses and State IDs. <ref name="Massgov">{{Cite web |title=Massachusetts Allows Nonbinary Marker on Licenses, IDs |work=mass.gov|date=November 19, 2019 |access-date=25 January 2021 |url= https://www.mass.gov/news/massachusetts-allows-nonbinary-marker-on-licenses-ids#:~:text=Boston%2C%20MA%20%E2%80%94%20The%20Massachusetts%20Commission,Commission%2C%20and%20follows%20years%20of}}</ref>
*Merriam-Webster declared [[singular they|"they"]] as the top Word of the Year.<ref name="MW2019">{{Cite web |title=Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year 2019 |author= |work=merriam-webster.com |date=2019 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/they}}</ref>
*Collins Dictionary added the word "non-binary".<ref name="wale_Coll">{{Cite web |title=Collins Dictionary recognise the word 'non-binary' |last=McGee |first=Sarah |work=WalesOnline |date=7 November 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020 |url= https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/collins-dictionary-recognises-word-non-17212246}}</ref>
*"[[Genderqueer]]", "[[agender]]", "[[cisgender]]", "[[Misgendering|misgender]]", "[[transphobia]]", and "[[ze/hir|ze]]" are added to the international Scrabble dictionary.<ref name="Kiley">{{Cite web |title=Scrabble Approves 'Genderqueer,' 'Ze,' and Other LGBTQ Terms |last=Kiley |first=Rachel |work=Pride.com |date=6 May 2019 |access-date=17 June 2020 |url= https://www.pride.com/news/2019/5/06/scrabble-approves-genderqueer-ze-and-other-lgbtq-terms}}</ref>
*Canada's 2019 Census Test (in preparation for the 2021 Census) now includes separate questions about [[Assigned at birth|sex at birth]] and [[gender]], and also allows nonbinary gender answers.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/road2021-chemin2021/fs-fi/sex-and-gender.cfm</ref>
* The American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide was updated to endorse the use of [[singular they]]: "Writers should use the singular 'they' in two main cases: (a) when referring to a generic person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context and (b) when referring to a specific, known person who uses 'they' as their pronoun."<ref name="LeeAPA">{{Cite web |title=Welcome, singular “they” |last=Lee |first=Chelsea |work=APA Style |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/singular-they}}</ref>

===2020s===

====2020====
* In January, American presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren promised that if she is elected, she will have "at least 50% of Cabinet positions filled by women and non binary people."<ref name="Warren">{{Cite web |title=Restoring Integrity and Competence to Government After Trump |last=Warren |first=Elizabeth |work=Medium |date=21 Jan 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://medium.com/@teamwarren/restoring-integrity-and-competence-to-government-after-trump-1fda0e1cc4c5}}</ref><ref name="Urbanski">{{Cite web |title=Elizabeth Warren pledges to fill at least half her Cabinet with women and 'non binary people' |last=Urbanski |first=Dave |work=TheBlaze |date=22 January 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.theblaze.com/news/elizabeth-warren-cabinet-women-and-non-binary}}</ref>
* In February, it was announced that Nepal's 2021 census would have a third gender option.<ref name="Nepalcensus">{{Cite web |title=Nepal to count third gender in population census expanding social benefits to LGBTQ+community |last=Mohamedbhai |first=Tahira |work=Jurist.org |date=6 February 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |url= https://www.jurist.org/news/2020/02/nepal-to-count-third-gender-in-population-census-expanding-social-benefits-to-lgbtqcommunity/}}</ref>
* On February 25, Ro Khanna, a Democratic member of the USA House of Representatives, proposed the Gender Inclusive Passport Act, which would add an "X" option to USA passports.<ref name="Sanders">{{Cite web |title=Proposed Bill Would Add Gender-Neutral Option to U.S. Passports |last=Sanders |first=Wren |work=them. |date=25 February 2020 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/gender-neutral-option-us-passports}}</ref>
* Marvel Comics' series ''The New Warriors'' introduced a nonbinary superhero named "Snowflake", and received widespread backlash.<ref name="Villarreal">{{Cite web |title=Marvel criticized for first non-binary superhero named “Snowflake” |last=Villarreal |first=Daniel |work=LGBTQ Nation |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2020/03/marvel-criticized-first-non-binary-superhero-named-snowflake/ }}</ref>
*In the USA, Virginia Governor Ralph Northam signed Senate Bill 246 on March 31, allowing for driver's license applicants to mark “male,” “female” or “non-binary” when designating their sex. The bill went into effect July 1.<ref name="VanSlooten">{{Cite web |title=Northam signs Va. non-binary driver’s license bill into law |last=Van Slooten |first=Philip |work=Washington Blade |date=7 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonblade.com/2020/04/07/northam-signs-va-non-binary-drivers-license-bill-into-law/}}</ref>
* In July, a nonbinary New Yorker sued the state in pursuit of an "X" [[gender marker]] on their driver's license. New York currently only allows "M" or "F" gender markers on licenses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New York state sued over driver’s licenses that limit gender to ‘M’ or ‘F’ |work=syracuse.com |date=July 28, 2020 |access-date=October 20, 2020 |url= https://www.syracuse.com/state/2020/07/new-york-state-sued-over-drivers-licenses-that-limit-gender-to-m-or-f.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary NYU Law Student Sues To Get "X" Gender Option On NY Driver's Licenses |last=Cruz |first=David |work=Gothamist |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |url= https://gothamist.com/news/nonbinary-nyu-law-student-sues-get-x-gender-option-ny-drivers-licenses}}</ref>
* The 2020 USA Census made headlines for lack of a nonbinary gender option.<ref name="news_The2">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Is Underway, But Nonbinary And Gender-Nonconforming Respondents Feel Counted Out |last=Schmid |first=Eric |work=St. Louis Public Radio |date=March 17, 2020 |access-date=May 14, 2020 |url= https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/2020-census-underway-nonbinary-and-gender-nonconforming-respondents-feel-counted-out#stream/0}}</ref><ref name="Brown">{{Cite web |title=The 2020 Census Fails Nonbinary Folks, But It’s Important To Take Part Anyway |last=Brown |first=Jera |work=Rebellious Magazine |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://rebelliousmagazine.com/the-2020-census-fails-nonbinary-folks-but-its-important-to-take-part-anyway/}}</ref>
*In August 2020, the well-known videogame journalist and internet personality [[Jim Sterling]] came out as nonbinary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Sterling|first=Jim|title=I am non-binary pansexual gendertrash. I like all pronouns. I haven't been this comfortable with myself before. Ever''.''|user=jimsterling|number=1298199496652918784|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=August 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825123123/https://twitter.com/JimSterling/status/1298199496652918784|archive-date=August 28, 2020}}</ref>
* In the November 3rd elections, [[Mauree Turner]] was elected to the Oklahoma state legislature, making them the first out nonbinary person elected to any USA state legislature.<ref name="Smith">{{Cite web |title=Mauree Turner is the first nonbinary and first Muslim Oklahoma state lawmaker |last=Smith |first=Kelsie |work=CNN |date=November 5, 2020 |access-date=November 5, 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/05/politics/first-nonbinary-and-muslim-oklahoma-lawmaker/index.html}}</ref>
*In the US state of North Carolina, December 6 was formally recognized by the legislature as Gender Expansive Parents' Day.<ref name="news_Aday">{{Cite web |title=A day to celebrate all parents, including LGBTQ parents, in NC |last=Vaughan |first=Dawn Baumgartner |work=The News & Observer |date=4 December 2020 |access-date=4 January 2021 |url= https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article247605375.html}}</ref>

====2021====
*Early in January, in Iceland, private businesses and government offices alike began to offer "male, female, nonbinary, [[other]], and the option to decline to answer" regarding gender registrations. This was the taking effect of a gender determination law that was passed in June 2019.<ref name="IcelandGrapevine">{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary Gender Registration Finally Opens In Iceland |last=Fontaine |first=Andie Sophia |work=The Reykjavik Grapevine |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=10 January 2021 |url=https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529052112/https://grapevine.is/news/2021/01/08/nonbinary-gender-registration-finally-opens-in-iceland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*In April, Dictionary.com officially added the word "enby"<ref name="Kinlaw">{{Cite web |title=OPINION: 'Sourdough' finally gets its own entry in online dictionary |last=Kinlaw |first=Bernadette |work=Arkansas Online |date=19 April 2021 |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2021/apr/19/dictionary-has-added-new-words/?features-style }}</ref> with the definition "a person whose gender identity is nonbinary, not fitting into the male/female division (often used attributively)."<ref name="dictionary.com">{{Cite web |title=Definition of enby |author= |work=Dictionary.com |date= |access-date=19 April 2021 |url= https://www.dictionary.com/browse/enby}}</ref>
*In June, the American Medical Association (AMA) made a public statement recommending that the [[sex marker]] should be removed from the public-facing part of birth certificates. Willie Underwood III, MD said that "Assigning sex using binary variables in the public portion of the birth certificate fails to recognize the medical [[Gender spectrum|spectrum of gender identity]]."<ref name="Frellick">{{Cite web |title=Remove Sex From Public Birth Certificates, AMA Says |last=Frellick |first=Marcia |work=WebMD |date=16 June 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |url= https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/news/20210616/remove-sex-from-public-birth-certificates-ama-says}}</ref>
* Also in June, the US Department of State announced that "The Department has begun moving towards adding a gender marker for non-binary, intersex, and gender non-conforming persons" for passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad (CRBA).<ref name="Blinken">{{Cite web |title=Proposing Changes to the Department's Policies on Gender on U.S. Passports and Consular Reports of Birth Abroad |last=Blinken |first=Antony J. |work=United States Department of State |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.state.gov/proposing-changes-to-the-departments-policies-on-gender-on-u-s-passports-and-consular-reports-of-birth-abroad/}}</ref> A government employee stated that the new gender marker would be available by the end of 2021.<ref name="Sanjana">{{Cite web |title=U.S. To Expand Passport Gender Markers For Nonbinary, Intersex Americans |last=Karanth |first=Sanjana |work=HuffPost |date=30 June 2021 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/us-passport-gender-markers-nonbinary-intersex-lgbtq_n_60dcd4f2e4b04973e5c1fea9}}</ref> In late October, an intersex and nonbinary person named [[Dana Zzyym]] was the first to receive one of these X-marked US passports.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The U.S. issues the first passport with a nonbinary gender 'X' option |last=Hernandez |first=Joe |work=NPR.org |date=27 October 2021 |access-date=28 October 2021 |url= https://www.npr.org/2021/10/27/1049690803/state-department-first-passport-with-nonbinary-gender-x-option}}</ref>

==Further reading==

* [[w:Timeline of transgender history| Wikipedia: Timeline of transgender history]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United Kingdom|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United Kingdom]]
* [[w:History of transgender people in the United States|Wikipedia: History of transgender people in the United States]]
* [[w:Timeline of intersex history|Wikipedia: Timeline of intersex history]]
* [[w:Intersex in history|Wikipedia: Intersex in history]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Visibility]]
[[de:geschichte]]

Glossary of Italian gender and sex terminology

2026-06-09T01:29:46Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Incomplete}}
{{Glossary list}}
This page lists Italian terms related to gender and sex. They are alphabetically ordered according to the words in Italian.

==A==
*agender - [[agender]]
*androgino - [[androgynous]]/[[androgyne]]
*asessuale (plural: assessuali) - [[asexual]]
*asessualità - asexuality

==B==
*bigender - [[bigender]]
*bifobia - biphobia
*bisessuale (plural: bisessuali) - [[bisexual]] NOTE: sometimes used :slang for Bisexual in Italian is ambedestro, which means ambidextrous
*bisessualità - bisexuality

==C==
*cisgender - [[cisgender]]

==D==
*demisessuale - [[demisexual]]
*donna - woman

==E==
*eterosessuale - [[heterosexual]]/straight
*eterosessualità - heterosexuality/straightness
*l'espressione di genere - [[gender expression]]

==F==
*femminilità - [[femininity]]

==G==
*genderqueer - [[genderqueer]]
*genderfluid - [[genderfluid]]
*genere - [[gender]]
*genere assegnatogli alla nascita - [[gender assigned at birth]]
*genere fluido - [[genderfluid]]
*genere neutro - [[gender neutral|neutral gender]]
*genere non conforme - [[gender nonconforming]]

==I==
*l'identità di genere - [[gender identity]]
*intersex ''or'' intersessualità - [[intersex]]/intersexuality

==L==
*lesbica (plural: lesbiche) - [[lesbian]]

==M==
*mascolinità - [[masculinity]]
*mascolino - masculine

==N==
*nell'armadio - in the closet
*nonbinario - [[nonbinary]]

==O==
*omofobia - homophobia
*omosessuale (plural: omosessuali) - [[Gay|homosexual/gay]]
*omosessualità - homosexuality/gayness
*orientamento sessuale - [[sexual orientation]]
*ormoni - hormones
*ormonoterapia (plural: ormonoterapie) - [[hormone therapy]]

==P==
*pansessuale - [[pansexual]]
*pansessualità - pansexuality
*pronome (plural: pronomi) - [[pronoun]]
*polisessuale - [[polysexual]]

==Q==
*queer - [[queer]]

==R==
*ruoli di genere - [[gender roles]]

==S==
*sesso - [[sex]]

==T==
*terzo genere - [[third gender]]
*transfobia - [[transphobia]]
*transgender - [[transgender]]
*transmisoginia - transmisogyny
*transessuale - [[transsexual]]
*transizione - [[transition]]

==U==
*unisex - unisex
*uomo - man
*uscire allo scoperto - [[coming out]] (English phrase "coming out‎" is also used)

==External resources==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200808130846/https://queercultureguide.com/ Queer Culture Guide]

[[Category:Glossaries of gender and sex terminology|Italian]]

Gender neutral language in Portuguese

2026-06-09T01:15:28Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{stub}}{{Template:Gender neutral language}}
The vast majority of Portuguese words have one of two grammatical genders: the feminine or the masculine. As such, Portuguese is not a gender-neutral language. Expressions such as "obrigado" or "obrigada" change based on your gender. Sometimes, words with the masculine form are seen as the default. Adjectives like "alto" and "alta" change based on gender as well. Many people use an 'e' ending, such as "obrigade". The creation and implementation of gender neutral terms in the Portuguese language aims to make non-binary people feel included.
It is important to note that, in Portuguese, there’s a distinction between '''gender-neutral language''' and '''inclusive language'''. Though the two overlap in some aspects, the latter makes use of already existing binary terms and its main goal is to include both men and women in conversations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|title=Linguagem inclusiva e linguagem neutra: entenda a diferença!|last=Folter|first=Regiane|date=9 March 2021|website=politize!|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Inclusive language and neutral language: understand the difference!|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704235358/https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> It comes as a response to the way Portuguese uses the masculine to encompass the feminine. This can be seen, for example, when groups are referred to with the masculine and plural form of a noun even when they’re not made-up exclusively of men.

{| class="wikitable"
|+How the sentence "good night, everyone!" is traditionally said and what each category of language suggests as an alternative:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speakingbrazilian.com/post/neutral|title=Gender-Neutral Language in Brazilian Portuguese|last=Langhammer|first=Virginia|date=2021-11-02|website=Speaking Brazilian|language=en|access-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404042634/https://www.speakingbrazilian.com/post/neutral|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
!Common language
!Gender-neutral language
!Inclusive language
|-
| rowspan="2" |Boa noite a todos!
|Boa noite a todes!
|Boa noite a todos e todas!
|-
| colspan="2" |Boa noite a todos, todas e todes!
|-
| colspan="3" |Boa noite a todas as pessoas!
|-
| colspan="3" |Boa noite a todo mundo!
|}

This article will focus on '''gender neutral Portuguese language'''. While, in Portuguese, non-living things are also attributed a gender, that is not meant to change with the use of neutral language. The sentence "my chair is purple" would still be said like "a minha cadeira é roxa," in which ''cadeira'' is still a feminine noun and the article ''a'', the possessive pronoun ''minha'' and the adjective ''roxa'' are also feminine. Moreover, words like ''pessoa'' ("person"), which are gendered but used to refer to anyone regardless of gender, remain the same and gender agreement is still expected in sentences that use them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dezanove.pt/sistema-elu-linguagem-neutra-em-genero-1317469|title=Sistema Elu, Linguagem Neutra em Género|last=Valente|first=Pedro|date=13 April 2020|website=dezanove|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Elu System, Language Neutral in Gender|access-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520042942/https://dezanove.pt/sistema-elu-linguagem-neutra-em-genero-1317469|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

Gender-neutral neologisms are known as ''neolinguagem'' (neolanguage), though that term also includes modified words that are not universally gender neutral.<ref>{{Cite web |title=» Guia pró-neolinguagem de linguagem neutra universal |url=https://orientando.org/guia-de-linguagem-neutra-universal/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |language=pt-BR|trans-title=Pro-neolanguage guide to universal neutral language}}</ref>

==Language sets==
There are two established ways of representing language sets in the Portuguese language. The first one, ''ela/dela'' follows the same format as the English "she/her," however, it is very incomplete. In Portuguese, word endings indicate gender, so the format ''ela/dela/-a'' was suggested as an alternative. Though this format is more complete than the previous one, it has been criticized. Some of the criticisms are that it doesn't take the particularities of the Portuguese language into account; that the other elements in the language that indicate gender, like articles and demonstrative pronouns, should also be declared and that article and word ending choice are unrelated to pronoun choice. For these reasons, the recommended representation is ''a/ela/a'', which follows the format article/pronoun/word ending.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/motivos-para-n%C3%A3o-usar-pronome-d-pronome-como-indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-conjuntos-de-linguagem|title=Motivos para não usar "pronome/d[pronome]" como indicação de conjuntos de linguagem|date=20 September 2019|website=Amplifi.casa|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Reasons not to use "pronoun/d[pronoun]" as an indication of language sets|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307205909/http://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/motivos-para-n%C3%A3o-usar-pronome-d-pronome-como-indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-conjuntos-de-linguagem/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> An even more complete version of this format would be ''a/uma/da/ela/dela/minha/essa/a''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forum.orientando.org/thread-225.html|title=expansão do sistema artigo/pronome/final de palavra?|date=23 May 2018|website=Fórum Orientando|access-date=21 June 2021|language=Portuguese|trans-title=expansion of the article/pronoun/word ending system?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526212632/https://forum.orientando.org/thread-225.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Note that, because pronouns aren't the only language elements that indicate gender in Portuguese, some people suggest calling these sets '''language sets''' instead of '''pronoun sets'''.

===Articles===
In Portuguese, there are two types of articles: '''definite articles''' - ''a'', ''o'', ''as'', ''os'' (equivalent to the English "the") - and '''indefinite articles''' - ''uma'', ''um'', ''umas'', ''uns'' (equivalent to the English "a" and "an") - all of which are gendered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/determiners-definite-and-indefinite-articles/|title=Definite and Indefinite Articles|website=Practice Portuguese|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905172255/https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/determiners-definite-and-indefinite-articles/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+The definite articles ''a'' and ''o'' compared to neutral alternatives:<ref name="SetTester">{{Cite web|url=https://orientando.org/conjuntos/avancado/|title=Testador de conjuntos: Modo avançado|website=Orientando|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Set tester: Advanced mode|type=Language set tester, containing a number of neutral language elements|access-date=28 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615143929/https://orientando.org/conjuntos/avancado/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
!a/o
!ae
!el
!fi
!i
!u
!ê
!le
|-
|a/o estudante
|ae estudante
|el estudante
|fi estudante
|i estudante
|u estudante
|ê estudante
|le estudante
|}
There are many other alternatives, though '''''ê''''' is, by far, the most used one. As for indefinite articles, these depend on the word ending that was chosen.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Articles affected by word ending:<ref name="SetTester" />
!Word ending
!a
!ae
!e
!eo
!o
!oa
|-
|''um'' + word ending
|uma(s)
|umae(s)
|ume(s)
|umeo(s)
|umo(s)
|umoa(s)
|}

===Pronouns===
In Portuguese, there are two standard personal pronouns for the third person singular and two for the third person plural. ''Ela'' is equivalent to the English "she" and ''ele'' is equivalent to the English "he," while ''elas'' and ''eles'' are both equivalent to the English plural "they." Portuguese-speaking non-binary people who don't feel comfortable with these have had to come up with neopronouns, along with its contractions.

{| class="wikitable"
|+''Ela'' and ''ele'' compared to some Portuguese neopronouns:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://identidades.wikia.org/pt-br/wiki/Linguagem_n%C3%A3o-bin%C3%A1ria_ou_neutra|title=Linguagem não-binária ou neutra|last=Lobo|first=Cari|last2=Gaigaia|first2=V.|website=wikia|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Non-binary or neutral language|others=Revised by Kumiho Lim|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025071357/http://identidades.wikia.org/pt-br/wiki/Linguagem_n%C3%A3o-bin%C3%A1ria_ou_neutra|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronome_neutro_de_terceira_pessoa#Portugu%C3%AAs|title=Pronome neutro de terceira pessoa|website=Wikipedia|access-date=21 June 2021|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Neutral third person pronoun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605221819/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronome_neutro_de_terceira_pessoa|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orientando.org/listas/tipos-de-linguagem/|title=Elementos de conjuntos de linguagem|website=orientando|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Elements of sets of language|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606023545/https://orientando.org/listas/tipos-de-linguagem/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_Portuguese|title=Gender neutrality in Portuguese|website=Wikipedia|access-date=2022-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306013844/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_Portuguese|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
!ela/e(s)
!ael(s)
!el(s)
!el@(s)*
!elu(s)
!elx(s)*
!ile(s)
!ilu(s)
!êla(s)
!ilo(s)
!ila(s)
!elo(s)
|-
|dela/e(s)
|dael(s)
|del(s)
|del@(s)
|delu(s)
|delx(s)
|dile(s)
|dilu(s)
|dêla(s)
|dilo(s)
|dila(s)
|delo(s)
|-
|nela/e(s)
|nael(s)
|nel(s)
|nel@(s)
|nelu(s)
|nelx(s)
|nile(s)
|nilu(s)
|nêla(s)
|nilo(s)
|nila(s)
|nelo(s)
|-
|aquela/e(s)
|aquael(s)
|aquel(s)
|aquel@(s)
| aquelu(s)
|aquelx(s)
|aquile(s)
|aquilu(s)
|aquêla(s)
|aquilo(s)
|aquila(s)
|aquelo(s)
|-
|daquela/e(s)
| daquael(s)
|daquel(s)
|daquel@(s)
|daquelu(s)
|daquelx(s)
|daquile(s)
|daquilu(s)
|daquêla(s)
|daquilo(s)
|daquila(s)
|daquelo(s)
|-
|naquela/e(s)
|naquael(s)
|naquel(s)
|naquel@(s)
|naquelu(s)
|naquelx(s)
|naquile(s)
|naquilu(s)
|naquêla(s)
|naquilo(s)
|naquila(s)
|naquelo(s)
|-
|àquela/e(s)
|àquael(s)
|àquel(s)
| àquel@(s)
|àquelu(s)
|àquelx(s)
|àquile(s)
|àquilu(s)
|àquêla(s)
|àquilo(s)
|àquila(s)
|àquelo(s)
|-
|praquela/e(s)
|praquael(s)
|praquel(s)
|praquel@(s)
|praquelu(s)
|praquelx(s)
|praquile(s)
|praquilus(s)
|praquêla(s)
|praquilos(s)
|praquilas(s)
|praquelo(s)
|}

<nowiki>*</nowiki>The use of these sets has been increasingly discouraged for the following reasons: they aren't convenient for people who use screen readers; they can be hard to read for people with dyslexia and they aren't orally pronounceable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orgulhogay.pt/neutralidade-de-genero-na-lingua-portuguesa/|title=NEUTRALIDADE DE GÉNERO NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA|date=17 October 2019|website=ORGULHO GAY|language=Portuguese|trans-title=GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE|access-date=21 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331091237/https://orgulhogay.pt/neutralidade-de-genero-na-lingua-portuguesa/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

The most well known and most used Portuguese neopronoun is '''''elu'''''. Its use is encouraged, mainly because it fits in with the pronouns ''ela'' ("she") and ''ele'' ("he") and it is easily pronounceable. Some people pronounce it as "élu", while others pronounce it as "êlu". A third option is saying "elú".

Some pronouns can depend on the word ending chosen by the user. While each pronoun, typically, has a word ending tied to it, using concordant language is not mandatory. Someone may use the word ending ''eo'' while using the pronoun ''ile'', for example.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronouns that can be affected by word ending:<ref name="SetTester" />
!Word ending
!a
!ae
! colspan="2" |eo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/neolinguagem|title=Archived profile for neolinguagem on Instagram|website=Ghostarchive}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
! colspan="3" |o
! colspan="3" |u
!ue
! colspan="2" |e
!oa
|-
|''est'' + word ending
|esta(s)
|estae(s)
| colspan="2" |esteo(s)
| colspan="3" |esto(s)
| colspan="3" |estu(s)
|estue(s)
|este(s)
|iste(s)
|estoa(s)
|-
|''ess'' + word ending
|essa(s)
|essae(s)
| colspan="2" |esseo(s)
| colspan="3" |esso(s)
| colspan="3" |essu(s)
|essue(s)
|esse(s)
|isse(s)
|essoa(s)
|-
|''mi'' or ''minh'' + word ending
|minha(s)
|minhae(s)
|minheo(s)
| colspan="2" |meo(s)
|minho(s)
| colspan="2" |meu(s)
|minhu(s)
| colspan="2" |mue(s)
| colspan="2" |minhe(s)
|minhoa(s)
|-
|''tu'' + word ending
|tua(s)
|tuae(s)
|tueo(s)
| colspan="2" |teo(s)
|tuo(s)
| colspan="2" |teu(s)
| colspan="2" |tu(s)
| colspan="2" |tue(s)
|tui(s)
|tuoa(s)
|-
|''su'' or ''su'' + word ending
|sua(s)
|suae(s)
|sueo(s)
| colspan="2" |seo(s)
|suo(s)
| colspan="2" |seu(s)
| colspan="2" |su(s)
| colspan="2" |sue(s)
|sui(s)
|suoa(s)
|}
The pronouns ''esta'' and ''essa'' can follow one of two paths when being converted to neutral forms. '''''Est/ess'' + word ending''' or '''letters of personal pronoun before consonant + ''st/ss'' + letters of personal pronoun after consonant'''. The latter only works if the personal pronoun has a consonant in the middle, so it'd work for ''ilu'' and ''ile'' (''issu/istu'' and ''isse/iste'') but not for ael (''aess/aest''), for example.<ref>https://diversidades.fandom.com/pt-br/wiki/Neopronome</ref>

===Word endings===
In the Portuguese language, the ending of a word typically indicates gender. For this reason, the vast majority of words have two forms: the masculine and the feminine. Feminine words end in ''a'', while masculine words end in ''o''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/the-gender-of-portuguese-words/|title=The Gender of Portuguese Words|website=Practice Portuguese|access-date=7 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719185109/https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/the-gender-of-portuguese-words/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The word "friend," a noun, can translate to ''amiga'' or ''amigo''. The same rule applies to adjectives, however, so "tall" can translate to either ''alta'' or ''alto''. Moreover, adjectives and nouns are expected to agree in gender. Some non-binary people use more than one word ending and may not mind that non-concordant language is used when referring to them, like in the sentence ''ae'' "''meu amiga é bonito''". New word endings were created to accommodate people who don't feel comfortable with either of the standard word endings.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Word endings ''a'' and ''o'' compared to neutral alternatives:<ref name="SetTester" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.pronouns.page/dicionario|title=Dicionário de linguagem neutra|website=Pronouns.page|language=pt|trans-title=Neutral language dictionary|access-date=2022-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530212655/https://pt.pronouns.page/dicionario|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagem_n%C3%A3o_sexista|title=Linguagem não sexista|website=Wikipédia|language=pt|trans-title=Non-sexist language|access-date=2022-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605221452/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguagem_n%C3%A3o_sexista|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
!a/o
!ae
!e
!eo
!ie
!u
!y
!oa
|-
|menina/o
|meninae
|menine
|menineo
|meninie
|meninu
|meniny
|meninoa
|-
|parceira/o
|parceirae
|parceire
|parceireo
|parceirie
|parceiru
|parceiry
|parceiroa
|-
|companheira/o
|companheirae
|companheire
|companheireo
|companheirie
|companheiru
|companheiry
|companheiroa
|-
|adulta/o
|adultae
|adulte
|adulteo
|adultie
|adultu
|adulty
|adultoa
|-
|aluna/o
|alunae
|alune
|aluneo
|alunie
|alunu
|aluny
|alunoa
|-
|ambígua/o
|ambíguae
|ambígue
|ambígueo
|ambíguie
|ambígu
|ambíguy
|ambíguoa
|-
|amiga/o
|amigae
|amigue
|amigueo
|amiguie
|amigu
|amiguy
|amigoa
|-
|feia/o
|feiae
|feie
|feieo
|feie
|feiu
|feiy
|feioa
|-
|dona/o
|donae
|done
|doneo
|donie
|donu
|dony
|donoa
|-
|convidada/o
|convidadae
|convidade
|convidadeo
|convidadie
|convidadu
|convidady
|convidadoa
|-
|brasileira/o
|brasileirae
|brasileire
|brasileireo
|brasileirie
|brasileiru
|brasileiry
|brasileiroa
|-
|garota/o
|garotae
|garote
|garoteo
|garotie
|garotu
|garoty
|garotoa
|-
|estrangeira/o
|estrangeirae
|estrangeire
|estrangeireo
|estrangeirie
|estrangeiru
|estrangeiry
|estrangeiroa
|-
|moça/o
|moçae
|moce
|moceo
|mocie
|moçu
|mocy
|moçoa
|-
|menina/o
|meninae
|menine
|menineo
|meninie
|meninu
|meniny
|meninoa
|-
|solteira/o
|solteirae
|solteire
|solteireo
|solteirie
|solteiru
|solteiry
|solteiroa
|-
|prima/o
|primae
|prime
|primeo
|primie
|primu
|primy
|primoa
|-
|namorada/o
|namoradae
|namorade
|namoradeo
|namoradie
|namoradu
|namorady
|namoradoa
|-
|política/o
|políticae
|polítique
|polítiqueo
|polítiquie
|políticu
|polítiquy
|políticoa
|-
|psicóloga/o
|psicólogae
|psicólogue
|psicólogueo
|psicóloguie
|psicólogu
|psicóloguy
|psicólogoa
|-
|veterana/o
|veteranae
|veterane
|veteraneo
|veteranie
|veteranu
|veterany
|veteranoa
|-
|zagueira/o
|zagueirae
|zagueire
|zagueireo
|zagueirie
|zagueiru
|zagueiry
|zagueiroa
|-
|usuária/o
|usuáriae
|usuárie
|usuárieo
|usuárie
|usuáriu
|usuáriy
|usuárioa
|-
|noiva/o
|noivae
|noive
|noiveo
|noivie
|noivu
|noiviy
|noivoa
|-
|obrigada/o
|obrigadae
|obrigade
|obrigadeo
|obrigadie
|obrigadu
|obrigady
|obrigadoa
|-
|secretária/o
|secretáriae
|secretárie
|secretárieo
|secretárie
|secretáriu
|secretáriy
|secretárioa
|-
|fogosa/o
|fogosae
|fogosie
|fogoseo
|fogose
|fogosu
|fogosy
|fogosoa
|}
In words like -osa/-oso, as in fogosa, the pronunciation changes. -oso would be -ôso and -osa would be -ósa. That way, some prefer the markedness and may pronounce ''fogose'' as ''fogóse''.<ref>https://bloguealternative.wordpress.com/neolinguagem/ [https://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/dicas-para-escrever-sem-linguagem-espec%C3%ADfica/]</ref> While others might still pronounce it as in the unspecific or generic, so ''fogôse''. There is a proposal to use -u- in cases that the -o- varies in pronounce (-ó-/-ô-).<ref>https://orientando.org/neolinguagem/neoflexoes/</ref> So that would means ''foguse'' is a third alternative. That also extends to other words, such as ''nuvie'' (novo/nova) and ''sugre'' (sogra/sogro).

Some words, such as anthropo-heteronyms, are also inflected in the beginning, examples and proposals below.<ref>https://bloguealternative.wordpress.com/lista-de-neologismos/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7546402/mod_resource/content/1/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20para%20todas%2C%20todos%20e%20todes_UnB.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803002337/https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7546402/mod_resource/content/1/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20para%20todas%2C%20todos%20e%20todes_UnB.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://repository.ufrpe.br/bitstream/123456789/3756/1/tcc_art_enildavaleriagomesmarinho.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822033720/https://repository.ufrpe.br/bitstream/123456789/3756/1/tcc_art_enildavaleriagomesmarinho.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|madrinha/padrinho
| colspan="2" |nadrinhe
| colspan="2" |xadrinhe
|adrinhe
|fadrinhe
|badrinhe
|zadrinhe
|-
|madre/padre
| colspan="2" |nadre
| colspan="2" |xadre
|adre
|fadre
|badre
|zadre
|-
|madrasta/padrasto
| colspan="2" |nadraste
| colspan="2" |xadraste
|adraste
|fadraste
|badraste
|zadraste
|-
|matriarca/patriarca
| colspan="2" |natriarca
| colspan="2" |xatriarca
|atriarca
|fadriarca
|batriarca
|zatriarca
|-
|maternidade/paternidade
| colspan="2" |naternidade
| colspan="2" |xaternidade
|aternidade
|faternidade
|baternidade
|zaternidade
|-
|mãe/pai
|nãe/nam/nai
| colspan="2" |pãe/mai
|xãe/xai
| colspan="3" |ade
|zazi
|}

==See also ==
*[[Glossary of Brazilian Portuguese gender and sex terminology]]
*[[Glossary of European Portuguese gender and sex terminology]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[https://orientando.org/conjuntos/ Set tester]

[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

Educational bodies (UK)

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{{Stub}}

This list, in alphabetical order, lists educational bodies in the UK whose status on [[genderqueer]] and [[nonbinary]] identity acceptance is known. Edits should, where possible, link to evidence.

Click here to return to the [[Recognition (UK)]] list of types of organisation.

==University of Exeter==

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes
*'''Evidence:''' [http://mxactivist.tumblr.com/post/93713820395 Blog post with screencaps and links to tweets, August 2014.]

[http://www.exeter.ac.uk/ Link to homepage].

==Manchester Metropolitan University==

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Unknown
*'''Evidence:'''
**(Mx) [http://mx-magpie.tumblr.com/post/52865296341/so-i-knew-theyd-changed-it-but-this-is-the-first Photo of MMU library tickets, June 2013.]

'''Notes:''' ''"The university is MMU, In Manchester, UK, and after a meeting with some people, they’ve agreed to create an “other” field for my gender, and place “Mx” as my prefix. Now that I’ve done it, I’d hope it will be easier for others to do the same."''

[https://web.archive.org/web/20120913052415/http://www2.mmu.ac.uk/ Link to homepage].

==University of Oxford==

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes
*'''Evidence:''' [http://mxactivist.tumblr.com/post/93713820395 Blog post with screencaps and links to tweets, August 2014.]

[http://www.ox.ac.uk/ Link to homepage].

==Portsmouth University==

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Unknown
*'''Evidence:'''
**(Mx) [http://kay-is-for-kookie.tumblr.com/post/48614323427/last-one-work-passes-that-say-mx-the-top-one Photo of Portsmouth Uni ID card, April 2013.]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://www.port.ac.uk/ Link to homepage].

==University of Wolverhampton==

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Ser
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Unknown
*'''Evidence:'''
**(Ser) [http://www.flickr.com/photos/95352989@N08/8685001787/in/photostream Screencap of email from university library]

'''Note:''' Title was added to system upon presentation of driving licence showing preferred title.

[http://www.wlv.ac.uk/ Link to homepage].

[[Category:Recognition (UK)]]

Bigender

2026-06-09T00:17:36Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

<languages/>
<translate>

{{infobox identity
| flag = bigender.png
| meaning = Pink: Woman; Blue: Man; Purple: Androgyne/mix of woman and man; White: Agender.
| related = [[Androgyne]], [[Bigenderfluid]], [[Ambigender]], [[Ambonec]], and [[Bigenderflux]]
| umbrella = [[Multigender]]
| frequency = 2.3%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Bigender
}}


[[Bigender]], '''bi-gender''', or sometimes '''dual-gender'''/'''dual-gendered''', is a [[gender identity]] under the [[multigender]], [[nonbinary]], and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Bigender people have two different specific gender identities, either at the same time, or at different times. The latter is a form of [[genderfluid]] identity, and may involve only two distinct genders, or it may involve "shades of gray between the two."<ref name="Schneider2008">author=Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF){{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326002419/http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The two genders of a bigender person can be the two [[binary genders]], [[female]] and [[male]]. This is what people usually assume bigender means. However, some people who identify as bigender have a different pair of genders. For example, their two genders might be female and [[neutrois]]. Or the two genders might be both nonbinary, such as [[agender]] and [[aporagender]]. Bigender is recognized by the American Psychological Association (APA) as a subset of the transgender group.<ref name="Schneider2006">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705005410/http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf |title=Answers to Your Questions About Transgender Individuals and Gender Identity |url=http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf|date=2006 |archive-date=5 July 2010|publisher=American Psychological Associaton|last1=Schneider |first1=Margaret |last2=Bockting|first2=Walter|last3=Ehrbar |first3=Randall |last4=Lawrence|first4=Anne|last5=Rachlin|first5= Katherine Louise |last6=Zucker|first6=Kenneth}}</ref>

==History== 


In the 1980s, a trans organization called the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute defined "bigenderist" as a type of [[androgyne]], with the latter being defined as "a person who can comfortably express either alternative gender role in a variety of socially acceptable environments."<ref>"Brochure for the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute." Ephemera. 1980. Digital Transgender Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20201003071900/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/8g84mm373 (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref><ref>The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute. "Abstracts of a Symposium on Gender Issues for the 90s (Jul. 20, 1988)." Pamphlet. Digital Transgender Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20200815041041/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/5q47rn80n (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref>


In 1992, Donna Mobley wrote in ''The Femme Mirror'' magazine:
{{quote|I'm neither a man pretending to be a woman nor a woman pretending to be a man. I'm dual-gendered and happily so. Don and Donna coexist and together they make up who and all that I truly am. To lose either part would leave me empty, since neither can exist without the other.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mobley |first=Donna |title=A Question of Balance|date=Winter 1992 |journal=The Femme Mirror}} [https://archive.org/details/tvtstapestry65unse/page/48/mode/2up Reprinted in a 1993 issue of ''TV/TS Tapestry Journal''.]</ref>}}


A trans man named Gary Bowen defined "bigendered" as "having two genders, exihibiting[sic] cultural characteristics of male and female roles" in his 1995 ''Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women".<ref name="Bowen">{{cite web|author=Bowen, Gary|title=A Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women|work=FTM International|date=15 May 1995|url=http://www.ftm-intl.org/Wrtngs/ftm-words.gary.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961105010926/http://www.ftm-intl.org/Wrtngs/ftm-words.gary.html|archive-date=5 November 1996|access-date=9 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


A 1997 paper concerning the "[[gender spectrum|gender continuum]]" in ''International Journal of Transgenderism'' noted that "a person who feels or acts as both a woman and a man may identify as bi-gendered." The paper also described individuals who were "genderblended", being both binary genders but either "more man than woman" or "more woman than man".<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718084440/https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>


A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and less than 8% of those who were [[AFAB|assigned female at birth]] identified as bigender.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531053748/http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>


In a 2010 encyclopedia, bigender is listed as a type of "[[androgyne]]" gender: "Androgyne identities include [[pangender]], bigender, [[ambigender]], nongendered, [[agender]], [[gender fluid]], or [[intergender]]."<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref>


In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of [[genderfluid]] people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders."<ref name="CaseRamachandran2012">{{cite journal|last1=Case|first1=Laura K.|last2=Ramachandran|first2=Vilayanur S.|title=Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex|journal=Medical Hypotheses|volume=78|issue=5|year=2012|pages=626–631|issn=03069877|doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041}}</ref><ref>"Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". ''Neuroskeptic''. April 8, 2012. [http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206064913/http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Stix|first=Gary|date=20 April 2012 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911|title='Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims |website=The Huffington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907041247/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911|archive-date=7 September 2023}}</ref> These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now.


In 2014, bigender was one of the 56 genders made available on Facebook.<ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref>


In July of 2014, two bigender pride flag designs by Tumblr user no-bucks-for-this-doe were posted on the blog "pridearchive".<ref name="pridearchive">{{Cite web |title=Bigender Pride |author= |work=Pride Archive |date=30 July 2014 |access-date=6 July 2021 |url= https://pridearchive.tumblr.com/post/93315678776/bigender-pride|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531074105/https://pridearchive.tumblr.com/post/93315678776/bigender-pride |archive-date=31 May 2022 }}</ref> The first flag has seven horizontal stripes: two shades of pink on the top, followed by a lavender stripe, white middle stripe, another lavender stripe, and two shades of blue on the bottom. The second flag is the same except that the middle stripe is a gradient of white-to-grey. The color meanings were given thusly:
{{quote|Here's what the flag colours mean:


Pinks: [[Femininity]]


Blues: [[Masculinity]]


Purple: [[Nonbinary]]


White transitioning to Grey: [[Agender]] and other neutral genders


The placement of the pink and blue stripes on opposite ends of the flag are to represent a sense of separation, yet coexistence between masculinity and femininity<ref name="pridearchive" />}}


In later years, many alternate bigender pride flags were created after allegations that no-bucks-for-this-doe, aka Sunny, was transphobic and predatory.<ref name="SymbolSage">{{Cite web |title=Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent? |author= |work=Symbol Sage |date=2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |url= https://symbolsage.com/bi-gender-flag-explained/ |quote=A few years back, there were accusations flying around that the original creator of the 'official' bigender flag showed signs of being transphobic and predatory. Thus, many members of the bigender community felt uncomfortable associating with the original bigender flag. There have been many attempts across the years to conceptualize a brand-new bigender flag – one that's free from the questionable reputation of its designer.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602075428/https://symbolsage.com/bi-gender-flag-explained/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://belmonnt-remade.tumblr.com/post/631901475300327424/a-little-note-on-the-bigender-flag-i-do-not-know|title=a little note on the bigender flag|date=13 October 2020|access-date=6 July 2021}}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=SidiPopsicle |number=1404717734819160065 |title=BEGGING people who add Bigender to pride tweets to research that the original flag was made by a transphobic and abusive pedo, and that there are two other popular redesigns to choose from (i personally prefer the one with the purple stripe in the middle, pictured below)!|date=15 June 2021}}</ref> In April 2022, a tumblr user claiming to be Sunny posted that the allegations against them were "more or less true" and also wrote that "I don't like the idea of my flag being used widely because it reminds me of the person I used to be. But it isn't up to me. Flags belong to the community as a whole, not the creator. Regardless I'm glad it seems to be phasing out."<ref>{{cite web|title=I’m Sunny, the creator of the old bigender flag|date=28 April 2022|author=031exuberantwitness|url=https://www.tumblr.com/031exuberantwitness/682756338431016960/im-sunny-the-creator-of-the-old-bigender-flag-a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526164816/https://www.tumblr.com/031exuberantwitness/682756338431016960/im-sunny-the-creator-of-the-old-bigender-flag-a |archive-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>


In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here Are Some New Words Added To Dictionary.com |author= |work=Dictionary.com |date=6 May 2015 |access-date=21 April 2023 |url= https://www.dictionary.com/e/2015-new-words/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081454/https://www.dictionary.com/e/2015-new-words/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."<ref>"Bigender." ''Dictionary.com.'' Retrieved May 18, 2015. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809232145/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>


In 2017, bigender was one of the 37 gender options added to the dating network Tinder.<ref name="Mallenbaum">{{Cite web |title=What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms |last=Mallenbaum |first=Carly |work=USA TODAY |date=15 November 2016 |access-date=29 April 2020 |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/15/tinder-app-transgender-agender-genderqueer/93873790/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602132518/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/15/tinder-app-transgender-agender-genderqueer/93873790/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Gender expression== 
{{incomplete|section=yes}}


Bigender people "move between feminine and masculine gender-typed behaviour depending on context. Some bigendered individuals express a distinctly ‘en femme’ persona and a distinctly ‘en homme’ persona […] others have shades of grey between the two."<ref name="Schneider2008" />

== Notable bigender people == 

</translate>
[[File:Alyxandra Margaret (A. M.) Dellamonica at FanExpo 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Canadian sci-fi writer [[A.M. Dellamonica]], who describes themself as "bigendered".]]
[[File:RB Lemberg.jpg|thumb|200px|Ukrainian author [[R.B. Lemberg]], who describes themself as bigender.]]
<translate>


{{Main|Notable nonbinary people}}


There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "bigender" or "bi-gender" for themselves.


*The Slovakian musician [[B-Complex]] (aka Matia or Maťo Lenická) is a drum and bass music producer and DJ. Prefers the name Maťo when presenting as a man and the name Matia when presenting as a woman.<ref name="denn_Prel">{{Cite web |title=Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia |trans-title=B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia |last=Pecíková |first=Laura |work=Denník N |date= |access-date=28 March 2020 |url= https://dennikn.sk/321936/prelomila-b-complex-muz-mato-zena-matia/ |language=sk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202222723/https://dennikn.sk/321936/prelomila-b-complex-muz-mato-zena-matia/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> The artist's first major label release was "Beautiful Lies", which appeared on the compilation ''Sick Music'' from Hospital Records. The compilation went on to reach the top 30 on the iTunes UK Download Chart, and was in the top 5 on the Beatport Drum and Bass Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|title=Interview: London Elektricity & B-Complex|publisher=Broken Beats|date=15 June 2009|accessdate=2014-09-17|author=Kivex|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117125947/http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|archive-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Records - B-complex |url=https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |publisher=Hospital Records |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514041421/https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |archivedate=2013-05-14 }}</ref> B-Complex goes by she/her pronouns (according to her [https://soundcloud.com/b-complex Soundcloud bio]), and says, "I happen to be a transgendered person as well, bi-gender in particular."<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312 Facebook post], June 6, 2015 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183929/https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>


* Canadian sci-fi writer [[A.M. Dellamonica]] describes themself as "bigendered".<ref name="dellamonicapresskit">{{Cite web |title=Press Kit – A.M. Dellamonica |author= |work=alyxdellamonica.com |date= |access-date=8 August 2021 |url= https://alyxdellamonica.com/press-kit/ |quote=Dellamonica tells people they are bigendered, bisexual and bisectional. (The latter means they sing both alto and soprano.) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528013326/https://alyxdellamonica.com/press-kit/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="dellamonicatweet">{{cite tweet |user=AlyxDellamonica|number=743281061069787136|date=June 15, 2016|title=Bigendered, bisectional, bisexual. The middle means I sing alto and soprano. I write SF/F/H. Legally married to @kellyoyo #QueerSelfLove}}</ref>


*The Ukranian writer [[R.B. Lemberg]] is bigender.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331004532/http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">{{cite tweet|user=RB_Lemberg|number=1022283262906048513|date=July 25, 2018|title=@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :) I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it! <3}}</ref> Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine.


* [[James-Beth Merritt]], the author of the 2018 book ''Bi-Gender: A Candid Nonbinary Memoir.''<ref name="Harrison">{{Cite web |title=Quick Lit: 'Bi-Gender: A Candid Nonbinary Memoir' by James-Beth Merritt |last=Harrison |first=Margot |work=Seven Days |date=27 February 2019 |access-date=3 October 2020 |url= https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/quick-lit-bi-gender-a-candid-nonbinary-memoir-by-james-beth-merritt/Content?oid=26153161|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525210624/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/quick-lit-bi-gender-a-candid-nonbinary-memoir-by-james-beth-merritt/Content?oid=26153161 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>


* The young adult novelist [[Mia Siegert]] is bigender.<ref name="dive_Writ">{{Cite web |title=Writing from a Place of Truth |author= |work=Diversity in YA |date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |url= https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |quote=I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809232144/https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Siegert's debut novel ''Jerkbait'' made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop!<ref name="mari">{{Cite web |title=Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert |author=Mari |work=musings of a book girl |date=January 7, 2020 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |url= https://musingsofabookgirl.com/2020/01/07/sensational-sophomores-interview-with-mia-siegert/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226014930/https://musingsofabookgirl.com/2020/01/07/sensational-sophomores-interview-with-mia-siegert/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* The artist [[Nate Stevenson|Nate "ND" Stevenson]] is bigender and transmasculine.<ref>https://twitter.com/Gingerhazing/status/1377305526908841990 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230702172227/https://twitter.com/Gingerhazing/status/1377305526908841990 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> He uses he/him pronouns.
* [[Ari Kane]], the founder of the Outreach Institute for Gender Studies and the Fantasia Fair (a yearly event for trans and gender non-conforming people), was bigender. She used she/her and he/him pronouns.<ref>"Ari Kane papers". Online Archive of California. https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c85t3sdc/entire_text/</ref>

== Bigender characters in fiction == 


{{Main|Nonbinary gender in fiction}}


There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "bigender," either in their canon, or by their creators.


*''[http://catperson.erinptah.com/ But I'm A Cat Person]'' by Erin Ptah - Urban fantasy webcomic featuring a bigender character - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - as well as numerous 'Beings' who are able to take on both male and female forms. Also features various LGBT characters. Updates three times a week.
* Mia Siegert's novel ''Somebody Told Me'' has a bigender protagonist who goes by Alexis and/or Aleks.<ref name="Lerner">{{Cite web |title=A Book Trailer, Podcast, and Mia Siegert's Playlist for Somebody Told Me |author= |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |work=The Lerner Blog |date=May 2020 |access-date=5 July 2020 |url= https://lernerbooks.blog/2020/05/a-book-trailer-podcast-and-mia-siegerts-playlist-for-somebody-told-me.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127074348/https://lernerbooks.blog/2020/05/a-book-trailer-podcast-and-mia-siegerts-playlist-for-somebody-told-me.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* The protagonist of ''Baker Thief'', by Claudie Arseneault, is bigender and [[aromantic]].<ref name="Simkiss">{{Cite web |title=Author Interview: Xan West |author=Simkiss, Ceillie |work=Let's Fox About It |date= |access-date=5 October 2020 |url= https://letsfoxaboutit.com/author-interview-xan-west/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809232147/https://www.letsfoxaboutit.com/author-interview-xan-west/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>https://gumroad.com/l/bakerthief [https://web.archive.org/web/20210618151823/https://gumroad.com/l/bakerthief Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* ''Why We Fight'', by T.J. Klune, has a bigender protagonist.<ref name="readsrainbow">{{Cite web |title=Book Recs: Twitter’s Favourite Trans Books |author= |work=Reads Rainbow |date=13 May 2020 |access-date=2 November 2020 |url= https://readsrainbow.wordpress.com/2020/05/13/book-recs-twitters-favourite-trans-books/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225164049/https://readsrainbow.wordpress.com/2020/05/13/book-recs-twitters-favourite-trans-books/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* Currently-in-development dating sim ''The Office Type'' includes the character [[Mx]]. Hura Stapleton, who is bigender.<ref>[https://www.heavythoughtstudios.com/projects/ Heavy Thought Studios - Projects] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527212505/https://www.heavythoughtstudios.com/projects/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* Currently-in-development dating sim ''Repurpose'' includes the character Cheri, who is bigender and [[omnisexual]].<ref name="Repurpose">{{Cite web |title=Repurpose (Demo) by Eros |author= |work=itch.io |date=11 June 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |url= https://residentrabbit.itch.io/repurpose-demo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515063331/https://residentrabbit.itch.io/repurpose-demo |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="kick_Repu">{{Cite web |title=Repurpose |author=Resident Rabbit |work=Kickstarter |date= |access-date=28 October 2020 |url= https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/residentrabbit/repurpose/description|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226150817/https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/residentrabbit/repurpose/description |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* The visual novel ''ValiDate: Struggling Singles in your Area'' includes the character Emhari Abdi, who is a bigender lesbian. Emhari uses both "he/him" and "she/her" pronouns.<ref>{{cite tweet|date=18 July 2020| user=ValiDateGame| number=1284540692962967553|title=Our first mini interview is with Nasr (@trashyvoid ), the artist of Emhari!}}</ref><ref>[https://validategame.com/#cast ValiDate: Meet The Cast!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230517064141/https://validategame.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* The show ''Gen V'', a spinoff of ''The Boys'', has a bigender protagonist, Jordan Li<ref name="GenV">{{Cite web |title=The Boys spin-off Gen V delivers fresh trans representation with shapeshifting bigender superhero |date=6 October 2023 |access-date=31 October 2023 |url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/boys-spin-off-gen-v-154200645.html }}</ref>

==See also== 
*[[Abigender]]
*[[Androgyne]]
*[[Demigender]]
*[[Intergender]]
*[[Genderfluid]]
*[[List of nonbinary identities]]
*[[Multigender]]
*[[Yinyang ren]]

===External links=== 
*[http://bigender.net/ Bigender.net]
*[[Wikipedia:Bigender|Wikipedia's Bigender article]]
*[http://gender.wikioasis.org/wiki/Bigender Bigender at Gender Wiki]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063817/https://www.susans.org/wiki/Bigender Susan's Place Transgender Resource Wiki: Bigender]

==References== 
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<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

Transition/ru

2026-06-07T01:03:03Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Personal story
| quote = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">I see transition as a type of rebirth, a reincarnation within our lives. It can be painful, and we need to let go of the past which weighs us down. But we can still carry the positive with us, value everything we can, regardless of gender.</span>
| name = Кора
| age = 37
| identity = Небинарные
}}
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'''Transition '''is a term that is used to describe the process that individuals typically experiencing [[gender dysphoria]] go through to reach their desired social role, and/or physicality; there is no single definition of transition as the term is based on the unique requirements of each individual.
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==Healthcare services==
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A diagnosis of [[gender dysphoria]] that is congruent with the diagnostic criteria of a recognised 'gender identity disorder' is the typical prerequisite for the treatment of persistent gender dysphoria in those countries which offer such services. Healthcare professionals typically reference either the [http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/Default.aspx Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)] or the [http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ International Classification of Diseases (ICD)] in order to confirm a diagnosis of gender dysphoria.
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Before the 1960s few countries offered safe, legal medical options for people experiencing gender dysphoria and many criminalized gender-nonconforming behaviours or mandated unproven psychiatric treatments. In response to this problem, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association now known as the [http://www.wpath.org/ World Professional Association for Transgender Healthcare (WPATH)] authored one of the earliest sets of clinical guidelines for the express purpose of ensuring "lasting personal comfort with the gendered self in order to maximize overall psychological well-being and self-fulfilment". The WPATH 'Standards of Care' are the most widespread clinical guidelines used by professionals working with transsexual, transgender, or gender variant people, and have undergone several revisions since its initial publication. Traditionally these guidelines have been structured in relation to the Transsexualism diagnosis and as such have presented a dilemma for non-transsexual individuals who have been unable to meet the eligibility criteria for medical treatment.
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In [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01542067 'Archives of Sexual Behaviour (Volume 16), "Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria"' (1987)], Dr Ray Blanchard (who served on the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders) wrote, ''"(there is a) well-recognized tendency of applicants for sex reassignment surgery to distort their histories in the direction of 'classic' transsexualism in an effort to gain approval for such surgery"''.
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====Gender dysphoria Vs. Gender Identity Disorder====
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: ''Main article: [[Gender dysphoria]]''
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The diagnosis of 'Transsexualism' was introduced in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-III) compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980 for individuals who had experienced a minimum of two years of continuous interest in reconstructing their sex-physicality and assigned gendered identity. The criteria of the diagnosis focused on individuals whose identities resembled a male-to-female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM) paradigm. Others experiencing gender dysphoria, but whose identities did not fit the MTF/FTM paradigms could be diagnosed with 'Adulthood Nontranssexual Type', or 'Gender Identity Disorder: Not Otherwise Specified' (GIDNOS). In 1994 the DSM-IV committee replaced the transsexual diagnosis; for individuals with MTF/FTM type identities a diagnosis of 'Gender Identity Disorder' (GID) would be applied instead. The diagnostic criteria of GIDNOS was left undefined, bar that the diagnosis be given to those whose 'gender identity disorder' cannot be defined within a MTF or FTM paradigm. Though a gender dysphoric nonbinary individual may use the term 'transsexual' to describe themselves, they are not considered to be transsexual within a clinical context.
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The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in May 2013 which replaced the gender identity disorders with Gender Dysphoria[http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx]. "The new revisions for the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis in the DSM-5 are mostly positive. However they do not go nearly far enough. The change in title from Gender Identity Disorder (intended by its authors to mean “disordered” gender identity) to Gender Dysphoria (from a Greek root for distress) is a significant step forward. It represents a historic shift from gender identities that differ from birth assignment to distress with gender assignment and associated sex characteristics as the focus of the problem to be treated... In another positive change, the Gender Dysphoria category has been moved from the Sexual Disorders chapter of the DSM to a new chapter of its own. Non-binary queer-spectrum identities and expression are now acknowledged in the diagnostic criteria... However, the fundamental problem remains that the need for medical transition treatment is still classed as a mental disorder. In the diagnostic criteria, desire for transition care is itself cast as symptomatic of mental illness, unfortunately reinforcing gender-reparative psychotherapies which suppress expression of this “desire” into the closet. The diagnostic criteria still contradict transition and still describe transition itself as symptomatic of mental illness. The criteria for children retain much of the archaic sexist language of the DSM-IV-TR that psychopathologizes gender nonconformity. Moreover, children who have happily socially transitioned are maligned by misgendering language in the new diagnosis. More troubling is false-positive diagnosis for those who have happily completed transition. Thus, the GD diagnosis, and its controversial post-transition specifier, continue to contradict the proven efficacy of medical transition treatments. This contradiction may be used to support gender conversion/reparative psychotherapies – practices described as no longer ethical in the current WPATH Standards of Care"[http://gidreform.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/gid-reform-in-the-dsm-5-and-icd-11-a-status-update/].
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====U.K.====
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: ''Main article: [[Nonbinary healthcare (UK)]]''
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Historically, eligibility criteria for medical treatment has presented a barrier for nonbinary individuals, specifically the 'real life test' (RLT) component which was later renamed the 'real life experience' (RLE). The website of the London NHS gender identity clinic states, ''"There is a two year Real Life Experience (RLE) of living in the reassigned gender role at the GIC for people who want to have genital reconstruction surgery (GRS). This is dated from the start of full-time gender role transition after which they can be assessed for referral for GRS. The RLE includes at least a year in some form of agreed occupational activities."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20140901175724/http://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/gi/gender-identity-clinic/frequently-asked-questions/]. Nonbinary individuals requesting genital reconstruction surgery (GRS) are generally unable to satisfy clinicians in relation to the RLE criteria as there is little [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209151923/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Recognition_(UK) social] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20170209083236/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Legal_gender#UK legal recognition] of the nonbinary demographic. On the 1st December 2010, the University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies hosted the final public forum in its series on gender and radical biomedical advances, ''“Transitioning gender: the challenges of radical technologies”'', in association with the Guardian and supported by Cambridge University Press [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/audio/2010/dec/07/transitioning-gender-radical-technologies-debate]. One of the speakers was Dr Richard Green, former research director and consultant psychiatrist of the London NHS gender identity clinic, who referenced ''“third gender or no-gender person(s)”'' seeking surgery to ''“remove breasts or male genitalia”'' and calls this a ''“medical '''dilemma for physicians because there’s no real life experience'''. Its either surgery, or not”''.
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''“...Young people are eligible for treatment in the adult NHS clinics (once they are 18 years old) or by private practitioners (from 16 years old)”'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-08 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310110222/http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>.
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==Changing your name==
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: ''Main article: [[Names]]''
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{{Personal story
| quote = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Introducing myself to people is less "Hi, my name is __" and more "Hi, my name is __, and by the way I'm here to break your fundamental understanding of your world and how it works." Every introduction, every interaction, I have to make a choice on whether to correct people, whether to explain things. Sometimes it's just not worth it.</span>
| age = 26
| identity = Гендерквирность
}}
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In most societies, a personal name is a fundamental component of social identity. The naming of infants by humans throughout history has typically followed local cultural traditions which have emphasised familial connections, also commonly inferring that the owner of a given name is either 'male' or 'female'. Many individuals go on to adopt an alternative to their birth-name, or replace it altogether; individuals experiencing gender dysphoria may regard such an act as constituting the whole, or part, of their transition.
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Changing one's name within an everyday social context can be as simple as informing others of one's choice. However, in societies with a complex legal system (or equivalent), there can be conditions that place limitations on the individual's right to self determination, which can be especially problematic for [[nonbinary]] individuals. For example, in Germany the Standesamt (Office of Vital Statistics) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-08 |archive-date=2021-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920205748/https://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> typically refuses to recognise in German civil registration law names that are gender-ambiguous; a given name must indicate that the owner is either 'male' or 'female'.
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=====State of Address=====
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: ''Main article: [[Gender neutral titles]]''
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Many societies formally recognise various states of address (commonly referred to as ones 'title'), which in many instances indicate a 'male' or 'female' identity; such as 'Mr' in the English vocabulary, 'Madame' in French, and so on. Many individuals changing their name as part of their transition also change their state of address, or attempt to remove such references from their personal identity documentation altogether.
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Some individuals adopt a gender neutral title such as 'Mx', 'Misc', or 'Pr'. For the most part, gender neutral titles without qualification/career connotations are not recognised by the general public or businesses/organisations. Activists and supporters are working toward awareness and acceptance of alternative titles. For some nonbinary folk, being referred to with a gendered title can trigger [[gender dysphoria]].
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=====Личные местоимения=====

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: ''Main article: [[Pronouns]]''
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Pronouns are a part of language used to refer to someone or something without using proper nouns. Proper nouns are the names for things - for example, "Pat" for a person or "Husky Tower" for a downtown building. The most common use of pronouns in the singular of the English language for people is gendered - for example, he/him/his for men and she/her/her for women. However, there is an increasing demand for singular gender neutral pronouns, such as they/them/their in the singular or the Spivak set, ey/em/eir.
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==Changing your presentation==
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: ''Main article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129205539/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Nonbinary#Nonbinary_presentation_and_expression Nonbinary presentation and expression]''
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Some nonbinary individuals intentionally present an [[androgyny|androgynous]] or [[gender neutral]] personal aesthetic by removing, replacing, or blending [[gender cues]] in their general presentation. For many, adopting such a personal aesthetic can ease the symptoms of [[gender dysphoria]], while others may be motivated primarily by a desire to make a political statement; each individual typically has their own unique reasons for adopting any particular 'look'. However, it is no more true to state that 'all nonbinary individuals want to appear androgynous' than it is to state that 'all women want to appear feminine'. Though they may not apply [[binary genders|binary gender]] stereotyping to their own presentation, some nonbinary individuals seek a personal aesthetic that is considered by their own culture as being variously congruent with binary stereotypes, the affected nonbinary individual may then experience gender dysphoria triggered by the resulting cognitive dissonance.
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Public reactions to individuals whose presentation, for whatever reason(s), appears to challenge binary-gender stereotypes varies widely. Some models, musicians, and other celebrities are known internationally and celebrated specifically for having an androgynous appearance (see [[notable nonbinary people]]). Meanwhile, many people receive negative reactions for challenging binary-gender stereotypes. Safety is a concern for many nonbinary individuals attempting to transition to a socially visible nonbinary status.
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==Changing your legal identity==
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: ''Main article: [[Legal gender]]''
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The majority of contemporary national legal systems operate according to a standard wherein each citizen must be registered as either 'male' or 'female', however an actual definition of those terms may be lacking in legislation. For example in Britain the terms 'male' and 'female' are not mentioned in registration law, the individual is solely referred to as either 'person' or 'the child' although there are some gendered references such as 'mother', 'father', etc. However, the terms (male or female) are usually required to be visible on personal identity documentation which is necessary to access many essential public services.
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India recognises one of its trans demographics ([[Hijra]]) in law, giving them a status besides 'male' and 'female' in legal documentation, however as the rest of the legal system is designed to accommodate only 'male' and 'female' citizenship the Hijras' legal recognition can at times prevent affected individuals from enjoying the equality their legal status was originally intended to secure.
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==Смотрите также==
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Just as with other kinds of transgender people, some nonbinary individuals want to make certain kinds of changes to their bodies. This can be in order to relieve a distressing sense of [[gender dysphoria]], or for practical reasons, or by personal choice. This article tells about some kinds of changes that some nonbinary people can want, and practical things they can do to achieve those changes. Physical gender transition is never "one size fits all." A nonbinary person does not have to make all or any of these changes in order to be nonbinary. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones and get surgery, and there are nonbinary people who only go on hormones without getting surgery. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones temporarily, in order to try to get some changes they want, and avoid some changes they don't want. There are nonbinary people who do not change their bodies at all, because they do not feel a need to do so.
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===Postpone or temporarily suspend puberty===
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{{main|puberty blockers}}
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Puberty blockers are drugs that postpone or temporarily suspend puberty in children and teenagers. They are used for [[transgender]] children, including those who identify as [[nonbinary]], to stop the development of features that they consider to mark the wrong sex,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Jaime|last2=Gomez-Lobo|first2=Veronica|last3=Pine-Twaddell|first3=Elyse|date=2015-12-01|title=Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=136|issue=6|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1542/peds.2015-2849|issn=0031-4005|pmid=26527547|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |title=Looking at suppressing puberty for transgender kids |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |title=Transgender Youth Using Puberty Blockers |publisher=[[KQED]] |date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> with the intent to provide transgender youth more time to explore their identity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alegría|first=Christine Aramburu|date=2016-10-01|title=Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice|journal=Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=521–527|doi= 10.1002/2327-6924.12363|pmid=27031444|issn=2327-6924}}</ref> the studies that have been conducted indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.<ref name="lancet_pubertyblockers">{{cite journal | last=Mahfouda | first=Simone | last2=Moore | first2=Julia K | last3=Siafarikas | first3=Aris | last4=Zepf | first4=Florian D | last5=Lin | first5=Ashleigh | title=Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents | journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=5 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=2213-8587 | doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 | pmid=28546095 | pages=816–826 | ref=harv|quote=The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rafferty |first1=Jason |title=Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |date=October 2018 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=e20182162 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |accessdate=23 July 2019|quote=Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.|doi=10.1542/peds.2018-2162 |pmid=30224363 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Hembree_et_al">{{cite journal |last1=Hembree |first1=Wylie C |last2=Cohen-Kettenis |first2=Peggy T |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Hannema |first4=Sabine E |last5=Meyer |first5=Walter J |last6=Murad |first6=M Hassan |last7=Rosenthal |first7=Stephen M |last8=Safer |first8=Joshua D |last9=Tangpricha |first9=Vin |last10=T'Sjoen |first10=Guy G |title=Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=November 2017 |volume=102 |issue=11 |page=3881|quote=Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains|doi=10.1210/jc.2017-01658 |pmid=28945902 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, a study in the journal ''Pediatrics'' found that access to pubertal suppression during adolescence was associated with a lower odds of lifetime suicidality among transgender people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turban |first1=Jack |title=Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation |journal=Pediatrics |date=February 2020 |volume=145 |issue=2 |page=e2019172 |doi=10.1542/peds.2019-1725 |pmid=31974216 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |accessdate=11 February 2020|pmc=7073269 }}</ref>
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===Change your voice===
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{{main|voice and speech}}
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Many societies recognise certain ranges of vocal communication as being typically "masculine" or "feminine." As a result, a given person's own vocal range can trigger an uncomfortable or distressing feeling of [[gender dysphoria]] in that person. That person may try to alter their vocal range or voice in order to resolve those feelings.
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There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz <ref>''Adler et al 2006, Andrews 1999, Gelfer et al 2000, Spencer 1998, Wolfe et al 1990''</ref>.
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===Hair gain===
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Some nonbinary people want more facial and body hair. Nonbinary people who are on the female-to-male transition spectrum can take [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] to grow more facial and body hair. This gives them the same amount of facial and body hair that they would have had if they had been [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]]. People who aren't taking hormones can simulate facial and body hair by makeup methods, though these tend to be more effective for stage performance, rather than in everyday activities that are seen up close. Makeup methods for this include using makeup, sticking tiny hair clippings to their skin with gum arabic, and using mascara on existing hairs. These makeup methods are popular with [[drag|drag kings and male impersonation performers]].
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Some nonbinary people want to avoid, halt, or reverse male-pattern hair loss. People who are on the male-to-female transition spectrum can take [[feminizing hormone therapy]] to halt male-pattern hair loss. In the future, people who prefer to take masculinizing hormone therapy may be able to choose a version of it that might have less risk of causing male-pattern hair loss, called [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators]] (SARMs). SARMs are not yet officially available. Once male-pattern hair loss has happened, it can't be reversed. Surgical treatments for male-pattern hair loss try to move the hairline, or move hair into the place where it is needed. Non-surgical treatments for it include [[wigs and hairpieces]].
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===Hair removal===
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Some nonbinary people want to hide or get rid of some or all of their facial and body hair. Temporary methods for this include bleaching, shaving, plucking, threading, waxing, topical treatments, or using an epilator. Laser hair removal and intense pulsed light are more permanent. Electrolysis is the most permanent.
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===Prevent or undo breast development===
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{{main|top surgery}}
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Some nonbinary people want or prefer to have a flat, masculine chest. For transgender children and teens, going on a prescription medicine called [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or pause puberty, which prevents or reduces the amount of breast growth they would have. The effects of puberty blockers are temporary, so breast growth will resume whenever the person stops taking that medicine. For people who have already had breast growth, going on [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[testosterone]] may reduce breast size just a little bit, if at all, but it does not get rid of breasts. There are also nonbinary people who go on [[feminizing hormone therapy]] in order to get other body changes that they want, but who do not want breasts. Wearing a well-fitted sports [[bra]] or [[binding|binder]] can reduce how large the breasts look, and temporarily make a flat, masculine chest shape. The only way to permanently get rid of breasts is through surgery. Surgery to take away the entire breast is called mastectomy. For transgender men and transmasculine people, mastectomy is also called masculine chest reconstruction, to emphasize that they don't see it as a loss, but as fixing a problem.
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==== Mastectomy or masculine chest reconstruction ====
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Mastectomy for trans people is not as painful or traumatic as mastectomy to remove breast cancer or lumps, because the latter usually has to remove lymph nodes. For trans people, mastectomy is a short, single-stage procedure done under general anesthesia at a cosmetic surgery clinic or hospital. The patient goes home the same day. The recovery process depends on which method for mastectomy the patient had.
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==== Breast reduction ====
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Some transgender and/or nonbinary people have larger breasts than they want. If the temporary methods such as sports bras and binders do not meet their needs, then they may prefer to get surgery to reduce the size of their breasts. The variety of methods for breast reduction are very similar to those for mastectomy described above. Larger breasts or those that need to go down more sizes will be reduced by the T-anchor method. Breasts that only need to be a little smaller can be reduced by the peri-areolar or keyhole method. Breast reduction is also commonly sought by men and women who seek a smaller breast area for a variety of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions|last1=Wade|first1=Lisa|last2=Marx Ferree|first2=Myra|year=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=23}}</ref>
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==== Preventing breasts from developing ====
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Some nonbinary people who have not yet developed any breasts already know that they do not want to have any. If they can prevent their breasts from developing in the first place, then they will not have to get surgery to remove them. If someone knows that developing breasts would be a significant source of distress ([[gender dysphoria]]), then preventing breast development can be better for their longterm mental health.
* [[Breast ironing]] is a non-surgical procedure that attempts to destroy the breast bud, so that breasts cannot develop.
* For children and teens, [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or temporarily stop the development of breasts for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people who are on the female-to-male spectrum, or whose bodies do not naturally produce much testosterone: taking [[Testosterone]] or otherwise being on a [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can prevent or temporarily stop the development of breasts, for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people on the male-to-female spectrum, or people whose bodies do not naturally produce much estrogen, some types of [[feminizing hormone therapy]] make it possible for someone to have a feminine appearance without developing breasts.
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===Growing breasts===
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Some nonbinary people want to have breasts. For people who are developing breasts without having to take any hormone therapy, breasts can continue to grow during puberty until about the mid-20s. For people who take [[feminizing hormone therapy]], this causes the exact same kind of breast development as happens naturally for women, just not necessarily at the same age. If either of these processes has finished, and the person still wants to have larger breasts than what they have, then they have a variety of options, non-surgical and surgical. They can temporarily make their breasts look larger by wearing a more supportive [[bra]], a push-up bra, or padded bra. They can wear [[breast prostheses]], also called fake breasts. For people who want to permanently make their breasts larger, then they have the option to get [[breast augmentation]] surgery.
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===Preventing periods===
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Periods are often a source of distressing [[gender dysphoria]] for nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]]. There are several ways of preventing periods:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carswell|first=Jeremi M.|last2=Roberts|first2=Stephanie A.|date=December 2017|title=Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|journal=Transgender Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=195–201|doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|issn=2380-193X|pmc=PMC5684657|pmid=29142910}}</ref>
* [[Transmasculine hormone therapy]], such as [[Testosterone]]: Testosterone will prevent periods (although the changes won't be immediate).
* [[Progestogens]], such as birth control pills: these will also prevent (or, at least, decrease) periods, although they are not as effective as testosterone. However, they won't cause masculinisation.
* [[Aromatase inhibitors]]: aromatase inhibitors increase the testosterone that is already found in any person's body. However, it has menopausal-like side effects (such as fatigue, headache, etc.).
* [[Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators]]: SERMs are not commonly used on transmaculine people for this purpose, as they also cause menopausal-like side effects.
* GnRH agonists: also known as "[[puberty blockers]]" within the transgender community, they are not recommended as a long-term solution, as they cause poor bone health.
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Methods for permanently stopping menstrual bleeding which are not a form of hormone therapy include [[uterine ablation]], in which the inside of the uterus is cauterized to prevent it from developing or shedding uterine lining, and [[hysterectomy]], the surgical removal of the uterus. Neither of these necessarily prevent other symptoms of menstrual cycles, such as mood swings during premenstruation.
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===Preventing pregnancy===
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Some nonbinary people do not want to be able to get pregnant, or to get others pregnant, and the possibility is a cause of distressing [[gender dysphoria]]. There are a variety of ways to temporarily prevent pregnancy, such as [[birth control]]. For those who are certain that they never want to get pregnant, or who have already had as many children as they want, there are permanent methods of [[sterilization]], such as [[vasectomy]] for people who have testicles, and [[tubal ligation]] for people who have a uterus.
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===Masculinizing hormone therapy===
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Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as men. [[Masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[Testosterone]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that men went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a man (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have more muscle, and where the body stores fat) and having no period. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing more facial and body hair, and getting a lower voice. Masculinizing hormone therapy does not stop a person from being able to get pregnant.
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===Feminizing hormone therapy===
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Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as women. [[Feminizing hormone therapy]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that women went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a woman (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have less muscle, and where the body stores fat), and some changes to the genitals and sexual responses. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing breasts. Feminizing hormone therapy does not make a person's [[voice]] get higher.
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===Hormone therapy to seem androgynous===
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Some nonbinary people want to look and sound in such a way that most people can't categorize them as a man or a woman. There is no one widely recognized hormone therapy for this. Possible options for people who want to suppress both masculinizing and femininizing hormones at the same time are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Sex-hormone_antagonists_alone Mad Gender Science Wiki].
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===Changing the genitals and reproductive organs===
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{{main|bottom surgery}}
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Some nonbinary people want to make various kinds of changes to their genitals and reproductive organs. [[Hormone therapy]] can make some kinds of changes. For example, [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can make a clitoris more like a penis, and [[feminizing hormone therapy]] can make a penis more like a clitoris. Hormone therapy can't make dramatic changes to the size of these organs, can't change where the urethra (pee hole) is located, can't cause or undo the descent of testicles, and can't change a person's ability to get pregnant. Many kinds of surgery to the genitals and reproductive organs is called [[bottom surgery]]. For nonbinary people who want their genitals to be more like those of [[cisgender women]] or [[cisgender men]], there are surgeries for those. For nonbinary people who have more unique goals for their genitals, there are surgeries for those, such as having both a penis and a vagina, or having a vulva without a vagina, or having [[genital nullification|no genitals]]..
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===Changing face shape===
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Some nonbinary people want their face to have a more feminine, masculine, or androgynous shape. [[Hormone therapy]] has effects on face shape. Makeup can also create the illusion of different face shapes. People who find that this is not enough, especially those on the female-to-male spectrum, may seek [[facial surgery]].
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==See also==
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==Источники==
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==External links and further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730063826/http://openmindedhealth.com/transgender-101-trans-people/ Trans 101 for Trans People] has a nearly comprehensive list of physical transition options for trans people of all kinds, with lots of information about each.
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==References==
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<references />

[[Category:Transition]] [[Category:Gender expression]] [[Category:Concepts]]

[[de:transition]]

Transition/pl

2026-06-07T01:03:01Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Personal story
| quote = Widzę zmianę płci jako typ odrodzenia, reinkarnację w naszym życiu. Może być bolesna, i musimy puścić przeszłość, która nas przytłacza. Ale nadał możemy nieść ze sobą te pozytywne części przeszłości z nami, cenić wszystko co możemy, niezależnie od płci.
| name = Cora
| age = 37
| identity = Osoba niebinarna
}}
'''Zmiana płci ''' to określenie który opisuje proces, gdzie osoby, które zwykle doświadczają [[dysforii płciowej]], przechodzą przez by dotrzeć do swojej pożądanej roli społecznej, lub/i fizyczności; nie ma jednej definicji na zmianę płci, ponieważ określenie te opiera się na niepowtarzalnych wymaganiach danej osoby.

<span id="Healthcare_services"></span>
==Opieka zdrowotna==

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A diagnosis of [[gender dysphoria]] that is congruent with the diagnostic criteria of a recognised 'gender identity disorder' is the typical prerequisite for the treatment of persistent gender dysphoria in those countries which offer such services. Healthcare professionals typically reference either the [http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/Default.aspx Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)] or the [http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ International Classification of Diseases (ICD)] in order to confirm a diagnosis of gender dysphoria.
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Before the 1960s few countries offered safe, legal medical options for people experiencing gender dysphoria and many criminalized gender-nonconforming behaviours or mandated unproven psychiatric treatments. In response to this problem, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association now known as the [http://www.wpath.org/ World Professional Association for Transgender Healthcare (WPATH)] authored one of the earliest sets of clinical guidelines for the express purpose of ensuring "lasting personal comfort with the gendered self in order to maximize overall psychological well-being and self-fulfilment". The WPATH 'Standards of Care' are the most widespread clinical guidelines used by professionals working with transsexual, transgender, or gender variant people, and have undergone several revisions since its initial publication. Traditionally these guidelines have been structured in relation to the Transsexualism diagnosis and as such have presented a dilemma for non-transsexual individuals who have been unable to meet the eligibility criteria for medical treatment.
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In [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01542067 'Archives of Sexual Behaviour (Volume 16), "Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria"' (1987)], Dr Ray Blanchard (who served on the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders) wrote, ''"(there is a) well-recognized tendency of applicants for sex reassignment surgery to distort their histories in the direction of 'classic' transsexualism in an effort to gain approval for such surgery"''.
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====Gender dysphoria Vs. Gender Identity Disorder====
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: ''Main article: [[Gender dysphoria]]''
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The diagnosis of 'Transsexualism' was introduced in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-III) compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980 for individuals who had experienced a minimum of two years of continuous interest in reconstructing their sex-physicality and assigned gendered identity. The criteria of the diagnosis focused on individuals whose identities resembled a male-to-female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM) paradigm. Others experiencing gender dysphoria, but whose identities did not fit the MTF/FTM paradigms could be diagnosed with 'Adulthood Nontranssexual Type', or 'Gender Identity Disorder: Not Otherwise Specified' (GIDNOS). In 1994 the DSM-IV committee replaced the transsexual diagnosis; for individuals with MTF/FTM type identities a diagnosis of 'Gender Identity Disorder' (GID) would be applied instead. The diagnostic criteria of GIDNOS was left undefined, bar that the diagnosis be given to those whose 'gender identity disorder' cannot be defined within a MTF or FTM paradigm. Though a gender dysphoric nonbinary individual may use the term 'transsexual' to describe themselves, they are not considered to be transsexual within a clinical context.
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The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in May 2013 which replaced the gender identity disorders with Gender Dysphoria[http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx]. "The new revisions for the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis in the DSM-5 are mostly positive. However they do not go nearly far enough. The change in title from Gender Identity Disorder (intended by its authors to mean “disordered” gender identity) to Gender Dysphoria (from a Greek root for distress) is a significant step forward. It represents a historic shift from gender identities that differ from birth assignment to distress with gender assignment and associated sex characteristics as the focus of the problem to be treated... In another positive change, the Gender Dysphoria category has been moved from the Sexual Disorders chapter of the DSM to a new chapter of its own. Non-binary queer-spectrum identities and expression are now acknowledged in the diagnostic criteria... However, the fundamental problem remains that the need for medical transition treatment is still classed as a mental disorder. In the diagnostic criteria, desire for transition care is itself cast as symptomatic of mental illness, unfortunately reinforcing gender-reparative psychotherapies which suppress expression of this “desire” into the closet. The diagnostic criteria still contradict transition and still describe transition itself as symptomatic of mental illness. The criteria for children retain much of the archaic sexist language of the DSM-IV-TR that psychopathologizes gender nonconformity. Moreover, children who have happily socially transitioned are maligned by misgendering language in the new diagnosis. More troubling is false-positive diagnosis for those who have happily completed transition. Thus, the GD diagnosis, and its controversial post-transition specifier, continue to contradict the proven efficacy of medical transition treatments. This contradiction may be used to support gender conversion/reparative psychotherapies – practices described as no longer ethical in the current WPATH Standards of Care"[http://gidreform.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/gid-reform-in-the-dsm-5-and-icd-11-a-status-update/].
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====U.K.====
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: ''Main article: [[Nonbinary healthcare (UK)]]''
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Historically, eligibility criteria for medical treatment has presented a barrier for nonbinary individuals, specifically the 'real life test' (RLT) component which was later renamed the 'real life experience' (RLE). The website of the London NHS gender identity clinic states, ''"There is a two year Real Life Experience (RLE) of living in the reassigned gender role at the GIC for people who want to have genital reconstruction surgery (GRS). This is dated from the start of full-time gender role transition after which they can be assessed for referral for GRS. The RLE includes at least a year in some form of agreed occupational activities."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20140901175724/http://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/gi/gender-identity-clinic/frequently-asked-questions/]. Nonbinary individuals requesting genital reconstruction surgery (GRS) are generally unable to satisfy clinicians in relation to the RLE criteria as there is little [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209151923/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Recognition_(UK) social] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20170209083236/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Legal_gender#UK legal recognition] of the nonbinary demographic. On the 1st December 2010, the University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies hosted the final public forum in its series on gender and radical biomedical advances, ''“Transitioning gender: the challenges of radical technologies”'', in association with the Guardian and supported by Cambridge University Press [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/audio/2010/dec/07/transitioning-gender-radical-technologies-debate]. One of the speakers was Dr Richard Green, former research director and consultant psychiatrist of the London NHS gender identity clinic, who referenced ''“third gender or no-gender person(s)”'' seeking surgery to ''“remove breasts or male genitalia”'' and calls this a ''“medical '''dilemma for physicians because there’s no real life experience'''. Its either surgery, or not”''.
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''“...Young people are eligible for treatment in the adult NHS clinics (once they are 18 years old) or by private practitioners (from 16 years old)”'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-01-17 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310110222/http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>.
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==Changing your name==
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: ''Main article: [[Names]]''
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{{Personal story
| quote = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Introducing myself to people is less "Hi, my name is __" and more "Hi, my name is __, and by the way I'm here to break your fundamental understanding of your world and how it works." Every introduction, every interaction, I have to make a choice on whether to correct people, whether to explain things. Sometimes it's just not worth it.</span>
| age = 26
| identity = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Genderqueer</span>
}}
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In most societies, a personal name is a fundamental component of social identity. The naming of infants by humans throughout history has typically followed local cultural traditions which have emphasised familial connections, also commonly inferring that the owner of a given name is either 'male' or 'female'. Many individuals go on to adopt an alternative to their birth-name, or replace it altogether; individuals experiencing gender dysphoria may regard such an act as constituting the whole, or part, of their transition.
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Changing one's name within an everyday social context can be as simple as informing others of one's choice. However, in societies with a complex legal system (or equivalent), there can be conditions that place limitations on the individual's right to self determination, which can be especially problematic for [[nonbinary]] individuals. For example, in Germany the Standesamt (Office of Vital Statistics) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-01-17 |archive-date=2021-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920205748/https://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> typically refuses to recognise in German civil registration law names that are gender-ambiguous; a given name must indicate that the owner is either 'male' or 'female'.
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=====State of Address=====
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: ''Main article: [[Gender neutral titles]]''
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Many societies formally recognise various states of address (commonly referred to as ones 'title'), which in many instances indicate a 'male' or 'female' identity; such as 'Mr' in the English vocabulary, 'Madame' in French, and so on. Many individuals changing their name as part of their transition also change their state of address, or attempt to remove such references from their personal identity documentation altogether.
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Some individuals adopt a gender neutral title such as 'Mx', 'Misc', or 'Pr'. For the most part, gender neutral titles without qualification/career connotations are not recognised by the general public or businesses/organisations. Activists and supporters are working toward awareness and acceptance of alternative titles. For some nonbinary folk, being referred to with a gendered title can trigger [[gender dysphoria]].
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=====Personal pronouns=====
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: ''Main article: [[Pronouns]]''
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Pronouns are a part of language used to refer to someone or something without using proper nouns. Proper nouns are the names for things - for example, "Pat" for a person or "Husky Tower" for a downtown building. The most common use of pronouns in the singular of the English language for people is gendered - for example, he/him/his for men and she/her/her for women. However, there is an increasing demand for singular gender neutral pronouns, such as they/them/their in the singular or the Spivak set, ey/em/eir.
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==Changing your presentation==
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: ''Main article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129205539/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Nonbinary#Nonbinary_presentation_and_expression Nonbinary presentation and expression]''
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Some nonbinary individuals intentionally present an [[androgyny|androgynous]] or [[gender neutral]] personal aesthetic by removing, replacing, or blending [[gender cues]] in their general presentation. For many, adopting such a personal aesthetic can ease the symptoms of [[gender dysphoria]], while others may be motivated primarily by a desire to make a political statement; each individual typically has their own unique reasons for adopting any particular 'look'. However, it is no more true to state that 'all nonbinary individuals want to appear androgynous' than it is to state that 'all women want to appear feminine'. Though they may not apply [[binary genders|binary gender]] stereotyping to their own presentation, some nonbinary individuals seek a personal aesthetic that is considered by their own culture as being variously congruent with binary stereotypes, the affected nonbinary individual may then experience gender dysphoria triggered by the resulting cognitive dissonance.
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Public reactions to individuals whose presentation, for whatever reason(s), appears to challenge binary-gender stereotypes varies widely. Some models, musicians, and other celebrities are known internationally and celebrated specifically for having an androgynous appearance (see [[notable nonbinary people]]). Meanwhile, many people receive negative reactions for challenging binary-gender stereotypes. Safety is a concern for many nonbinary individuals attempting to transition to a socially visible nonbinary status.
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==Changing your legal identity==
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: ''Main article: [[Legal gender]]''
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The majority of contemporary national legal systems operate according to a standard wherein each citizen must be registered as either 'male' or 'female', however an actual definition of those terms may be lacking in legislation. For example in Britain the terms 'male' and 'female' are not mentioned in registration law, the individual is solely referred to as either 'person' or 'the child' although there are some gendered references such as 'mother', 'father', etc. However, the terms (male or female) are usually required to be visible on personal identity documentation which is necessary to access many essential public services.
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India recognises one of its trans demographics ([[Hijra]]) in law, giving them a status besides 'male' and 'female' in legal documentation, however as the rest of the legal system is designed to accommodate only 'male' and 'female' citizenship the Hijras' legal recognition can at times prevent affected individuals from enjoying the equality their legal status was originally intended to secure.
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==Physical changes==
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Just as with other kinds of transgender people, some nonbinary individuals want to make certain kinds of changes to their bodies. This can be in order to relieve a distressing sense of [[gender dysphoria]], or for practical reasons, or by personal choice. This article tells about some kinds of changes that some nonbinary people can want, and practical things they can do to achieve those changes. Physical gender transition is never "one size fits all." A nonbinary person does not have to make all or any of these changes in order to be nonbinary. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones and get surgery, and there are nonbinary people who only go on hormones without getting surgery. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones temporarily, in order to try to get some changes they want, and avoid some changes they don't want. There are nonbinary people who do not change their bodies at all, because they do not feel a need to do so.
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===Postpone or temporarily suspend puberty===
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{{main|puberty blockers}}
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Puberty blockers are drugs that postpone or temporarily suspend puberty in children and teenagers. They are used for [[transgender]] children, including those who identify as [[nonbinary]], to stop the development of features that they consider to mark the wrong sex,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Jaime|last2=Gomez-Lobo|first2=Veronica|last3=Pine-Twaddell|first3=Elyse|date=2015-12-01|title=Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=136|issue=6|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1542/peds.2015-2849|issn=0031-4005|pmid=26527547|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |title=Looking at suppressing puberty for transgender kids |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |title=Transgender Youth Using Puberty Blockers |publisher=[[KQED]] |date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> with the intent to provide transgender youth more time to explore their identity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alegría|first=Christine Aramburu|date=2016-10-01|title=Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice|journal=Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=521–527|doi= 10.1002/2327-6924.12363|pmid=27031444|issn=2327-6924}}</ref> the studies that have been conducted indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.<ref name="lancet_pubertyblockers">{{cite journal | last=Mahfouda | first=Simone | last2=Moore | first2=Julia K | last3=Siafarikas | first3=Aris | last4=Zepf | first4=Florian D | last5=Lin | first5=Ashleigh | title=Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents | journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=5 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=2213-8587 | doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 | pmid=28546095 | pages=816–826 | ref=harv|quote=The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rafferty |first1=Jason |title=Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |date=October 2018 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=e20182162 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |accessdate=23 July 2019|quote=Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.|doi=10.1542/peds.2018-2162 |pmid=30224363 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Hembree_et_al">{{cite journal |last1=Hembree |first1=Wylie C |last2=Cohen-Kettenis |first2=Peggy T |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Hannema |first4=Sabine E |last5=Meyer |first5=Walter J |last6=Murad |first6=M Hassan |last7=Rosenthal |first7=Stephen M |last8=Safer |first8=Joshua D |last9=Tangpricha |first9=Vin |last10=T'Sjoen |first10=Guy G |title=Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=November 2017 |volume=102 |issue=11 |page=3881|quote=Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains|doi=10.1210/jc.2017-01658 |pmid=28945902 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, a study in the journal ''Pediatrics'' found that access to pubertal suppression during adolescence was associated with a lower odds of lifetime suicidality among transgender people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turban |first1=Jack |title=Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation |journal=Pediatrics |date=February 2020 |volume=145 |issue=2 |page=e2019172 |doi=10.1542/peds.2019-1725 |pmid=31974216 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |accessdate=11 February 2020|pmc=7073269 }}</ref>
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===Change your voice===
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{{main|voice and speech}}
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Many societies recognise certain ranges of vocal communication as being typically "masculine" or "feminine." As a result, a given person's own vocal range can trigger an uncomfortable or distressing feeling of [[gender dysphoria]] in that person. That person may try to alter their vocal range or voice in order to resolve those feelings.
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There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz <ref>''Adler et al 2006, Andrews 1999, Gelfer et al 2000, Spencer 1998, Wolfe et al 1990''</ref>.
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===Hair gain===
{{main|hair gain}}
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Some nonbinary people want more facial and body hair. Nonbinary people who are on the female-to-male transition spectrum can take [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] to grow more facial and body hair. This gives them the same amount of facial and body hair that they would have had if they had been [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]]. People who aren't taking hormones can simulate facial and body hair by makeup methods, though these tend to be more effective for stage performance, rather than in everyday activities that are seen up close. Makeup methods for this include using makeup, sticking tiny hair clippings to their skin with gum arabic, and using mascara on existing hairs. These makeup methods are popular with [[drag|drag kings and male impersonation performers]].
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Some nonbinary people want to avoid, halt, or reverse male-pattern hair loss. People who are on the male-to-female transition spectrum can take [[feminizing hormone therapy]] to halt male-pattern hair loss. In the future, people who prefer to take masculinizing hormone therapy may be able to choose a version of it that might have less risk of causing male-pattern hair loss, called [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators]] (SARMs). SARMs are not yet officially available. Once male-pattern hair loss has happened, it can't be reversed. Surgical treatments for male-pattern hair loss try to move the hairline, or move hair into the place where it is needed. Non-surgical treatments for it include [[wigs and hairpieces]].
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===Hair removal===
{{main|hair removal}}
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Some nonbinary people want to hide or get rid of some or all of their facial and body hair. Temporary methods for this include bleaching, shaving, plucking, threading, waxing, topical treatments, or using an epilator. Laser hair removal and intense pulsed light are more permanent. Electrolysis is the most permanent.
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===Prevent or undo breast development===
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{{main|top surgery}}
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Some nonbinary people want or prefer to have a flat, masculine chest. For transgender children and teens, going on a prescription medicine called [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or pause puberty, which prevents or reduces the amount of breast growth they would have. The effects of puberty blockers are temporary, so breast growth will resume whenever the person stops taking that medicine. For people who have already had breast growth, going on [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[testosterone]] may reduce breast size just a little bit, if at all, but it does not get rid of breasts. There are also nonbinary people who go on [[feminizing hormone therapy]] in order to get other body changes that they want, but who do not want breasts. Wearing a well-fitted sports [[bra]] or [[binding|binder]] can reduce how large the breasts look, and temporarily make a flat, masculine chest shape. The only way to permanently get rid of breasts is through surgery. Surgery to take away the entire breast is called mastectomy. For transgender men and transmasculine people, mastectomy is also called masculine chest reconstruction, to emphasize that they don't see it as a loss, but as fixing a problem.
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==== Mastectomy or masculine chest reconstruction ====
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{{main|mastectomy}}
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Mastectomy for trans people is not as painful or traumatic as mastectomy to remove breast cancer or lumps, because the latter usually has to remove lymph nodes. For trans people, mastectomy is a short, single-stage procedure done under general anesthesia at a cosmetic surgery clinic or hospital. The patient goes home the same day. The recovery process depends on which method for mastectomy the patient had.
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==== Breast reduction ====
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{{main|top surgery}}
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Some transgender and/or nonbinary people have larger breasts than they want. If the temporary methods such as sports bras and binders do not meet their needs, then they may prefer to get surgery to reduce the size of their breasts. The variety of methods for breast reduction are very similar to those for mastectomy described above. Larger breasts or those that need to go down more sizes will be reduced by the T-anchor method. Breasts that only need to be a little smaller can be reduced by the peri-areolar or keyhole method. Breast reduction is also commonly sought by men and women who seek a smaller breast area for a variety of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions|last1=Wade|first1=Lisa|last2=Marx Ferree|first2=Myra|year=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=23}}</ref>
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==== Preventing breasts from developing ====
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Some nonbinary people who have not yet developed any breasts already know that they do not want to have any. If they can prevent their breasts from developing in the first place, then they will not have to get surgery to remove them. If someone knows that developing breasts would be a significant source of distress ([[gender dysphoria]]), then preventing breast development can be better for their longterm mental health.
* [[Breast ironing]] is a non-surgical procedure that attempts to destroy the breast bud, so that breasts cannot develop.
* For children and teens, [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or temporarily stop the development of breasts for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people who are on the female-to-male spectrum, or whose bodies do not naturally produce much testosterone: taking [[Testosterone]] or otherwise being on a [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can prevent or temporarily stop the development of breasts, for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people on the male-to-female spectrum, or people whose bodies do not naturally produce much estrogen, some types of [[feminizing hormone therapy]] make it possible for someone to have a feminine appearance without developing breasts.
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===Growing breasts===
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Some nonbinary people want to have breasts. For people who are developing breasts without having to take any hormone therapy, breasts can continue to grow during puberty until about the mid-20s. For people who take [[feminizing hormone therapy]], this causes the exact same kind of breast development as happens naturally for women, just not necessarily at the same age. If either of these processes has finished, and the person still wants to have larger breasts than what they have, then they have a variety of options, non-surgical and surgical. They can temporarily make their breasts look larger by wearing a more supportive [[bra]], a push-up bra, or padded bra. They can wear [[breast prostheses]], also called fake breasts. For people who want to permanently make their breasts larger, then they have the option to get [[breast augmentation]] surgery.
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===Preventing periods===
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{{main|menstruation}}
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Periods are often a source of distressing [[gender dysphoria]] for nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]]. There are several ways of preventing periods:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carswell|first=Jeremi M.|last2=Roberts|first2=Stephanie A.|date=December 2017|title=Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|journal=Transgender Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=195–201|doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|issn=2380-193X|pmc=PMC5684657|pmid=29142910}}</ref>
* [[Transmasculine hormone therapy]], such as [[Testosterone]]: Testosterone will prevent periods (although the changes won't be immediate).
* [[Progestogens]], such as birth control pills: these will also prevent (or, at least, decrease) periods, although they are not as effective as testosterone. However, they won't cause masculinisation.
* [[Aromatase inhibitors]]: aromatase inhibitors increase the testosterone that is already found in any person's body. However, it has menopausal-like side effects (such as fatigue, headache, etc.).
* [[Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators]]: SERMs are not commonly used on transmaculine people for this purpose, as they also cause menopausal-like side effects.
* GnRH agonists: also known as "[[puberty blockers]]" within the transgender community, they are not recommended as a long-term solution, as they cause poor bone health.
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Methods for permanently stopping menstrual bleeding which are not a form of hormone therapy include [[uterine ablation]], in which the inside of the uterus is cauterized to prevent it from developing or shedding uterine lining, and [[hysterectomy]], the surgical removal of the uterus. Neither of these necessarily prevent other symptoms of menstrual cycles, such as mood swings during premenstruation.
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===Preventing pregnancy===
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Some nonbinary people do not want to be able to get pregnant, or to get others pregnant, and the possibility is a cause of distressing [[gender dysphoria]]. There are a variety of ways to temporarily prevent pregnancy, such as [[birth control]]. For those who are certain that they never want to get pregnant, or who have already had as many children as they want, there are permanent methods of [[sterilization]], such as [[vasectomy]] for people who have testicles, and [[tubal ligation]] for people who have a uterus.
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===Masculinizing hormone therapy===
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{{main|masculinizing hormone therapy}}
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Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as men. [[Masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[Testosterone]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that men went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a man (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have more muscle, and where the body stores fat) and having no period. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing more facial and body hair, and getting a lower voice. Masculinizing hormone therapy does not stop a person from being able to get pregnant.
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===Feminizing hormone therapy===
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{{main|feminizing hormone therapy}}
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Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as women. [[Feminizing hormone therapy]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that women went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a woman (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have less muscle, and where the body stores fat), and some changes to the genitals and sexual responses. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing breasts. Feminizing hormone therapy does not make a person's [[voice]] get higher.
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===Hormone therapy to seem androgynous===
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{{main|hormone therapy}}
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Some nonbinary people want to look and sound in such a way that most people can't categorize them as a man or a woman. There is no one widely recognized hormone therapy for this. Possible options for people who want to suppress both masculinizing and femininizing hormones at the same time are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Sex-hormone_antagonists_alone Mad Gender Science Wiki].
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===Changing the genitals and reproductive organs===
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{{main|bottom surgery}}
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Some nonbinary people want to make various kinds of changes to their genitals and reproductive organs. [[Hormone therapy]] can make some kinds of changes. For example, [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can make a clitoris more like a penis, and [[feminizing hormone therapy]] can make a penis more like a clitoris. Hormone therapy can't make dramatic changes to the size of these organs, can't change where the urethra (pee hole) is located, can't cause or undo the descent of testicles, and can't change a person's ability to get pregnant. Many kinds of surgery to the genitals and reproductive organs is called [[bottom surgery]]. For nonbinary people who want their genitals to be more like those of [[cisgender women]] or [[cisgender men]], there are surgeries for those. For nonbinary people who have more unique goals for their genitals, there are surgeries for those, such as having both a penis and a vagina, or having a vulva without a vagina, or having [[genital nullification|no genitals]]..
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===Changing face shape===
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Some nonbinary people want their face to have a more feminine, masculine, or androgynous shape. [[Hormone therapy]] has effects on face shape. Makeup can also create the illusion of different face shapes. People who find that this is not enough, especially those on the female-to-male spectrum, may seek [[facial surgery]].
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==See also==
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*''[[Practical resources]]'' for a list of related topics not covered in this article, such as [[coming out]], relationships, [[intimacy]], etc.
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==External links and further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730063826/http://openmindedhealth.com/transgender-101-trans-people/ Trans 101 for Trans People] has a nearly comprehensive list of physical transition options for trans people of all kinds, with lots of information about each.
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==References==
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<references />

[[Category:Transition]] [[Category:Gender expression]] [[Category:Concepts]]

[[de:transition]]

Transition/en

2026-06-07T01:02:59Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Personal story
| quote = I see transition as a type of rebirth, a reincarnation within our lives. It can be painful, and we need to let go of the past which weighs us down. But we can still carry the positive with us, value everything we can, regardless of gender.
| name = Cora
| age = 37
| identity = Nonbinary
}}
'''Transition '''is a term that is used to describe the process that individuals typically experiencing [[gender dysphoria]] go through to reach their desired social role, and/or physicality; there is no single definition of transition as the term is based on the unique requirements of each individual.

==Healthcare services==

A diagnosis of [[gender dysphoria]] that is congruent with the diagnostic criteria of a recognised 'gender identity disorder' is the typical prerequisite for the treatment of persistent gender dysphoria in those countries which offer such services. Healthcare professionals typically reference either the [http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/Default.aspx Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)] or the [http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ International Classification of Diseases (ICD)] in order to confirm a diagnosis of gender dysphoria.

Before the 1960s few countries offered safe, legal medical options for people experiencing gender dysphoria and many criminalized gender-nonconforming behaviours or mandated unproven psychiatric treatments. In response to this problem, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association now known as the [http://www.wpath.org/ World Professional Association for Transgender Healthcare (WPATH)] authored one of the earliest sets of clinical guidelines for the express purpose of ensuring "lasting personal comfort with the gendered self in order to maximize overall psychological well-being and self-fulfilment". The WPATH 'Standards of Care' are the most widespread clinical guidelines used by professionals working with transsexual, transgender, or gender variant people, and have undergone several revisions since its initial publication. Traditionally these guidelines have been structured in relation to the Transsexualism diagnosis and as such have presented a dilemma for non-transsexual individuals who have been unable to meet the eligibility criteria for medical treatment.

In [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01542067 'Archives of Sexual Behaviour (Volume 16), "Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria"' (1987)], Dr Ray Blanchard (who served on the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders) wrote, ''"(there is a) well-recognized tendency of applicants for sex reassignment surgery to distort their histories in the direction of 'classic' transsexualism in an effort to gain approval for such surgery"''.

====Gender dysphoria Vs. Gender Identity Disorder====

: ''Main article: [[Gender dysphoria]]''

The diagnosis of 'Transsexualism' was introduced in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-III) compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980 for individuals who had experienced a minimum of two years of continuous interest in reconstructing their sex-physicality and assigned gendered identity. The criteria of the diagnosis focused on individuals whose identities resembled a male-to-female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM) paradigm. Others experiencing gender dysphoria, but whose identities did not fit the MTF/FTM paradigms could be diagnosed with 'Adulthood Nontranssexual Type', or 'Gender Identity Disorder: Not Otherwise Specified' (GIDNOS). In 1994 the DSM-IV committee replaced the transsexual diagnosis; for individuals with MTF/FTM type identities a diagnosis of 'Gender Identity Disorder' (GID) would be applied instead. The diagnostic criteria of GIDNOS was left undefined, bar that the diagnosis be given to those whose 'gender identity disorder' cannot be defined within a MTF or FTM paradigm. Though a gender dysphoric nonbinary individual may use the term 'transsexual' to describe themselves, they are not considered to be transsexual within a clinical context.

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in May 2013 which replaced the gender identity disorders with Gender Dysphoria[http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx]. "The new revisions for the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis in the DSM-5 are mostly positive. However they do not go nearly far enough. The change in title from Gender Identity Disorder (intended by its authors to mean “disordered” gender identity) to Gender Dysphoria (from a Greek root for distress) is a significant step forward. It represents a historic shift from gender identities that differ from birth assignment to distress with gender assignment and associated sex characteristics as the focus of the problem to be treated... In another positive change, the Gender Dysphoria category has been moved from the Sexual Disorders chapter of the DSM to a new chapter of its own. Non-binary queer-spectrum identities and expression are now acknowledged in the diagnostic criteria... However, the fundamental problem remains that the need for medical transition treatment is still classed as a mental disorder. In the diagnostic criteria, desire for transition care is itself cast as symptomatic of mental illness, unfortunately reinforcing gender-reparative psychotherapies which suppress expression of this “desire” into the closet. The diagnostic criteria still contradict transition and still describe transition itself as symptomatic of mental illness. The criteria for children retain much of the archaic sexist language of the DSM-IV-TR that psychopathologizes gender nonconformity. Moreover, children who have happily socially transitioned are maligned by misgendering language in the new diagnosis. More troubling is false-positive diagnosis for those who have happily completed transition. Thus, the GD diagnosis, and its controversial post-transition specifier, continue to contradict the proven efficacy of medical transition treatments. This contradiction may be used to support gender conversion/reparative psychotherapies – practices described as no longer ethical in the current WPATH Standards of Care"[http://gidreform.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/gid-reform-in-the-dsm-5-and-icd-11-a-status-update/].

====U.K.====

: ''Main article: [[Nonbinary healthcare (UK)]]''

Historically, eligibility criteria for medical treatment has presented a barrier for nonbinary individuals, specifically the 'real life test' (RLT) component which was later renamed the 'real life experience' (RLE). The website of the London NHS gender identity clinic states, ''"There is a two year Real Life Experience (RLE) of living in the reassigned gender role at the GIC for people who want to have genital reconstruction surgery (GRS). This is dated from the start of full-time gender role transition after which they can be assessed for referral for GRS. The RLE includes at least a year in some form of agreed occupational activities."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20140901175724/http://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/gi/gender-identity-clinic/frequently-asked-questions/]. Nonbinary individuals requesting genital reconstruction surgery (GRS) are generally unable to satisfy clinicians in relation to the RLE criteria as there is little [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209151923/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Recognition_(UK) social] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20170209083236/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Legal_gender#UK legal recognition] of the nonbinary demographic. On the 1st December 2010, the University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies hosted the final public forum in its series on gender and radical biomedical advances, ''“Transitioning gender: the challenges of radical technologies”'', in association with the Guardian and supported by Cambridge University Press [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/audio/2010/dec/07/transitioning-gender-radical-technologies-debate]. One of the speakers was Dr Richard Green, former research director and consultant psychiatrist of the London NHS gender identity clinic, who referenced ''“third gender or no-gender person(s)”'' seeking surgery to ''“remove breasts or male genitalia”'' and calls this a ''“medical '''dilemma for physicians because there’s no real life experience'''. Its either surgery, or not”''.

''“...Young people are eligible for treatment in the adult NHS clinics (once they are 18 years old) or by private practitioners (from 16 years old)”'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-04-13 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310110222/http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>.

==Changing your name==

: ''Main article: [[Names]]''
{{Personal story
| quote = Introducing myself to people is less "Hi, my name is __" and more "Hi, my name is __, and by the way I'm here to break your fundamental understanding of your world and how it works." Every introduction, every interaction, I have to make a choice on whether to correct people, whether to explain things. Sometimes it's just not worth it.
| age = 26
| identity = Genderqueer
}}
In most societies, a personal name is a fundamental component of social identity. The naming of infants by humans throughout history has typically followed local cultural traditions which have emphasised familial connections, also commonly inferring that the owner of a given name is either 'male' or 'female'. Many individuals go on to adopt an alternative to their birth-name, or replace it altogether; individuals experiencing gender dysphoria may regard such an act as constituting the whole, or part, of their transition.

Changing one's name within an everyday social context can be as simple as informing others of one's choice. However, in societies with a complex legal system (or equivalent), there can be conditions that place limitations on the individual's right to self determination, which can be especially problematic for [[nonbinary]] individuals. For example, in Germany the Standesamt (Office of Vital Statistics) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-04-13 |archive-date=2021-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920205748/https://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> typically refuses to recognise in German civil registration law names that are gender-ambiguous; a given name must indicate that the owner is either 'male' or 'female'.

=====State of Address=====

: ''Main article: [[Gender neutral titles]]''

Many societies formally recognise various states of address (commonly referred to as ones 'title'), which in many instances indicate a 'male' or 'female' identity; such as 'Mr' in the English vocabulary, 'Madame' in French, and so on. Many individuals changing their name as part of their transition also change their state of address, or attempt to remove such references from their personal identity documentation altogether.

Some individuals adopt a gender neutral title such as 'Mx', 'Misc', or 'Pr'. For the most part, gender neutral titles without qualification/career connotations are not recognised by the general public or businesses/organisations. Activists and supporters are working toward awareness and acceptance of alternative titles. For some nonbinary folk, being referred to with a gendered title can trigger [[gender dysphoria]].

=====Personal pronouns=====

: ''Main article: [[Pronouns]]''

Pronouns are a part of language used to refer to someone or something without using proper nouns. Proper nouns are the names for things - for example, "Pat" for a person or "Husky Tower" for a downtown building. The most common use of pronouns in the singular of the English language for people is gendered - for example, he/him/his for men and she/her/her for women. However, there is an increasing demand for singular gender neutral pronouns, such as they/them/their in the singular or the Spivak set, ey/em/eir.

==Changing your presentation==

: ''Main article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129205539/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Nonbinary#Nonbinary_presentation_and_expression Nonbinary presentation and expression]''

Some nonbinary individuals intentionally present an [[androgyny|androgynous]] or [[gender neutral]] personal aesthetic by removing, replacing, or blending [[gender cues]] in their general presentation. For many, adopting such a personal aesthetic can ease the symptoms of [[gender dysphoria]], while others may be motivated primarily by a desire to make a political statement; each individual typically has their own unique reasons for adopting any particular 'look'. However, it is no more true to state that 'all nonbinary individuals want to appear androgynous' than it is to state that 'all women want to appear feminine'. Though they may not apply [[binary genders|binary gender]] stereotyping to their own presentation, some nonbinary individuals seek a personal aesthetic that is considered by their own culture as being variously congruent with binary stereotypes, the affected nonbinary individual may then experience gender dysphoria triggered by the resulting cognitive dissonance.

Public reactions to individuals whose presentation, for whatever reason(s), appears to challenge binary-gender stereotypes varies widely. Some models, musicians, and other celebrities are known internationally and celebrated specifically for having an androgynous appearance (see [[notable nonbinary people]]). Meanwhile, many people receive negative reactions for challenging binary-gender stereotypes. Safety is a concern for many nonbinary individuals attempting to transition to a socially visible nonbinary status.

==Changing your legal identity==

: ''Main article: [[Legal gender]]''

The majority of contemporary national legal systems operate according to a standard wherein each citizen must be registered as either 'male' or 'female', however an actual definition of those terms may be lacking in legislation. For example in Britain the terms 'male' and 'female' are not mentioned in registration law, the individual is solely referred to as either 'person' or 'the child' although there are some gendered references such as 'mother', 'father', etc. However, the terms (male or female) are usually required to be visible on personal identity documentation which is necessary to access many essential public services.

India recognises one of its trans demographics ([[Hijra]]) in law, giving them a status besides 'male' and 'female' in legal documentation, however as the rest of the legal system is designed to accommodate only 'male' and 'female' citizenship the Hijras' legal recognition can at times prevent affected individuals from enjoying the equality their legal status was originally intended to secure.

==Physical changes==

Just as with other kinds of transgender people, some nonbinary individuals want to make certain kinds of changes to their bodies. This can be in order to relieve a distressing sense of [[gender dysphoria]], or for practical reasons, or by personal choice. This article tells about some kinds of changes that some nonbinary people can want, and practical things they can do to achieve those changes. Physical gender transition is never "one size fits all." A nonbinary person does not have to make all or any of these changes in order to be nonbinary. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones and get surgery, and there are nonbinary people who only go on hormones without getting surgery. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones temporarily, in order to try to get some changes they want, and avoid some changes they don't want. There are nonbinary people who do not change their bodies at all, because they do not feel a need to do so.

===Postpone or temporarily suspend puberty===

{{main|puberty blockers}}

Puberty blockers are drugs that postpone or temporarily suspend puberty in children and teenagers. They are used for [[transgender]] children, including those who identify as [[nonbinary]], to stop the development of features that they consider to mark the wrong sex,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Jaime|last2=Gomez-Lobo|first2=Veronica|last3=Pine-Twaddell|first3=Elyse|date=2015-12-01|title=Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=136|issue=6|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1542/peds.2015-2849|issn=0031-4005|pmid=26527547|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |title=Looking at suppressing puberty for transgender kids |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |title=Transgender Youth Using Puberty Blockers |publisher=[[KQED]] |date=August 19, 2016}}</ref> with the intent to provide transgender youth more time to explore their identity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alegría|first=Christine Aramburu|date=2016-10-01|title=Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice|journal=Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=521–527|doi= 10.1002/2327-6924.12363|pmid=27031444|issn=2327-6924}}</ref> the studies that have been conducted indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.<ref name="lancet_pubertyblockers">{{cite journal | last=Mahfouda | first=Simone | last2=Moore | first2=Julia K | last3=Siafarikas | first3=Aris | last4=Zepf | first4=Florian D | last5=Lin | first5=Ashleigh | title=Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents | journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=5 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=2213-8587 | doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 | pmid=28546095 | pages=816–826 | ref=harv|quote=The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rafferty |first1=Jason |title=Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |date=October 2018 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=e20182162 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |accessdate=23 July 2019|quote=Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.|doi=10.1542/peds.2018-2162 |pmid=30224363 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Hembree_et_al">{{cite journal |last1=Hembree |first1=Wylie C |last2=Cohen-Kettenis |first2=Peggy T |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Hannema |first4=Sabine E |last5=Meyer |first5=Walter J |last6=Murad |first6=M Hassan |last7=Rosenthal |first7=Stephen M |last8=Safer |first8=Joshua D |last9=Tangpricha |first9=Vin |last10=T'Sjoen |first10=Guy G |title=Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=November 2017 |volume=102 |issue=11 |page=3881|quote=Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains|doi=10.1210/jc.2017-01658 |pmid=28945902 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, a study in the journal ''Pediatrics'' found that access to pubertal suppression during adolescence was associated with a lower odds of lifetime suicidality among transgender people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turban |first1=Jack |title=Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation |journal=Pediatrics |date=February 2020 |volume=145 |issue=2 |page=e2019172 |doi=10.1542/peds.2019-1725 |pmid=31974216 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |accessdate=11 February 2020|pmc=7073269 }}</ref>

===Change your voice===

{{main|voice and speech}}

Many societies recognise certain ranges of vocal communication as being typically "masculine" or "feminine." As a result, a given person's own vocal range can trigger an uncomfortable or distressing feeling of [[gender dysphoria]] in that person. That person may try to alter their vocal range or voice in order to resolve those feelings.

There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz <ref>''Adler et al 2006, Andrews 1999, Gelfer et al 2000, Spencer 1998, Wolfe et al 1990''</ref>.

===Hair gain===
{{main|hair gain}}

Some nonbinary people want more facial and body hair. Nonbinary people who are on the female-to-male transition spectrum can take [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] to grow more facial and body hair. This gives them the same amount of facial and body hair that they would have had if they had been [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]]. People who aren't taking hormones can simulate facial and body hair by makeup methods, though these tend to be more effective for stage performance, rather than in everyday activities that are seen up close. Makeup methods for this include using makeup, sticking tiny hair clippings to their skin with gum arabic, and using mascara on existing hairs. These makeup methods are popular with [[drag|drag kings and male impersonation performers]].

Some nonbinary people want to avoid, halt, or reverse male-pattern hair loss. People who are on the male-to-female transition spectrum can take [[feminizing hormone therapy]] to halt male-pattern hair loss. In the future, people who prefer to take masculinizing hormone therapy may be able to choose a version of it that might have less risk of causing male-pattern hair loss, called [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators]] (SARMs). SARMs are not yet officially available. Once male-pattern hair loss has happened, it can't be reversed. Surgical treatments for male-pattern hair loss try to move the hairline, or move hair into the place where it is needed. Non-surgical treatments for it include [[wigs and hairpieces]].

===Hair removal===
{{main|hair removal}}

Some nonbinary people want to hide or get rid of some or all of their facial and body hair. Temporary methods for this include bleaching, shaving, plucking, threading, waxing, topical treatments, or using an epilator. Laser hair removal and intense pulsed light are more permanent. Electrolysis is the most permanent.

===Prevent or undo breast development===

{{main|top surgery}}

Some nonbinary people want or prefer to have a flat, masculine chest. For transgender children and teens, going on a prescription medicine called [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or pause puberty, which prevents or reduces the amount of breast growth they would have. The effects of puberty blockers are temporary, so breast growth will resume whenever the person stops taking that medicine. For people who have already had breast growth, going on [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[testosterone]] may reduce breast size just a little bit, if at all, but it does not get rid of breasts. There are also nonbinary people who go on [[feminizing hormone therapy]] in order to get other body changes that they want, but who do not want breasts. Wearing a well-fitted sports [[bra]] or [[binding|binder]] can reduce how large the breasts look, and temporarily make a flat, masculine chest shape. The only way to permanently get rid of breasts is through surgery. Surgery to take away the entire breast is called mastectomy. For transgender men and transmasculine people, mastectomy is also called masculine chest reconstruction, to emphasize that they don't see it as a loss, but as fixing a problem.

==== Mastectomy or masculine chest reconstruction ====

{{main|mastectomy}}

Mastectomy for trans people is not as painful or traumatic as mastectomy to remove breast cancer or lumps, because the latter usually has to remove lymph nodes. For trans people, mastectomy is a short, single-stage procedure done under general anesthesia at a cosmetic surgery clinic or hospital. The patient goes home the same day. The recovery process depends on which method for mastectomy the patient had.

==== Breast reduction ====

{{main|top surgery}}

Some transgender and/or nonbinary people have larger breasts than they want. If the temporary methods such as sports bras and binders do not meet their needs, then they may prefer to get surgery to reduce the size of their breasts. The variety of methods for breast reduction are very similar to those for mastectomy described above. Larger breasts or those that need to go down more sizes will be reduced by the T-anchor method. Breasts that only need to be a little smaller can be reduced by the peri-areolar or keyhole method. Breast reduction is also commonly sought by men and women who seek a smaller breast area for a variety of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions|last1=Wade|first1=Lisa|last2=Marx Ferree|first2=Myra|year=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=23}}</ref>

==== Preventing breasts from developing ====

Some nonbinary people who have not yet developed any breasts already know that they do not want to have any. If they can prevent their breasts from developing in the first place, then they will not have to get surgery to remove them. If someone knows that developing breasts would be a significant source of distress ([[gender dysphoria]]), then preventing breast development can be better for their longterm mental health.
* [[Breast ironing]] is a non-surgical procedure that attempts to destroy the breast bud, so that breasts cannot develop.
* For children and teens, [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or temporarily stop the development of breasts for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people who are on the female-to-male spectrum, or whose bodies do not naturally produce much testosterone: taking [[Testosterone]] or otherwise being on a [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can prevent or temporarily stop the development of breasts, for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people on the male-to-female spectrum, or people whose bodies do not naturally produce much estrogen, some types of [[feminizing hormone therapy]] make it possible for someone to have a feminine appearance without developing breasts.

===Growing breasts===

Some nonbinary people want to have breasts. For people who are developing breasts without having to take any hormone therapy, breasts can continue to grow during puberty until about the mid-20s. For people who take [[feminizing hormone therapy]], this causes the exact same kind of breast development as happens naturally for women, just not necessarily at the same age. If either of these processes has finished, and the person still wants to have larger breasts than what they have, then they have a variety of options, non-surgical and surgical. They can temporarily make their breasts look larger by wearing a more supportive [[bra]], a push-up bra, or padded bra. They can wear [[breast prostheses]], also called fake breasts. For people who want to permanently make their breasts larger, then they have the option to get [[breast augmentation]] surgery.

===Preventing periods===

{{main|menstruation}}

Periods are often a source of distressing [[gender dysphoria]] for nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]]. There are several ways of preventing periods:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carswell|first=Jeremi M.|last2=Roberts|first2=Stephanie A.|date=December 2017|title=Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|journal=Transgender Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=195–201|doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|issn=2380-193X|pmc=PMC5684657|pmid=29142910}}</ref>
* [[Transmasculine hormone therapy]], such as [[Testosterone]]: Testosterone will prevent periods (although the changes won't be immediate).
* [[Progestogens]], such as birth control pills: these will also prevent (or, at least, decrease) periods, although they are not as effective as testosterone. However, they won't cause masculinisation.
* [[Aromatase inhibitors]]: aromatase inhibitors increase the testosterone that is already found in any person's body. However, it has menopausal-like side effects (such as fatigue, headache, etc.).
* [[Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators]]: SERMs are not commonly used on transmaculine people for this purpose, as they also cause menopausal-like side effects.
* GnRH agonists: also known as "[[puberty blockers]]" within the transgender community, they are not recommended as a long-term solution, as they cause poor bone health.

Methods for permanently stopping menstrual bleeding which are not a form of hormone therapy include [[uterine ablation]], in which the inside of the uterus is cauterized to prevent it from developing or shedding uterine lining, and [[hysterectomy]], the surgical removal of the uterus. Neither of these necessarily prevent other symptoms of menstrual cycles, such as mood swings during premenstruation.

===Preventing pregnancy===

Some nonbinary people do not want to be able to get pregnant, or to get others pregnant, and the possibility is a cause of distressing [[gender dysphoria]]. There are a variety of ways to temporarily prevent pregnancy, such as [[birth control]]. For those who are certain that they never want to get pregnant, or who have already had as many children as they want, there are permanent methods of [[sterilization]], such as [[vasectomy]] for people who have testicles, and [[tubal ligation]] for people who have a uterus.

===Masculinizing hormone therapy===

{{main|masculinizing hormone therapy}}

Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as men. [[Masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[Testosterone]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that men went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a man (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have more muscle, and where the body stores fat) and having no period. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing more facial and body hair, and getting a lower voice. Masculinizing hormone therapy does not stop a person from being able to get pregnant.

===Feminizing hormone therapy===

{{main|feminizing hormone therapy}}

Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as women. [[Feminizing hormone therapy]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that women went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a woman (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have less muscle, and where the body stores fat), and some changes to the genitals and sexual responses. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing breasts. Feminizing hormone therapy does not make a person's [[voice]] get higher.

===Hormone therapy to seem androgynous===

{{main|hormone therapy}}

Some nonbinary people want to look and sound in such a way that most people can't categorize them as a man or a woman. There is no one widely recognized hormone therapy for this. Possible options for people who want to suppress both masculinizing and femininizing hormones at the same time are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Sex-hormone_antagonists_alone Mad Gender Science Wiki].

===Changing the genitals and reproductive organs===

{{main|bottom surgery}}

Some nonbinary people want to make various kinds of changes to their genitals and reproductive organs. [[Hormone therapy]] can make some kinds of changes. For example, [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can make a clitoris more like a penis, and [[feminizing hormone therapy]] can make a penis more like a clitoris. Hormone therapy can't make dramatic changes to the size of these organs, can't change where the urethra (pee hole) is located, can't cause or undo the descent of testicles, and can't change a person's ability to get pregnant. Many kinds of surgery to the genitals and reproductive organs is called [[bottom surgery]]. For nonbinary people who want their genitals to be more like those of [[cisgender women]] or [[cisgender men]], there are surgeries for those. For nonbinary people who have more unique goals for their genitals, there are surgeries for those, such as having both a penis and a vagina, or having a vulva without a vagina, or having [[genital nullification|no genitals]]..

===Changing face shape===

Some nonbinary people want their face to have a more feminine, masculine, or androgynous shape. [[Hormone therapy]] has effects on face shape. Makeup can also create the illusion of different face shapes. People who find that this is not enough, especially those on the female-to-male spectrum, may seek [[facial surgery]].

==See also==

*''[[Practical resources]]'' for a list of related topics not covered in this article, such as [[coming out]], relationships, [[intimacy]], etc.

==External links and further reading==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730063826/http://openmindedhealth.com/transgender-101-trans-people/ Trans 101 for Trans People] has a nearly comprehensive list of physical transition options for trans people of all kinds, with lots of information about each.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Transition]] [[Category:Gender expression]] [[Category:Concepts]]

[[de:transition]]

Transition

2026-06-07T01:02:57Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Personal story
| quote = <translate> I see transition as a type of rebirth, a reincarnation within our lives. It can be painful, and we need to let go of the past which weighs us down. But we can still carry the positive with us, value everything we can, regardless of gender.</translate>
| name = <translate> Cora</translate>
| age = <translate> 37</translate>
| identity = <translate> Nonbinary</translate>
}}
<translate>
'''Transition '''is a term that is used to describe the process that individuals typically experiencing [[gender dysphoria]] go through to reach their desired social role, and/or physicality; there is no single definition of transition as the term is based on the unique requirements of each individual.

==Healthcare services== 


A diagnosis of [[gender dysphoria]] that is congruent with the diagnostic criteria of a recognised 'gender identity disorder' is the typical prerequisite for the treatment of persistent gender dysphoria in those countries which offer such services. Healthcare professionals typically reference either the [http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/Default.aspx Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)] or the [http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/ International Classification of Diseases (ICD)] in order to confirm a diagnosis of gender dysphoria.


Before the 1960s few countries offered safe, legal medical options for people experiencing gender dysphoria and many criminalized gender-nonconforming behaviours or mandated unproven psychiatric treatments. In response to this problem, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association now known as the [http://www.wpath.org/ World Professional Association for Transgender Healthcare (WPATH)] authored one of the earliest sets of clinical guidelines for the express purpose of ensuring "lasting personal comfort with the gendered self in order to maximize overall psychological well-being and self-fulfilment". The WPATH 'Standards of Care' are the most widespread clinical guidelines used by professionals working with transsexual, transgender, or gender variant people, and have undergone several revisions since its initial publication. Traditionally these guidelines have been structured in relation to the Transsexualism diagnosis and as such have presented a dilemma for non-transsexual individuals who have been unable to meet the eligibility criteria for medical treatment.


In [http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01542067 'Archives of Sexual Behaviour (Volume 16), "Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria"' (1987)], Dr Ray Blanchard (who served on the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders) wrote, ''"(there is a) well-recognized tendency of applicants for sex reassignment surgery to distort their histories in the direction of 'classic' transsexualism in an effort to gain approval for such surgery"''.

====Gender dysphoria Vs. Gender Identity Disorder==== 


: ''Main article: [[Gender dysphoria]]''


The diagnosis of 'Transsexualism' was introduced in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-III) compiled by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1980 for individuals who had experienced a minimum of two years of continuous interest in reconstructing their sex-physicality and assigned gendered identity. The criteria of the diagnosis focused on individuals whose identities resembled a male-to-female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM) paradigm. Others experiencing gender dysphoria, but whose identities did not fit the MTF/FTM paradigms could be diagnosed with 'Adulthood Nontranssexual Type', or 'Gender Identity Disorder: Not Otherwise Specified' (GIDNOS). In 1994 the DSM-IV committee replaced the transsexual diagnosis; for individuals with MTF/FTM type identities a diagnosis of 'Gender Identity Disorder' (GID) would be applied instead. The diagnostic criteria of GIDNOS was left undefined, bar that the diagnosis be given to those whose 'gender identity disorder' cannot be defined within a MTF or FTM paradigm. Though a gender dysphoric nonbinary individual may use the term 'transsexual' to describe themselves, they are not considered to be transsexual within a clinical context.


The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in May 2013 which replaced the gender identity disorders with Gender Dysphoria[http://www.dsm5.org/about/Pages/DSMVOverview.aspx]. "The new revisions for the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis in the DSM-5 are mostly positive. However they do not go nearly far enough. The change in title from Gender Identity Disorder (intended by its authors to mean “disordered” gender identity) to Gender Dysphoria (from a Greek root for distress) is a significant step forward. It represents a historic shift from gender identities that differ from birth assignment to distress with gender assignment and associated sex characteristics as the focus of the problem to be treated... In another positive change, the Gender Dysphoria category has been moved from the Sexual Disorders chapter of the DSM to a new chapter of its own. Non-binary queer-spectrum identities and expression are now acknowledged in the diagnostic criteria... However, the fundamental problem remains that the need for medical transition treatment is still classed as a mental disorder. In the diagnostic criteria, desire for transition care is itself cast as symptomatic of mental illness, unfortunately reinforcing gender-reparative psychotherapies which suppress expression of this “desire” into the closet. The diagnostic criteria still contradict transition and still describe transition itself as symptomatic of mental illness. The criteria for children retain much of the archaic sexist language of the DSM-IV-TR that psychopathologizes gender nonconformity. Moreover, children who have happily socially transitioned are maligned by misgendering language in the new diagnosis. More troubling is false-positive diagnosis for those who have happily completed transition. Thus, the GD diagnosis, and its controversial post-transition specifier, continue to contradict the proven efficacy of medical transition treatments. This contradiction may be used to support gender conversion/reparative psychotherapies – practices described as no longer ethical in the current WPATH Standards of Care"[http://gidreform.wordpress.com/2013/06/13/gid-reform-in-the-dsm-5-and-icd-11-a-status-update/].

====U.K.==== 


: ''Main article: [[Nonbinary healthcare (UK)]]''


Historically, eligibility criteria for medical treatment has presented a barrier for nonbinary individuals, specifically the 'real life test' (RLT) component which was later renamed the 'real life experience' (RLE). The website of the London NHS gender identity clinic states, ''"There is a two year Real Life Experience (RLE) of living in the reassigned gender role at the GIC for people who want to have genital reconstruction surgery (GRS). This is dated from the start of full-time gender role transition after which they can be assessed for referral for GRS. The RLE includes at least a year in some form of agreed occupational activities."'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20140901175724/http://www.wlmht.nhs.uk/gi/gender-identity-clinic/frequently-asked-questions/]. Nonbinary individuals requesting genital reconstruction surgery (GRS) are generally unable to satisfy clinicians in relation to the RLE criteria as there is little [https://web.archive.org/web/20161209151923/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Recognition_(UK) social] or [https://web.archive.org/web/20170209083236/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Legal_gender#UK legal recognition] of the nonbinary demographic. On the 1st December 2010, the University of Cambridge Centre for Gender Studies hosted the final public forum in its series on gender and radical biomedical advances, ''“Transitioning gender: the challenges of radical technologies”'', in association with the Guardian and supported by Cambridge University Press [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/audio/2010/dec/07/transitioning-gender-radical-technologies-debate]. One of the speakers was Dr Richard Green, former research director and consultant psychiatrist of the London NHS gender identity clinic, who referenced ''“third gender or no-gender person(s)”'' seeking surgery to ''“remove breasts or male genitalia”'' and calls this a ''“medical '''dilemma for physicians because there’s no real life experience'''. Its either surgery, or not”''.


''“...Young people are eligible for treatment in the adult NHS clinics (once they are 18 years old) or by private practitioners (from 16 years old)”'' <ref>http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20230310110222/http://www.gires.org.uk/assets/DOH-Assets/pdf/doh-children-and-adolescents.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>.

==Changing your name== 


: ''Main article: [[Names]]''
</translate>
{{Personal story
| quote = <translate> Introducing myself to people is less "Hi, my name is __" and more "Hi, my name is __, and by the way I'm here to break your fundamental understanding of your world and how it works." Every introduction, every interaction, I have to make a choice on whether to correct people, whether to explain things. Sometimes it's just not worth it. </translate>
| age = 26
| identity = <translate> Genderqueer</translate>
}}
<translate>
In most societies, a personal name is a fundamental component of social identity. The naming of infants by humans throughout history has typically followed local cultural traditions which have emphasised familial connections, also commonly inferring that the owner of a given name is either 'male' or 'female'. Many individuals go on to adopt an alternative to their birth-name, or replace it altogether; individuals experiencing gender dysphoria may regard such an act as constituting the whole, or part, of their transition.


Changing one's name within an everyday social context can be as simple as informing others of one's choice. However, in societies with a complex legal system (or equivalent), there can be conditions that place limitations on the individual's right to self determination, which can be especially problematic for [[nonbinary]] individuals. For example, in Germany the Standesamt (Office of Vital Statistics) <ref>http://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20210920205748/https://standesamtauskunft.de/Default2.aspx Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> typically refuses to recognise in German civil registration law names that are gender-ambiguous; a given name must indicate that the owner is either 'male' or 'female'.

=====State of Address===== 


: ''Main article: [[Gender neutral titles]]''


Many societies formally recognise various states of address (commonly referred to as ones 'title'), which in many instances indicate a 'male' or 'female' identity; such as 'Mr' in the English vocabulary, 'Madame' in French, and so on. Many individuals changing their name as part of their transition also change their state of address, or attempt to remove such references from their personal identity documentation altogether.


Some individuals adopt a gender neutral title such as 'Mx', 'Misc', or 'Pr'. For the most part, gender neutral titles without qualification/career connotations are not recognised by the general public or businesses/organisations. Activists and supporters are working toward awareness and acceptance of alternative titles. For some nonbinary folk, being referred to with a gendered title can trigger [[gender dysphoria]].

=====Personal pronouns===== 


: ''Main article: [[Pronouns]]''


Pronouns are a part of language used to refer to someone or something without using proper nouns. Proper nouns are the names for things - for example, "Pat" for a person or "Husky Tower" for a downtown building. The most common use of pronouns in the singular of the English language for people is gendered - for example, he/him/his for men and she/her/her for women. However, there is an increasing demand for singular gender neutral pronouns, such as they/them/their in the singular or the Spivak set, ey/em/eir.

==Changing your presentation== 


: ''Main article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20170129205539/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Nonbinary#Nonbinary_presentation_and_expression Nonbinary presentation and expression]''


Some nonbinary individuals intentionally present an [[androgyny|androgynous]] or [[gender neutral]] personal aesthetic by removing, replacing, or blending [[gender cues]] in their general presentation. For many, adopting such a personal aesthetic can ease the symptoms of [[gender dysphoria]], while others may be motivated primarily by a desire to make a political statement; each individual typically has their own unique reasons for adopting any particular 'look'. However, it is no more true to state that 'all nonbinary individuals want to appear androgynous' than it is to state that 'all women want to appear feminine'. Though they may not apply [[binary genders|binary gender]] stereotyping to their own presentation, some nonbinary individuals seek a personal aesthetic that is considered by their own culture as being variously congruent with binary stereotypes, the affected nonbinary individual may then experience gender dysphoria triggered by the resulting cognitive dissonance.


Public reactions to individuals whose presentation, for whatever reason(s), appears to challenge binary-gender stereotypes varies widely. Some models, musicians, and other celebrities are known internationally and celebrated specifically for having an androgynous appearance (see [[notable nonbinary people]]). Meanwhile, many people receive negative reactions for challenging binary-gender stereotypes. Safety is a concern for many nonbinary individuals attempting to transition to a socially visible nonbinary status.

==Changing your legal identity== 


: ''Main article: [[Legal gender]]''


The majority of contemporary national legal systems operate according to a standard wherein each citizen must be registered as either 'male' or 'female', however an actual definition of those terms may be lacking in legislation. For example in Britain the terms 'male' and 'female' are not mentioned in registration law, the individual is solely referred to as either 'person' or 'the child' although there are some gendered references such as 'mother', 'father', etc. However, the terms (male or female) are usually required to be visible on personal identity documentation which is necessary to access many essential public services.


India recognises one of its trans demographics ([[Hijra]]) in law, giving them a status besides 'male' and 'female' in legal documentation, however as the rest of the legal system is designed to accommodate only 'male' and 'female' citizenship the Hijras' legal recognition can at times prevent affected individuals from enjoying the equality their legal status was originally intended to secure.

==Physical changes== 


Just as with other kinds of transgender people, some nonbinary individuals want to make certain kinds of changes to their bodies. This can be in order to relieve a distressing sense of [[gender dysphoria]], or for practical reasons, or by personal choice. This article tells about some kinds of changes that some nonbinary people can want, and practical things they can do to achieve those changes. Physical gender transition is never "one size fits all." A nonbinary person does not have to make all or any of these changes in order to be nonbinary. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones and get surgery, and there are nonbinary people who only go on hormones without getting surgery. There are nonbinary people who go on hormones temporarily, in order to try to get some changes they want, and avoid some changes they don't want. There are nonbinary people who do not change their bodies at all, because they do not feel a need to do so.

===Postpone or temporarily suspend puberty=== 


{{main|puberty blockers}}


Puberty blockers are drugs that postpone or temporarily suspend puberty in children and teenagers. They are used for [[transgender]] children, including those who identify as [[nonbinary]], to stop the development of features that they consider to mark the wrong sex,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stevens|first=Jaime|last2=Gomez-Lobo|first2=Veronica|last3=Pine-Twaddell|first3=Elyse|date=2015-12-01|title=Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|journal=Pediatrics|language=en|volume=136|issue=6|pages=1029–1031|doi=10.1542/peds.2015-2849|issn=0031-4005|pmid=26527547|doi-access=free|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628170532/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/136/6/1029|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |title=Looking at suppressing puberty for transgender kids |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617205749/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/12/looking-at-suppressing-puberty-for-transgender-kid/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |title=Transgender Youth Using Puberty Blockers |publisher=[[KQED]] |date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211205947/https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/19/transgender-youth-using-puberty-blockers/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> with the intent to provide transgender youth more time to explore their identity.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Alegría|first=Christine Aramburu|date=2016-10-01|title=Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice|journal=Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners|language=en|volume=28|issue=10|pages=521–527|doi= 10.1002/2327-6924.12363|pmid=27031444|issn=2327-6924}}</ref> the studies that have been conducted indicate that these treatments are reasonably safe, and can improve psychological well-being in these individuals.<ref name="lancet_pubertyblockers">{{cite journal | last=Mahfouda | first=Simone | last2=Moore | first2=Julia K | last3=Siafarikas | first3=Aris | last4=Zepf | first4=Florian D | last5=Lin | first5=Ashleigh | title=Puberty suppression in transgender children and adolescents | journal=The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=5 | issue=10 | year=2017 | issn=2213-8587 | doi=10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30099-2 | pmid=28546095 | pages=816–826 | ref=harv|quote=The few studies that have examined the psychological effects of suppressing puberty, as the first stage before possible future commencement of CSH therapy, have shown benefits."}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rafferty |first1=Jason |title=Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents |journal=Pediatrics |date=October 2018 |volume=142 |issue=4 |pages=e20182162 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |accessdate=23 July 2019|quote=Often, pubertal suppression...reduces the need for later surgery because physical changes that are otherwise irreversible (protrusion of the Adam’s apple, male pattern baldness, voice change, breast growth, etc) are prevented. The available data reveal that pubertal suppression in children who identify as TGD generally leads to improved psychological functioning in adolescence and young adulthood.|doi=10.1542/peds.2018-2162 |pmid=30224363 |doi-access=free |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614175518/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182162 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Hembree_et_al">{{cite journal |last1=Hembree |first1=Wylie C |last2=Cohen-Kettenis |first2=Peggy T |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Hannema |first4=Sabine E |last5=Meyer |first5=Walter J |last6=Murad |first6=M Hassan |last7=Rosenthal |first7=Stephen M |last8=Safer |first8=Joshua D |last9=Tangpricha |first9=Vin |last10=T'Sjoen |first10=Guy G |title=Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |date=November 2017 |volume=102 |issue=11 |page=3881|quote=Treating GD/gender-incongruent adolescents entering puberty with GnRH analogs has been shown to improve psychological functioning in several domains|doi=10.1210/jc.2017-01658 |pmid=28945902 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2019, a study in the journal ''Pediatrics'' found that access to pubertal suppression during adolescence was associated with a lower odds of lifetime suicidality among transgender people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turban |first1=Jack |title=Pubertal Suppression for Transgender Youth and Risk of Suicidal Ideation |journal=Pediatrics |date=February 2020 |volume=145 |issue=2 |page=e2019172 |doi=10.1542/peds.2019-1725 |pmid=31974216 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |accessdate=11 February 2020|pmc=7073269 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604181439/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/145/2/e20191725 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

===Change your voice=== 


{{main|voice and speech}}


Many societies recognise certain ranges of vocal communication as being typically "masculine" or "feminine." As a result, a given person's own vocal range can trigger an uncomfortable or distressing feeling of [[gender dysphoria]] in that person. That person may try to alter their vocal range or voice in order to resolve those feelings.


There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz <ref>''Adler et al 2006, Andrews 1999, Gelfer et al 2000, Spencer 1998, Wolfe et al 1990''</ref>.

===Hair gain=== 
{{main|hair gain}}


Some nonbinary people want more facial and body hair. Nonbinary people who are on the female-to-male transition spectrum can take [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] to grow more facial and body hair. This gives them the same amount of facial and body hair that they would have had if they had been [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]]. People who aren't taking hormones can simulate facial and body hair by makeup methods, though these tend to be more effective for stage performance, rather than in everyday activities that are seen up close. Makeup methods for this include using makeup, sticking tiny hair clippings to their skin with gum arabic, and using mascara on existing hairs. These makeup methods are popular with [[drag|drag kings and male impersonation performers]].


Some nonbinary people want to avoid, halt, or reverse male-pattern hair loss. People who are on the male-to-female transition spectrum can take [[feminizing hormone therapy]] to halt male-pattern hair loss. In the future, people who prefer to take masculinizing hormone therapy may be able to choose a version of it that might have less risk of causing male-pattern hair loss, called [[Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators]] (SARMs). SARMs are not yet officially available. Once male-pattern hair loss has happened, it can't be reversed. Surgical treatments for male-pattern hair loss try to move the hairline, or move hair into the place where it is needed. Non-surgical treatments for it include [[wigs and hairpieces]].

===Hair removal=== 
{{main|hair removal}}


Some nonbinary people want to hide or get rid of some or all of their facial and body hair. Temporary methods for this include bleaching, shaving, plucking, threading, waxing, topical treatments, or using an epilator. Laser hair removal and intense pulsed light are more permanent. Electrolysis is the most permanent.

===Prevent or undo breast development=== 


{{main|top surgery}}


Some nonbinary people want or prefer to have a flat, masculine chest. For transgender children and teens, going on a prescription medicine called [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or pause puberty, which prevents or reduces the amount of breast growth they would have. The effects of puberty blockers are temporary, so breast growth will resume whenever the person stops taking that medicine. For people who have already had breast growth, going on [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[testosterone]] may reduce breast size just a little bit, if at all, but it does not get rid of breasts. There are also nonbinary people who go on [[feminizing hormone therapy]] in order to get other body changes that they want, but who do not want breasts. Wearing a well-fitted sports [[bra]] or [[binding|binder]] can reduce how large the breasts look, and temporarily make a flat, masculine chest shape. The only way to permanently get rid of breasts is through surgery. Surgery to take away the entire breast is called mastectomy. For transgender men and transmasculine people, mastectomy is also called masculine chest reconstruction, to emphasize that they don't see it as a loss, but as fixing a problem.

==== Mastectomy or masculine chest reconstruction ==== 


{{main|mastectomy}}


Mastectomy for trans people is not as painful or traumatic as mastectomy to remove breast cancer or lumps, because the latter usually has to remove lymph nodes. For trans people, mastectomy is a short, single-stage procedure done under general anesthesia at a cosmetic surgery clinic or hospital. The patient goes home the same day. The recovery process depends on which method for mastectomy the patient had.

==== Breast reduction ==== 


{{main|top surgery}}


Some transgender and/or nonbinary people have larger breasts than they want. If the temporary methods such as sports bras and binders do not meet their needs, then they may prefer to get surgery to reduce the size of their breasts. The variety of methods for breast reduction are very similar to those for mastectomy described above. Larger breasts or those that need to go down more sizes will be reduced by the T-anchor method. Breasts that only need to be a little smaller can be reduced by the peri-areolar or keyhole method. Breast reduction is also commonly sought by men and women who seek a smaller breast area for a variety of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions|last1=Wade|first1=Lisa|last2=Marx Ferree|first2=Myra|year=2014|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=23}}</ref>

==== Preventing breasts from developing ==== 


Some nonbinary people who have not yet developed any breasts already know that they do not want to have any. If they can prevent their breasts from developing in the first place, then they will not have to get surgery to remove them. If someone knows that developing breasts would be a significant source of distress ([[gender dysphoria]]), then preventing breast development can be better for their longterm mental health.
* [[Breast ironing]] is a non-surgical procedure that attempts to destroy the breast bud, so that breasts cannot develop.
* For children and teens, [[puberty blockers]] can postpone or temporarily stop the development of breasts for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people who are on the female-to-male spectrum, or whose bodies do not naturally produce much testosterone: taking [[Testosterone]] or otherwise being on a [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can prevent or temporarily stop the development of breasts, for as long as they are on that therapy.
* For people on the male-to-female spectrum, or people whose bodies do not naturally produce much estrogen, some types of [[feminizing hormone therapy]] make it possible for someone to have a feminine appearance without developing breasts.

===Growing breasts=== 


Some nonbinary people want to have breasts. For people who are developing breasts without having to take any hormone therapy, breasts can continue to grow during puberty until about the mid-20s. For people who take [[feminizing hormone therapy]], this causes the exact same kind of breast development as happens naturally for women, just not necessarily at the same age. If either of these processes has finished, and the person still wants to have larger breasts than what they have, then they have a variety of options, non-surgical and surgical. They can temporarily make their breasts look larger by wearing a more supportive [[bra]], a push-up bra, or padded bra. They can wear [[breast prostheses]], also called fake breasts. For people who want to permanently make their breasts larger, then they have the option to get [[breast augmentation]] surgery.

===Preventing periods=== 


{{main|menstruation}}


Periods are often a source of distressing [[gender dysphoria]] for nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]]. There are several ways of preventing periods:<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carswell|first=Jeremi M.|last2=Roberts|first2=Stephanie A.|date=December 2017|title=Induction and Maintenance of Amenorrhea in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adolescents|url=http://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|journal=Transgender Health|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=195–201|doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|issn=2380-193X|pmc=PMC5684657|pmid=29142910|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410073008/https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/trgh.2017.0021|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Transmasculine hormone therapy]], such as [[Testosterone]]: Testosterone will prevent periods (although the changes won't be immediate).
* [[Progestogens]], such as birth control pills: these will also prevent (or, at least, decrease) periods, although they are not as effective as testosterone. However, they won't cause masculinisation.
* [[Aromatase inhibitors]]: aromatase inhibitors increase the testosterone that is already found in any person's body. However, it has menopausal-like side effects (such as fatigue, headache, etc.).
* [[Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators]]: SERMs are not commonly used on transmaculine people for this purpose, as they also cause menopausal-like side effects.
* GnRH agonists: also known as "[[puberty blockers]]" within the transgender community, they are not recommended as a long-term solution, as they cause poor bone health.


Methods for permanently stopping menstrual bleeding which are not a form of hormone therapy include [[uterine ablation]], in which the inside of the uterus is cauterized to prevent it from developing or shedding uterine lining, and [[hysterectomy]], the surgical removal of the uterus. Neither of these necessarily prevent other symptoms of menstrual cycles, such as mood swings during premenstruation.

===Preventing pregnancy=== 


Some nonbinary people do not want to be able to get pregnant, or to get others pregnant, and the possibility is a cause of distressing [[gender dysphoria]]. There are a variety of ways to temporarily prevent pregnancy, such as [[birth control]]. For those who are certain that they never want to get pregnant, or who have already had as many children as they want, there are permanent methods of [[sterilization]], such as [[vasectomy]] for people who have testicles, and [[tubal ligation]] for people who have a uterus.

===Masculinizing hormone therapy=== 


{{main|masculinizing hormone therapy}}


Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned female at birth|assigned female at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as men. [[Masculinizing hormone therapy]] such as [[Testosterone]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that men went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a man (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have more muscle, and where the body stores fat) and having no period. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing more facial and body hair, and getting a lower voice. Masculinizing hormone therapy does not stop a person from being able to get pregnant.

===Feminizing hormone therapy=== 


{{main|feminizing hormone therapy}}


Some nonbinary people who were [[sexes#assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]] want to look and sound in such a way that most people will see them as women. [[Feminizing hormone therapy]] does this. It is a medicine that a person takes on a regular basis, which makes them go through many of the same changes that women went through at puberty. Some effects of it last only as long as the person takes that medicine, and will go away if they stop, such as looking like a woman (due to skin texture, body odor, tending to have less muscle, and where the body stores fat), and some changes to the genitals and sexual responses. Other effects of this medicine are permanent once they happen, such as growing breasts. Feminizing hormone therapy does not make a person's [[voice]] get higher.

===Hormone therapy to seem androgynous=== 


{{main|hormone therapy}}


Some nonbinary people want to look and sound in such a way that most people can't categorize them as a man or a woman. There is no one widely recognized hormone therapy for this but one viable way would be a combination of raising testosterone while on estrogen. Possible (but medically considered highly dangerous and/or unsafe) options for people who want to suppress both masculinizing and femininizing hormones at the same time are described in the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204230/https://madgenderscience.miraheze.org/wiki/Experimental_non-binary_HRT#Sex-hormone_antagonists_alone Mad Gender Science Wiki].

===Changing the genitals and reproductive organs=== 


{{main|bottom surgery}}


Some nonbinary people want to make various kinds of changes to their genitals and reproductive organs. [[Hormone therapy]] can make some kinds of changes. For example, [[masculinizing hormone therapy]] can make a clitoris more like a penis, and [[feminizing hormone therapy]] can make a penis more like a clitoris. Hormone therapy can't make dramatic changes to the size of these organs, can't change where the urethra (pee hole) is located, can't cause or undo the descent of testicles, and can't change a person's ability to get pregnant. Many kinds of surgery to the genitals and reproductive organs is called [[bottom surgery]]. For nonbinary people who want their genitals to be more like those of [[cisgender women]] or [[cisgender men]], there are surgeries for those. For nonbinary people who have more unique goals for their genitals, there are surgeries for those, such as having both a penis and a vagina, or having a vulva without a vagina, or having [[genital nullification|no genitals]]..

===Changing face shape=== 


Some nonbinary people want their face to have a more feminine, masculine, or androgynous shape. [[Hormone therapy]] has effects on face shape. Makeup can also create the illusion of different face shapes. People who find that this is not enough, especially those on the female-to-male spectrum, may seek [[facial surgery]].

==See also== 


*''[[Practical resources]]'' for a list of related topics not covered in this article, such as [[coming out]], relationships, [[intimacy]], etc.

==External links and further reading== 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730063826/http://openmindedhealth.com/transgender-101-trans-people/ Trans 101 for Trans People] has a nearly comprehensive list of physical transition options for trans people of all kinds, with lots of information about each.

==References== 
</translate>
<references />

[[Category:Transition]] [[Category:Gender expression]] [[Category:Concepts]]

[[de:transition]]

Nanoah Struik

2026-06-04T00:50:27Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{stub}}
{{Infobox person
| picture=
| caption=
| date_birth=2000<ref name="aboutbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.nanoahstruik.com/boek|title=BOEK {{!}} Nanoah Struik|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523231258/https://www.nanoahstruik.com/boek|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| place_birth=Drenthe, Netherlands<ref name="aboutbook" />
| nationality=Dutch
| pronouns=[[they/them]], [[Pronouns#Dutch_neutral_pronouns|die/diens]], [[Pronouns#Dutch_neutral_pronouns|hen/hun]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/nanoahh/ |title=@nanoahh Instagram profile |access-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120204857/https://www.instagram.com/nanoahh/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| gender=nonbinary<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://archive.ph/sNVph|archive-date=31 October 2021 |date=28 July 2019 |title=Nanoah (19): 'Ik heb me nooit een meisje of een jongen gevoeld' |work=De Telegraaf|lang=nl|url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/nieuws/1432620273/nanoah-19-ik-heb-me-nooit-een-meisje-of-een-jongen-gevoeld}}</ref>
| occupation=Activist, podcaster, author
| known_for=
}}
'''Nanoah Struik''' is a Dutch podcaster, activist, and (with photographer Mona van den Berg) is the author of the book ''X - Alles en Niets'' (''X - Everything and Nothing'') which contains interviews with and photographs of nonbinary people.

In October 2019, Struik was the second adult Dutch citizen to get an X [[gender marker]] on their passport.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tweede volwassene krijgt X in paspoort |trans-title= |author= |work=Transgender Netwerk Nederland |date=29 July 2019 |access-date=31 October 2021 |url= https://www.transgendernetwerk.nl/tweede-volwassene-krijgt-x-in-paspoort/ |language=nl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313173336/http://www.transgendernetwerk.nl/tweede-volwassene-krijgt-x-in-paspoort/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210819130009/https://www.nanoahstruik.com/ Website]
*[https://twitter.com/nanoahstruik Twitter]
*[https://www.instagram.com/nanoahh/ Instagram]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Activists]]
[[Category: Authors]]
[[Category: Nonbinary people]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Struik, Nanoah}}

Neutral names starting with S

2026-05-29T02:20:05Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=s}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}

An alphabetical list of neutral [[names]] starting with O, continued from the names page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with S include Sam, Sascha, Shea, and Skyler. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with S, more than 50 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with R]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with T]].

== The list ==

'''Sacha'''. French. Form of the East-Slavic unisex name '''Sasha''', which itself is a pet form of both the masculine name Alexander<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Sasha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520041723/https://babynames.com/name/sasha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4">https://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611030806/http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook">Melanie Mannarino. ''The Best Gender-Neutral Baby Name Book: The ultimate collection of unique unisex names.'' New York: Tiller Press, 2019.</ref> and the feminine name Alexandra. In the USA, Social Security Administration (SSA) data shows about 1,713 people have had the name Sacha, used as a feminine name 83% of the time,<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SACHA/index.html</ref> whereas in France, it's more often for boys.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sacha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604010353/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sacha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 933 people named '''Sascha''', used as a feminine name 77% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SASCHA/index.html</ref> In the US, '''Sasha''' is feminine 96% of the time, so that spelling is not gender-neutral in that country.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SASHA/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sage'''. English. This became a neutral given name in the 1990s, which has been growing in popularity into the 2010s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sage [https://web.archive.org/web/20230502174430/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sage Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Meaning "Wise and experienced; mature or venerable," or "A cooking herb, or the unrelated but similar-smelling plant, sagebrush" in English.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sage [https://web.archive.org/web/20230621215456/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sage Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 2,029 people with this name, used as a feminine name 65% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAGE/index.html</ref> Keywords: aromas, English word names, food, longevity, nature, one syllable, plants.

'''Sakae'''. Japanese. Depending on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation chosen to write it, this name can mean "Is brilliant" or "Prosperity" in Japanese.<ref name="NeutralBook" /> This might not be a neutral name in Japan, but it is used as one in the US. US SSA data shows about 297 people with this name, used as a feminine name 64% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAKAE/index.html</ref>

'''Salem'''. After the place name, which itself comes from a shortening of the place name Jerusalem, which means "Safe, secure, perfect, complete."<ref name="NeutralBook" /> There is more than one place named Salem, but the most famous is Salem, Massachusetts in the US, known as a place with a history of killing people who were suspected of being witches. US SSA data shows about 1,802 people with this given name, used as a masculine name 52% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SALEM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220517040702/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SALEM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Sam'''. English. Short for names which may be feminine or masculine, such as feminine Samantha, or masculine Samuel or Samson. Samantha and Samuel both come from the Biblical Hebrew name Shemuel, meaning "God heard" in Hebrew. Sam is a more neutral name in the Netherlands, and more masculine in many other countries. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sam-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230706022805/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sam-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 168,904 people with this name, used as a masculine name 99% of the time,<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605231335/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> but these official records do not take into account everybody who uses it as a nickname for a longer name. US SSA data shows the variant '''Sammi''' is feminine 97% of the time,<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160718214227/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> while '''Sammie''' is masculine 73% of the time,<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMIE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160529110718/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMIE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and '''Sammy''' is masculine 96% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170420181915/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SAMMY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable, two syllables. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Sheriff Sam in the podcast ''Welcome To Night Vale''. Notable nonbinary people named Sam include [[Sam Smith]] and [[Sam de Leve]].

'''Saman''' (سامان). Persian. Meaning "Order, arrangement, disposition" in Persian.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/saman/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528153317/https://www.behindthename.com/name/saman/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 752 people with this name, used as a masculine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170422075628/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Samar'''. A neutral name,<ref name="NeutralBook" /> though this varies by culture. 1. سمر.. Arabic. Feminine. Meaning "Evening conversation" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/samar-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011819/https://www.behindthename.com/name/samar-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. ثمر in Urdu and সমর in Bengali. Masculine. From a word meaning "Fruit, profit" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/samar-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324210137/https://www.behindthename.com/name/samar-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,658 people with this name, used as a feminine name 65% of the time, so it is a neutral name in that country.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAR/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195632/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAR/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Sami'''. A neutral name,<ref name="NeutralBook" /> though definitions of it tend to say it is masculine. 1. Finnish. A masculine diminutive of the masculine name Samuel.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sami-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610221715/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sami-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. (سامي). Arabic. A masculine name meaning "Elevated, sublime, supreme" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sami-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507043927/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sami-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 7,202 people with this name, used as a masculine name 74% of the time, so it is a neutral name in that country.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180127110038/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SAMI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Samnang''' (សំណាង). Khmer. Meaning "Lucky" in Khmer.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/samnang [https://web.archive.org/web/20220818114205/https://www.behindthename.com/name/samnang Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 511 people with this name, used as a masculine name 82% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170422075628/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SAMAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: auspicious, fortune, luck, two syllables.

'''Sanan''' (سنن). A unisex name in Arabic meaning “tradition,” or “way of life.” <ref>https://muslimnames.com/sanan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330075720/https://muslimnames.com/sanan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> There are 116 people in the United States named Sanan. <ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANAN/index.html#by-state [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212822/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables, arabic

'''Sandeep''' (संदीप). Sanskrit. Traditionally a masculine name. A variant of the masculine name Sandip. Meaning "Blazing" in Sanskrit.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandip [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603011001/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandip Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandeep [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528220804/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandeep Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 4,745 people named Sandeep, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANDEEP/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171218193227/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SANDEEP/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: fire, light, two syllables.

'''Sandy'''. English. A neutral diminutive of masculine name Alexander (from the Greek masculine name Alexandros [Ἀλέξανδρος], meaning "Defending men") or feminine names Alexandra or Sandra (both of which are derived from Alexandros). Alternatively, Sandy can be in reference to the color, or to sand.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602092231/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sandy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/alexander [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522053116/https://www.behindthename.com/name/alexander Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 139,271 people with this name, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANDY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170422075115/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SANDY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> (However, the variants '''Sandi'''<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANDI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170422070314/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SANDI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and '''Sandie'''<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANDIE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210518211146/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANDIE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> are 100% feminine, so these spellings are not used as gender-neutral names.) Keywords: earth, English word names, two syllables.

'''Sani''' (سنيّ). Arabic. Meaning "Brilliant, splendid" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sani [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212807/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 172 people with this name, used as a feminine name 78% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANI/index.html</ref> Keywords: light, two syllables.

'''Santana'''. English and Spanish. A neutral given name, from the surname, and from many place names called Santa Ana.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/santana/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220526123135/https://www.behindthename.com/name/santana/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> These places are named for the Catholic figure known in English as Saint Anne, who the mother of the Virgin Mary (in the apochrypha).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/anna [https://web.archive.org/web/20230404071538/https://www.behindthename.com/name/anna Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Saint Anne is the patroness of unmarried women, homemakers, people in labor or who want to be pregnant, grandmothers, mothers, educators, horseback riders, cabinet-makers,<ref name=crawley>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/ANNE.HTM |title=Lives of Saints, John J. Crawley & Co., Inc |publisher=Ewtn.com |access-date=2013-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128194621/http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/ANNE.HTM |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> miners,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcah.columbia.edu/courses/medmil/pages/non-mma-pages/text_links/st_anne.html |title=Butler, Alban. ed. Michael Walsh. Lives of the Patron Saints. Burns and Oates: Kent, 1987. p. 53-4 |publisher=Mcah.columbia.edu |access-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417131450/http://www.mcah.columbia.edu/courses/medmil/pages/non-mma-pages/text_links/st_anne.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> sailors, and protector from storms.<ref name=ottawa>{{cite web |url=http://www.olomc-ottawa.com/Anne&Joachim.html |title=Saint Anne and Saint Joachim, Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Parish, Ottawa, Ontario |publisher=Olomc-ottawa.com |access-date=2013-08-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810123226/http://www.olomc-ottawa.com/Anne%26Joachim.html |archive-date=2014-08-10 }}</ref> US SSA data shows about 3,501 people named Santana, used as a feminine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SANTANA/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20161012150937/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SANTANA/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, three syllables, travel.

'''Satsuki''' (さつき). Japanese. The meaning depends on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write it. One possible choice of meaning is "The month of May" (五月).<ref> http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/satsuki.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203646/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/satsuki.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: springtime, three syllables.

'''Satya'''. Sanskrit. Meaning "Pure, virtuous, truthful, true" in Sanskrit. In Hindi and Nepali, it is transcribed the same way, but written in a masculine form (सत्य) and a feminine form (सत्या). Satya is also a name in Telugu (సత్య), Odia (ସତ୍ୟ), Bengali, Assamese (সত্য), Gurmukhi (ਸੱਤਿਆ), and Kannada (ಸತ್ಯ).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/satya/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220519115255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/satya/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,709 people with this name, used as a feminine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SATYA/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171224182150/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SA/SATYA/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables, virtue.

'''Saxon'''. English. From the surname, from the name of the Germanic tribe called the Saxons, who spoke the language that became English. Their name came from a Germanic word ''sahs'', meaning "Knife." <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/saxon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324124438/https://www.behindthename.com/name/saxon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 376 people with this name, used as a masculine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SA/SAXON/index.html</ref> Keywords: battle, two syllables.

'''Schuyler'''. English. Pronounced "SKIE-lər." From the Dutch surname Schuyler, meaning "Scholar." This came to be used as a masculine or neutral given name after the US general and senator Philip Schuyler (1733-1804).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/schuyler [https://web.archive.org/web/20230710190744/https://www.behindthename.com/name/schuyler Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,159 people with the given name Schuyler, used as a masculine name 77% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SC/SCHUYLER/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20161214023446/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SC/SCHUYLER/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,350 people with the spelling variant '''Skyler''' (with spelling modeled after the name Tyler, and which looks more phonetic to English-speakers), used as a masculine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/skyler [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075225/https://www.behindthename.com/name/skyler Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLER/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160718222610/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLER/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,760 people with the spelling variant '''Skylar''', used as a feminine name 75% of the time.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/skylar [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011734/https://www.behindthename.com/name/skylar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLAR/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160718222756/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLAR/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, education, intelligence, literature, two syllables, writing.

[[File:To_Kill_a_Mockingbird_(first_edition_cover).jpg|thumb|The cover of ''To Kill A Mockingbird''.]]
'''Scout'''. English. A neutral name meaning "To explore; one who goes out to search for information" in English. This given name was popularized by the protagonist of the novel ''To Kill A Mockingbird''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/scout [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812100833/https://www.behindthename.com/name/scout Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scout [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629140940/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scout Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> In the novel, Scout is a [[gender nonconforming]] child described as a [[tomboy]] (meaning a young masculine girl), having detective-like adventures in a time and place in the US that had strict gender roles, where society saw it as fairly unacceptable for girls to wear overalls instead of dresses. Scout rejected feminine clothing and girls' hobbies like sewing, chose to be called "Scout" over her given name, and never stopped asserting herself as masculine in clothing, attitude, social habits, and hobbies. Her masculinity was often brought up in the story, as some other characters criticized and pressured Scout to become feminine, but her father was supportive of her being herself.<ref>Laura Hakala, "Scouting for a tomboy: Gender-bending behaviors in Harper Lee's to Kill A Mockingbird" (2010). ''Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 176. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1176&context=etd</ref> US SSA data shows about 163 people with this name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SC/SCOUT/index.html</ref> Keywords: exploration, literature, one syllable, travel.

'''Sea'''. English. A neutral given name. Meaning "The ocean, or an inland body of salt water" in English.<ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sea [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607235007/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sea Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 446 people with this name, used as a masculine name 77% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SEA/index.html</ref>

'''Seiko'''. Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation chosen to write it. In Japan, this is a feminine name, and ''-ko'' is a feminine name ending.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/seiko/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531184127/https://www.behindthename.com/name/seiko/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> However, in the US, this is used as a more neutral name. US SSA data shows about 636 people with this name, used as a masculine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SEIKO/index.html</ref> Keywords: brands, time, three syllables, two syllables.

'''Selby'''. English. A neutral name. From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Willow farm" in Old Norse.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/selby [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080819/https://www.behindthename.com/name/selby Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 961 people with this name, used as a masculine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SELBY/index.html</ref> Keywords: plants, trees, two syllables.

'''Semaj'''. African-American English. From the name "James" spelled backwards.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/semaj/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220124160604/https://www.behindthename.com/name/semaj/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 288 people with this name, used as a masculine name 75% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SEMAJ/index.html</ref>

'''Seneca'''. Ancient Roman. Meaning "Old" in Latin. Coincidentally, Seneca is also the name of a Native American tribe, meaning "Place of great stones" in their language.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/seneca [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083756/https://www.behindthename.com/name/seneca Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 929 people with this name, used as a masculine name 52% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SENECA/index.html</ref>

'''Seraphim'''. English. From the Biblical word for a type of angels called ''seraphim'' (שׂרף), meaning "Fiery ones" in Hebrew. Traditionally a masculine name, such as for the Saint Seraphim of Sarov, who was a 19th-century Russian mystic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/seraphim/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528155502/https://www.behindthename.com/name/seraphim/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 74 people with this name, used as a feminine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SE/SERAPHIM/index.html</ref> Keywords: angels, Christian, mythology, three syllables.

'''Shadow'''. English. From the surname Shadow, or directly from the English word.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shadow/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212808/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shadow/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 390 people with this name, used as a masculine name 52% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHADOW/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-04-18 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720191456/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHADOW/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: English word names, dark, gothic, night, two syllables.

'''Shae'''. English. An English neutral spelling variant of Shea,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shae [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402000756/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shae Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> which is a neutral and anglicized form of the Irish masculine name Séaghdha,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shea [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601150325/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shea Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> possibly meaning "Esteemed, majestic" in Irish.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/se10aghdha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034653/https://www.behindthename.com/name/se10aghdha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,103 people with this name, used as a feminine name 79% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAE/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Shalom''' (שָׁלוֹם). Hebrew. Traditionally a masculine name, but also now neutral. Meaning "Peace" in Hebrew, and also used as a greeting.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shalom [https://web.archive.org/web/20230319040729/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shalom Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 1,277 people with this name, used as a masculine name 65% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHALOM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203132615/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHALOM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Shan'''. Welsh. Traditionally feminine. Anglicized form of the Welsh feminine name Siân, which itself is a form of the feminine French name Jeanne, which itself is a form of the masculine name John, from the masculine Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601031724/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sia13n [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604140938/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sia13n Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeanne [https://web.archive.org/web/20230705234504/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeanne Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Shan may also be a form of the masculine name Sean (since it has the same pronunciation), which ultimately comes from the masculine name Yochanan as well.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sean [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075758/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sean Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 7,299 people named Shan, used as a masculine name 69% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606062949/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical names, one syllable.

'''Shannon'''. English. This became a neutral given name in the 1930s. From the name of the River Shannon in Ireland, which is named after the goddess of wisdom in Irish mythology, Sionann (older spelling: Sínann or Sínand). Possibly meaning "Old, ancient" in Old Irish.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shannon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603001605/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shannon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Monaghan, Patricia. ''The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore''. Infobase Publishing, 2004. p.420</ref> US SSA data shows about 280,557 people named Shannon, used as a feminine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHANNON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203121414/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHANNON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 4,931 people named the variant spelling '''Shanon''', used as a feminine name 75% of the time.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shanon [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814132032/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shanon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHANON/index.html</ref> Keywords: mythology, two syllables.

'''Shawn'''. English. Traditionally masculine. An anglicized form of the masculine Irish name Seán, which is a form of the masculine John, from the masculine Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shawn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602222020/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shawn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 245,184 people with this name, used as a masculine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAWN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618182249/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SH/SHAWN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, one syllable.

'''Shay''' (שַׁי). Hebrew. A neutral name. Also transcribed '''Shai'''. Meaning "Gift" in Hebrew.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shay-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221130014927/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shay-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shai [https://web.archive.org/web/20221008051805/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shai Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 7,634 people named Shay, used as a feminine name 60% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAY/index.html</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 864 people with the given name Shai, used as a feminine name 55% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507153333/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 585 people with the variant '''Shaya''', used as a feminine name 52% of the time.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shaia/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211204150002/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shaia/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAYA/index.html</ref> US SSA data shows about 330 people with the variant '''Shey''', used as a masculine name 51% of the time.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shey/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212807/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shey/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Shayne'''. English. Traditionally masculine. A variant of the masculine Irish and English name Shane, which is an anglicized form of the masculine Irish name Seán, which is a form of the masculine John, from the masculine Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shayne [https://web.archive.org/web/20230615161034/http://www.behindthename.com/name/shayne Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 6,398 people named Shayne, used as a masculine name 78% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHAYNE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202125944/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SH/SHAYNE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, one syllable.

'''Shea'''. Irish. This was masculine, but has been a neutral name since at least the 1970s. An anglicized form of the Irish masculine name Séaghdha, possibly meaning "Esteemed, majestic" in Irish.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shea [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601150325/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shea Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/se10aghdha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034653/https://www.behindthename.com/name/se10aghdha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 7,926 people with this name, used as a feminine name 60% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHEA/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Sheridan'''. English. This name had some use as a masculine given name in the 1890s, and then came to be used as a feminine given name in the 1990s and 2000s. From the Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "Descendant of the searcher" in Gaelic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sheridan [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809054121/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sheridan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 4,866 people with this name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHERIDAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: Generation Y, Generation Z, three syllables.

'''Shi'''. Chinese. With Chinese given names such as this, the meaning depends on which characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write it.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shi [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083753/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5,131 people with this name, used as a feminine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329172232/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Shia'''. US SSA data shows about 367 people with this name, used as a masculine name 57% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHIA/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507170619/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHIA/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Shiloh''' (שִׁילֹה). Hebrew. This became popularized as a neutral name in the 2000s when a celebrity couple used it for their child. In the Hebrew Bible, this is a place name, meaning "tranquil," and is also used in passages that some interpret as prophecies about the Messiah.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/shiloh [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602230954/https://www.behindthename.com/name/shiloh Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 1,658 people with this name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHILOH/index.html</ref> Keywords: Biblical, two syllables.

'''Shin''' (しん). Japanese. With Japanese names, the meaning depends on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write them. Some possible choices for meanings include "Heart" (心), "New" (新), "Trust" (信), "True" (真), or "Forest" (森), or other meanings. In Japan, this is traditionally a gender-neutral name.<ref> http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/11/shin.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203637/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/11/shin.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, SSA data shows about 3,998 people with this name, used as a masculine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHIN/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Shinobu''' (しのぶ). Japanese. With Japanese names, the meaning depends on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write them. In Japan, this is traditionally a gender-neutral name.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/11/shinobu.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203639/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/11/shinobu.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, SSA data shows about 376 people with this name, used as a masculine name 69% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHINOBU/index.html</ref> Keywords: three syllables.

'''Shoney'''. US SSA data shows about 74 people with this name, used as a feminine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SH/SHONEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sidney'''. English. From the English surname, from various English place names, meaning "Wide island" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sidney [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605070554/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sidney Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/sidney [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327205251/https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/sidney Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 64,263 people with this name, used as a masculine name 77% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SI/SIDNEY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171128113932/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SI/SIDNEY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Variant Sydney is used as a female name 95% of the time.<ref>My Name Stats. [https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SY/SYDNEY/index.html [Sydney] Accessed on 1 February 2025.</ref> Keywords: English, masculine-inclined, two syllables.

'''Silver'''. English. Meaning "the metal silver, or its color," or "like silver, having a dulcet sound, or being eloquently persuasive" in English.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/silver [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209092701/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/silver Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/silver [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075813/https://www.behindthename.com/name/silver Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 1,792 people with this name, used as a feminine name 78% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SI/SILVER/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word names, metal, prosperity, treasure, two syllables.

'''Simcha''' (שִׂמְחָה). Hebrew. Meaning "Happiness, joy" in Hebrew.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/simcha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610204938/https://www.behindthename.com/name/simcha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 827 people with this name, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SI/SIMCHA/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sky'''. English. Meaning "the upper atmosphere; the region that makes an apparent great vault over the earth; heaven" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sky [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603005912/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sky Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sky [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530041923/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sky Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 2,377 people with this name, used as a feminine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160616105253/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, English word names, one syllable.

'''Skylar''' or '''Skyler''' is a name of Dutch origin, meaning scholar, but is also used in English to mean from the sky or from the Scottish island of Skye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/skylar |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201022344/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/skylar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Skyler is used as a masculine name 63% of the time in the US, and Skylar is used as feminine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLER/index.html</ref> <ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYLAR/index.html</ref> The actor Skyler Davenport is both non-binary and blind.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/gusalexiou/2022/02/17/blind-non-binary-see-for-me-star-skyler-davenport-helps-hollywood-see-intersectionality/?sh=234a248433a8</ref> The short documentary ''I am Skylar'' is about a 13 year-old transgirl.<ref>https://blog.nfb.ca/blog/2020/06/05/i-am-skylar-two-years-later/</ref> A diminutive of Skyler/Skylar is the nonbinary name Sky. Keywords: sky, scholar, Dutch, English, two syllables

'''Skye'''. English. Traditionally feminine. From the name of the Isle of Skye near the coast of Scotland.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/skye [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530134639/https://www.behindthename.com/name/skye Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,805 people with this name, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221107165014/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SK/SKYE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, one syllable, travel.

'''Sloan'''. English. A neutral variant of the feminine name Sloane, from the Irish surname, which came from an Anglicized form of the ancient Irish masculine given name Sluaghadhán, meaning "A little raid" in ancient Irish.<ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sloan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530185236/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sloan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sloane [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705224637/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sloane Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sluaghadha10n [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209100911/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sluaghadha10n Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 223 people with this name, used as a feminine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SL/SLOAN/index.html</ref>

'''Snehal'''. US SSA data shows about 562 people with this name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SN/SNEHAL/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sol'''. 1. Jewish. Masculine. A short form of the Hebrew masculine name Solomon (''Shelomoh'' שְׁלֹמֹה), meaning "Peace" in Hebrew. The ancient and wise King Solomon is traditionally held to be the author of several books of the Hebrew Bible.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sol-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230502125710/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sol-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. Spanish and Portuguese. Masculine or neutral. Meaning "the sun" in Spanish and Portuguese.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sol-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230502125643/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sol-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 7,708 people named Sol, used as a masculine name 75% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SO/SOL/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170915232332/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SO/SOL/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, light, one syllable, sun, wisdom.

'''Solace'''. African-American English. Meaning "To give comfort in grief or misfortune; to allay and soothe; to make cheerful" in English.<ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/solace/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20161013033312/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/solace/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solace [https://web.archive.org/web/20230624152743/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solace Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 37 people with this name, used as a feminine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SO/SOLACE/index.html</ref> Keywords: African diaspora, English word names, kindness, happiness, love, modern, two syllables, virtue.

'''Soma'''. Hungarian. Traditionally masculine. Meaning "Dogwood tree" in Hungarian.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/soma [https://web.archive.org/web/20230615231318/https://www.behindthename.com/name/soma Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 720 people with this name, used as a feminine name 61% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SO/SOMA/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160516135522/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SO/SOMA/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: flowers, two syllables, plants, trees.

'''Sopheap''' (សុភាព). Khmer. Meaning "Gentle, proper" in Khmer.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sopheap [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020171933/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sopheap Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 669 people with this name, used as a feminine name 65% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SO/SOPHEAP/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sora'''. Japanese. With Japanese given names, the meaning depends on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write it.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sora [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075346/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sora Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 469 people with this name, used as a feminine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SO/SORA/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170913235807/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SO/SORA/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Stacy'''. English. This was a masculine name until the 1950s, when it became neutral or more feminine. A diminutive of the feminine Russian name Anastasia, which is a form of the masculine name Anastasius, meaning "Resurrection" in Greek. Several saints were named Anastasius or Anastasia, which kept them in use as Christian names.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/stacy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611174749/https://www.behindthename.com/name/stacy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/anastasia [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328220834/https://www.behindthename.com/name/Anastasia Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>US SSA data shows about 177,151 people with this name, used as a feminine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STACY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618195244/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/ST/STACY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Starlin'''. US SSA data shows about 283 people with this name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STARLIN/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Starling'''. English. Meaning "the songbird with iridescent feathers" in English.<ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 757 people with this name, used as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STARLING/index.html{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Keywords: air, animals, birds, cities, English word names, music, nature, songs, two syllables.

'''Stav''' (סתָו). Hebrew. Meaning "Autumn" in Hebrew.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/stav [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326143947/https://www.behindthename.com/name/stav Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 46 people with this name, used as a masculine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STAV/index.html</ref> Keywords: Autumn, one syllable, seasons, time.

'''Stevie'''. English. Diminutive of masculine Stephen or feminine Stephanie.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/stevie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084713/https://www.behindthename.com/name/stevie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 6,580 people with this name, used as a masculine name 59% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STEVIE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160528173727/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STEVIE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Storm'''. English, Dutch, Danish, and Norwegian. Meaning "Storm" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/storm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528230739/https://www.behindthename.com/name/storm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="NeutralBook" /> US SSA data shows about 1,045 people with this name, used as a masculine name 61% of the time, so it is very gender neutral.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STORM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20190914040356/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/ST/STORM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> (The variant '''Stormy''', however, which about 2,558 people in the US have, is used as a feminine name 90% of the time, so it is not very gender neutral.)<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/ST/STORMY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180227043904/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/ST/STORMY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, battle, English word names, power, weather.

'''Sully'''. English. Diminutive of Sullivan.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sully/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020165028/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sully/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 488 people with this name, used as a masculine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SULLY/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Sundown'''. US SSA data shows about 70 people with this name, used as a feminine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SUNDOWN/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word names, dark, light, night, sun, two syllables.

'''Sung''' (성). Korean. Variant transcription of the neutral name '''Seong'''. Meaning depends on the ''hanja'' characters chosen to write it.<ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sung [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025204138/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sung Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/seong [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025211125/https://www.behindthename.com/name/seong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 20,793 people with this name, used as a masculine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SUNG/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230131230758/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SUNG/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Sunny'''. English. Meaning "Full of sunshine, cheerful" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sunny [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083447/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sunny Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 14,051 people with this name, used as a feminine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SUNNY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160906185014/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/S/SU/SUNNY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: cute, English word names, light, two syllables, sun.

'''Sutton'''. English. From the surname Sutton, from the place names, meaning "South town" in English.<ref name="NeutralBook" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/sutton/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212812/https://www.behindthename.com/name/sutton/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 395 people with this name, used as a masculine name 53% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/S/SU/SUTTON/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#s]]

Neutral names starting with R

2026-05-29T02:16:26Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=r}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with R''', continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with R include Red, Rene, Rey, Riley, and Robin. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with R, more than 30 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with Q]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with S]].

== The list ==

[[File:Rhea_Butcher.jpg|thumb|Nonbinary comedian [[River Butcher]].]]
'''Rahat''' (رهط). Arabic. Meaning "Comfort, rest."<ref name="20knames4">http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611030806/http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rahat [https://web.archive.org/web/20221204004718/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rahat Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US Social Security Administration data shows about 381 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAHAT/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, peace, two syllables

'''Rain'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "Rainy weather" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rain-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213073519/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rain-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 627 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAIN/index.html</ref> Variants; '''Raine''', '''Rainn''', '''Rayne'''. Notable nonbinary people with this name include model [[Rain Dove]]. Keywords: elements, English word name, feminine inclined, modern, nature, one syllable, water.

'''Raine'''. English. Possibly from the word ''reine'', meaning "Queen" in French.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/raine [https://web.archive.org/web/20221013004353/https://www.behindthename.com/name/raine Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 659 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAINE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220623202812/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAINE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, nobility, one syllable

'''Raleigh'''. English. Pronounced "RAW-lee" or "RAH-lee." From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Roe deer clearing" in Old English. Raleigh is also a brand name of British bicycles.<ref>https://raleigh.co.uk</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/raleigh [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082122/https://www.behindthename.com/name/raleigh Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5,827 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RALEIGH/index.html</ref> Keywords: English, animals, forest, masculine inclined, place names, nature, sport, two syllables

'''Randie'''. English. A gender-neutral variant of the boy's name ''Randy'' or the girl's name ''Randi'', also used as a surname. Randie is used as a girl's name 75% of the time in the US.<ref>My Name Stats. [https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RANDIE/index.html RANDIE]. The similarly sounding name Randy means sexually aroused. Accessed Jan 12, 2025.</ref> Keywords: Feminine-inclined, diminutives, rare, sexual, two syllables.

'''Rayan''' or '''Rayyan''' (ريّان). Arabic. A given name, and the name of one of the gates of Paradise in Islam. Meaning "Watered, luxuriant" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406184527/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayyan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406020730/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayyan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 293 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 85% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAYAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, Muslim, two syllables, water

'''Raylen''' is a rare name with English Anglo-Saxon origins, meaning "he who counsels" or a coubsellor, or less commonly "protecting hands".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/raylen |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-30 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201022031/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/raylen |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Raylen</ref> Raylen was used as a msculine name 66% of the time in US SSA data, and is a combination of "Ray" and "Len" and also considered a variant of Raymond.<ref>https://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Raylen.html{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Variants include Raylan. Keywords: English, masculine leaning names, jobs, two syllables.

'''Reagan'''. English. This became a given name in the 1970s, before Ronald Reagan was president of the US. Then the given name largely disappeared from popularity during his term. It became popular as a given name just after his term ended. The Reagan administration's inaction against the contemporary AIDS epidemic has been condemned as an intentional act of genocide against LGBT people, who were affected by it the most.<ref name="Francis">{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Donald P |title=Deadly AIDS policy failure by the highest levels of the US government: A personal look back 30 years later for lessons to respond better to future epidemics |journal=Journal of Public Health Policy |date=August 1, 2012 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=290–300 |doi=10.1057/jphp.2012.14 |pmid=22895498 |s2cid=205127920 |language=en |issn=1745-655X}}</ref><ref name="Arno">{{cite journal |last1=Arno |first1=PS |last2=Feiden |first2=K |title=Ignoring the epidemic. How the Reagan administration failed on AIDS. |journal=Health PAC Bulletin |date=December 1986 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=7–11 |pmid=10280242 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Ganga | first=Maria L La | title=The first lady who looked away: Nancy and the Reagans' troubling Aids legacy | website=The Guardian | date=March 11, 2016 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/11/nancy-ronald-reagan-aids-crisis-first-lady-legacy | access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Lopez | first=German | title=The Reagan administration's unbelievable response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic | website=Vox | date=November 1, 2015 | url=https://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9828348/ronald-reagan-hiv-aids | access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> The given name comes from the Irish surname, Reagan, which is anglicized from the Irish surname Ó Ríagáin. Meaning "Descendant of Riagán." Riagán is an Irish masculine given name, possibly meaning "Impulsive."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reagan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323235548/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reagan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riaga10n [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327020248/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riaga10n Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 5,423 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAIN/index.html</ref> SSA data shows about 70 with the variant '''Reegan''', feminine 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REEGAN/index.html</ref> SSA data shows about 6891 with the variant '''Regan''', feminine 82% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REGAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606003407/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REGAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Rebel'''. English. Meaning "One who opposes an authority; one who renounces and resists one's government; one who acts in opposition or disobedience" in English. Ultimately from Latin ''rebellō'' "I fight back."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rebel/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220521123507/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rebel/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rebel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628230302/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rebel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 813 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REBEL/index.html</ref> Keywords: anarchy, battle, English word name, neutral inclined, punk, two syllables

'''Redell'''. English. Meaning "Red meadow." This was a rare neutral name in the Edwardian era.<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Redell.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20200810084442/http://www.ourbabynamer.com:80/meaning-of-Redell.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 427 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, earth, Edwardian era, nature, plants, two syllables

'''Reese'''. English and Welsh. Traditionally masculine, became neutral in the 1990s. Neutral anglicized form of the Welsh masculine name Rhys. Meaning "Enthusiasm."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reese [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reese Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rhys [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075946/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rhys Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5628 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 64% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref>

'''Rei''' (れい). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation used to spell it. Some options include "bell" (鈴) or "beautiful" (麗).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rei [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401231531/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rei Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In Japan, this is a feminine name, but US SSA data shows about 464 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable, two syllables

'''Reign'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "royal authority; the influence of one resembling a monarch; the time during which someone rules" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reign [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085257/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reign Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reign [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629144925/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reign Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 65 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word name, nobility, one syllable

'''Remedy'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "A treatment that relieves or cures a disease; something that corrects or counteracts; the legal means to recover a right or to prevent or obtain redress for a wrong" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remedy/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220118141935/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remedy/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/remedy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306211506/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/remedy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: English word name, healing, rebirth, three syllables

'''Remi'''. This name appears in various cultures, which each have their own views on whether it is masculine, feminine, or neutral. 1. Yoruba. Feminine. Short form of the feminine name Oluremi, meaning "The Lord God consoles me" in Yoruba.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/oluremi/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604204404/https://www.behindthename.com/name/oluremi/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. English. Neutral. Anglicized variant of the French masculine name Rémy, meaning "Oarsman."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 3. English. Masculine. Short form of the masculine name Jeremiel, from Hebrew Yerachme'el (יְרַחְמְאֵל), meaning "God will have pity," which is the name of several men in the Hebrew Bible, and an apochryphal archangel who is also called Remiel or Uriel.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeremiel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074641/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeremiel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerahmeel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074959/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerahmeel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remi/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814175024/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remi/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1653 people have been named Remi, used as a feminine name 71% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: angels, Christian, Godly, gothic, mercy, nautical, two syllables, water

'''Remington''' is a traditional English name meaning "Place On A Riverbank", and is used for males 74% of the time. It is also used as a surname. Nicknames include Rem or Remy.<ref>https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/m/remington{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Keywords: English, nature, masculine leaning

'''Remy'''. English. Neutral. Anglicized variant of the French masculine name Rémy, meaning "Oarsman," which is a saint name.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remy/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230207183030/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remy/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3171 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: nautical, saint name, two syllables, water

'''Ren'''. Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation used to spell it. Some options include "lotus" (蓮) or "love" (恋). US SSA data shows about 3181 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Rene'''. English. Pronounced "rə-NAY." Since the Edwardian era, this has been a gender-neutral anglicized form of the masculine name René and the feminine name Renée. Both of those come from the masculine late Roman name Renatus, meaning "Born again" in Latin. Rene was especially popular as a neutral name during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene [https://web.archive.org/web/20230126181754/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene10 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230627063305/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene10 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/renatus [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080308/https://www.behindthename.com/name/renatus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 102,069 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: 20th century, Christian, midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, rebirth, two syllables

'''Rennie'''. English. Pronounced "RIN-ee." Neutral diminutive of names such as neutral Rene, feminine Irene, and masculine Rennard and Warren.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rennie/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220015249/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/rennie/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2159 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Reon''' (れおん). Japanese. Borrowed from the English, German, Polish, Slovene, Croatian, Dutch, and Greek masculine name Leon, meaning "Lion" in Greek. In Japanese, the meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation chosen to spell it. Some options include "beautiful sound" (麗音) and "jasmine center" (莉央).<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/reon.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203427/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/reon.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/leon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061939/https://www.behindthename.com/name/leon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: three syllables, two syllables

'''Reyes'''. Spanish. Pronounced "REH-yes." Meaning "kings." From one of the titles of the Virgin Mary, ''La Virgen de los Reyes'', "the Virgin of the Kings," from a legend in which she appeared to a king.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reyes [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034652/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reyes Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 15,388 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: Catholic, Christian, masculine inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ricci'''. English and Filipino. Pronounced "REE-chee" or "RIH-kee." From the Italian surname Ricci, meaning "curly hair," or a variant spelling of the masculine name Ricky, from Richard, meaning "Brave ruler."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricci/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211203161721/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricci/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/ricci [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330071640/https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/ricci Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/richard [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074308/https://www.behindthename.com/name/richard Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1704 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 51% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ricki'''. English. Popular as a neutral name during the 1940s and 1950s. Neutral diminutive form of the masculine name Richard, meaning "Brave ruler."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricki [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235027/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricki Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5488 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ridley'''. English. Pronounced "RID-lee." From the surname, from the place name, meaning "Reed meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ridley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213091237/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ridley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Ridley also happens to be a word for a couple of types of sea turtle.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ridley [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012045/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ridley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 93 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 73% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: animals, nature, nautical, plants, two syllables, water

'''Riley'''. English. Popular as a neutral name in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. From the surname Riley. Meaning "Rye meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Riley also happens to be a word meaning "Turbid, angry" in modern English.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012032/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 13,331 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 50% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] bearing this name include [[genderfluid]] Riley Cavanaugh in the book ''Symptoms of Being Human''.<ref name="supe_Symp">{{Cite web |title=Symptoms Of Being Human Summary |author= |work=SuperSummary |date= |access-date=3 October 2020 |url= https://www.supersummary.com/symptoms-of-being-human/summary/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425035630/https://www.supersummary.com/symptoms-of-being-human/summary/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Keywords: emotions, nature, neutral inclined, plants, punk, two syllables

'''Rio'''. English. This became a neutral given name starting in the 1990s in English-speaking countries. After the city in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, meaning "River of January" in Portuguese.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rio-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220710215706/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rio-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1184 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, travel, two syllables, water

'''Ripley'''. English. Pronounced "RIP-lee." A neutral name, from a surname, from the name of several towns in England. Meaning "Strip of land meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ripley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528222502/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ripley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Keywords: earth, two syllables

'''River'''. English. This became a neutral given name in the UK and US starting in the 1990s. Meaning "A natural stream of water" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/river [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604071159/https://www.behindthename.com/name/river Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1314 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word name, nature, two syllables, water. [[Notable nonbinary people]] with this name include [[River Gallo]] and [[River Butcher]].

[[File:Lambird Robyn 01 CC.jpg|thumb|Australian wheelchair racer and model [[Robyn Lambird]].]]
'''Robin'''. English. Meaning "the red-breasted songbird" in English. Or a diminutive of the masculine name Robert, meaning "fame."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/robin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607203639/https://www.behindthename.com/name/robin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/robyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080315/https://www.behindthename.com/name/robyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 389,447 people have been named Robin, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBIN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230707034916/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBIN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> About 64,992 people have had the variant '''Robyn''', used as a feminine name 98% of the time, so this variant is more strictly feminine.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBYN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035922/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/R/RO/ROBYN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> About 12,463 people have had the variant '''Robbin''', used as a feminine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBBIN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210117183101/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBBIN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, animals, birds, English word names, nature, two syllables. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Robin in the romance novel ''Unmasked by the Marquess''.<ref name="Unmasked">{{Cite web |title=Behind the Book - Unmasked by the Marquess by Cat Sebastian |author=Sebastian, Cat |work=BookPage.com |date=17 April 2018 |access-date=15 September 2020 |url= https://bookpage.com/behind-the-book/22620-twist-trope-break-binary-find-true-love-romance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601220612/https://www.bookpage.com/behind-the-book/22620-twist-trope-break-binary-find-true-love-romance/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In real life, one [[notable nonbinary people|notable nonbinary person]] with this name is the Australian wheelchair racer and model [[Robyn Lambird]].

'''Rory'''. English. Pronounced "RAWR-ee." Traditionally masculine, this began to chart as a gender-neutral name in the 2000s. Anglicized form of the masculine Irish name Ruaidhrí. Meaning "Red king" in Irish.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rory [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075346/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rory Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ruaidhri10 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075510/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ruaidhri10 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> "Rory-tory" also happens to be slang for "dashing, flamboyant, and boisterous" in some dialects in England.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rory-tory [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809141746/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rory-tory Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 17,222 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/RORY/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, flamboyant, masculine inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Rosario'''. In Spanish, this name is feminine and pronounced "ro-SA-ryo," but in Italian, it is masculine and pronounced "ro-ZA-ryo." Either way, it means "Rosary," and comes from one of the titles of the Virgin Mary, "Our Lady of the Rosary." In the US, it was usually used as a masculine name from the 1900s to 1940s, and more as a feminine name from the 1930s to 1970s. In France, demographics show it was about equally used as a feminine and masculine name during the 1960s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rosario [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416050303/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rosario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 48,490 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927234441/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Catholic, Christian, midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, three syllables

'''Rotem''' (רוֹתֶם). Hebrew. From the name of a desert plant,English name "broom plant," scientific name ''Retama raetam''. In Israel, Rotem is typically a feminine name, though it is considered gender neutral. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rotem [https://web.archive.org/web/20221024073553/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rotem Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 139 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROTEM/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, plants, two syllables

'''Rowan'''. English. Meaning "The rowan tree, also called the mountain ash tree" in English. Or from an Irish surname, anglicized from Ó Ruadháin, meaning "Descendant of Ruadhán."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rowan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530134354/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rowan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/rowan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327020717/https://babynames.com/name/ROWAN Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,616 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927234441/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: English word names, food, forest, nature, neutral inclined, plants, two syllables

'''Rylan'''. English. Rylan has been described as both an Old English name and as a modern name originating in the 2000s. It may have come from the names Ryland, Ryan, or Riley.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rylan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011734/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rylan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/rylan [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527030012/https://babynames.com/name/rylan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Ryland means "Rye land" in Old English,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryland [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085632/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryland Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> whereas Ryan means "Descendant of the little king" in Irish,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604075929/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and Riley means "Rye meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Rylan is also said to mean "Island Meadow" in Old English.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylan |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-30 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201022013/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylan |url-status=dead }}</ref> US SSA data shows about 501 people have been named Rylan, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RY/RYLAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: English, 2000s, earth, nature, food, masculine inclined, modern, nature, nobility plants, two syllables

'''Rylen''' is a rarer variant of Rylan, meaning "Island Meadow" or "farmer of Rye". It is used as a masculine name 80.5% of the time in US SSA data, and the diminutive is Ry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylen |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-30 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201022031/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylen |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: English, nature, plants, two syllables.

'''Ryō''', '''Ryou''' (りょう). Japanese. Meaning "Good" (良), or other meanings depending on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write it.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/ryou.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203426/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/ryou.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryo23 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327071624/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryo23 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Keywords: one syllable, two syllables

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#r]]

Neutral names starting with P

2026-05-29T02:07:31Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=p}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with P''', continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with P include Page, Parker, and Pat. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with P, more than 20 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with O]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with Q]].

== The list ==

'''Paderau'''. Welsh, modern. Meaning "Beads," or "Rosary."<ref name="20knames4">http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611030806/http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paderau [https://web.archive.org/web/20210805132640/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paderau Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern, religious, three syllables

'''Padma''' (पद्म). Hindi. Meaning "Lotus flower." In Hinduism, this unisex name is used for the goddess Lakshmi and the hero Rama.<ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/padma [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605034310/https://www.behindthename.com/name/padma Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nature, flower, religious, two syllables

'''Page'''. English. From the English surname, meaning "A youth who is apprenticed to a knight; a young servant; an attendant" in Middle English.<ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Page [https://web.archive.org/web/20220315162748/https://babynames.com/name/page Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the USA, this given name has been used for about 7,555 people, used as a feminine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAGE/index.html</ref> Keywords: fantasy, feminine inclined, medieval, neutral inclined, one syllable, youth

'''Palmer'''. English. From the surname. Meaning "A pilgrim who brings back a palm frond as proof of their journey to the Holy Land." This was popular as a masculine name during the Edwardian era, and then spiked as a feminine name in the 2010s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/palmer [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011729/https://www.behindthename.com/name/palmer Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, it has been used for about 994 people, as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PALMER/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221002192734/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PALMER/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, plants, travel, two syllables

'''Paris'''. English. A modern English neutral name, from the name of the capital of France, after the name of the Gaulish tribe who once lived there. Coincidentally, Paris (Πάρις), meaning "Wager" in Greek, was also the name of a legendary prince who started the Trojan War. Though this was traditionally a masculine name, this has come to be used as a feminine name in most countries today.<ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paris-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602145612/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paris-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paris-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325035340/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paris-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 6,765 people have had the given name Paris, used as a feminine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARIS/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170610165054/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/P/PA/PARIS/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> As for the variant '''Parris''', SSA data shows about 1,532 people have been named Parris, used as a masculine name 55% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARRIS/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170610163348/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/P/PA/PARRIS/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: mythology, travel, two syllables

'''Parker'''. English. From the surname. Meaning "Keeper of the park; park ranger."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/parker [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328025711/https://www.behindthename.com/name/parker Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,788 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARKER/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20171106133825/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARKER/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: forest, nature, plants, two syllables

'''Parminder''' (ਪਰਮਿੰਦਰ). Sikh. Meaning "The Hindu god Indra is highest" in Sanskrit.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/parminder [https://web.archive.org/web/20221225202054/https://www.behindthename.com/name/parminder Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,778 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 51% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARMINDER/index.html</ref> Keywords: three syllables

'''Parrish'''. US SSA data shows about 316 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARRISH/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160603190906/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PARRISH/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Pasha''' (Паша). Russian. Neutral diminutive of the masculine name Pavel, which is a form of the masculine name Paul.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/pasha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601184911/https://www.behindthename.com/name/pasha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/pavel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081125/https://www.behindthename.com/name/pavel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Paul means "Small" or "Humble" in Latin, and is the name of an important saint.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paul [https://web.archive.org/web/20230509061254/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paul Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 672 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PASHA/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, saints, two syllables

'''Pat'''. English. Short for names such as the masculine Patrick and feminine Patricia, both of which come from "Patrician, nobleman" in Latin. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/pat [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519152929/https://www.behindthename.com/name/pat Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Patrick is usually given in honor of the saint of the same name, the patron saint of Ireland.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/patrick [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531093407/http://www.behindthename.com/name/patrick Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The name spiked in popularity for neutral use during the first half of the 20th century. US SSA data shows about 222,623 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAT/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180303085410/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/P/PA/PAT/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, nobility, one syllable. Pat is such a well-known gender neutral name that, during the 1990s, the American show ''Saturday Night Live'' ran comedy sketches called "It's Pat," featuring an [[androgynous]] character, Pat O'Neill Riley. The sketches were about people trying to obliquely determine Pat's gender, such as by asking what "Pat" was short for. Pat evaded all these attempts, such as by answering, "Pat is short for Paaaaaat." This spun off into the box-office flop feature film ''It's Pat'' (1994), a romantic comedy about Pat falling in love with another gender-ambiguous person, Chris. Meanwhile, a neighbor develops such an unhealthy obssession with trying to find out Pat's gender that he loses his mind. Then Pat and Chris marry and live happily ever after. The actor Julia Sweeney, who portrays Pat, says the character was inspired by how her efforts to perform male [[drag]] came off as androgynous instead.<ref name= "MW">{{cite web |url= http://splitsider.com/2012/06/saturday-nights-children-julia-sweeney-1990-1994/ |author= Wright, Megh |date= June 27, 2012 |title= Saturday Night's Children: Julia Sweeney (1990-1994) |publisher= [[The Awl|Splitsider]] |access-date= December 8, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171230230015/http://splitsider.com/2012/06/saturday-nights-children-julia-sweeney-1990-1994/ |archive-date= December 30, 2017 |url-status= dead }}</ref> Sweeney has never confirmed Pat's sex, and denies that Pat is transgender.<ref>Sweeney, Julia. [[https://archive.is/20141208155959/http://juliasweeney.com/its-pat-sketch-george-wendt/|"It's Pat sketch - George Wendt"]]. Julia Sweeney. Archived from the [[http://juliasweeney.com/its-pat-sketch-george-wendt/|original]] on December 8, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.</ref> As such, SNL's Pat cannot be said to be an example of a nonbinary character in fiction, just a [[Undisclosed gender in fiction|character whose gender is never disclosed]]. [[Notable nonbinary people]] with this name include American novelist [[Pat Schmatz]].<ref name="GirlsofSummer">{{Cite web |title=Pat Schmatz |author= |work=Girls of Summer: 18 Books for Strong Girls |date=2016 |access-date=25 May 2020 |url= https://girlsofsummerlist.com/author-interviews-2/2016-archives/pat-schmatz/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323211016/https://girlsofsummerlist.com/author-interviews-2/2016-archives/pat-schmatz/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Payson'''. English. From the surname, meaning "Paul's son."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/payson/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220517142914/https://www.behindthename.com/name/payson/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/payson/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531000701/https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/payson/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Paul means "Small" or "Humble" in Latin, and is a saint name.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paul [https://web.archive.org/web/20230509061254/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paul Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 153 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 57% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAYSON/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, two sylables

'''Payton'''. English. From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Pæga's settlement" in Old English.<ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/payton [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084857/https://www.behindthename.com/name/payton Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/peyton [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328203612/https://www.behindthename.com/name/peyton Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Pæga was an Old English name, probably related to ''pagus'' "outlying village," related to the word "pagan," meaning "a person from a rural area" or "a non-Christian."<ref>https://www.20000-names.com/male_p_names.htm#P%EF%BF%BDGA [https://web.archive.org/web/20230221042300/http://www.20000-names.com/male_p_names.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,085 people have had the given name Payton, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAYTON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20161028024748/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAYTON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> As for the variant spelling, '''Peyton''', US SSA data shows about 3,691 people have been named Peyton, used as a feminine name 59% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PE/PEYTON/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, Pagan, places, two syllables

'''Paz'''. 1. Spanish. Meaning "Peace" in Spanish. From a title of the Virgin Mary, ''Nuestra Señora de la Paz'', meaning "Our Lady of Peace."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paz-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809073347/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paz-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. (פָּז). Hebrew. Meaning "Gold."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/paz-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602122434/https://www.behindthename.com/name/paz-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 4,021 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PA/PAZ/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, one syllable, peace

'''Peregrine'''. English. Meaning "Traveller" in Latin. This was the name of several saints, and it is also the word for a bird of prey in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/peregrine [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209082401/https://www.behindthename.com/name/peregrine Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 107 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 84% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PE/PEREGRINE/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-24 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720174253/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PE/PEREGRINE/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: animals, birds, Christian, three syllables, travel

'''Perrin'''. Archaic French, medieval English, and Romani. Diminutive form of the masculine names Pierre and Pier, which are both forms of the name Peter.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/perrin/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220528165154/https://www.behindthename.com/name/perrin/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Peter comes from Greek ''Petros'' (Πέτρος), meaning "Stone," and was the name of an important saint.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/peter [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616013715/https://www.behindthename.com/name/peter Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,008 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 76% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PE/PERRIN/index.html</ref> Keywords: earth, medieval, stone, two syllables

'''Philip''' or '''Phillip'''. In England, during the 1500s, this traditionally masculine name was just as commonly used as a feminine name.<ref>Charles W. Bardsley. ''Curiosities of Puritan Nomenclature''. New York: R. Worthington, 1880. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Curiosities_of_Puritan_Nomenclature Page 25-26, 43.</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, renaissance, Tudor era, two syllables.

'''Phoenix'''. English. Meaning "A mythological bird that was immortal because it could be reborn from its own ashes" in Greek.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/phoenix [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075947/https://www.behindthename.com/name/phoenix Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 873 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 60% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PH/PHOENIX/index.html</ref> Keywords: animals, birds, eternity, fire, magic, mystical, mythology, neutral inclined, rebirth, two syllables

'''Pier'''. Italian and Dutch. A form of the masculine name Peter.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/pier [https://web.archive.org/web/20230503091031/https://www.behindthename.com/name/pier Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Peter comes from Greek ''Petros'' (Πέτρος), meaning "Stone," and was the name of an important saint.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/peter [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616013715/https://www.behindthename.com/name/peter Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,100 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 79% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PI/PIER/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, one syllable, saint name, stone

'''Pip'''. English. Diminutive of masculine Philip or feminine Philippa.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/pip [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326151524/https://www.behindthename.com/name/pip Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Philip means "friend of horses" in Greek.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/philip [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324192956/https://www.behindthename.com/name/philip Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: animals, Christian, one syllable

'''Pippin''' meaning awe-inspiring is a very rare name in the United States, and is used as a feminine name 67.5% of the time, but is mostly used as a male name India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/pippin |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201021708/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/pippin |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.indiachildnames.com/mobile/genderof.aspx?name=Pippin{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pippin has a Germanic origin. Pippin is used as a diminutive for Philip, Philippa, and for the male character Peregrin in Lord of the Rings. Pippin is also the name of a Broadway play, and a type of apple.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/pippin |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-29 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201021708/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/pippin |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: food, fruit, Christian, two syllables

'''Prabhjot'''. US SSA data shows about 358 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PR/PRABHJOT/index.html</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Pranjal'''. US SSA data shows about 28 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PR/PRANJAL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Presley'''. English. From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Priest's clearing" or "Priest's meadow" in Old English. This started to be transferred to a given name during the 1990s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/presley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230521012848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/presley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,551 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 82% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PR/PRESLEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: music, two syllables

'''Psalm'''. Puritan. Meaning "A religious song sung to harp music" in English, ultimately from Greek.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/psalm/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20200118140318/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/psalm/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 28 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 64% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/P/PS/PSALM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180303164751/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/P/PS/PSALM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: music, neutral inclined, one syllable, religious

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#p]]

Neutral names starting with J

2026-05-29T01:57:51Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=j}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with J''', continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with J include Jackie, Jaden, Jan, Jamie, Jay, Jean, Jerry, Jessie, Jo, and Jordan. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with J, more than 130 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with I]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with K]].

== The list ==

'''Jabre'''. American, modern. From the masculine Arabic name Jabar (جابار). Meaning "Comforting."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jabre [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330051624/https://babynames.com/name/jabre Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://imuslim.name/2012-meaning-Jabar-muslim-arabic-names.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809192138/https://imuslim.name/2012-meaning-Jabar-muslim-arabic-names.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: positive, two syllables

'''Jace'''. American, modern. Short form of the Greek masculine name Jason (Ἰάσων). Meaning "Healer."<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_(given_name) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607225541/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_%28given_name%29 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: healing, occupation, one syllable, positive

'''Jaci'''. Tupi (Native American). From Tupi ''îasy'', meaning "moon."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaci-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330015841/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaci-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: moon, nature, sky, two syllables

'''Jacey'''. American, modern. Short form of the Greek masculine name Jason (Ἰάσων). Meaning "Healer."<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_(given_name) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607225541/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_%28given_name%29 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: healing, occupation, positive, two syllables

'''Jackie'''. American, modern. Diminutive of the English masculine name, Jack<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jack.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602142537/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jack.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, and the French and English feminine name, Jacqueline<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jacqueline.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205180222/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jacqueline.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>. Meaning "Supplanter."<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jackie.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327031532/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jackie.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames">https://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_03.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220215427/http://20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_03.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jackopa'''. Native American, Ojibwa. Meaning "Six."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jackopa [https://web.archive.org/web/20221004003037/https://babynames.com/name/jackopa Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: numbers, three syllables

'''Jacobean'''. English. Meaning "From the reign of James I of England, the time period of the mid-19th century."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jacobean [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322065754/https://babynames.com/name/jacobean Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jacquard'''. French. Meaning "Weaving in a pattern."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jacquard [https://web.archive.org/web/20230228172927/https://babynames.com/name/jacquard Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jada''' (יָדָע). Hebrew. Meaning "He knows," or "Wise."<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jada.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220818162339/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jada.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jada-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325025502/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jada-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: character traits, intelligence, two syllables, virtue

'''Jade'''. English. Meaning "The precious stone, jade." Variants: '''Jaden''', '''Jadyn''', '''Jaiden''', '''Jayda''', '''Jayde''', and '''Jayden'''.<ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: earth, nature, stone, treasure, two syllables

'''Jaden'''. Modern. Neutral variant of the masculine Hebrew name, Jadon (יָדוֹן). Meaning "He will judge." Also, sometimes an elaborated version of the name '''Jade''', meaning "The precious stone."<ref name="2knames" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230327050829/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jaden.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327050829/http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Jaden.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jadon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419232139/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jadon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419161856/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Other neutral variants: '''Jaden''',<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419161856/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''Jadyn''',<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jadyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419083153/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jadyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''Jaiden''',<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaiden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603022159/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaiden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''Jaetyn''',<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaetyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230321103727/https://babynames.com/name/jaetyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''Jayden''', and '''Jaydon'''.<ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: gems, minerals, religion, religious, two syllables

'''Jae'''. 1. (재). Korean. A neutral name meaning "Talent" or "Wealth," depending on the ''hanja'' characters with the same pronunciation used to write it. Pronounced "Cheh."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jae-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220925052252/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jae-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. English. Variant spelling of the name '''Jay''', which see. Keywords: one syllable.

'''Jaffe''' (יָפֶה). Hebrew. Neutral transcription of the feminine name '''Yaffa'''. Meaning "Beautiful."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaffe [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331155229/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaffe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffa [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529095349/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffa Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Other neutral variant: '''Yafe'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafe [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011825/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: appearance, beauty, virtue

'''Jahdahdieh'''. Onondaga (Native American). Meaning "Whale who sails."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jahdahdieh [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322185109/https://babynames.com/name/jahdahdieh Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jaime'''. Spanish. The Spanish pronunciation is "HI-may," and an anglicized pronuncation is "JAY-mee." A neutral form of the English masculine name James,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530110953/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> from the Latin masculine name Iacomus, from the Biblical Latin masculine name Iacobus, from the Biblical Hebrew name Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), which is otherwise anglicized as Jacob. Meaning "Holder of the heel" or "Supplanter."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/james [https://web.archive.org/web/20230409035428/http://www.behindthename.com/name/james Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628141444/http://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaime [https://web.archive.org/web/20230412064515/https://babynames.com/name/Jaime Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, Jaime was used as a masculine name 55% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/J/JA/JAIME/index.html</ref> Keywords: Biblical, two syllables

'''Jaimin'''. English, modern. A neutral variant of the English masculine name James, from the Latin masculine name Iacomus, from the Biblical Latin masculine name Iacobus, from the Biblical Hebrew name Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), which is otherwise anglicized as Jacob. Meaning "Holder of the heel" or "Supplanter."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/james [https://web.archive.org/web/20230409035428/http://www.behindthename.com/name/james Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628141444/http://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaimin [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808064628/https://babynames.com/name/jaimin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, two syllables

'''Jairdan'''. English, modern. A combination of the names Jair and Jordan.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jairdan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324170736/https://babynames.com/name/jairdan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern, two syllables

'''Jalen'''. African American English. From a combination of the masculine names James and Leonard.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jalen [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325213240/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jalen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is more often a masculine name, but some variants are seen as more neutral, such as '''Jaylen,'''<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaylen [https://web.archive.org/web/20220811142618/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaylen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''Jaylin'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaylen [https://web.archive.org/web/20220811142618/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaylen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jam'''. English, modern. Meaning "A sweet condiment" or "A musical get-together."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jam [https://web.archive.org/web/20220813114702/https://babynames.com/name/Jam Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: cute, food, music, one syllable

'''Jamaica'''. English, modern. From the name of the place Jamaica. Meaning "Land of wood and water."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jamaica [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323200738/https://babynames.com/name/jamaica Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''James'''. English. Usually masculine, but sometimes neutral. From the Latin masculine name Iacomus, from the Biblical Latin masculine name Iacobus, from the Biblical Hebrew name Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), which is otherwise anglicized as Jacob. Meaning "Holder of the heel" or "Supplanter."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/james [https://web.archive.org/web/20230409035428/http://www.behindthename.com/name/james Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628141444/http://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/james [https://web.archive.org/web/20230228172927/https://babynames.com/name/JAMES Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>Neutral variants: '''Jame''',<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jame [https://web.archive.org/web/20221126235247/https://babynames.com/name/jame Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''Jamese''',<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jamese [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604135401/https://babynames.com/name/jamese Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''Jaymes'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaymes [https://web.archive.org/web/20220810173129/https://babynames.com/name/jaymes Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, one syllable, two syllables

'''Jameson'''. English. A neutral name from the surname, meaning "Son of James."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jameson [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324162711/https://babynames.com/name/Jameson Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jamie'''. English and Scottish. A neutral form of the English masculine name James,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530110953/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> from the Latin masculine name Iacomus, from the Biblical Latin masculine name Iacobus, from the Biblical Hebrew name Ya'aqov (יַעֲקֹב), which is otherwise anglicized as Jacob. Meaning "Holder of the heel" or "Supplanter."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/james [https://web.archive.org/web/20230409035428/http://www.behindthename.com/name/james Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628141444/http://www.behindthename.com/name/jacob Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Variants: '''Jaime''', '''Jayme'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jayme [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604100133/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jayme Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, two syllables. Notable nonbinary people with this name include [[Jamie Wildman]] and [[Jamie Windust]].

'''Jamyang'''. Tibetan. Meaning "Gentle song."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamyang [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322124117/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jamyang Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: arts, music, voice

'''Jan'''. A name that is masculine in some places, feminine in others. 1. Dutch. A masculine name, pronounced "Yahn," a form of the name John. 2. English. A feminine name, short for Janet or Janice.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jan [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812053200/https://babynames.com/name/jan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Janika'''. A feminine name in some places, and a masculine name in others. 1. Finnish. A feminine name from the German name Jannike. Meaning "God is gracious." 2. Hungarian. A masculine name from János. Meaning "God is gracious."<ref name="2knames" />

'''January'''. English. Meaning "Born in January."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/january [https://web.archive.org/web/20220818050020/https://babynames.com/name/january Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: birth, four syllables, time, seasons, winter

'''Jaramillo'''. Spanish. From the surname, from the place name in the south of Castilla, meaning "Of the jaramago tree."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/janus [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322060647/https://babynames.com/name/janus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jaren'''. English, modern. A combination of the names Jay and Darren.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaren [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203190227/https://babynames.com/name/jaren Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jaspen'''. English, modern. A combination of the names Jasper and Aspen.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaspen [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816094904/https://babynames.com/name/jaspen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jasvinder''' or '''Jaswinder''' (ਜਸਵਿੰਦਰ). Gurmukhi, Sikh. Meaning "Fame, praise, glory," combined with the name of the Hindu thunder god Indra.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaswinder [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401015403/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaswinder Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Java'''. English, modern. From the type of coffee, from the Arabic word for the island in Indonesia.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/java [https://web.archive.org/web/20230518032407/https://babynames.com/name/java Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: food, technology, two syllables

'''Jawdat''' (جودت). Arabic. Meaning "Excellence."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jawdat [https://web.archive.org/web/20230223202445/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jawdat Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jax'''. English. Short form of Jackson, from the surname, meaning "Son of Jack." Jack originated as a form of the masculine name John. John comes from the Latin masculine name Iohannes, from Greek masculine name Ioannes, from the Hebrew masculine name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jax [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074405/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jax Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jax [https://web.archive.org/web/20221214231302/https://babynames.com/name/jax Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Variants: '''Jaxie'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaxie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230321120259/https://babynames.com/name/jaxie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, one syllable, two syllables. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] bearing this name include Jax in the short film ''Royalty''.

'''Jay'''. Short form of many names beginning with the letter J. Also the type of bird. Variant: '''Jaye'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jay-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230501071711/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jay-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaye [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315223934/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaye Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: birds, nature, one syllable

'''Jaya''' (जया or जय). Sanskrit. A feminine name in some regions of India, and a msculine name in others. Meaning "Victory."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaya [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325102125/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jaya Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jaycee'''. English, modern. From the initials "J. C.," which can refer to many names, including Jesus Christ.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaycee [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327045757/https://babynames.com/name/jaycee Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, modern, two syllables

'''Jaydel'''. English, modern. From a combination of the names Jay and Dell.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jaydel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402022753/https://babynames.com/name/jaydel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jazz'''. English, modern. Meaning "The jazz style of music."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jazz [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401112154/https://babynames.com/name/jazz Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern, music, one syllable

'''Jaz'''. English, modern. Meaning "Ungovernable, chaotic good, heart of gold". Can be a nickname or adaptation of Jamie, Jazmin, Jasmine, James. Keywords: modern, unisex, one syllable.

'''Jean'''. English. Meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jean [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812053655/https://babynames.com/name/jean Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jeong''' (정). Korean. Meaning "Gentle" or "Virtuous," depending on the ''hanja'' characters used to write it with the same pronunciation. Pronounced "Chung."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeong [https://web.archive.org/web/20230425013141/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jem'''. English. A short form of names such as James and Jemima. Also a variant of "Gem."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jem [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401175949/https://babynames.com/name/jem Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, nature, one syllable

'''Jeren'''. English, modern. A short form of names such as Jerome, Jerry, Geraldine, or Gerald.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jeren [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130072359/https://babynames.com/name/jeren Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jermaine'''. French. Meaning "From Germany." Variants: '''Jermane.'''<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jermaine [https://web.archive.org/web/20221204212112/https://babynames.com/name/jermaine Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jerry'''. English. Short for many names starting with this sound, such sa Jeremy, Gerry, and Geraldine. Variants: '''Jerri''', '''Jerrie'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerry [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320035545/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerry Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jersey'''. English. From the place name, meaning "Grassy island."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jersey [https://web.archive.org/web/20221128220915/https://babynames.com/name/jersey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jerusalem'''. Hebrew. From the place name, meaning "Heritage of peace."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jerusalem [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202121704/https://babynames.com/name/jerusalem Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jes''' or '''Jess'''. Short form of names such as Jessie, Jessica, Jesemin, Jesper, etc.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jess [https://web.archive.org/web/20230610164520/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jess Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable nonbinary people with this name include comedian [[Jes Tom]]. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Jess Goldberg, the protagonist of ''Stone Butch Blues'' by [[Leslie Feinberg]].

'''Jesse'''. English, Dutch, and Finnish. Usually masculine, but sometimes neutral. From the Biblical Hebrew masculine name Yishai (יִשַׁי), meaning "Gift."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jesse [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603010652/https://babynames.com/name/JESSE Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jesse [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326022518/http://www.behindthename.com/name/jesse Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jessie''' or '''Jessi'''. Originally a Scottish diminutive of Jean. In modern times it is also used as a diminutive of Jessica.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jessie-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081445/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jessie-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Also a variant of Jesse, from the Hebrew name יִשַׁי (Yishai), which possibly means "gift".<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jessie-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080833/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jessie-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jewel''' or '''Jewell'''. Partly from the English word ''jewel'', a precious stone, derived from Old French ''jouel'', which was possibly related to ''jeu'' "game". Also partly from the Breton name Judicaël, derived from the elements ''iudd'' "lord, prince" and ''hael'' "generous". This was the name of a 7th-century Breton king, also regarded as a saint.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jewel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082521/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jewel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: gems, French, two syllables, saints

'''Ji''' (지). Korean. Meaning "Wisdom," or other meanings, depending on the ''hanja'' used to write it with the same pronunciation. Pronounced "Jee."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025203655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jia'''. Chinese. Meaning "Auspicious," "Home," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jia [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025205535/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jia Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jian'''. Chinese. Meaning "Establish," or "Healthy," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jian [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605005614/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jian Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jiang'''. Chinese. Meaning "Yangtze river," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jiang [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325071042/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jiang Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jicarilla'''. Apache Native American. Meaning "Water rapids."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jicarilla [https://web.archive.org/web/20221209234634/https://babynames.com/name/jicarilla Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jie'''. Chinese. Meaning "Heroic," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328175453/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Ji-Hu'''. Korean. Meaning "Wisdom" and "thick," or other meanings, depending on the ''hanja'' used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01hu [https://web.archive.org/web/20221208070253/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01hu Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jiles'''. English, modern. A variant of the name Giles.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jiles [https://web.archive.org/web/20230128100025/https://babynames.com/name/jiles Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jimi''' or '''Jimmie'''. English. Neutral short form of the usually masculine name James.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jimmie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230219204739/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jimmie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Ji-Min'''. Korean. Meaning "Ambition" and "Clever," or other meanings, depending on the ''hanja'' used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01min [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081438/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01min Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jin'''. Chinese. Meaning "Gold," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601063211/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jinan''' (جنان). Arabic. Meaning "Garden" or "Paradise."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jinan [https://web.archive.org/web/20211024220729/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jinan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jindra'''. Czech. Neutral short form of names such as the feminine Jindřiška and masculine Jindřich,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jindra [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081439/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jindra Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jindr18ich [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011751/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jindr18ich Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> which come from the English name Henry, meaning "Ruler of the house."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/henry [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529044941/https://www.behindthename.com/name/henry Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jing'''. Chinese. Meaning "Crystal," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jing [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jing Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jingyi'''. Chinese. Meaning "Joy," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jing [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jing Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jip'''. Frisian. Neutral short form of names such as Germanic masculine Gijsbert and feminine Gijsberta.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jip [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003115313/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jip Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Ji-Soo''' or '''Ji-Su'''. Korean. Meaning "Ambition" and "Luxuriant," or other meanings, depending on the ''hanja'' used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01su [https://web.archive.org/web/20221208070253/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ji01su Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jo'''. Dutch, English, German, and Norwegian. Neutral short form of many names beginning with Jo, such as feminine names Joan, Joanna, Johanna, and Josephine, and masculine names Johannes and Josef. The variants '''Joey'''<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/joey [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528030743/https://www.behindthename.com/name/joey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and '''Joe''' are more often masculine, but not exclusively.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323071817/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jo [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812111210/https://babynames.com/name/jo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Jo in the original American Repertory Theater production of ''Jagged Little Pill''. Keywords: one syllable

'''Jocelyn'''. English. In France, this is a masculine name, but in English, it has been neutral since the 20th century. Meaning "The Germanic tribe of the Geats or the Goths." Neutral variants: '''Jocelin.''' <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jocelyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628171457/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jocelyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jody'''. English. A neutral name popularized in the 20th century. Possibly derived from names such as Judy or Joseph. Also short for other names beginning with the letter J.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jody [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604131704/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jody Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jody [https://web.archive.org/web/20220129081212/https://babynames.com/name/jody Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Johnie''' or '''Johnnie'''. English. Neutral form of the English masculine name John, from Latin masculine name Iohannes, from Greek masculine name Ioannes, from the Hebrew masculine name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן). Meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/johnnie [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034653/https://www.behindthename.com/name/johnnie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Jojo'''. English. Neutral short form of of Joseph, Jolene, and other names that begin with Jo.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jojo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528031354/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jojo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: two syllables

'''Jools'''. English. Neutral short form of neutral Jules,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jules-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602123617/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jules-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> masculine Julian, or feminine Julia.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jools [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306003746/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jools Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> From the Latin masculine name Julius. Meaning uncertain, possibly "Downy-bearded," or "From the god Jupiter."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/julius [https://web.archive.org/web/20230708173958/http://www.behindthename.com/name/julius Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable.

'''Jordan''' (יַרְדֵן). English, French, Macedonian, and Serbian. Meaning "The river that flows between the countries of Jordan and Israel, where Jesus was baptized."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jordan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529011743/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jordan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Variants: '''Jordi''', '''Jordie''', '''Jordyn'''.<ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: Biblical, Christian, two syllables.

'''Jordence'''. English, modern. From a combination of the names Jordan and Cadence.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jordence [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322151128/https://babynames.com/name/jordence Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jorryn'''. English, modern. From a combination of the names Jory and Torin.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jorryn [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808193206/https://babynames.com/name/jorryn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jory'''. English. From the Cornish form of the name George, meaning "Farmer."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jory [https://web.archive.org/web/20221126234153/https://babynames.com/name/jory Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''José'''. Spanish. Usually masculine, but in Spanish-speaking countries, this is also used as part of a double name for girls. From the Hebrew masculine name Joseph (יוֹסֵף). Meaning "He will add."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jose10 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230526130420/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jose10 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, Christian, Jewish, masculine inclined, two syllables

'''Joss'''. English. Short form of the English neutral name Jocelyn, which see. Meaning "The Germanic tribe of the Geats or Goths."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/joss [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075453/https://www.behindthename.com/name/joss Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: one syllable

'''Jothi''' (ஜோதி). Tamil. From the Sanskrit neutral name Jyoti (ज्योती). Meaning "Light."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jothi [https://web.archive.org/web/20211130164957/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jothi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyoti [https://web.archive.org/web/20220703170805/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyoti Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Jourdain'''. French. A form of the name Jordan.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jourdain [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812054205/https://babynames.com/name/jourdain Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Journey'''. English, modern. Meaning "Travel." Variants: '''Jurnee''', '''Jurnie''', '''Journee''', and '''Journi'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/journey [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325005413/https://babynames.com/name/journey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jovany'''. American, modern. American spelling of the Italian name Giovanni. Variants: '''Jovani''', '''Jovanny''', '''Jovanni'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jovany [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322161523/https://babynames.com/name/jovany Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Joweese'''. Seneca Native American. Meaning "Chirping bird."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/joweese [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809013652/https://babynames.com/name/joweese Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Joy-Againe'''. English, Puritan. A name given to a child after losing a previous child.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/joy01againe/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20190509014446/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/joy01againe/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: birth order, emotions, happiness, three syllables, two words

'''Joyce'''. English. From the masculine Josse, from masculine Iudocus, from Breton masculine Judoc. Meaning "Lord."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/joyce [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605225747/https://www.behindthename.com/name/joyce Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> keywords: nobility, one syllable, power

'''Ju'''. Chinese. Meaning "Chrysanthemum," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ju [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525103405/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ju Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Jubilation'''. English, Puritan. Meaning "Rejoicing."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jubilation/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211024092042/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jubilation/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Judaea'''. English. Meaning "Land of the descendants of Judah."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/judaea [https://web.archive.org/web/20220810030039/https://babynames.com/name/judaea Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jude'''. Variant or short form of Judas, Julian or Judith.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jude-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328030112/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jude-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jude-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221110001356/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jude-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> [[Notable nonbinary people]] by this name include activist and model [[Jude Guaitamacchi]]. US data states that Jude is used as a masculine name 93% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/J/JU/JUDE/index{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

'''Juke'''. American, modern. From the African-American slang, meaning "Dance suggestively," which is the origin of the word jukebox.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/juke [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203214419/https://babynames.com/name/juke Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jules'''. Neutral short form of the names Julia and Julian, which derive from Julius.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jules-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602123617/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jules-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable nonbinary people with this name include activist and model [[Jules Guaitamacchi]].<ref name="uspi_Tran">{{Cite web |title=Trans activist reveals how we can all be better allies to stand in solidarity together |last=Mendoza |first=Nadia |work=Uspire Life |date=25 June 2020 |access-date=5 February 2021 |url= https://uspire.life/2020/06/25/transgender-trans-rights-jules-guaitamacchi-jk-rowling|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418122636/https://uspire.life/2020/06/25/transgender-trans-rights-jules-guaitamacchi-jk-rowling/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Jules in the novel ''Finna'' by [[Nino Cipri]].

'''Julian'''. From the Roman name Iulianus, which was derived from Julius.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/julian [https://web.archive.org/web/20230616074344/https://www.behindthename.com/name/julian Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''July'''. English. Meaning "Born in the month of July."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/july [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003085222/https://babynames.com/name/july Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jumeaux'''. French. Meaning "Twins that are two boys, or twins that are a boy and a girl."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jumeaux [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322195723/https://babynames.com/name/jumeaux Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jumoke'''. African, Yoruba. Short for names such as Olajumoke or Adejumoke.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jumoke [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322055231/https://babynames.com/name/jumoke Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jun''' 1. Chinese. Meaning "King," or other meanings, depending on the characters used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jun-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025203656/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jun-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. Korean. Meaning "Talented," or other meanings, depending on the ''hanja'' used to write it with the same pronunciation.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jun-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025203656/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jun-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 3. (じゅん). Japanese. Meaning "Order" (順), "Abiding" (遵), "Associate" (准), "Season" (旬), or other meanings depending on kanji spelling.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/jun.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902204054/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/jun.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Juneau'''. French. From the place surname or place name. Meaning "Young."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/juneau [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401120250/https://babynames.com/name/juneau Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Juno'''. Latin. Meaning “Young woman”. Juno was the goddess of marriage in Roman mythology.<ref>https://wowbabyname.com/juno-name-meaning-and-origin/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221208205319/https://wowbabyname.com/juno-name-meaning-and-origin/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable nonbinary people with this name include [[Juno Mitchell]] and [[Juno Roche]]. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] bearing this name include Juno Steel in ''The Penumbra Podcast''.

'''Jupiter'''. Latin. Meaning "The thunder god, Jupiter."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jupiter [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603012851/https://babynames.com/name/JUPITER Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Justice'''. English. Meaning "A judge," or "Fairness."<ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/justice/boy</ref> Almost totally equally used for makes and females.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/justice [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081936/https://www.behindthename.com/name/justice Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/justice%20 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-12-02 |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204015044/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/justice%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: Fairness, neutral-inclined, noun, virtue

'''Justy'''. English. Neutral short form of masculine Justin and feminine Justine.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/justy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605003658/https://www.behindthename.com/name/justy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Juri''' (じゅり). Japanese. Meaning "Acceptance" (受理), "Tree village" (樹里) or other meanings depending on kanji spelling.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/11/juri.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20190907075756/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com:80/2009/11/juri.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Juul'''. Dutch. Neutral short form of feminine Julia and masculine Julius.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/juul [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306003747/https://www.behindthename.com/name/juul Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Jyler'''. English, modern. Variant of the name Tyler.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/jyler [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328021242/https://babynames.com/name/jyler Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern, two syllables

'''Jyoti''' (ज्योती). Indian, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, Assamese, and Nepali. From Sanskrit, meaning "Light."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jothi [https://web.archive.org/web/20211130164957/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jothi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyoti [https://web.archive.org/web/20220703170805/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyoti Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In Telugu: '''Jyothi''' (జ్యోతి), and Malayalam: '''Jyothi''' (ജ്യോതി).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyothi [https://web.archive.org/web/20230402002123/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyothi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Jyrgal''' (Жыргал). Kyrgyz. Meaning "Happiness."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyrgal [https://web.archive.org/web/20220815000232/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jyrgal Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

<br />
[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#j]]

English neutral pronouns

2026-05-29T00:37:47Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Side list
|title = Most used neutral pronouns
|content =
# They/them (79.5%)
# Xe/xem (7.2%)
# E/em (5.2%)
# Ze/hir (4.7%)
# It/its (4.4%)
# Fae/faer (4.3%)

Data provided by the 2019 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2019}}
}}
'''English neutral pronouns''' are useful not only when writing documents that need to use inclusive language, but also for any [[nonbinary]] people who prefer not to have their pronouns imply that they are female or male. As shown in surveys, many nonbinary people are okay with being called "he" or "she," but there are also many nonbinary people who don't want to be called either of these. The surveys show that the most popular gender-neutral pronoun for nonbinary people is [[singular they]], but nearly as many prefer or accept some other neutral pronoun. See examples of this in [[Pronouns#Examples_of_specific_nonbinary_people.27s_pronouns|pronouns in use for nonbinary people]].

==History==

In English, people are usually called by a [[pronouns|pronoun]] that implies their gender. For example, [[English neutral pronouns#She|she]] for women, and [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]] for men. The use of [[singular they]] as a gender-neutral pronoun has been documented as standard usage in English throughout the past thousand years. However, prescriptive grammarians in the late eighteenth century decided that it was bad grammar because it works like a plural and because it isn't done in Latin.<ref name-"Churchyard">{{cite web|first=Henry|last= Churchyard|title=Jane Austen and other famous authors violate what everyone learned in their English class|url=http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319092926/http://www.crossmyt.com/hc/linghebr/austheir.html |archive-date=19 March 2012}}</ref>

Prescriptive grammarians of the late eighteenth century instead recommended using "he" as a gender-neutral pronoun when one is needed, instead of "singular they."<ref name="bustillos 250">{{Cite web |title=Our Desperate, 250-Year-Long Search for a Gender-Neutral Pronoun |last=Bustillos |first=Maria |work=The Awl |date=6 January 2011 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104253/https://www.theawl.com/2011/01/our-desperate-250-year-long-search-for-a-gender-neutral-pronoun/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> However, "gender-neutral he" results in writings that are unclear about whether they mean only men or not, which makes problems in law.<ref name="Pullum">{{cite web|first=Geoffrey|last=Pullum|title=Canada Supreme Court Gets the Grammar Right.|work=Language Log|date=18 August 2004 |url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601201219/http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001362.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

===Regional nominative pronouns===

There have been some native English dialects that have their own gender-neutral pronouns, such as a, ou, and yo. These are often regional. One curious thing that a, ou, and yo all have in common is that they have only been recorded in their nominative form. It's possible that these three sets of pronouns may not actually have other forms (possessive, reflexive, etc). For this reason, these three sets of native English pronouns are listed separately from the other pronouns on this page that have complete forms. Although it's easy to make up more forms for these pronouns (such as inventing "ouself" [sic]), this is not what linguists have recorded in use.

====A====

'''A''' (nominative form only). "In 1789, William H. Marshall records […] Middle English epicene ‘a’, used by the 14th century English writer John of Trevisa and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of ‘a’ for he, she, it, they, and even I. This ‘a’ is a reduced form of the Anglo-Saxon he = ‘he’ and heo = ‘she’.”<ref>Baron, Dennis (1986). Grammar and Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03526-8. as cited by Williams, John (1990s).</ref> <ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418022839/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html| url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html|last=Williams|first=John|archive-date=18 April 2010|title=History - Native-English GNPs|work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ}}</ref> Some living British dialects still use the gender-neutral "a" pronoun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Epicene pronouns|work=American Heritage Book of English Usage|url=http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|archive-date=30 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630041424/http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|access-date=29 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Ou====

'''Ou''' (nominative form only) was first recorded in a native English dialect in the sixteenth century. "In 1789, William H. Marshall records the existence of a dialectal English epicene pronoun, singular ou: '"Ou will" expresses either he will, she will, or it will.' Marshall traces ou to Middle English epicene a, used by the fourteenth-century English writer John of Trevisa, and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of a for he, she, it, they, and even I." In K. A. Cook's short story "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the queer character Moon asks to be called by "ou" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

====Yo====

'''Yo''' (nominative form only). In addition to an interjection and greeting, "yo" is a gender-neutral pronoun in a dialect of African-American Vernacular English spoken by middle school students in Baltimore, Maryland, the student body of which is 97% African-American. These students had spontaneously created the pronoun as early as 2004 and commonly used it. A study by Stotko and Troyer in 2007 examined this pronoun. The speakers used "yo" only for same-age peers, not adults or authorities. They thought of it as a slang word that was informal, but they also thought of it as just as acceptable as "he" or "she". "Yo" was used for people whose gender was unknown, as well as for specific people whose gender was known, often while using a pointing gesture at the person in question. The researchers collected examples of the word in use, such as "yo threw a thumbtack at me," "you acting like I said what yo said," and "she ain't really go with yo." The researchers only collected examples of "yo" used in the nominative form. That is, they found no possessive forms such as "yo's," and no reflexive forms such as "yoself." As such, "yo" pronouns might be used only in nominative form, similar to another native English gender-neutral pronoun, "[[English neutral pronouns#A|a]]." Either that, or these forms exist, and the researchers just didn't collect them.<ref>Rebecca Hersher, "'Yo' said what?" April 24, 2013. ''NPR: Code Switch''. [http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/04/25/178788893/yo-said-what] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206111736/http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2013/04/25/178788893/yo-said-what Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Elizabeth J. Elrod, "Give us a gender neutral pronoun, yo!: The need for and creation of a gender neutral, singular, third person, personal pronoun." ''Undergraduate Honors Theses'' paper 200. 2014. http://dc.etsu.edu/honors/200 or http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1203&context=honors (PDF)</ref>

===Neopronouns===

'''Neopronoun''' is a category for any English pronouns that are independent from traditional third person English pronouns. In the strictest sense, a neopronoun is a singular third-person pronoun which is not [[English_neutral_pronouns#He|he/him]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#She|she/her]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#It|it/its]], or [[English_neutral_pronouns#They|they/them]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xojane.com/issues/we-need-more-pronouns|title=UNPOPULAR OPINION: We Should Have More Pronouns |date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903114254/https://www.xojane.com/issues/we-need-more-pronouns |archive-date=3 September 2018 |last=Graham |first=Lore}}</ref> There is some disagreement in the nonbinary community on whether "it/its" should be considered a neopronoun when used for a person<ref>https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Neopronouns#It [https://web.archive.org/web/20220730102742/https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Neopronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, as the traditional usage is for animals, objects, and concepts.

Seeking a solution to the problem of a lack of a gender-neutral pronoun in English that satisfies all needs, people since the mid-nineteenth century have proposed many new gender-neutral singular pronouns.<ref name="aetherlumina archive history">{{cite web |title=History |work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ |url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050207103316/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html |archive-date=7 February 2005}}</ref> For example, [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]], [[English neutral pronouns#E|Spivak pronouns]], and others. None of these new words (neologisms) have become standard use or adopted into books of English grammar. However, some sets of these neologistic pronouns have seen a use for real people with [[nonbinary]] gender identities, and for characters in fiction. These neologisms are the main topic explored in the list that follows in this article.

==The list==

This list is of third-person gender-neutral singular pronouns in English. Some are "new" pronouns, and others have been in use for over a hundred years.

Please feel free to add more, though note that if you don't provide citations for [[Talk:English neutral pronouns#Notability|notability]] or include all five forms your entry may be moved to the talk page or be removed entirely. List pronoun sets in alphabetical order by their nominative form, or by the name of the set.

===Alternating pronouns===

'''he, her, his, herself''' (for one of many possible examples). Instead of using an alternative or neutral pronoun set, some people prefer an alternation between different sets. This is also called "rolling pronouns" by some.<ref name="Jakubowski">{{Cite web |title=Too Queer for Your Binary: Everything You Need to Know and More About Non-Binary Identities |last=Jakubowski |first=Kaylee |work=Everyday Feminism |date=4 March 2014 |access-date=7 June 2020 |url= https://everydayfeminism.com/2014/03/too-queer-for-your-binary/ |quote=rolling pronouns (which involves changing the persons pronoun each time that one comes up in a sentence – for example, “She went to the store, and on the way there he ran into an old friend who asked hir how they were doing”) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523084225/https://everydayfeminism.com/2014/03/too-queer-for-your-binary/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Justice Ginsburg was in favor of alternating "he" and "she" pronouns to make legal documents gender-inclusive.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.{{Gender Census|2018}} Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns,<ref>{{cite tweet|user=BlackTransMedia|number=1163607100053950464|title=What a #blacktranseverything thread thank you sis[...] I don't post photos of myself here yall inspire(d) me so here I go.. I'm sasha founder/one of the co-directors of black trans media, I use she/they/he pronouns + insist that you mix it up or use my name #blacktransloveiswealth|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Wicker">{{Cite web |title=TRANS POET SASHA - SHE, HE, THEY |last=Wicker |first=Randolfe |work=YouTube |date=9 March 2015 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121100124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=21 November 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> as does author [[Pat Schmatz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|date=30 June 2019|access-date=25 May 2020|title=Gender Stories: Writing non-binary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719114721/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|archive-date=19 July 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''her'' a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''her'' I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''he'' does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''he'' lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''. '''or''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

===E===

There are several very similar sets of pronouns with the nominative form of "E," which have been independently proposed or revived over the last hundred years.<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070310130020/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html ''4.2.5. Comprehensive Listing of Neologisms'', March 10 2007]</ref><ref name="d baron epicene">{{cite web|first=Dennis|last= Baron|title=The Words that Failed: A chronology of early nonbinary pronouns|url=http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622223218/http://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm|archive-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>

====E (Spivak pronouns)====
'''E, Em, Eir, Eirs, Emself'''. These are sometimes called spivak pronouns. In 1990, Michael Spivak used them in his manual, ''The Joy of TeX,'' so that no person in his examples had a specified gender. These pronouns became well-known on the Internet because they were built into a popular multi-user chat, LambdaMOO, in 1991. Many users enjoyed choosing pronouns that didn't specify their gender. The pronouns then became a common feature of other multi-user chats made throughout the 1990s. Although many other variations have been attributed to Michael Spivak, this is the actual set Spivak used in ''The Joy of TeX'' in 1990 or 1991. Note that he always capitalized all forms of it, but not all users of these pronouns do so. <ref name="aetherluminarefs">https://web.archive.org/web/20070310125817/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/references.html</ref> Spivak doesn't indicate whether he created these pronouns, or adopted or adapted them from somewhere else. Spivak is credited with having created these pronouns, although his book doesn't outright say that they're of his own creation. (Compare Elverson's [[English neutral pronouns#Ey|ey]] pronouns, which are very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.)

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* When a programmer added this pronoun set to LambdaMOO in 1991, he used the same spelling as Spivak, but not capitalized.<ref>{{cite web| author= V.Dentata |title=MOO Bash FAQ|date=1999|url=http://www.amanita.net/bashfaq.html|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308055037/http://www.amanita.net:80/bashfaq.html}}</ref> Regarding LambdaMOO, John Costello wrote, "I know the wizard who originally included the spivak pronouns on the MOO. He says he did it just on a whim after having read ''the Joy of TeX'' — he never thought they'd acquire the sexual and political nimbus they have over the years."<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref> LambdaMOO's "help spivak" command explains that these pronouns "were developed by mathematician Michael Spivak for use in his books."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' 2004. P. 33.</ref> Programmer Roger "Rog" Crew tested the LambdaMOO system by putting more pronoun options into it in May 1991, including Spivak's set he remembered from ''The Joy of TeX.'' Crew didn't delete the pronouns after testing them, and later expressed "dismay" that the spivak pronouns became popular.<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 34.</ref><ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* Spivak pronouns became such a part of 1990s Internet culture that a handbook to that culture, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing'' (2003), uses spivak pronouns whenever speaking of a hypothetical person whose gender need not be specified.<ref>Elizabeth Hess, ''Yib's Guide to Mooing: Getting the Most from Virtual Communities on the Internet.'' 2003. p. 3, p. 283.</ref>
* In Internet environments, spivak was categorized not only as a set of pronouns but as a gender identity, which Thomas describes: "The spivak gender [...] is more representative of an emotional and intellectual state than of a physical configuration. It should be pointed out at the start that the sexuality available to a spivak is a bonus of online life, but it isn't the raison d'etre. Rather, it's a subtle notion of a gender-free condition. It's not androgynous. It's not unisexual. It's simply ambiguous."<ref>Sue Thomas, ''Hello World: Travels in Virtuality.'' p. 31-32.</ref> Some self-described spivaks use spivak as a proper noun for their non-binary gender identity.

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Steven Shaviro's theoretical fiction novel ''[http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ Doom Patrols]'' (1995-1997) uses spivak pronouns at times.<ref>Steven Shaviro, "Preface." ''Doom Patrols.'' [http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113221207/http://www.dhalgren.com/Doom/ch00.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* The English translation of Sayuri Ueda's science fiction novel ''The Cage of Zeus'' (2011) uses spivak pronouns for genetically engineered characters with non-dyadic bodies and non-binary gender.<ref>Sayuri Ueda, ''The Cage of Zeus.'' 2011.</ref>
* In Orion's Arm (a fictional 12th millennium AD setting, as non-specific pronouns for sophonts of any gender, including AIs and aliens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pronouns, Anglish |url=http://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/495360fba7a46|work=Orion's Arm Universe Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707063303/https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/495360fba7a46|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Use for people:'''
* In 1996, 74 out of 7064 users on LambdaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making it the second most popular nonbinary pronoun there.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref> In 2002, 108 out of 4061 users on LambdaMOO used spivak pronouns, making it the most popular neologistic pronoun set there.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>
* In 1996, 10 out of 1015 users on MediaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making these the second most popular nonbinary pronoun.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref>
* The comic artist [[Maia Kobabe]] and the author [[Bogi Takács|Bogi "prezzey" Takács]] go by spivak pronouns.<ref>[https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Bogi Takács' biography on Smashwords], captured March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210712062514/https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 5.2% of participants were happy for people to use Spivak pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''E'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''Em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''Eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''Eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''Emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e]

===Ey (Elverson pronouns)===

'''ey, em, eir, eirs, emself'''. (Compare the spivak pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#E|E]], which is very similar, with only a small spelling difference in the nominative form.) Called the Elverson pronouns, these were "created by Christine M. Elverson of Skokie, Illinois, to win a contest in 1975. (Black, Judie, ‘Ey has a word for it’, 1975-08-23.). Promoted as preferable to other major contenders (sie, zie and singular ‘they’) by John Williams's Gender-neutral Pronoun FAQ (2004)."<ref>http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_protologisms_by_topic/third_person_singular_gender_neutral_pronouns#cite_note-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210629004209/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:List_of_protologisms_by_topic/third_person_singular_gender_neutral_pronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:'''
* The Elverson pronouns were used by Eric Klein in the ''Laws of Oceania'', 1993, to be gender-inclusive in a nonfictional micronation. Sometimes this pronoun set is mistakenly called "[[English neutral pronouns#E|spivak pronouns]]," which differ only in the nominative form.
* In the 2019 Gender Census, about 0.1% of participants were happy for people to use Elverson pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Use in fiction:'''
* CJ Carter's science fiction novel, ''Que Será Serees'' (2011) is about a species of people with a single-gender, who are all called by Elverson's "ey" pronouns. Carter encourages other authors to use these gender-neutral pronouns.<ref>CJ Carter, "Genderless singular pronouns." [http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/ http://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221212103224/https://tib.cjcs.com/genderless-pronouns-ey-em-and-eir-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"Que Será Serees". ''CJ's Creative Studio''. [http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/ http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031105743/http://cjcs.com/writing/fiction/que-sera-serees/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Misstery Man," the self-described non-binary character Darcy asks to be called by "ey and eir" pronouns.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Misstery Man." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ey'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''em''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''eir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''eirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey]

===Fae===

[[File:Fae-faer graph.png|300px|thumb|right|Graph illustrating views on whether fae/faer pronouns are okay for cultural outsiders to use.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>]]'''fae, faer, faer, faers, faerself'''. A fairy (faery, faerie, fey or Fair Folk) themed set created no later than 2013.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking">{{Cite web|url=https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|title=On fae/faer pronouns and cultural appropriation|date=2021-02-20|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Gender Census Tumblr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109021257/https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This was the most commonly used [[nounself pronouns|nounself pronoun]] set in 2021.{{Gender Census|2021}}

'''Variations:'''
* '''Fae, vaer, vaers, vaerself''' was created by Shade (Tumblr user shadaras) in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 October 2013|title=So I might possibly have spent today on and off prodding pronouns...|url=https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331233621/https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* '''Fey, fey, feys, feys, feyself''' was recorded in 2014,<ref name="askanonbinary general">[http://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Ask A Nonbinary's list of unthemed pronouns], captured March 2016 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230217/https://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> of unknown origin.

'''Controversy:'''
* In 2020 a couple of TikToks claiming that ''fae/faer'' pronouns are cultural appropriation went viral. Since then, it's not uncommon for people to repeat this claim in defence of either pagans, Celtic cultures and their descendents, or both. However, this claim seems groundless, as Celtic cultures do not generally call fairies "Fae" (it's a French word), and Paganism is too broad and faith-inclusive for any such practice to be considered appropriative. In Twitter polls, only a minority of about 13% from each culture felt that use of these pronouns by outsiders was bad, compared to over 40% from each culture feeling positively.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.3% of participants were happy for people to use ''fae'' pronouns when referring to them{{Gender Census|2019}}. "Fae" was the only nounself pronoun with a comparable level of popularity in that survey.

Forms:

*'''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''fae'' laughs.
*'''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''faer''.
*'''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''faer'' hair grows long.
*'''Predicative possessive:''' If my mobile phone runs out of power, ''fae'' lets me borrow ''faers''.
*'''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''faerself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself]

===Female pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#She|She]]''.

===He===

'''he, him, his, his, himself'''. Often called male pronouns, grammarians acknowledge that this standard set of pronouns can also be used as gender-neutral or gender-inclusive pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. In the eighteenth century, when prescriptive grammarians decided that "singular they" was no longer acceptable as a gender-neutral pronoun, they instead recommended, "gender-neutral he." "Prescriptive grammarians have been calling for 'he' as the gender-neutral pronoun of choice since at least 1745, when a British schoolmistress named Anne Fisher laid down the law in ''A New Grammar''."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> The use of "gender-neutral he" can make problems in how laws are interpreted, because it's unclear whether it is meant to be gender-inclusive or male-only. For example, in 1927, "the Canadian Supreme Court ruled that women were not persons because its statutes referred to 'persons' with male pronouns."<ref>"Pronoun perspectives." ''Gender neutral pronoun blog.'' [https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/ https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520030422/https://genderneutralpronoun.wordpress.com/links/pronoun-perspectives/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Pullum" /> In the USA in the nineteenth century, suffragists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for laws to stop using the "gender-neutral he," because there were cases where this pronoun had been arbitrarily interpreted as a "male he" in order to exclude women from legal protections, or from the right to a license that they had passed exams for. This abuse of legal language happened even in if the documents explicitly said that "he" was meant to include women.<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> Thanks to the work in the 1970s by feminists Casey Miller and Kate Swift, "gender-neutral he" has been significantly phased out of use, replaced by [[English neutral pronouns#He or she|he or she]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=Elizabeth|last=Isele|title=Casey Miller and Kate Swift: Women Who Dared To Disturb the Lexicon|journal=Women in Literature and Life Assembly|volume=3|date=Fall 1994|url=http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528025157/https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/old-WILLA/fall94/h2-isele.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Use for real non-binary people:''' There are non-binary people who ask to be called by "he" pronouns, such as writer [[Richard O'Brien]], autobiographer [[Jennie June]], and guitarist [[Pete Townshend]].

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he]

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census survey, 30.8% of participants were happy for people to use ''he'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

===He or she===

''See also: [[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]''

'''he or she, him or her, his or her, his or hers, himself or herself'''. These are very commonly used as gender-neutral pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. Although grammatically acceptable, and a step more inclusive than only using "he" in these contexts, its length soon makes it cumbersome.<ref>{{cite web|title=GNP Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)|url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050205052157/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-date=5 February 2005}}</ref> It almost always puts the "male" pronoun before the "female" pronoun, which is a little less than equality. (Similar efforts at inclusive language almost always end up with this same male-first ordering: "the habit of always saying 'male and female,' 'husbands and wives,' 'men and women' revealed an unquestioned priority," as pointed out by Casey Miller and Kate Swift in ''Words and Women'' (1976),<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page x.</ref> a book on sexism in language and feminist efforts for inclusive language.) "He or she" also gives the impression of including binary genders, while excluding the possibility of other genders.

'''Use by nonbinary people:''' Interestingly enough, although "he or she" may be the most popularly used inclusive pronoun set (along with "they"), and therefore may seem an obvious choice for nonbinary people, this set doesn't seem to be popularly used by nonbinary people. However, this may be an artifact of the way the surveys were taken. The 2018 Gender Census found 13.8% of the respondents asked people to "mix up" their pronouns ([[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]).{{Gender Census|2018}} A 2012 survey found 20 respondents who wished to be called both "he" and "she."<ref>anlamasanda, "Results of pronoun survey." January 1, 2012. http://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519033850/https://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> It may be the case that people who prefer to be called "he or she" simply entered their preference into the surveys in a slightly different format. It may also be the case that it's virtually unheard-of for nonbinary people to feel that "he or she" represents them. Either way, its absence in these surveys is intriguing and may need to be addressed more specifically in future surveys.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''he or she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''him or her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''his or her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''his or hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself or herself''.

=== Hu ===
'''Hu, hum, hus, humself''' (or hu, hum, hus, '''huself'''). These singular neutral pronouns were originally coined by Sasha Newborn in 1982. She called the neologisms Humanist as they are [[nounself pronouns]] based on the word (noun) <u>hu</u>man, which is also how they're pronounced. While this pronoun set has not been widely used, a variation (hu, hu) did gain some attention in the 2024 US presidential election, where one candidate offered hu/hu as a pronoun option in a campaign form.<ref>Valerie Richardson, "[https://highergroundtimes.com/higher-ground/2024/aug/15/kamala-harris-presidential-campaign-presses-job-ap/ Hu/hu? Harris for President campaign presses job applicants to pick zir pronouns]", Aug 15, 2024. Higher Ground Times.</ref>

'''Use by nonbinary people:''' A variation where ''hum'' is pronounced like the existing word hum, rather than like hew, has gained some traction.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' ''Hu'' loves hiking and climbing.
* '''Accusative:''' I have no idea what they said to ''hum''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' It's hard to believe someone stole ''hus'' car.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' It's easy to believe the car is ''hus''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each of us needs to consider this ''humself''.
'''On Fandom:''' https://web.archive.org/web/20241211072513/https://pronoun.fandom.com/wiki/Humanself

'''On Pronouns:''' https://en.pronouns.page/hu

'''On Pronouns List:''' https://pronounslist.com/hum-hum

'''On Universal English:''' https://universalenglish.org/gender-neutral-english-pronouns/

=== It ===
'''it, it, its, its, itself'''. This standard English set of genderless pronouns is used for inanimate objects, animals, and human infants. During Dickens’ time, these were also acceptable pronouns for older human children and spirits of the dead, as these permutations of humanity were seen as not really male or female. This pronoun is not male or female. Using it for an adult human is often seen as an insult, dehumanizing. While considered offensive by most, some nonbinary people use "it" as a means of reclamation and to challenge the idea that genderlessness is inherently dehumanizing.

Because "it" pronouns are the default on LamdaMOO and on similar multi-user environments, they tend to be common there, but less common than "he" or "she." In 1996, "it" pronouns were the most popular non-binary pronoun choice on LambdaMOO (1162 out of 7065 player characters) and MediaMOO (280 out of 1015 player characters).<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 142.</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.4% of the participants were happy for people to use ''it'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} Notable nonbinary people who accept being called by ''it'' pronouns include the Venezuelan singer [[Arca]] (b. 1989).<ref name="Fallon">{{Cite web |title=Arca Is the Artist of the Decade |last=Fallon |first=Patric |work=Vice |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=30 June 2020 |url= https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092248/http://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''it'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''it''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''its'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''its''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''itself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it]

===Male pronouns===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#He|he]]''.

===Name===

''See [[English neutral pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns]] or [[nounself pronouns]]''.

===Ne===

Several sets of pronouns use "ne" in the nominative form. One set of "ne" pronouns is one of the oldest sets of neo-pronouns, but not all its forms were recorded: '''ne, nim, nis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created around 1850,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> and appeared in print in 1884.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> Some of the better-attested sets of "ne" pronouns, in alphabetical order:

====Ne (nem)====
'''ne, nem, nir, nirs, nemself'''. In the 2019 Gender Census, 27 participants (0.2%) entered the set of pronouns ''ne/nem/nir/nirs/nemself''.{{Gender Census|2019}} 

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''nem''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

====Ne (ner)====
'''ne, ner, nis, nis, nemself'''. In a 1974 issue of ''Today's Education,'' "Mildred Fenner attributes this to Fred Wilhelms."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref><ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> Veterinarian Al Lippart independently proposed the same set of pronouns in 1999, recommending them for use when it would be inappropriate to specify the gender of a human, animal, or deity.<ref>{{cite web|first=Al|last= Lippart|title=Introducing the New Neutral Third Person Singular Personal Pronoun|date=1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318000953/http://www.lippart.com/ne.html |archive-date=18 March 2009|url=http://www.lippart.com/ne.html}}</ref> Lawyer Roberta Morris also independently proposed this same set of pronouns in 2009, saying that these pronouns would be more efficient for within the 140 character limit of Twitter than "he or she." Morris also pointed out that the "n" can refer to "neuter."<ref>Roberta Morris, "The need for a neuter pronoun: A solution." September 29, 2009. [http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520023815/http://myunpublishedworks2.blogspot.com/2009/09/need-for-neuter-pronoun-solution.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ner''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''nis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''nis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''nemself''.

===No pronouns===

Many nonbinary people prefer not to be referred to by pronouns of any kind; see below for statistics. This can be because they have learned that any set of pronouns can potentially feel uncomfortable for them ([[gender dysphoria]]). In fiction and other writing, avoiding the use of any pronouns for a person can be used to avoid giving any sign of that person's gender. Instead of using pronouns, a person can be referred to by a name, a descriptive word, or the sentence can be rephrased.

While the grammatical labels on the sample sentences below are no longer correct, the sentences can be adjusted to exclude pronouns while still talking about a specific person.

* '''Nominative:''' ''(Demonstrative + noun replaces pronoun)'' When I tell someone a joke, that person laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' ''(Eliminated second reference to the person)'' I greet my friend with a hug.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' ''(Replaced with an "it" that technically has no antecedent but clearly refers to the possessed thing)'' When someone does not get a haircut, it grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' ''(Possessive eliminated)'' If my mobile phone runs out of power, my friend lends me another.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''(Reflexive emphasizing independence replaced with adverb)'' Each child gets food independently.

Using names or descriptions without changing the sentence structure:

* '''Nominative:''' When I tell ''Taylor'' a joke ''Taylor'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet ''Ash'' I hug ''Ash''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When ''the kid'' does not get a haircut, ''the kid's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''the friend's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' ''Morgan'' feeds ''Morgan''.

Other noteworthy techniques for removing third-person pronouns from a sentence include:

*'''Passive voice:''' "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When ''he'' finishes, we'll go for a walk" becomes "Taylor's mopping the kitchen. When it's done, we'll go for a walk." Here "it" refers to the kitchen or maybe the task of mopping, and we use the passive voice because there's no need to repeat who's doing it.
*'''Second person:''' Instead of talking about someone in the third person, why not talk to them instead? Say you're talking to Kevin and Elisa, who prefers no third-person pronouns, is in the room. You could tell Kevin, "I'd love to go with you for coffee, but Elisa's already claimed me for the evening," but if you do that and want to start expanding on what Elisa's up to, you might be tempted to use third-person pronouns. Instead, you could shift to Elisa and say "but ''you've'' got me booked for the evening," and then Elisa could tell about the plans without being spoken for.
*'''Substitute an article for a possessive pronoun:''' "Morgan couldn't find his coat" becomes "Morgan couldn't find the coat." "Ash broke her toe" becomes "Ash broke a toe."
*'''Other ways to rephrase.''' "The alien slithered closer, and its eyes glowed" becomes "The alien slithered closer, eyes glowing."

'''In use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2018 Gender Census, 10.1% of participants were happy for people to avoid using pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}}

===One===

'''one, one, ones, one’s, oneself'''. This is a standard English set of pronouns used for a hypothetical person whose gender is not specified.

'''Usage:'''
* In the 2019 Gender Census, only 8 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''one'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''one'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''one''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''one's'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''one's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''oneself''.

===Per===

'''per (person), per, per, pers, perself'''. Called "person pronouns," these are meant to be used for a person of any gender. Compare Phelps's [[English neutral pronouns#Phe|phe]] pronouns, which are also based on the word "person." John Clark created "per" pronouns in a 1972 issue of the ''Newsletter of the American Anthropological Association''.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:''' In Marge Piercy's feminist novel, ''Woman on the Edge of Time,'' 1976, Piercy used "per" pronouns for all citizens of a utopian future in which gender was no longer seen as a big difference between people.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref>

'''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' Person pronouns were one of the sets of pronouns built into MediaMOO for users to choose from.<ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Richard Ekins and Dave King used these pronouns in the book ''The Transgender Phenomenon'' (2006).<ref>Richard Ekins and Dave King. ''The Transgender Phenomenon.'' Sage Publications, 2006.</ref> Activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] uses these pronouns for perself. In the 2019 Gender Census, only 6 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''per'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''per'' laughs. (Or ''person'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''per''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''per'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''pers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per]

===She===

[[File:Angel_Haze_live_at_Øyafestivalen_2013.jpg|thumb|[[Angel Haze]] live at Øyafestivalen 2013. Haze identifies as [[agender]] and goes by she/her pronouns.<ref name="tweet2018">{{cite tweet|title=No maam. still identify as agender but just for my own sanity, i like she/her|user=AngelHaze|number=991841256769703936|date=2 May 2018}}</ref>]]

'''she, her, her, hers, herself'''. Often called female pronouns, although, in standard usage, they're not used exclusively for women. Grammarians agree that it is standard and acceptable for this set to be used for women, female animals, and ships. The set is also poetically used for countries and fields of studies, which grammarians also see as acceptable. Some [[feminism|feminists]] recommend replacing "gender-neutral he" with "gender-neutral she." "In 1970, Dana Densmore’s article “Speech is the Form of Thought” appeared in No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation; Densmore is evidently the first U.S. advocate of 'she' as a gender-neutral pronoun, a solution many writers, particularly academic writers, favor today."<ref name="bustillos 250"></ref> In 1974, Gena Corea recommended replacing the "gender-neutral he" with a "gender-neutral she," and like Denmore, argued that the word "she" would be understood to include the word "he."<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use as a gender-neutral pronoun in fiction:'''
* Anne Leckie's science fiction novels ''Ancillary Justice'' (2013) and ''Ancillary Sword'' (2014) were set in a futuristic society that is indifferent to gender, so all the characters are called by gender-neutral "she" pronouns, leaving their actual gender and sex undisclosed. Leckie says she had an assumption at the time that gender is binary, so these are likely not non-binary characters.<ref>Geek's Guide to the Galaxy, "Sci-fi's hottest new writer won't tell you the sex of her characters." October 11, 2014. ''Wired.'' [http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/ http://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322233347/https://www.wired.com/2014/10/geeks-guide-ann-leckie/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* Cartoonist [[Rebecca Sugar]] [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar explained] that in her animated science fiction series, ''Steven Universe,'' the alien people called Gems really have no sex or gender, even though they all look like women. For this reason, the Gems are only arbitrarily called by "she" pronouns. Sugar said, "Technically, there are no female Gems! There are only Gems! [...] Why not look like human females? That's just what Gems happen to look like! [...] There's a 50 50 chance to use some pronoun on Earth, so why not feminine ones-- it's as convenient as it is arbitrary!"<ref>Rebecca Sugar. ''Reddit.'' [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211126031722/https://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is a gender-neutral use of "she" pronouns.

'''Use by real nonbinary people:''' There are nonbinary people who ask people to use "she" pronouns for them, such as singer-songwriter [[Elly Jackson]]{{citation needed}}, musician [[JD Samson]], American comedian, writer, and nurse [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="story">{{Cite web |title=THE STORY |author= |work=kellidunham.com |date= |access-date=24 July 2020 |url= http://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231523/https://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> British musician [[Du Blonde]],<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Sept 27, 2019 instagram post] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519214921/https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> poet [[jayy dodd]],<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite web |title=Interview with jayy dodd, author of Mannish Tongues |last=Kelly |first=Devin |work=entropymag.org |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |url= https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208042908/https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Instagram">[https://www.instagram.com/jxzz_hndz/ Instagram bio], retrieved May 15 2020</ref> author and public speaker [[Olave Basabose]],<ref name="Basabose2019">[https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ This is your annually scheduled PSA: My pronouns are she/her/hers.], July 22, 2019 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513034505/https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> actor [[Cara Delevingne]], activist [[Chao Xiaomi]],<ref name="FangLuu">{{Cite web |title=Chao Xiaomi leads China's fight for transgender rights |last1=Fang |first1=Nanlin |last2=Luu |first2=Chieu |work=CNN |date= |access-date=30 May 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121045310/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> and rapper [[Angel Haze]].<ref name="tweet2018" /> In the 2018 Gender Census, 29% of participants were happy for people to use ''she'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''she'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''her''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''her'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hers''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she]

===S/he===

'''s/he (sHe), hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. A set of English gender-neutral pronouns used in books by Timothy Leary in the 1970s, and then by counterculture writers influenced by Leary. For example, in Robert Anton Wilson's book ''Prometheus Rising'' (first published in 1983), which is strongly based on Leary's writings about consciousness, Wilson uses SHe [sic] pronouns to include humans of any kind, as short for "she or he."<ref>Robert Anton Wilson, ''Prometheus Rising.'' Second edition. Grand Junction, Colorado: Hilaritas Press, 2016. Page 55.</ref> It was used in non-fiction writings about spirituality by the Elf Queen's Daughters and the Silver Elves from the 1970s to the present 2010s. It was also used in fiction in Peter David's ''Star Trek'' books. Sometimes with mixed caps, as shown. This pronoun was not entered in the 2018 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2018}} However, notable nonbinary people who have asked to be called by s/he pronouns include revolutionary communist [[Leslie Feinberg]]. In hir book ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue,'' Feinberg wrote,

<blockquote>"I asked Beacon Press to use ''s/he'' [sic] in the author description of me on the cover of ''Transgender Warriors'' [another book by Feinberg]. That pronoun is a contribution from the women's liberation movement. Prior to that struggle, the pronoun 'he' was almost universally used to describe humankind-- 'mankind.' So ''s/he''' opened up the pronoun to include 'womankind.' I used ''s/he'' on my book jacket because it is recognizable as a gender-neutral pronoun to people. But I personally prefer the pronoun ''ze'' because, for me, it melds mankind and womankind into humankind."<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue.'' Page 71.</ref></blockquote>

At different times, Feinberg has asked to go by "s/he," "ze," or "she" pronouns depending on hir needs and the message meant to send. As quoted in hir obituary, Feinberg had said, "I care which pronoun is used, but people have been respectful to me with the wrong pronoun and disrespectful with the right one. It matters whether someone is using the pronoun as a bigot, or if they are trying to demonstrate respect."<ref>https://www.lesliefeinberg.net/self/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629032530/https://www.lesliefeinberg.net/self/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>. Another notable nonbinary person, singer-songwriter [[Genesis Breyer P-orridge]] asks to be referred to by a different version of the s/he pronouns: '''s/he, h/er, h/er, h/ers, h/erself'''.<ref>"Genesis Breyer P-orridge." [http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html http://www.genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230410005455/https://genesisbreyerporridge.com/genesisbreyerporridge.com/Genesis_BREYER_P-ORRIDGE_Home.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The Taiwanese intersex activist [[Hiker Chiu]] goes by another variation: s/he, her/him.<ref name="Entenmann">{{Cite web |title="We Are Not Monsters. We Are Full of Love." — Hiker Chiu, Taiwan |last=Entenmann|first=Leah |work=Medium |date=21 December 2015 |access-date=24 June 2020 |url= https://medium.com/alturi-world/we-are-not-monsters-we-are-full-of-love-hiker-chiu-taiwan-62ea9b456d4e|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409061745/https://medium.com/alturi-world/we-are-not-monsters-we-are-full-of-love-hiker-chiu-taiwan-62ea9b456d4e |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''s/he'' laughs. (Or ''sHe'' laughs. Or ''s/He'' laughs.)
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

===Sie===

'''sie, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Pronounced like either "she" and "her," or "see" and "hear." Derived from German pronouns for "she" and "they."<ref name="aetherlumina feb 29 2012">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html "GNP FAQ"], archive Feb 29 2012</ref> Since the early 1990s, this set has been widely used on the Internet for gender-neutral language when speaking of no specific person, for nonbinary gender characters, and by nonbinary gender people themselves. Elizabeth Bear used these pronouns in a fantasy novel, ''Dust.''<ref>''All our worlds: Diverse fantastic fiction.'' [http://doublediamond.net/aow http://doublediamond.net/aow] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902202733/http://doublediamond.net/aow/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable real people who go by sie/hir include the American autistic activist [[Mel Baggs]] (1980 - 2020)<ref name="TDOV">{{cite web|url=https://withasmoothroundstone.tumblr.com/post/115187595380/transgender-day-of-visibility-mel-age-34|title=Transgender day of visibility.|date=April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413095312/https://withasmoothroundstone.tumblr.com/post/115187595380/transgender-day-of-visibility-mel-age-34|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''sie'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

===Sne===

'''sne, fe, se, se's, sneself'''. An uncommon set of pronouns first attested in anonymous online discussions in the late 2010s. The paradigm consists of nominative sne, accusative fe, possessive se, and reflexive sneself (sometimes rendered sneedself). Its structure parallels other neopronoun sets.

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''sne'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''fe''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''se'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''se's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''sneself'' (or ''sneedself'').

===They===

{{main|singular they}}

===Thon===

'''thon, thon, thons, thon's, thonself'''. American composer Charles Crozat Converse of Erie, Pennsylvania proposed this pronoun in 1858, based on a contraction of "that one."<ref name="barge viewpoints">{{cite journal|first=Fred|last=Barge|title=Viewpoints from involvement -- 'thon'|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic.|date= August 14, 1992|url= http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520022408/https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ gives this pronoun's date of origin as 1884 instead,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> while ''Words and Women'' gives 1859.<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page 130.</ref> The "thon" pronoun was included in some dictionaries: Webster's International Dictionary (1910), and Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1913), and Webster's Second International (1959). Funk & Wagnalls offered these sentences to show how it should be used: "If Harry or his wife comes, I will be on hand to greet thon," and "Each pupil must learn thon's lesson." "Thon" was used throughout the writings by the founders of chiropractic, B.J. and D.D. Palmer, in 1910.<ref name="barge viewpoints" /> "Thon" is therefore familiar to chiropractors, and sometimes still appears in chiropractic writings, and in works by people who were influenced by that field.

'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' In the 2019 Gender Census, 18 (0.2%) people said that they were happy for people to use ''thon'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''thon'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''thon''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''thons'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''thon's''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''thonself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [ https://web.archive.org/web/20190909212705/http://pronoun.is/thon ]

===Ve===

There are several sets of pronouns that use "ve" in the nominative form, the earliest of which was created in 1970.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28036096 (Everywoman, Vol 1, Issue 1, May 8, 1970. Page 2, middle of left side, under the heading "Manglish".) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102034750/http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFGIFEB19700501.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2019 Gender Census, 24 participants (0.2%) used a set of pronouns starting with ''ve''.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''ve, ver, vis, vis, verself''' is the exact set used by Egan, Hulme, and Reynolds (see below). The set's date of creation and creator are not yet known to the editors of this wiki. A nearly-identical but incompletely recorded set was '''ve, vir, vis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created in 1970, and published in the May issue of ''Everywoman.''<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* In Keri Hulme's mystery novel ''The Bone People'' (1984), a character is called by these ve pronouns.<ref name="Outis">Outis, "gender-neutral characters and pronouns." November 20, 2013. [https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230505214112/https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1580481-gender-neutral-characters-and-pronouns Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* Used by Greg Egan for non-binary gender characters-- including artificial intelligence, as well as transgender humans who identify as a specific nonbinary gender they call "asex"-- in his novels ''Distress'' (1995) and ''Diaspora'' (1998).<ref>John McIntosh, "ve, vis, ver." [http://www.urticator.net/essay/0/30.html] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230520043531/http://www.urticator.net/essay/0/30.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Egan is sometimes credited with having created these pronouns, but it doesn't appear that he claims to have done so.
* In Alastair Reynolds's science fiction novel ''On the Steel Breeze'' (2013) one character is called by these ve pronouns. The novel never gives any exposition about this character's sex, gender, or pronouns, and vis gender-neutrality doesn't influence the plot. The lack of remark gives the impression that a nonbinary gender is unremarkable, but this is also why some readers thought the pronouns were a misprint.<ref name="Outis" />

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ve'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''ver''. (Or: "I hug ''vir''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''vis'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''vis''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''verself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve]

===Xe===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]]," "ze," "[[English neutral pronouns#Zhe|zhe]]," or "[[English neutral pronouns#Zie|zie]]" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> In alphabetical order, some of the more common versions of this pronoun set include:

====Xe, hir====

'''xe, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]], hir..." set, which is apparently used in more literature and by more people. The "xe" version was "Used on alt.support.[[intergender]]ed and alt.support.[[crossdressing]]," transgender communities on the Internet in the 1990s.<ref>"GNP FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

====Xe, xir====

'''xe, xir, xir, xirs, xirself'''. This pronoun set saw some use on the Internet at least as early as 1998.<ref>Benton, "ADOM and sex." rec.games.roguelike.adom (newsgroup). May 18, 1998. [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rec.games.roguelike.adom/6RBaViEF0gE/v33A7kKysiwJ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230702051023/https://groups.google.com/forum/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xirself''.

====Xe, xyr (xem)====

'''xe, xyr (xem), xyr, xyrs, xyrself (xemself)'''. This pronoun set makes its earliest known appearance in 1993 in a conversation in an autism mailing list on the Internet.<ref>Jim Sinclair, "Re: Jim and Steve's snoring discussion." September 14, 1993. bit.listserv.autism, Usenet. [https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!msg/bit.listserv.autism/2pyrOMzt_nQ/5J-RU5P3hnIJ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230307023529/https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"Xe." ''Wiktionary.'' [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206184934/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/xe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The "xem" version of this pronoun set appears in a printed discussion from the mailing list of Autism Network International in 2000, with the explanation that it "was originally used to refer to an intersexed person, but is also used to refer to a person of any gender."<ref>J. Blackburn, K. Gottschewski, Elsa George, and Niki L. "A discussion about Theory of Mind: From an Autistic Perspective," Proceedings of ''Autism Europe's 6th International Congress'', Glasgow 19-21 May 2000, in print. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060213070451/http://www.autistics.org/library/AE2000-ToM.html]</ref> This pronoun set was recommended in 2005 by Jonathan de Boyne Pollard, with the version that includes "xem," and both "xyrself" and "xemself."<ref>Jonathan de Boyne Pollard. "'Xe', 'xem', and 'xyr' are sex-neutral pronouns and adjectives." 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html https://web.archive.org/web/20071010095912/http://homepages.tesco.net/J.deBoynePollard/FGA/sex-neutral-pronouns.html]</ref>

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 7.2% of people said they'd be happy for people to use ''xe/xem/xyr/xyrs/xemself'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''xe'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''xem''. (Or hug ''xyr''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''xyr'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''xyrs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xyrself''. (Or feeds ''xemself''.)

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe]

===Ze===

There are several similar sets of neologistic gender-neutral pronouns that use "xe," "ze," "zhe," or "zie" in nominative form. Regardless of spelling, their nominative form is pronounced "zee," and was based on the pronoun [[English neutral pronouns#Sie|sie]]. The earliest documented version was created in 1972.<ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> "Ze, hir" is the best-attested of the "ze" pronoun sets; see the Talk page for other sets with this nominative form.

====Ze, hir====

'''ze, hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. Compare the similar "[[English neutral pronouns#Xe|xe]], hir..." set, which is the version less attested by print sources. [[Sarah Dopp]] wrote a blog post about the "ze" version in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sarah|last=Dopp|authorlink=Sarah Dopp|title=How transgender folk are fixing an age-old literary problem|date=13 August 2006|url=http://www.sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520023904/https://sarahdopp.com/blog/2006/how_transgender_folk_are_fixing_an_age_o/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Leslie Feinberg also used the "ze" version in the book ''Drag King Dreams'' (2006),<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Drag King Dreams.'' New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.</ref> Erika Lopez used the "ze" version in ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir'' (2010).<ref>Erika Lopez, ''The Girl Must Die: A Monster Girl Memoir.'' Hicken, Jeffrey, San Francisco: Monster Girl Media, 2010.</ref> M. J. Locke used the "ze" version in the book ''Up Against It'' (2011).<ref>M. J. Locke, ''up Against It.'' New York: Tor, 2011.</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* Kameron Hurley used these pronouns in the fantasy novels ''The Mirror Empire'' and ''Empire Ascendant,'' for characters who are ''ataisa,'' an in-between gender role where their culture puts everyone who has a nonbinary gender.<ref>{{cite web|first=Kameron|last=Hurley|title=Beyond He-Man and She-Ra: Writing nonbinary characters|date=3 September 2014|url=https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326002527/https://intellectusspeculativus.wordpress.com/2014/09/03/guest-post-beyond-he-man-she-ra-writing-non-binary-characters-by-kameron-hurley/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* In Seth Dickinson's short science fiction story, "[http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation]" (2014), a transhuman character of "uncertain ... sex" is called by the pronoun "ze," which only appears in the nominative form.<ref>Seth Dickinson, "Sekhmet Hunts the Dying Gnosis: A Computation." ''Beneath Ceaseless Skies,'' issue 143. March 20, 2014. [http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ http://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531011906/https://www.beneath-ceaseless-skies.com/stories/sekhmet-hunts-the-dying-gnosis-a-computation/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' when the narrator Ben recognizes that Chris identifies as nonbinary, Ben begins using "ze, hir" pronouns for Chris, before finding a good moment to ask for Chris's actual pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> In another story by K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society," the character Pat goes by "ze, hir" pronouns, and uses them for other characters before finding out each of their own pronoun preferences.<ref>K. A. Cook, "The Differently Animated and Queer Society." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref>

'''Use for real people:'''
* [[Kate Bornstein]] used them in the books ''Nearly Roadkill'' (1996) (with Caitlin Sullivan June)<ref>Caitlin Sullivan June and Kate Bornstein. ''Nearly Roadkill: An Infobahn erotic adventure.'' New York: Serpent's Tail, 1996, p. 10.</ref>, and ''My Gender Workbook'' (1998) in reference to hirself, and to other specific transgender people, as well as hypothetical persons of unspecified gender.<ref>Kate Bornstein, ''My Gender Workbook.'' 1st ed. 1998, p. 106-107, 119, 130-131, 154, 248.</ref> Today, Bornstein goes by any pronouns.<ref>{{cite tweet|user=katebornstein|number=1149734426890424320|date=July 12, 2019|title=Over 71 years, I’ve at one time or another insisted on every pronoun in the book. Finally settled in to it doesn't matter to me what pronouns people use for me—it tells me more about them than it could ever say about me. So thanks for asking, it’s up to you.}}</ref><ref name="Raymond">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Kate Bornstein on Their Broadway Debut in Straight White Men |last=Raymond |first=Gerard |work=Slant Magazine |date=July 11, 2018 |access-date=May 16, 2020 |url= https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221230307/https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Leslie Feinberg]] asked to be called by "ze, hir" pronouns, along with "zie, hir" and "she."<ref name="Pratt">{{cite web|author=Minnie Bruce Pratt|title=Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died|work=The Advocate|date= 17 November 2014| url= http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died}}</ref> In a magazine interview from 2014, Gabriel Antonio and another anonymous person both asked to be called by these pronouns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=He And She, Ze And Xe: The Case For Gender-Neutral Pronouns |author=Donato, Al |work=The Plaid Zebra |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126112903/https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
*Writer [[Sassafras Lowrey]] uses ze/hir pronouns.<ref name="Lowrey2017">{{Cite web |title=A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |work=HuffPost |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102548/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.7% of participants said they would be happy for people to use ''"ze/hir/hir/hirs/hirself"'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}}

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''ze'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''hir''.
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''hir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''hirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze]

===Zie===

'''zie, zir (zim), zir, zirs, zirself'''. (Compare the most similar pronoun set, "ze, zir", and other similar pronouns, "xe" and "zhe".) The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ says this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") was widely used on the Internet at the time but doesn't know when it was created.<ref name="GNPFAQ">{{cite web |title=GNP FAQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html |url=http://aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html|archive-date=29 February 2012}}</ref> Andrés Pérez-Bergquist recommended a version of this set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zim") in 2000, but claims not to have created it.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pérez-Bergquist |first=Andrés |title=Gender-neutral pronouns: The value of zie|date=2000|url=http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216114837/http://santiago.mapache.org/nonfiction/essays/zie.html |archive-date=16 February 2019}}</ref>

'''Use in fiction:'''
* This set (with the "zie" spelling, and accusative "zir") is in the fantasy setting of Bard Bloom's ''World Tree'', for the many characters with sexes other than female or male. Many species in this setting have such sexes, including the protagonist of a book in that setting, [http://www.amazon.com/Sythyrys-Journal-Chronicle-Transaffection-Adventure/dp/1451562934 Sythyry's Journal], which was first serialized as a blog starting in 2002. The setting also has a role-playing game handbook, ''World Tree: A roleplaying game of species and civilization'' (2001).

'''Use for real nonbinary people:'''
In the 2019 Gender Census, 11 people (around 0.1%) said they'd be happy for people to use ''zie/zir'' (or some similar spelling) to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} A notable nonbinary person who goes by ze/zim is the American writer and model [[Devin-Norelle]].<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/SteroidBeyonce/ Instagram profile], accessed 29 July 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607102022/https://www.instagram.com/steroidbeyonce Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Michael">{{Cite web |title=Meet Devin-Norelle, Chromat's First Masculine of Center Model |author=Michael Love Michael |work=PAPER |date=9 September 2019 |access-date=29 July 2020 |url= https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10#rebelltitem10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209012845/https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Forms:'''
* '''Nominative:''' When I tell someone a joke ''zie'' laughs.
* '''Accusative:''' When I greet a friend I hug ''zir''. (Or hug ''zim''.)
* '''Pronominal possessive:''' When someone does not get a haircut, ''zir'' hair grows long.
* '''Predicative possessive:''' If I need a phone, my friend lets me borrow ''zirs''.
* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''zirself''.

'''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie]

==See also==
{{Tumblr post|https://nonbinarywiki.tumblr.com/post/189725910560/pronouns-dont-equal-gender}}
* [[Pronouns]]
* [[Gender neutral language in English]]
* [[Glossary of English gender and sex terminology]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

Websites and online services (UK)

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{{Stub}}

This list, in alphabetical order, lists websites and online services in the UK whose status on [[genderqueer]] and [[nonbinary]] identity acceptance is known. Edits should, where possible, link to evidence.

Click here to return to the [[Recognition (UK)]] list of types of organisation.

==Amazon==

Books and stuff website.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any. (Mostly.)
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://imgur.com/iKDtE Screengrab, seen January 2012.]
*'''Notes:''' "Names are entered as free text, but Mx isn't recognised in the same way that other titles are recognised. Changing my title to Ms means it starts greeting me as Alice again." [http://practicalnonbinary.wikia.com/wiki/Websites_and_Online_Services_(UK) Source]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://www.amazon.co.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==British Red Cross==

Voluntary organisation which provides relief to those in crisis

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20181213070403/http://i41.tinypic.com/js26ao.jpg Screengrab, seen November 2013.]

[http://www.redcross.org.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Dunnes Stores==

Dublin-based retail chain that primarily sells food, clothes and household wares.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20160823203845/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/File:MxEvidence_dunnesstores_com.png Screenshot, April 2014.]
*'''Notes:''' I found the implementation of the 'Other Title' a little flakey - would sometimes complain that I hadn't entered a value, and in the Address Book section it wouldn't offer the text box to enter the title in to. I ended up loading up my account on my mobile, and the values seemed to be saved correctly when I returned to the Desktop site.

[http://www.dunnesstores.com/ Link to homepage.]

==Furniture Recycling Project==

Charity furniture-selling company.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Unknown.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://i39.tinypic.com/14jc50k.jpg Letter, November 2013.]{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://frpglos.org.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Green Metropolis==

Charity second hand book selling and buying website.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://lottelodge.tumblr.com/post/13676636921/excellent-eco-motivated-book-selling-uk-website Screengrab, December 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://www.greenmetropolis.com/ Link to homepage.]

==Howies==

Comfy and sports clothing website based in Cardigan, Wales. Lots of organic and ethical stuff.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://mxactivist.tumblr.com/post/66269063825 Screengrab, seen November 2013.]

[http://www.howies.co.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Japan Garden==

Japanese furniture and decorative stuff.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://mxactivist.tumblr.com/post/30043071703 Screengrab, August 2012.]

[http://www.japangarden.co.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Maplin.co.uk==

Well-known purveyor of electronic goods; currently only online.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' No, they don't offer any titles at all.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes. There is no option for title in signing up or saving addresses.
*'''Evidence:''' [https://www.maplin.co.uk/customer/account/login/referer/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWFwbGluLmNvLnVrLw%3D%3D/ Registration page], [https://www.maplin.co.uk/customer/address/ Addresses page], [https://www.maplin.co.uk/customer/account/edit/ Details page]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [Note: the last two only accessible once signed in]

[http://www.maplin.co.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Nectar==

Points reward scheme.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any (write in field).
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://morethanx.tumblr.com/post/41611763462/screenshots-from-the-nectar-website-while-they-do Screengrab, January 2013.]
*'''Notes:''' Selecting gender is mandatory; only options are male and female.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20150826063021/http://www.nectar.com/NectarHome.nectar Link to homepage.]

==Noddle==

Credit report service for Callcredit credit reference agency.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes, Mx; not on sign-up but will amend if requested.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Unknown
*'''Evidence:''' [http://nonbinary.org/wiki/File:Mxevidencecallcredit.jpg Screenshot, October 2013]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://www.noddle.co.uk/ Link to homepage]

==Organic Fresh Food Company==

Eco-friendly veg etc. delivery company

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes, Mx.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://lottelodge.tumblr.com/post/72208492132 Screenshot, January 2014]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[https://www.organicfreshfoodcompany.co.uk Link to homepage]

==Red Spotted Hanky==

Train timetable and ticket booking site.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://lottelodge.tumblr.com/post/13398633283/redspottedhanky-com-are-a-uk-train-ticket-company Screengrab, November 2011.]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://www.redspottedhanky.com/ Link to homepage.]

==Scan Computers==

Computer parts and general hardware

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; Mx.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' No.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://mxactivist.tumblr.com/post/18604003541 Screengrab of sign-up form, taken March 2012.]
*'''Notes:''' Their form was changed as a result of RevCleo's customer query.

[http://www.scan.co.uk/ Link to homepage.]

==Stickman Communications==

A shop selling fun communication aids for people who struggle to get their needs met.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any.
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes.
*'''Evidence:''' [http://lottelodge.tumblr.com/post/50084560992/at-stickman-communications-you-can-purchase Screengrab of sign-up form, taken May 2013.]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[http://stickmancommunications.co.uk/‎ Link to homepage.]{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

==Clothing at Tesco==

A shop selling clothes, linked to but separate from tesco.com.

*'''Do they allow any gender neutral titles?''' Yes; any
*'''Do they allow no title?''' Yes
*'''Evidence:'''
**[[:File:Mxtescoorder.jpg|Screenshot of email receipt, October 2013]]
**[[:File:Mxtescoonlineform.jpg|Screenshot of online form, showing no title or gender/sex selection necessary, October 2013]]

[https://www.clothingattesco.com/‎ Link to homepage.]{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Recognition (UK)]]

Neutral names starting with R

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{{RandomName|letter=r}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with R''', continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with R include Red, Rene, Rey, Riley, and Robin. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with R, more than 30 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with Q]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with S]].

== The list ==

[[File:Rhea_Butcher.jpg|thumb|Nonbinary comedian [[River Butcher]].]]
'''Rahat''' (رهط). Arabic. Meaning "Comfort, rest."<ref name="20knames4">http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611030806/http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_04.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rahat [https://web.archive.org/web/20221204004718/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rahat Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US Social Security Administration data shows about 381 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAHAT/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, peace, two syllables

'''Rain'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "Rainy weather" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rain-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213073519/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rain-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 627 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAIN/index.html</ref> Variants; '''Raine''', '''Rainn''', '''Rayne'''. Notable nonbinary people with this name include model [[Rain Dove]]. Keywords: elements, English word name, feminine inclined, modern, nature, one syllable, water.

'''Raine'''. English. Possibly from the word ''reine'', meaning "Queen" in French.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/raine [https://web.archive.org/web/20221013004353/https://www.behindthename.com/name/raine Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 659 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAINE/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220623202812/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAINE/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, nobility, one syllable

'''Raleigh'''. English. Pronounced "RAW-lee" or "RAH-lee." From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Roe deer clearing" in Old English. Raleigh is also a brand name of British bicycles.<ref>https://raleigh.co.uk</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/raleigh [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082122/https://www.behindthename.com/name/raleigh Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5,827 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RALEIGH/index.html</ref> Keywords: English, animals, forest, masculine inclined, place names, nature, sport, two syllables

'''Randie'''. English. A gender-neutral variant of the boy's name ''Randy'' or the girl's name ''Randi'', also used as a surname. Randie is used as a girl's name 75% of the time in the US.<ref>My Name Stats. [https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RANDIE/index.html RANDIE]. The similarly sounding name Randy means sexually aroused. Accessed Jan 12, 2025.</ref> Keywords: Feminine-inclined, diminutives, rare, sexual, two syllables.

'''Rayan''' or '''Rayyan''' (ريّان). Arabic. A given name, and the name of one of the gates of Paradise in Islam. Meaning "Watered, luxuriant" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406184527/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayyan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230406020730/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rayyan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 293 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 85% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAYAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, Muslim, two syllables, water

'''Raylen''' is a rare name with English Anglo-Saxon origins, meaning "he who counsels" or a coubsellor, or less commonly "protecting hands".<ref>https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/raylen</ref><ref>https://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Raylen</ref> Raylen was used as a msculine name 66% of the time in US SSA data, and is a combination of "Ray" and "Len" and also considered a variant of Raymond.<ref>https://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Raylen.html{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Variants include Raylan. Keywords: English, masculine leaning names, jobs, two syllables.

'''Reagan'''. English. This became a given name in the 1970s, before Ronald Reagan was president of the US. Then the given name largely disappeared from popularity during his term. It became popular as a given name just after his term ended. The Reagan administration's inaction against the contemporary AIDS epidemic has been condemned as an intentional act of genocide against LGBT people, who were affected by it the most.<ref name="Francis">{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Donald P |title=Deadly AIDS policy failure by the highest levels of the US government: A personal look back 30 years later for lessons to respond better to future epidemics |journal=Journal of Public Health Policy |date=August 1, 2012 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=290–300 |doi=10.1057/jphp.2012.14 |pmid=22895498 |s2cid=205127920 |language=en |issn=1745-655X}}</ref><ref name="Arno">{{cite journal |last1=Arno |first1=PS |last2=Feiden |first2=K |title=Ignoring the epidemic. How the Reagan administration failed on AIDS. |journal=Health PAC Bulletin |date=December 1986 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=7–11 |pmid=10280242 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Ganga | first=Maria L La | title=The first lady who looked away: Nancy and the Reagans' troubling Aids legacy | website=The Guardian | date=March 11, 2016 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/mar/11/nancy-ronald-reagan-aids-crisis-first-lady-legacy | access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Lopez | first=German | title=The Reagan administration's unbelievable response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic | website=Vox | date=November 1, 2015 | url=https://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9828348/ronald-reagan-hiv-aids | access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> The given name comes from the Irish surname, Reagan, which is anglicized from the Irish surname Ó Ríagáin. Meaning "Descendant of Riagán." Riagán is an Irish masculine given name, possibly meaning "Impulsive."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reagan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323235548/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reagan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riaga10n [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327020248/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riaga10n Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 5,423 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RA/RAIN/index.html</ref> SSA data shows about 70 with the variant '''Reegan''', feminine 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REEGAN/index.html</ref> SSA data shows about 6891 with the variant '''Regan''', feminine 82% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REGAN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606003407/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REGAN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Rebel'''. English. Meaning "One who opposes an authority; one who renounces and resists one's government; one who acts in opposition or disobedience" in English. Ultimately from Latin ''rebellō'' "I fight back."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rebel/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220521123507/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rebel/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rebel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230628230302/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rebel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 813 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REBEL/index.html</ref> Keywords: anarchy, battle, English word name, neutral inclined, punk, two syllables

'''Redell'''. English. Meaning "Red meadow." This was a rare neutral name in the Edwardian era.<ref>http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Redell.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20200810084442/http://www.ourbabynamer.com:80/meaning-of-Redell.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 427 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, earth, Edwardian era, nature, plants, two syllables

'''Reese'''. English and Welsh. Traditionally masculine, became neutral in the 1990s. Neutral anglicized form of the Welsh masculine name Rhys. Meaning "Enthusiasm."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reese [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reese Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rhys [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075946/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rhys Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5628 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 64% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref>

'''Rei''' (れい). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation used to spell it. Some options include "bell" (鈴) or "beautiful" (麗).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rei [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401231531/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rei Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In Japan, this is a feminine name, but US SSA data shows about 464 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable, two syllables

'''Reign'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "royal authority; the influence of one resembling a monarch; the time during which someone rules" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reign [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085257/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reign Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reign [https://web.archive.org/web/20230629144925/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reign Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 65 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word name, nobility, one syllable

'''Remedy'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "A treatment that relieves or cures a disease; something that corrects or counteracts; the legal means to recover a right or to prevent or obtain redress for a wrong" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remedy/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220118141935/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remedy/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/remedy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306211506/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/remedy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: English word name, healing, rebirth, three syllables

'''Remi'''. This name appears in various cultures, which each have their own views on whether it is masculine, feminine, or neutral. 1. Yoruba. Feminine. Short form of the feminine name Oluremi, meaning "The Lord God consoles me" in Yoruba.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/oluremi/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604204404/https://www.behindthename.com/name/oluremi/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. English. Neutral. Anglicized variant of the French masculine name Rémy, meaning "Oarsman."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 3. English. Masculine. Short form of the masculine name Jeremiel, from Hebrew Yerachme'el (יְרַחְמְאֵל), meaning "God will have pity," which is the name of several men in the Hebrew Bible, and an apochryphal archangel who is also called Remiel or Uriel.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeremiel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074641/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jeremiel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerahmeel [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074959/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jerahmeel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remi/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814175024/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remi/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1653 people have been named Remi, used as a feminine name 71% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: angels, Christian, Godly, gothic, mercy, nautical, two syllables, water

'''Remington''' is a traditional English name meaning "Place On A Riverbank", and is used for males 74% of the time. It is also used as a surname. Nicknames include Rem or Remy.<ref>https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/m/remington</ref> Keywords: English, nature, masculine leaning

'''Remy'''. English. Neutral. Anglicized variant of the French masculine name Rémy, meaning "Oarsman," which is a saint name.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/remy/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20230207183030/https://www.behindthename.com/name/remy/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/re10my Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3171 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 56% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: nautical, saint name, two syllables, water

'''Ren'''. Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation used to spell it. Some options include "lotus" (蓮) or "love" (恋). US SSA data shows about 3181 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Rene'''. English. Pronounced "rə-NAY." Since the Edwardian era, this has been a gender-neutral anglicized form of the masculine name René and the feminine name Renée. Both of those come from the masculine late Roman name Renatus, meaning "Born again" in Latin. Rene was especially popular as a neutral name during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene [https://web.archive.org/web/20230126181754/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene10 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230627063305/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rene10 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/renatus [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080308/https://www.behindthename.com/name/renatus Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 102,069 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: 20th century, Christian, midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, rebirth, two syllables

'''Rennie'''. English. Pronounced "RIN-ee." Neutral diminutive of names such as neutral Rene, feminine Irene, and masculine Rennard and Warren.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rennie/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220015249/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/rennie/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2159 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 54% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Reon''' (れおん). Japanese. Borrowed from the English, German, Polish, Slovene, Croatian, Dutch, and Greek masculine name Leon, meaning "Lion" in Greek. In Japanese, the meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation chosen to spell it. Some options include "beautiful sound" (麗音) and "jasmine center" (莉央).<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/reon.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203427/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/reon.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/leon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529061939/https://www.behindthename.com/name/leon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: three syllables, two syllables

'''Reyes'''. Spanish. Pronounced "REH-yes." Meaning "kings." From one of the titles of the Virgin Mary, ''La Virgen de los Reyes'', "the Virgin of the Kings," from a legend in which she appeared to a king.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/reyes [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034652/https://www.behindthename.com/name/reyes Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 15,388 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: Catholic, Christian, masculine inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ricci'''. English and Filipino. Pronounced "REE-chee" or "RIH-kee." From the Italian surname Ricci, meaning "curly hair," or a variant spelling of the masculine name Ricky, from Richard, meaning "Brave ruler."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricci/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20211203161721/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricci/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/ricci [https://web.archive.org/web/20230330071640/https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/ricci Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/richard [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074308/https://www.behindthename.com/name/richard Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1704 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 51% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ricki'''. English. Popular as a neutral name during the 1940s and 1950s. Neutral diminutive form of the masculine name Richard, meaning "Brave ruler."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricki [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235027/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ricki Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 5488 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 66% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Ridley'''. English. Pronounced "RID-lee." From the surname, from the place name, meaning "Reed meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ridley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213091237/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ridley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Ridley also happens to be a word for a couple of types of sea turtle.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ridley [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012045/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ridley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 93 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 73% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: animals, nature, nautical, plants, two syllables, water

'''Riley'''. English. Popular as a neutral name in the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s. From the surname Riley. Meaning "Rye meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Riley also happens to be a word meaning "Turbid, angry" in modern English.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205012032/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 13,331 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 50% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] bearing this name include [[genderfluid]] Riley Cavanaugh in the book ''Symptoms of Being Human''.<ref name="supe_Symp">{{Cite web |title=Symptoms Of Being Human Summary |author= |work=SuperSummary |date= |access-date=3 October 2020 |url= https://www.supersummary.com/symptoms-of-being-human/summary/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425035630/https://www.supersummary.com/symptoms-of-being-human/summary/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Keywords: emotions, nature, neutral inclined, plants, punk, two syllables

'''Rio'''. English. This became a neutral given name starting in the 1990s in English-speaking countries. After the city in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, meaning "River of January" in Portuguese.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rio-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220710215706/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rio-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1184 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, travel, two syllables, water

'''Ripley'''. English. Pronounced "RIP-lee." A neutral name, from a surname, from the name of several towns in England. Meaning "Strip of land meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ripley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528222502/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ripley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Keywords: earth, two syllables

'''River'''. English. This became a neutral given name in the UK and US starting in the 1990s. Meaning "A natural stream of water" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/river [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604071159/https://www.behindthename.com/name/river Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1314 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RE/REDELL/index.html</ref> Keywords: English word name, nature, two syllables, water. [[Notable nonbinary people]] with this name include [[River Gallo]] and [[River Butcher]].

[[File:Lambird Robyn 01 CC.jpg|thumb|Australian wheelchair racer and model [[Robyn Lambird]].]]
'''Robin'''. English. Meaning "the red-breasted songbird" in English. Or a diminutive of the masculine name Robert, meaning "fame."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/robin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607203639/https://www.behindthename.com/name/robin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/robyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080315/https://www.behindthename.com/name/robyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 389,447 people have been named Robin, used as a feminine name 88% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBIN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230707034916/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBIN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> About 64,992 people have had the variant '''Robyn''', used as a feminine name 98% of the time, so this variant is more strictly feminine.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBYN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035922/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/R/RO/ROBYN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> About 12,463 people have had the variant '''Robbin''', used as a feminine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBBIN/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210117183101/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROBBIN/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, animals, birds, English word names, nature, two syllables. [[Nonbinary characters in fiction]] with this name include Robin in the romance novel ''Unmasked by the Marquess''.<ref name="Unmasked">{{Cite web |title=Behind the Book - Unmasked by the Marquess by Cat Sebastian |author=Sebastian, Cat |work=BookPage.com |date=17 April 2018 |access-date=15 September 2020 |url= https://bookpage.com/behind-the-book/22620-twist-trope-break-binary-find-true-love-romance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601220612/https://www.bookpage.com/behind-the-book/22620-twist-trope-break-binary-find-true-love-romance/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In real life, one [[notable nonbinary people|notable nonbinary person]] with this name is the Australian wheelchair racer and model [[Robyn Lambird]].

'''Rory'''. English. Pronounced "RAWR-ee." Traditionally masculine, this began to chart as a gender-neutral name in the 2000s. Anglicized form of the masculine Irish name Ruaidhrí. Meaning "Red king" in Irish.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rory [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075346/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rory Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ruaidhri10 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075510/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ruaidhri10 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> "Rory-tory" also happens to be slang for "dashing, flamboyant, and boisterous" in some dialects in England.<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rory-tory [https://web.archive.org/web/20220809141746/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rory-tory Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 17,222 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/RORY/index.html</ref> Keywords: colours, flamboyant, masculine inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Rosario'''. In Spanish, this name is feminine and pronounced "ro-SA-ryo," but in Italian, it is masculine and pronounced "ro-ZA-ryo." Either way, it means "Rosary," and comes from one of the titles of the Virgin Mary, "Our Lady of the Rosary." In the US, it was usually used as a masculine name from the 1900s to 1940s, and more as a feminine name from the 1930s to 1970s. In France, demographics show it was about equally used as a feminine and masculine name during the 1960s.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rosario [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416050303/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rosario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 48,490 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927234441/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Catholic, Christian, midcentury modern era, neutral inclined, three syllables

'''Rotem''' (רוֹתֶם). Hebrew. From the name of a desert plant,English name "broom plant," scientific name ''Retama raetam''. In Israel, Rotem is typically a feminine name, though it is considered gender neutral. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rotem [https://web.archive.org/web/20221024073553/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rotem Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> US SSA data shows about 139 people have had this name, used as a feminine name 81% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROTEM/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, plants, two syllables

'''Rowan'''. English. Meaning "The rowan tree, also called the mountain ash tree" in English. Or from an Irish surname, anglicized from Ó Ruadháin, meaning "Descendant of Ruadhán."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rowan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530134354/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rowan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/rowan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327020717/https://babynames.com/name/ROWAN Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 1,616 people have had this name, used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220927234441/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RO/ROSARIO/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: English word names, food, forest, nature, neutral inclined, plants, two syllables

'''Rylan'''. English. Rylan has been described as both an Old English name and as a modern name originating in the 2000s. It may have come from the names Ryland, Ryan, or Riley.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/rylan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011734/https://www.behindthename.com/name/rylan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/rylan [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527030012/https://babynames.com/name/rylan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Ryland means "Rye land" in Old English,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryland [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213085632/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryland Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> whereas Ryan means "Descendant of the little king" in Irish,<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604075929/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and Riley means "Rye meadow" in Old English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/riley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Rylan is also said to mean "Island Meadow" in Old English.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylan |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-30 |archive-date=2023-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201022013/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylan |url-status=dead }}</ref> US SSA data shows about 501 people have been named Rylan, used as a masculine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/R/RY/RYLAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: English, 2000s, earth, nature, food, masculine inclined, modern, nature, nobility plants, two syllables

'''Rylen''' is a rarer variant of Rylan, meaning "Island Meadow" or "farmer of Rye". It is used as a masculine name 80.5% of the time in US SSA data, and the diminutive is Ry.<ref>https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/rylen</ref> Keywords: English, nature, plants, two syllables.

'''Ryō''', '''Ryou''' (りょう). Japanese. Meaning "Good" (良), or other meanings depending on which ''kanji'' characters with the same pronunciation are chosen to write it.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/ryou.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203426/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/10/ryou.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryo23 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327071624/https://www.behindthename.com/name/ryo23 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames4" /> Keywords: one syllable, two syllables

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#r]]

Neutral names starting with K

2026-05-23T00:59:17Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=k}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of '''neutral names starting with K,''' continued from the [[names]] page, which see for more information. These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. In English-speaking countries, some of the most familiar gender-neutral names starting with K include Kai, Kelly, Kim, Kit, and Kris. However, there are many more unisex names from around the world that start with K, more than 200 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with J]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with L]].

==The list==

'''Kabecka'''. Native American, Arikara tribe. Meaning "Twin."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kabecka [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401162633/https://babynames.com/name/kabecka Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: birth, family, three syllables.

'''Kadek'''. Balinese. Meaning "Younger sibling; second-born child."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kadek [https://web.archive.org/web/20221106194358/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kadek Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: birth, family, two syllables.

'''Kaegan'''. American English. A modern name, possibly created by combination of the names Kay and Keagan.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kaegan [https://web.archive.org/web/20221129042501/https://babynames.com/name/kaegan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows this is used as a masculine name 61% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAEGAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Kagiso'''. Southern African, Tswana. Meaning "Peace."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kagiso [https://web.archive.org/web/20221129084511/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kagiso Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kahoru''' (かほる). Japanese. Meaning depends on kanji spelling.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/kahoru.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527212742/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/kahoru.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kahurangi'''. Maori. Meaning "Sky blue," or a gemstone found in New Zealand with a green color.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kahurangi [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122182758/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kahurangi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kai'''. Hawaiian. A neutral name, meaning "Sea" in Hawaiian. Other names spelled the same way are feminine names in some languages (such as Swedish), and masculine in others (such as Scandinavian, Frisian, and Welsh).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kai-3 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405123420/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kai-3 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames">https://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_03.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220215427/http://20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_03.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows this is used as a masculine name 83% of the time, and is mostly used in California..<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160720001558/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, two syllables, water

'''Kailash''' (कैलाश). Hindi. From the place name (the name of a sacred mountain in the Himalayas), meaning "Crystal."<ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: earth, mountains, places, two syllables

'''Kaipo'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "The sweetheart."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kaipo [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122224147/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kaipo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 4,000 people with this name, used as a feminine name 60% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAIPO/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-05 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720131812/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAIPO/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: affection, love, neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Kalani'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "The heavens," or "The sky."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kalani [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082605/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kalani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows about 4,000 people with this name, used as a feminine name 60% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KALANI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220125163633/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KALANI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, neutral inclined, sky, three syllables

'''Kalin'''. English, modern. A combination of the names Caleb and Colin.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kalin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230128103131/https://babynames.com/name/kalin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3,020 people with this name, used as a masculine name 52% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KALANI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20220125163633/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KALANI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Kamber'''. English. From the English surname Kamber, meaning "From Wales (Cambria)."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kamber [https://web.archive.org/web/20221128205003/https://babynames.com/name/kamber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables.

'''Kameron'''. English. Modern variant of the name Cameron. From the Scottish surname. Meaning "Crooked nose." Short form: '''Kam'''. Other variants: '''Kamryn'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kameron [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206225848/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kameron Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/cameron [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329033042/https://www.behindthename.com/name/cameron Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kamryn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074412/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kamryn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows use of Kameron as a masculine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAMERON/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180228102135/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/K/KA/KAMERON/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: appearance, masculine inclined, one syllable, three syllables, two syllables

'''Kamon''' (กมล). Thai. Meaning "Heart, mind."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kamon [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011749/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kamon Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kanta''' (कान्ता, कान्त). Hindi and Bengali. In Sanskrit, meaning "Beauty."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kanta [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606095058/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kanta Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kanti''' (कान्ती, कान्ति). Hindi and Bengali. In Sanskrit, meaning "Beauty." Also another name of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of luck, beauty, and prosperity.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kanti [https://web.archive.org/web/20220616051837/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kanti Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kaoru''' (かおる). Japanese. Meaning "Incense" (香) or other meanings depending on kanji spelling.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kaoru [https://web.archive.org/web/20230321015309/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kaoru Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, this name is very rare; SSA data shows about 43 people with this name, used as a masculine name 63% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAORU/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, three syllables

'''Kapua'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "The flower" or "The child."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kapua [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707130407/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kapua Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Karam''' (كرم). Arabic. Meaning "Generosity, nobleness."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/karam [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531052735/https://www.behindthename.com/name/karam Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Karmel''' (כַּרְמֶל). Hebrew. From the Biblical place, the name of a mountain in the Holy Land. Meaning "Garden land."<ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 133 people with this name, and it is used as a feminine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KARMEL/index.html</ref> Keywords: Biblical, earth, feminine inclined, mountain, place, rare

'''Karni''' (קַרְנִי). Hebrew. Meaning "My horn," a symbol of strength.<ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: two syllables

'''Karsen''' or '''Karsyn'''. English, modern. Modern neutral variants of the neutral name Carson. From the Scottish surname.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/karsyn [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011749/https://www.behindthename.com/name/karsyn Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/carson [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606060139/https://www.behindthename.com/name/carson Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows 4,310 people named Karsyn, and it is used as a feminine name 87% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KARSYN/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, two syllables

'''Kasey'''. English. A variant spelling of neutral '''Casey'''. Meaning "Vigilant, wakeful."<ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 176,438 people named Casey, and it is used as a masculine name 58% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CASEY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20211105102638/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/C/CA/CASEY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, personality, two syllables, virtue

'''Kathan'''. Irish. A variant of the name Cathan. Meaning "Battle victor."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kathan [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003081648/https://babynames.com/name/kathan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: battle, courage, two syllables

'''Katlego'''. Southern African, Tswana. Meaning "Success" in Tswana.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/katlego [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020185947/https://www.behindthename.com/name/katlego Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Katz'''. German. From the surname. From the German word ''katze'', meaning "Cat."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/katz [https://web.archive.org/web/20221204221744/https://babynames.com/name/katz Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: animals, mammals, one syllable.

'''Kaworu''' (かをる). Japanese. Meaning depends on kanji spelling.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/09/kaoru.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902204446/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/09/kaoru.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kayden'''. English, modern. A modern neutral variant of the English masculine name Caden. From the Irish surname Caden, from the Irish Gaelic surname Mac Cadáin, meaning "Son of Cadán."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kayden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082702/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kayden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/caden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075506/https://www.behindthename.com/name/caden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows 34,953 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 82% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-05 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720131755/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, modern, two syllables

'''Kayin'''. Western African, Yoruba. Meaning "Celebrated child" in Yoruba.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kayin-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007084925/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kayin-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 478 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 88% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-05 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720131755/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, two syllables

'''Kealoha'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "The loved one" in Hawaiian.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kealoha [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320162315/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kealoha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 66 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 51% of the time.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-03-05 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720131755/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KA/KAYDEN/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: affection, love, neutral inclined, very rare

'''Keelan'''. English. From the Irish surname, short for the Irish surname Keelahan, an anglicized form of Gaelic surname Ó Céileacháin. Meaning "Descendant of Ceileachain," which in turn means "Little companion." Variants: '''Kelan''' and '''Keelin'''.<ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 2,693 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 89% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KEELAN/index.html</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, two syllables

'''Kefilwe'''. Southern African, Tswana. Meaning "I was given" in Tswana.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kefilwe [https://web.archive.org/web/20221224013312/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kefilwe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" />

'''Kei''' けい (Japanese Hirangana), other spellings include 慧, 圭, 慶, 恵, etc. (Japanese Kanji). Kei is pronounced KEH. Meaning "Knight" (桂), "intelligent" (慧), "gemstone" (圭), "congratulate" (慶) or others depending on kanji spelling, this name can also be formed from other kanji or kanji combinations.<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/kei.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902204442/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/kei.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kei/</ref> Very rare in the US, mostly used in California, SSA data shows about 513 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KEI/index.html</ref> Keywords: Japanese, Asian, intelligent, neutral inclined, one syllable, two syllables.

'''Keiki'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "Child" in Hawaiian.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/keiki [https://web.archive.org/web/20220706135325/https://babynames.com/name/keiki Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kelby'''. English. From the English surname. Meaning "From the ridge farm." Variant: '''Kelbie'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kelby [https://web.archive.org/web/20230131004308/https://babynames.com/name/kelby Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows 4,925 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 72% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KELBY/index.html</ref> Keywords: earth, two syllables

'''Kelekokio'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "Seahorse" in Hawaiian.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kelekokio [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003083908/https://babynames.com/name/kelekokio Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Seahorses are an example of gender variance in nature, because the males carry the eggs. Keywords: animals, fish, gender variance, nautical, sea, water

'''Kelly'''. English, Irish. Anglicized form of the Irish masculine name Ceallach. Meaning "Bright-headed." Variants: '''Kellen''', '''Kelley''', '''Kelli''', '''Kellin'''.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kellen [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207001555/https://babynames.com/name/kellen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kelly [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075507/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kelly Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 521,635 people with this name, and use as a feminine name 86% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KELLY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206161901/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KELLY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, two syllables. Notable nonbinary people with this name include the American comedian and nurse [[Kelli Dunham]].<ref name="Guerrero">{{Cite web |title=Genderqueer Comic Kelli Dunham On Getting (Thee) Away From a Nunnery |last=Guerrero |first=Desirée |work=The Advocate |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |url= https://www.advocate.com/comedy/2020/4/21/genderqueer-comic-kelli-dunham-getting-thee-away-nunnery|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103074504/https://www.advocate.com/comedy/2020/4/21/genderqueer-comic-kelli-dunham-getting-thee-away-nunnery |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Kellsie'''. English. A modern American English neutral variant of the English feminine Chelsea, from the place name Chelsea. Meaning "Landing place for chalk or limestone" in Old English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kellsie [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203200523/https://babynames.com/name/kellsie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/chelsea [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329132440/https://www.behindthename.com/name/chelsea Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kelcey'''. English. The most neutral variant of feminine Kelsey. From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "Cenel's island" in Old English. Another origin is the Old English personal name Céolsige, meaning "Ship victory." Other variants are statistically more likely to be used as feminine names: '''Kelsi''', '''Kelsie''', '''Kelsea''', '''Kelcey'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kelsey [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405195211/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kelsey Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 2,672 people named Kelcey, and use as a feminine name 74% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KELCEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, nautical, two syllables, water

'''Kendall'''. English. From the surname, from the place name of the city of Kendale in England. Meaning "Valley on the river Kent."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kendall [https://web.archive.org/web/20230704181411/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kendall Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Variants: '''Kendal'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kendal [https://web.archive.org/web/20230128093201/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kendal Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows 79,129 people with this name, and use as a feminine name 62% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KENDALL/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170618175756/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/K/KE/KENDALL/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Kenley'''. English. From the surname, from the place name in England. Meaning "Royal meadow."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kenley [https://web.archive.org/web/20220808113004/https://babynames.com/name/kenley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows 4,973 people with this name, and use as a feminine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KENLEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, two syllables

'''Kennedy'''. Kennedy is used as a forename, middle name and a surname. It is of Scottish Gaelic or Irish origin, meaning "misshapen head".<ref>https://www.popular-babynames.com/name/kennedy</ref> In the United States, Kennedy is a feminine-leaning first name but in Brazil it is masculine-leaning.<ref>https://namecensus.com/first-names/kennedy-meaning-and-history/</ref><ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KE/KENNEDY/index.html</ref> Keywords: Feminine-inclined, surnames, Irish, Scottish.

'''Kentucky'''. American English. From the place name of the US State, from the Native American Iroquois word, meaning "Prairie," or from Native American Ojibwe, meaning "Land of our fathers."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kentucky [https://web.archive.org/web/20220706134127/https://babynames.com/name/kentucky Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554924/Kentucky.html |title=Kentucky |access-date=February 25, 2007 |website=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091030052538/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554924/Kentucky.html |archive-date=October 30, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Nichols, John & Nyholm, Earl. ''Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe'', 1994.</ref>

'''Kenwood'''. English. Meaning "Royal guardian" in Old English (''Cyneweard'').<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kenwood [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817192423/https://babynames.com/name/kenwood Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nobility, two syllables

'''Keone'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "The homeland" in Hawaiian.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/keone [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081438/https://www.behindthename.com/name/keone Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kern'''. German. From the surname. Meaning "A seed of grain."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kern [https://web.archive.org/web/20230207074830/https://babynames.com/name/kern Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, farm, nature, plant.

'''Kerr'''. Scottish. From the surname, from the place name. Meaning "From the rough ground."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kerr [https://web.archive.org/web/20230128102116/https://babynames.com/name/kerr Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, one syllable

'''Kerry'''. Irish, from the place name of the Irish county, Ciarraí, meaning "Ciar's people", Kerry also means "dark" or "dark-haired one". As an English name, Kerry is almost exclusively used as a feminine name. Variants: '''Ceri''', '''Keri''', '''Kerri''', and '''Kerrie'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kerry [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kerry Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Ceri is a more gender neutral variant of '''Ceridwen,''' which comes from the Welsh word "cerdd" which means poet, and "gwyn" which means fair or white.<ref name="Dowrick57">{{Cite web|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/57-absolutely-gorgeous-traditional-welsh-28485623|title= 57 absolutely gorgeous traditional Welsh baby names that are making a comeback and the meanings behind them | date = 2024-01-21 | access-date = 2024-07-17 | website = Wales Online|last=Dowrick|first=Molly}}</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/b/girl-baby-name-kerry</ref><ref name="kerry-b">https://nameberry.com/b/boy-baby-name-kerry</ref><ref>US Official social security website shows Keery was used as a feminine name 52% of the time, and was most popular in the 1980s. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180202070118/https://www.ssa.gov/cgi-bin/babyname.cgi Popularity of name Kerry] on 4 September 2024</ref> '''Kerrigan''' is a more masculine variant.<ref name="kerry-b"/> Kerry is also used as a surname. Keywords: feminine inclined, Irish, Gaelic, Welsh, English, two syllables, 1980s, surnames.

'''Keshet''' (קֶשֶׁת). Hebrew. Meaning "Rainbow" in Hebrew.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/keshet [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081119/https://www.behindthename.com/name/keshet Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Today, the rainbow flag is a symbol of LGBT people. Keywords: gender variance, nature, sky, two syllables

'''Kham''' (ຄຳ). Lao. Meaning "Gold" in Lao.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kham [https://web.archive.org/web/20211202042857/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kham Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Very rare in the US, SSA data shows about 30 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 84% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KH/KHAM/index.html</ref> Keywords: earth, masculine inclined, one syllable, treasure

'''Khamphet''' (ຄຳເພັດ). Lao. Meaning "Gold gem" or "Gold diamond."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/khamphet [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604213945/https://www.behindthename.com/name/khamphet Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, treasure, two syllables

'''Khayrat''' (خيرات). Arabic. Meaning "Good deeds" in Arabic.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/khayrat [https://web.archive.org/web/20221127130237/https://www.behindthename.com/name/khayrat Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: two syllables, virtue

'''Khurshid''' (خورشید). Persian. Meaning "Shining sun." The name of an angel. Variant: '''Khorshid'''. <ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/khurshid [https://web.archive.org/web/20230324090127/https://www.behindthename.com/name/khurshid Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: angel, light, sky, sun, Zoroastrianism

'''Ki'''. [[Notable nonbinary people]] with this name include the British actor [[Ki Griffin]].<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/CG0kLTrAorZ/ Instagram post], 26 October 2020</ref><ref name="thes_Holl">{{Cite web |title=Hollyoaks star Ki Griffin feels pressure of being soap's first intersex and non-binary actor |last1=Murgatroyd |first1=Lucy |last2=Greenwood |first2=Carl |work=The Sun |date=18 December 2020 |access-date=5 February 2021 |url= https://www.thesun.co.uk/tv/13514919/hollyoaks-ki-griffin-intersex-non-binary-actor/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605224413/https://www.thesun.co.uk/tv/13514919/hollyoaks-ki-griffin-intersex-non-binary-actor/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Kijana'''. African, Kiswahili. Meaning "Youth" in Kiswahili.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kijana [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707141025/https://babynames.com/name/kijana Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 393 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIJANA/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, three syllables

'''Killian'''. Irish. A form of the name Cillian. Meaning "A monk's cell."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/killian [https://web.archive.org/web/20220818043513/https://babynames.com/name/killian Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kim'''. 1. English. A neutral name that can be short for neutral Kimberly or masculine Kimball. Variants: '''Kimbra''', '''Kimmie''', '''Kimmy''', '''Kym'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kim-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529025016/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kim-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 2. Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish. In these countries, this is a masculine name, a short form derived from the Biblical Hebrew name Jehoiachin (יְהוֹיָכִין), meaning "God establishes."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jehoiachin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080312/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jehoiachin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> 3. Vietnam. In this country this is a feminine name, meaning "Gold."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kim-3 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230215024815/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kim-3 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The name Kim appears in other cultures as well, each with their own views on whether it is masculine, feminine, or neutral. In the US, SSA data shows that it is feminine 85% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIM/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221004123032/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIM/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable genderqueer people with this name include American singer [[Kym Register]].<ref name="Howe">{{Cite web |title=Pinhook Pillar Kym Register Raises Their Voice on Stunning New Loamlands Record |last=Howe |first=Brian |work=INDY Week |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=31 July 2020 |url= https://indyweek.com/music/features/loamlands-lez-dance-kym-register-interview/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921152416/https://indyweek.com/music/features/loamlands-lez-dance-kym-register-interview/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Kimani'''. African, Kenyan. Meaning "Sailor, adventurer" in the language of the Kukiyu tribe in Kenya.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kimani [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329102923/https://babynames.com/name/kimani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 2,492 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 53% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607034908/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: courage, nautical, neutral inclined, three syllables

'''Kingsley'''. English. From the surname, from the place name Cyningesleah. Meaning "King's meadow" in Old English.<ref name="2knames" /> US SSA data shows about 2,587 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 85% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607034908/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, masculine inclined, nobility, two syllables

'''Kipling'''. English. From the surname. Meaning "From Cuppel's people."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kipling [https://web.archive.org/web/20221126114214/https://babynames.com/name/kipling Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Kirabo'''. Eastern African, Ganda. Meaning "Gift" in Luganda.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kirabo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230205111549/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kirabo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: three syllables

'''Kiran'''. Indian. Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali (किरण). Kannada (ಕಿರಣ್). Telugu (కిరణ్). Malayalam (കിരൺ). Tamil (கிரன்). Gujarati (કિરણ). Urdu (کرن). From the Sanskrit word ''kirana'' (किरण), meaning "Dust," "Thread," or "Sunbeam."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kiran [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320090157/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kiran Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3,405 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 52% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607034908/http://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIMANI/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: earth, light, neutral inclined, sun, two syllables

'''Kirby'''. English. From the English surname, from the place name, meaning "church settlement" in Old Norse.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kirby [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213081818/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kirby Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows 14,218 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 80% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIRBY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230517211337/https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIRBY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: masculine inclined, two syllables

'''Kisembo'''. Eastern African, Tooro. Meaning "Gift" in Rutooro.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kisembo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230205113908/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kisembo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Jonathan Musere. ''Traditional African Names''. Scarecrow Press, 2000. P. 162.</ref> Keywords: three syllables

'''Kiss'''. English. A modern name. Meaning "An affectionate touch" in English.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/kiss [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123324/https://babynames.com/name/kiss Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: love, one syllable

'''Kit'''. English. Neutral short form of masculine name Christopher and feminine name Katherine.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kit [https://web.archive.org/web/20230404185440/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kit Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3,154 people with this name, and use as a masculine name 67% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KI/KIT/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined, one syllable

'''Knight'''. English. From the surname. Meaning "Warrior."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/knight [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130203452/https://babynames.com/name/knight Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 218 people with this given name.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KN/KNIGHT/index.html</ref> Keywords: nobility, occupation, one syllable

'''Kole'''. Slavic, English, and German. Meaning "victory of the people" or "charcoal."

'''Kona'''. Hawaiian, Celtic - Gaelic, English, Old Norse. Meaning "World rule", "leeward" (a wind direction) or "woman, wife" in Hawaiian, "world rule" in Gaelic, derived from a word meaning "woman, wife" in Old Norse,<ref>https://www.nordicnames.de/wiki/Kona</ref> or as a nickname for "Donald" in English.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kona</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/kona |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-12-02 |archive-date=2023-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204015216/https://www.everything-birthday.com/name/f/kona |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the US, Kona is used as a boy's name 70% of the time, with 30% being girls. Kona is also the name of a brand of mountain bikes, a variety of coffee and a model of car.<ref>https://www.kona.com</ref><ref>https://babynames.com/name/Kona</ref><ref>https://nameberry.com/babyname/kona/girl</ref> Keywords: neutral-inclined, American, Hawaiian, Celtic, Gaelic, English, Norse, Scandinavian, diminutive, nature, direction, two syllables, sport

'''Konani'''. Hawaiian. Meaning "Bright" in Hawaiian.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/konani [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127045435/https://www.behindthename.com/name/konani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="2knames" /> Keywords: three syllables

'''Kondwani'''. Southern African, Chewa, Tumbuka. Meaning "Be happy, rejoice" in Chewa and Tumbuka.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kondwani [https://web.archive.org/web/20230205103700/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kondwani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: emotion, happiness, positivity, three syllables

'''Kris'''. English, Flemish, and Danish. Short for many masculine, feminine, and neutral names, such as Christopher, Christina, Christian, Kristina, Kristian, Kistroffer, and so on. All of these derive from Christian names referring to Jesus Christ. The word "Christ" (from Greek ''Christos'' Χριστός) means "Anointed." Variants: '''Chris''', '''Kristi''', '''Kristie''', '''Kristy'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kris [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529131549/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kris Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 24,923 people named Kris, and use as a feminine name 51% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KR/KRIS/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20170208091122/http://www.mynamestats.com:80/First-Names/K/KR/KRIS/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, neutral inclined, one syllable, religious, spiritual, two syllables. Notable genderqueer people with this name include American author [[Kris Ripper]].<ref name="Gray">{{Cite web |title=A sit down with Kris Ripper where I ask about kinky pirates. |author=Gray, J.R. |work= |date=October 16, 2015 |access-date=October 5, 2020 |url= https://jrgraybooks.com/2015/10/16/a-sit-down-with-kris-ripper-where-i-ask-about-kinky-pirates/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019114621/https://jrgraybooks.com/2015/10/16/a-sit-down-with-kris-ripper-where-i-ask-about-kinky-pirates/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

'''Kulap''' (กุหลาบ). Thai. Meaning "Rose" in Thai.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kulap [https://web.archive.org/web/20230528162642/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kulap Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: beauty, flower, nature, plant, two syllables

'''Kumbukani'''. Southern African, Chewa. Meaning "Remember" in Chewa.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kumbukani [https://web.archive.org/web/20211209144259/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kumbukani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kunzang''' (ཀུན་བཟང). Tibetan, Bhutanese. Meaning "All good, ever excellent" in Tibetan.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kunzang [https://web.archive.org/web/20220516225419/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kunzang Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Kusuma'''. Indonesian. Meaning "Flower" in Sanskrit ( कुसुम ).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kusuma [https://web.archive.org/web/20230121210959/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kusuma Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: flower, nature, plant, three syllables

'''Kyrie'''. American English. A modern name derived from a Christian prayer in Greek, ''Kyrie eleison'', meaning "Lord, have mercy."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/kyrie [https://web.archive.org/web/20221001115547/https://www.behindthename.com/name/kyrie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows about 3,861 people with this name, and use as a feminine name 68% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KY/KYRIE/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, modern, neutral inclined, religious, spiritual, three syllables, two syllables

'''Kyung''' (경). Korean. Meaning "Honor," or other meanings depending on the ''hanja'' characters used to spell it. Also transliterated as '''Gyeong'''.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/gyeong [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604044030/https://www.behindthename.com/name/gyeong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/gyeong [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604044030/https://www.behindthename.com/name/gyeong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the US, the name is rare at about 105 people. US SSA data shows it is used as a feminine name 83% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KY/KYUNG/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007002310/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/K/KY/KYUNG/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: feminine inclined, one syllable, virtue

==See also==
*[[names]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#k]]

Agender

2026-05-16T23:35:36Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

<languages />
{{Personal story
| quote = <translate> I discovered non-binary identities last year when I was 18. When I read the definition of "agender", it just clicked.</translate>
| name = <translate> Jay</translate>
| age = <translate> 19</translate>
| identity = <translate> Agender</translate>
}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = agender.png
| meaning = Black: absence of gender; grey: partial gender; green: gender that isn't related to male or female.
| related = [[Agenderfluid]] and [[Agenderflux]]
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 23.8%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Agender
}}

'''Agender''' (also called '''genderblank'''{{citation needed}}, '''genderfree''', '''genderless''', '''gendervoid'''{{citation needed}}, '''non-gendered,''' '''ungendered'''<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=An individual of any genetic sex may also regard him-herself as neither a woman nor a man, but a member of some other gender, as is common in non-Western cultures (and is becoming increasingly recognized in the West as well), or as an ungendered person, who does not or will not identify with any conventional gender.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718084440/https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>, or '''null gender'''{{citation needed}}) is an identity under the [[nonbinary]] and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Agender individuals find that they have no [[gender identity]], although some define it more as having a gender identity that is neutral. (See [[gender neutral]] for a related identity.)

Agender Pride day is celebrated on the 19th of May.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Important LGBT Dates |author= |work=LGBTLifeWestchester.org |date= |access-date=11 November 2021 |url= https://www.lgbtlifewestchester.org/important_lgbt_dates|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213102536/http://www.lgbtlifewestchester.org/important_lgbt_dates|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agender Pride Day |last=Ohene |first=Benjamin |work=Believe Out Loud |date= |access-date=11 November 2021 |url= https://www.believeoutloud.com/voices/article/agender-pride-day/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531145919/http://www.believeoutloud.com/voices/article/agender-pride-day/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==History== 


A 1997 paper in ''International Journal of Transgenderism'' states that "An individual of any genetic [[sex]] may also regard him-herself as [...] an ungendered person, who does not or will not identify with any conventional gender."<ref name="Eyler" />

The 1998 book ''Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students: A Handbook for Faculty and Administrators'' lists "ungendered" as a label used by some transgender people.<ref>{{cite book|title=Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students: A Handbook for Faculty and Administrators|year=1998|editor=Sanlo, Ronni|page=37|quote=Transgender persons are those who are not comfortable living within the confines of the social stereotype of gender as applied to themselves. Labels used include cross-dresser, drag king, drag queen, intersexed, transsexual, butch, femme, ungendered, androgynous, and more. The labels are many and changing, and they are not always accepted by the people to whom they are applied.|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Working_with_Lesbian_Gay_Bisexual_and_Tr/vD2dAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719014750/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Working_with_Lesbian_Gay_Bisexual_and_Tr/vD2dAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0|archive-date=19 July 2023|access-date=4 October 2021|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>


A 2000 post on Usenet described the Christian God as agender. In 2005, another Usenet user wrote that "cultures can have [[transgender]], agender, and [[hypergender]] individuals."<ref name="them2018">{{Cite web |title=What Does It Mean to Be Agender? |work=them. |date=7 August 2018 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url= https://www.them.us/story/inqueery-agender |quote=sj Miller |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603030020/https://www.them.us/story/inqueery-agender |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

Linguistic research by Zimman and Hayworth suggests that "agender" was part of the discourse in gender-related [[Livejournal]] communities in the early-to-late 2000s. While the term appeared less often in discussions by members of "ftm" and "genderqueer" than the terms "genderqueer" or "genderfuck", it did become slightly more popular in both communities in the late '00s.<ref>Zimman, Lal, and Hayworth, Will. "How we got here: Short-scale change in identity labels for trans, cis, and non-binary people in the 2000s". 2020. Proc Ling Soc Amer 5(1). 499–513. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4728</nowiki></ref><ref>Zimman, Lal, and Hayworth, Will. "Lexical Change as Sociopolitical Change in Trans and Cis Identity Labels: New Methods for the Corpus Analysis of Internet Data". ''Selected Papers from New Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV 47)''. January 15 2020. <nowiki>https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/45253</nowiki></ref>


"Non-gendered", "genderless", and "agender" were mentioned in a list of valid nonbinary identities in the 2013 text ''Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide''.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9781446293133|title=Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide|last1=Richards|first1=Christina|last2=Barker|first2=Meg|year=2013|publisher=SAGE Publications}}</ref>


Salem X (also known as "Ska" or as their Tumblr user name "transrants") created the agender flag in 2014, sharing the design on Feb 18th.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majesticmess.com/encyclopedia/agender-flag/ |title=Agender Flag – Majestic Mess Designs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612222135/https://majesticmess.com/encyclopedia/agender-flag/ |archive-date=12 June 2022 |date= |website=Majestic Mess |access-date=24 March 2023}}
</ref> In reference to the colors chosen, they said "The black and white stripes represent an absence of gender, the gray represents semi-genderlessness, and the central green stripe represents nonbinary genders." In 2014, they also created the demiboy, demigirl and deminonbinary flags.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majesticmess.com/2018/12/16/interview-creator-of-the-agender-flag/ |title=Interview: Creator of the Agender Flag – Majestic Mess Designs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228183501/https://majesticmess.com/2018/12/16/interview-creator-of-the-agender-flag/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |date= |website=Majestic Mess |access-date=24 March 2023}}
</ref>


In 2014, agender was one of the 56 genders made [[Gender and social media sites|available on Facebook]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Shapira|first=Eve|title=Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age}}</ref>


In 2015, Dictionary.com added an entry for "agender,"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ |title=New words added to Dictionary.com |date=May 6, 2015 |website=Dictionary.com |access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518081412/http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}
</ref> which it defined as "a person who does not have a specific gender identity or recognizable gender expression."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/agender?s=t |title=Agender |date= |website=Dictionary.com |access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003223452/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/agender?s=t |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}
</ref>


On March 10 2017, a resident of Portland, Oregon, USA requested in court to be legally agender, and the request was approved.<ref name="Ohara">{{Cite web |title=Judge grants Oregon resident the right to be genderless |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=NBC News |date=23 March 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/judge-grants-oregon-resident-right-be-genderless-n736971|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412055211/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/judge-grants-oregon-resident-right-be-genderless-n736971 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>


A 2018 survey of "Attitudes to Gender", ran by the Britain-based "Future of Legal Gender" project, asked people if they agree or disagree with the statement "More people will identify as agender (not having a gender) in the future." 32.4% selected "agree" and 13.7% selected "strongly agree". 20.6% selected "neither agree nor disagree" and 19.7% "don't know", compared to a mere 6.6% "disagree" and 7% "strongly disagree". (71% of nonbinary respondents agreed or strongly agreed.)<ref name="FLG">{{Cite web |title=Survey Findings |author= |work=The Future of Legal Gender |date= |access-date=9 April 2020 |url= https://futureoflegalgender.kcl.ac.uk/gender-in-everyday-life/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206213559/https://futureoflegalgender.kcl.ac.uk/gender-in-everyday-life/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

==Agender as gender identity or lack of gender identity== 


Some agender people feel that they have no gender identity, while others feel that agender is itself a gender identity. This can be similar to or overlap with the experience of being [[gender neutral]] or having a neutral gender identity.

Sociologist Canton Winer's research on [[gender detachment]] found that several people they interviewed said they used the term agender for themselves, suggesting an overlap between agender experiences and gender detachment.<ref>Winer, C. (2025). Does Everyone Have a Gender? Compulsory Gender, Gender Detachment, and Asexuality. ''Socius'', ''11''. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231251339382</nowiki> (Original work published 2025)</ref> However, not all of the gender-detached people in Winer's sample described themselves as agender, and those who did often related to it as a label of convenience rather than an authentic-feeling representation of self.


As some agender people have no gender identity, it is important to not talk about nonbinary or transgender people's experiences ''only'' in the sense of gender identity.

==Difference between genderless and neutrois== 


There is little agreement about the difference between terms such as agender, genderless, non-gender, gender neutral, and [[neutrois]]. These terms are often used interchangeably, or defined differently by individual writers in ways that don't necessarily match the self-definitions of others using those terms.{{citation needed}}


It is often said that non-gender or genderlessness is the experience of having ''no'' gender identity at all, whereas gender neutral or neutrois is the experience of ''having'' a gender identity, a gender identity which is not male or female, but neutral.{{citation needed}} However, these statements don't match the experiences of everyone who has taken up these identities as their own. This is a result of a disagreement between word definitions that are ''prescriptivist'' (telling everyone how they ''should'' use a word, and saying that many people use it wrong) and ''descriptivist'' (describing how people have actually been ''using'' a word, without telling them to change).

===Non-gendered as an umbrella term=== 


Some activists, such as [[Christie Elan-Cane]], use '''non-gendered''' to mean all gender outside of the [[gender binary]].{{citation needed}} This use comes from several years before the term '''nonbinary''', but is seen as problematic because it gives the idea that nonbinary gender identities don't exist, or that all nonbinary people are genderless.{{citation needed}} Nonetheless this usage is in some official organisations' documents and resources as the term to cover all nonbinary people. This is most common in the United Kingdom, for example throughout the 2011 [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transgender-action-plan UK Government Transgender Action Plan].

==List of kinds of agender identities== 


It can be difficult to describe and name a gender identity that involves a lack of inner gender identity. In order to do so, some people see the need to make new names for that gender identity, or to distinguish between different but similar genderless identities. A list of these names, in alphabetical order:


'''anongender.''' "A gender that is unknown to you and others".{{citation needed}}


'''apogender.''' Coined by queerspike. "Greek prefix apo, meaning away from, separate, at the farthest point; a subset of agender in which you feel not only genderless but entirely removed from the concept of gender."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95723127519/genders-coined-by-queerspike|title=genders coined by queerspike|date=25 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122171707/https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95723127519/genders-coined-by-queerspike|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>


'''agenderfluid.''' Coined by pleurocarpus. Basically agender, but also [[genderfluid]]. Synonym cancegender.{{citation needed}}


'''[[list of uncommon nonbinary identities#agenderflux|agenderflux]].''' Coined by perfectlybrokenbones. "Where you identify as agender but have fluctuations where you feel feminine or masculine but not male or female. ".{{citation needed}}

'''[[agenderfluix]].''' A cross between agenderfluid and agenderflux; "a gender identity that is predominantly agender, but is fluid in nature and fluctuates in intensity over time." May also be called gxnderfluix, agxnderfluix, afluidflux, or flxidflux.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://gender.wikia.org/wiki/Agenderfluix| work=Gender Wiki |title=Agenderfluix|access-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920141003/https://gender.wikia.org/wiki/Agenderfluix|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>


'''cancegender.''' coined by prideful-concerto. "An individual is agender as their “base” gender but experiences fluid/fluxing gender feelings in tandem with their emotions. These gender feelings may confuse or upset the individual and cause their emotional state to go haywire, which causes more gender changes."{{citation needed}} Synonym agenderfluid.

'''genderabyss.''' When the person tries to picture their gender all they see is a deep abyss of darkness.

'''genderblank.''' As described by Damloz: Having no gender.{{citation needed}} Also, as described by anonymous: "a gender so indescribable that the only thought one gets when trying to describe it is a blank space"{{citation needed}}


'''[[list of uncommon nonbinary identities#gender-free|genderfree]].''' As described by polyamaesthetic, "someone whose gender is not present; someone who feels their gender is insignificant or irrelevant; someone whose gender is kind of ambiguous, but definitely queer; someone whose gender feels blurry, cloudy, whimsical, and free"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://polyamaesthetic.tumblr.com/post/183876471860/genderfree-flowers-genderfree-someone-whose|title=genderfree + flowers|website=Tumblr|date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102190959/https://polyamaesthetic.tumblr.com/post/183876471860/genderfree-flowers-genderfree-someone-whose|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Caution: sometimes used by [[Cissexism#Transgender-exclusionary_feminists|trangender-exclusionary feminists]] to identify themself as someone who rejects the concept of [[gender identity]].<ref name="medi_CanY">{{Cite web |title=Can You Actually Be #Genderfree? |last=Williams |first=Rachel Anne |work=Medium |date=25 April 2019 |access-date=4 April 2020 |url= https://medium.com/@transphilosophr/can-you-actually-be-genderfree-b38fe95a0cd7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107230018/https://medium.com/@transphilosophr/can-you-actually-be-genderfree-b38fe95a0cd7 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://terflies.tumblr.com/post/184414453101/heads-upgenderfree-is-the-new-gender-critical|title=Queerios on Tumblr|website=Tumblr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805011726/https://terflies.tumblr.com/post/184414453101/heads-upgenderfree-is-the-new-gender-critical|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>


'''gendernull.''' As described by Baaphomett, "A gender like gendervoid but without the void."{{citation needed}}


'''gendervoid.''' As described by Baaphomett, "A gender consisting of the void (also/originally used to mean the same thing as genderless)."<ref name="Masterpost">{{cite web|title=masterpost of genders coined by baaphomett|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719014900/https://www.tumblr.com/login_required/mogai-archive|author=mogai-archive|url=http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett|archive-date=19 July 2023|access-date=22 February 2017|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>


'''librafluid.''' Coined by otterlyradical and pride-flags-for-us. "Mostly agender, but has a strong connection that fluctuates between masculinity, femininity and/or androgyny."{{citation needed}} See also [[libragender]].


'''[[list of uncommon nonbinary identities#null gender|null gender]].''' Coined by dieselwolfe. "Undefinable, intangible, the uncreation of gender. Its taking everything everyone throws at you, saying male, female, pick one, pick this, pick that, and taking it in, only to expel it, poisonous crystals erupting from your skin, armor against those who don’t listen. A 'I don’t want a label because labels don’t fit but they help shut people up sometimes, so here have a label' gender label. A fall-back plan, a red herring to give people who can’t conceptualize the absence, void, nullification of gender. It is, and is not. All and none. Nonexistant but present."{{citation needed}}


'''oneirogender.''' Coined by anonymous. "Being agender, but having recurring fantasies or dreams of being a certain gender without the actual dysphoria or desire to actually be that gender day-to-day. e.g. oneiroboy, oneirogirl, oneirononbinary, etc."{{citation needed}}

'''polyagender.''' Someone who experiences multiple types of agender-spectrum identities; for example they could be a combination of agender, null gender, and gendervoid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deviantart.com/silencethefox/art/Polyagender-Stamp-736330258|title=Polyagender stamp by SilenceTheFox|website=DeviantArt|date=20 March 2018|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121230011/https://www.deviantart.com/silencethefox/art/Polyagender-Stamp-736330258|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nonbinaryresource.tumblr.com/post/154766502356/confused-agender-anon-from-a-while-ago-i-have|title=nonbinary resource|website=Tumblr|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125192327/https://nonbinaryresource.tumblr.com/post/154766502356/confused-agender-anon-from-a-while-ago-i-have|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:Angel Haze live at Øyafestivalen 2013.jpg|thumb|200px|<translate> Angel Haze live at Øyafestivalen 2013.</translate>]]
[[File:Andrej.jpg|thumb|200px|<translate> [[Andre J.]] at Dick's Bar in the East Village, March 2007</translate>]]
[[File:Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Becoming Interplanetary.jpg|thumb|200px|<translate> [[Chanda Prescod-Weinstein]] at Becoming Interplanetary talk at the Library of Congress, 2018</translate>]]

<translate>
''See main article: [[Notable nonbinary people]]''


There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the words "agender," "genderblank," "genderfree," "genderless," "gendervoid," "non-gendered," or "null gender" for themselves.


* Actor [[Ellie Desautels]] describes themself as [[nonbinary]], [[transmasculine]]<ref name="Barasch">{{Cite web |title=Rise’s Ellie Desautels Talks Playing a Transgender Teen on Network TV |last=Barasch |first=Alex |work=Slate Magazine |date=12 March 2018 |access-date=9 April 2020 |url= https://slate.com/culture/2018/03/an-interview-with-trans-actor-ellie-desautels-star-of-nbcs-rise.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601192125/https://slate.com/culture/2018/03/an-interview-with-trans-actor-ellie-desautels-star-of-nbcs-rise.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>, [[genderqueer]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/ohyouknowellie/|title=Ellie Desautels profile|website=Instagram|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512085239/https://www.instagram.com/ohyouknowellie/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>, and [[agenderflux]].<ref name="dundore">{{Cite web |title=Ellie & Wren |author=Brent Dundore |work=They Them Project |date=17 August 2018 |access-date=9 April 2020 |url= https://dundorephoto.com/ellie-wren/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612015330/https://dundorephoto.com/ellie-wren/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Christie Elan-Cane]] is a non-gendered activist based in the UK, "fighting for legal and social recognition outside the societal gender system".<ref name="LJprofile">{{cite web|url=http://elancane.livejournal.com/profile|title=elancane - Profile|website=LiveJournal|access-date=24 March 2022|quote= My core identity is neither male nor female |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522015923/https://elancane.livejournal.com/profile|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Tyler Ford]] (b. 1990) is an American writer and public speaker of mixed black and white Jewish ethnicity. Ford appeared as the first transgender contestant on ''The Glee Project'' in 2012. They are agender.<ref name="Childress">{{Cite web |title=“I Like to Exist as a Person”: What It Means to Live Beyond Gender |last=Childress |first=Sarah |work=FRONTLINE |date=30 June 2015 |access-date=28 April 2020 |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/i-like-to-exist-as-a-person-what-it-means-to-live-beyond-gender/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521053235/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/i-like-to-exist-as-a-person-what-it-means-to-live-beyond-gender/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Public Universal Friend]] (1752 - 1819), an evangelist who preached against slavery in the early United States. The Friend was genderless and asked to be called by [[English neutral pronouns#No pronouns|no pronouns at all]].<ref name="Lamphier-Welch-331">{{cite book |last1=Lamphier |first1=Peg A. |last2=Welch |first2=Rosanne |date=2017 |title=Women in American History |page=331}}</ref><ref name="Brekus-85">{{cite book |last1=Brekus |first1=Catherine A. |date=2000 |title=Strangers and Pilgrims: Female Preaching in America, 1740-1845 |page=85}}</ref><ref name="Juster-MacFarlane-27-28 Brekus-85 etc">{{cite book |last1=Juster |first1=Susan |last2=MacFarlane |first2=Lisa |date=2018 |title=A Mighty Baptism |page=27-28}}</ref>
* [[Angel Haze|Raeen Roes (Angel Haze)]] (b. 1991), a well known agender rapper. They have been nominated for awards with MTV, O Music Awards, BET Awards, and GLAAD Music Awards. They announced on Twitter that they were agender.{{citation needed}}
* [[Andre J.]] (b. 1979) is an American party promoter who is a presence in the New York City fashion scene. They have been featured in photo spreads in French Vogue and V magazine. They are genderless<ref name="alphakitty">{{Cite web |title=Andre J is glam, genderless &....an Alpha Kitty |author=AlphaKitty |work=YouTube |date=29 November 2007 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpSU9p8czg8|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704175411/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpSU9p8czg8 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218202334/http://thebeautybean.com/site/real-beauty/andre-j-on-real-beauty/|archive-date=February 18, 2011|last=Wolfer|first=Alexis|title=Andre J. : On Real Beauty|url=http://thebeautybean.com/site/real-beauty/andre-j-on-real-beauty/}}</ref> and agender.<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/andrejworldwide/ Instagram bio], retrieved 17 May 2020</ref>
* [[Amita Kuttner]], PhD., is an astrophysicist who is in the race for leader of Canada's Green Party.<ref name="Parsons">{{Cite web |title=This astrophysicist could become the first non-binary person to lead a major political party in Canada |last=Parsons |first=Vic |work=PinkNews |date=10 March 2020 |access-date=18 May 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/03/10/amita-kuttner-green-party-non-binary-astrophysicist-leadership-race-canada/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819170327/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/03/10/amita-kuttner-green-party-non-binary-astrophysicist-leadership-race-canada/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>. They call themself nonbinary, genderfluid, and agender.<ref name="Identity">{{Cite web |title=Identity in Politics|author=Kuttner, Amita |work=amitakuttner.ca |date=2019 |access-date=18 May 2020 |url= https://amitakuttner.ca/news/identity-in-politics/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926002548/https://amitakuttner.ca/news/identity-in-politics/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Juno Mitchell]] is an American model. They walked alongside [[Miley Cyrus]] in the 2020 Marc Jacobs New York Fashion Week show.<ref name="Lankston">{{Cite web |title=EXCLUSIVE: Genderless trans model who strutted the Marc Jacobs runway with Miley Cyrus opens up about their 'refreshing' heart-to-heart with the singer - while urging the industry to be more accepting of non-binary people |last=Lankston |first=Charlie |work=Daily Mail |date=2 March 2020 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-8046939/Genderless-Marc-Jacobs-model-opens-doing-runway-Miley-Cyrus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520183527/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-8046939/Genderless-Marc-Jacobs-model-opens-doing-runway-Miley-Cyrus.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Their Instagram profile says they are agender.<ref name="igbio">{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/juno_mitchell/|title=Juno Mitchell profile|website=Instagram|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130235822/https://www.instagram.com/juno_mitchell/|archive-date=30 November 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name="jinkxmonsoon">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/jinkx.monsoon/posts/818079764894630|title=Jinkx Monsoon on Facebook|website=Facebook|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404014749/https://www.facebook.com/jinkx.monsoon/posts/818079764894630|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Chanda Prescod-Weinstein]] (b. 1982) is a cosmologist and science writer based at the University of New Hampshire. She was a founding member of the American Astronomical Society's [https://aas.org/comms/sgma Committee for Sexual Orientation and Gender Minorities in Astronomy]. In an interview, she described herself as a femme agender cis-sex woman.<ref name="McNeill">{{Cite web |title=Bonus: Talking Feminist Astrophysics with Chanda Prescod-Weinstein — Lady Science |author=McNeill, Leila |work=Lady Science |date=9 May 2019 |access-date=17 May 2020 |url= https://www.ladyscience.com/podcast/talking-feminist-astrophysics-chanda-prescod-weinstein|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606180009/https://www.ladyscience.com/podcast/talking-feminist-astrophysics-chanda-prescod-weinstein |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[DeAnne Smith]] is an award-winning Canadian-American comedian, writer and columnist. Smith is agender and [[transmasculine]].<ref name="smith2017">{{Cite web |title=DeAnne Smith - Comedy Up Late 2017 (S5, E2) |author=TheMelbComedyFest |work=YouTube |date=14 May 2017 |access-date=1 June 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1iWAqNoSEw|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524024955/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1iWAqNoSEw |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
* [[Bogi Takács]] is a Jewish poet, writer, psycholinguist, editor, and translator who has written Torah-inspired work. They won the Lambda Literary Award for Best Transgender Fiction. Their Twitter bio says they are agender.<ref name="BT-tweet">{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/bogiperson|title=@bogiperson profile|website=Twitter|access-date=24 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510111247/http://www.twitter.com/bogiperson|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[Eris Young]] is a multi-genre writer known for their debut book ''They/Them/Their: A Guide to Nonbinary & Genderqueer Identities'', published in fall 2019.<ref name="ampersand">{{Cite web |title=On Writing and Growing: A Q&A with Eris Young |author= |work=The Ampersand Project |date= |access-date=26 June 2020 |url= https://theampersandproject.com/qa-eris-young/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125232720/https://theampersandproject.com/qa-eris-young/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="Inglis">{{Cite web |title=Eris Young on They/Them/Their: 'It's like a primer guide to being a non-binary person' |last=Inglis |first=Becca |work=The List |date=10 September 2019 |access-date=26 June 2020 |url= https://www.list.co.uk/article/111416-eris-young-on-they-them-their-its-like-a-primer-guide-to-being-a-non-binary-person/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230314/https://www.list.co.uk/article/111416-eris-young-on-they-them-their-its-like-a-primer-guide-to-being-a-non-binary-person/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> They are agender and genderqueer.<ref>{{cite tweet|title=I identify sometimes or partly as agender but also partly or sometimes as genderqueer!|user= Young_E_H|number =1226903204291600388|date=10 February 2020}}</ref>
* Jesse "Plumbella" McNamara, a youtuber and twitch streamer known as one of the main heads of the Sims community, came out as agender (along with being asexual and heteroromantic) in a livestream on March 29th, 2021 and in various tweets. {{citation needed}}
* Artist Dane Pop Frippery identifies as Agender as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://danepopfrippery.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-05-31 |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529145921/https://danepopfrippery.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She uses she/her for pronouns.


{{Clear}}

== Agender characters in fiction == 


''See main article: [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Nonbinary gender in fiction]]''


There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the words "agender," "genderblank," "genderfree," "genderless," "gendervoid," "non-gendered," "null gender," or not having a gender, either in their canon, or by their creators.


* “Ashiok” from the popular card game Magic: The Gathering is explicitly referred to as being nongendered. Though some depictions of the character include “he” as a pronoun, a lead designer from the company that makes the game has insisted on numerous occasions that the character is explicitly nongendered.<ref name=dougbeyertaggedashiok>{{cite web |url=http://dougbeyermtg.tumblr.com/tagged/ashiok |title=A Voice for Vorthos – Posts tagged with “Ashiok” |website=Doug Beyer’s Blog – A Voice for Vorthos |access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111233530/https://dougbeyermtg.tumblr.com/tagged/ashiok |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Even going so far as to write stories which avoid referring to Ashiok using gendered pronouns at all.<ref name=dougbeyerashiokstories>{{cite web |url=http://dougbeyermtg.tumblr.com/post/85018556969/ok-so-when-are-we-going-to-learn-more-about-the |title=A Voice for Vorthos – Ok so when are we going to learn more about the specifics about Ashiok? Ashiok is not in the first novel at all and nothing is depicted in the cards. |website=Doug Beyer’s Blog – A Voice for Vorthos |access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902202741/http://dougbeyermtg.tumblr.com/post/85018556969/ok-so-when-are-we-going-to-learn-more-about-the |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}
</ref> Ashiok's card can be found [http://gatherer.wizards.com/Pages/Card/Details.aspx?multiverseid=373500 here.]
* Roswell, in the podcast ''The Adventure Zone'', is an Earth Elemental made of living clay in a suit of armor, who talks via a small bird. Roswell is agender and uses they/them pronouns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theadventurezone.wikia.com/wiki/Roswell|website=The Adventure Zone Wiki|title=Roswell|access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202457/http://theadventurezone.wikia.com/wiki/Roswell|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
*''[http://chaoslife.findchaos.com Chaos Life] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230703191223/https://chaoslife.findchaos.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023'' by A. Stiffler and K. Copeland - A light-hearted, semi-autobiographical webcomic about the everyday idiosyncrasies of an agender person, their female partner, and their cats.
*''[http://tapastic.com/series/6ses 6ses] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201029193422/http://tapastic.com/series/6ses Archived] on 17 July 2023'' by Kagome is a comic that features an agender protagonist.
* *''[http://tapastic.com/series/Eri Eri the Cyborg] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031141625/http://tapastic.com/series/Eri Archived] on 17 July 2023''{{dead link}} by Ren is a comic that features an agender protagonist.
* Biaggio, in the movie "The Kings of Summer," asserts that they don't see themself as "having a gender."
* In the video game ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nights_into_Dreams... NiGHTS into Dreams] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530112453/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nights_into_Dreams... Archived] on 17 July 2023'' the character "NiGHTS is neutral, and therefore has no gender. The impressions of the character with regards to gender are totally up to the player" according to Takashi Iizuka, the lead designer of the game.<ref>{{cite web |last= Taylor |first= Mike |date= 5 December 2007 |title= Interview: Takashi Iizuka Talks NiGHTS |website= Nintendo Life |url= http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2007/12/interview_takashi_iizuka_talks_nights |access-date= 24 March 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230606075440/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2007/12/interview_takashi_iizuka_talks_nights |archive-date= 17 July 2023 }}</ref>
*''Bone Dance'' by Emma Bull. Character: the protagonist, Sparrow, is canonically described as "sexless" and "genderless." The exact details of their identity [https://web.archive.org/web/20160701082646/http://practicalandrogyny.com/raq/bonedanc.shtml are a matter of debate (spoilers)].
*The entire race of [https://marvelcinematicuniverse.fandom.com/wiki/Chronicoms Chronicoms] from Marvel's ''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.'' are vehemently agender, though they are a race of extraterrestrial androids. They use gendered pronouns based on their current form.
*The vessels from Hollow Knight. The vessels are part void, and may thus be gendervoid. Their sibling Hornet is known as “the gendered child”.
* In the indie romance visual novel ''My Cup of Coffee: Earl Grey Forever After'', the protagonist can be male, female, or "[[gender free]]". The player can make all other characters genderfree as well, which results in the game using [[gender neutral language]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#Ne_.28nem.29|ne/nem/nir]] pronouns, and the [[Mx]] title.
* In the ''Roblox'' game ''Phighting!'', all characters are [https://x.com/Soda_Stuff/status/1695214286883168664 confirmed to be agender.]

== Research ==
The informal [[Gender Census]] survey, which asks respondents "How do you describe your gender?" (among other questions), has included a checkbox option for "agender" since its first year (2013).<ref>https://gendercensus.com/results/2013-worldwide/</ref> Of around 2,000 respondents in 2013, 22% selected the "agender" checkbox.<ref>https://www.gendercensus.com/results/2013-worldwide/</ref> In 2024, 11,254 respondents (23.1%) selected this checkbox.<ref>Gender Census 2024 Unprocessed Results.https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1EJXhTOLDdgsv8hQcBc9gStKV-BrInUdF8ZtuObp9x38/edit?gid=779426998#gid=779426998</ref>

A 2019 study investigated the types of microaggressions that agender and gender non-conforming people experience in romantic relationships, drawing upon responses from 200 self-identified gender non-conforming people and 190 agender people.<ref>Pulice-Farrow, L., McNary, S. B., & Galupo, M. P. (2019). ''“Bigender is just a Tumblr thing”: microaggressions in the romantic relationships of gender non-conforming and agender transgender individuals. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 1–20.'' doi:10.1080/14681994.2018.1533245</ref> The survey gave respondents only four options (transmasculine, transfeminine, gender non-conforming, agender) and the demographic information included alongside quotes reveals that participants often described themselves with different words when give a chance (including [[genderqueer]], [[Nonbinary|non-binary]], and [[maverique]]), making it difficult to tell how many people who selected the agender category described themselves as agender outside the constraints of the survey. Therefore, it may be more accurate to frame the study as about microaggressions experienced by people who identify with a range of non-binary identities, including some agender people.

A chapter of the 2022 ''Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption'' examined how agender people develop and express agender identity on the Internet, arguing Internet spaces enable greater self-expression than offline spaces.<ref>Ketola, M., Selander, S., & Ruvio, A. (2022). "Identity expressions of agender individuals in a digital world". In Llamas, R., & Belk, R. (Eds.),The Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption (2nd ed.). Routledge. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003317524</nowiki></ref>

== See also == 

</translate><br />{{Pride flags|category=Agender pride flags|image=Agender}}
<translate>

*[[Gender Neutral]]
*[[Neutrois]]
*[[List of nonbinary identities]]
*[[Nonbinary celebrities]]

===External links=== 


*[http://neutrois.tumblr.com/post/8229655572/hi-there-maddox-im-writing-up-a-post-about-the Neutrois Nonsense: On the difference between agender, genderless and neutrois]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190831184352/http://jmcottle.com/by-the-end-of-this-post-gender-may-not-look-like-a-real-word-anymore/ A Fine Line: J.M. Cottle talks about Genderless identity]
*[http://chroanagram.zxq.net/blog/?p=218 Chroanagram: Gender neutral=Genderless?]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111014042115/http://genderqueerid.com/gq-terms Genderqueer Identities: Genderqueer identities and terms list]
*[http://nonbinary.tumblr.com/post/12685362184/when-activists-dont-represent-christie-elan-cane-and Nonbinary Tumblr: When activists don't represent, Christie Elan-Cane and Gender Identity]
*[http://hellyeahagender.tumblr.com/ Hell Yeah, Agender!] (blog)
*[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Agender Agender on Gender Wiki]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

==References== 
</translate>
<references />

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

[[de:Agender]]

Non-gender identifying

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InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

'''Non-gender-identifying''' is not a [[gender identity]], it is a way to describe a stance against identifying as or with gender identities completely. It is different from [[agender]], [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Genderless genderless], [[neutrois]], [[gender neutral]], [[List of uncommon nonbinary identities|cassgender]], [https://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Gender_Apathetic gender apathy]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} etc. as these can either still be used as gender identities or implying that one has a gender identity in some capacity. Non-gender-identifying can be used instead of "[[nonbinary]]" to better describe people who don't want to be defined by gender at all, but also feel like nonbinary is too much of an identity in itself. While being a non-gender-identifying person does mean that one goes against the norm of identifying, defining and referring to oneself through one's gender, it does not necessarily mean that one is "queer" as in part of the "LGBTQIA+-community" simplu because of this stance.

As a non-gender-identifying person, one can still describe oneself as [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Dyadic endosex], [[intersex]], [[female]], [[male]], [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Cissex cissex]/[[cissexual]], [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Transsex transsex]/[[transsexual]], [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Ipsosex ipsosex] or [https://lgbtqia.wiki/wiki/Ultersex ultersex] to convey information about one's body's characteristics or psychological sex congruence/incongruence if one deems it to be necessary or relevant.

Someone who is non-gender-identifying does not identify with any identities like; [[woman]]/girl, [[man]]/guy/boy, [[nonbinary]], [[third gender]], [[cisgender]], [[transgender]] etc. or anything regarding sociocultural or sociopsychological gender identities. One might opt for certain types of gendered language for oneself if one think it's convenient, or one might try to use [[gender neutral language]] for oneself as much as possible, and only disclosing some information in gendered ways if it feels applicable.

Being non-gender-identifying does not say anything about one's physical presentation or expression, as having the stance of not having a gender identity makes what is labeled as "men's", "women's" or "non-binary/unisex/other" irrelevant. One can have, wear and like whatever one wants, even if it's generally leaning more towards a certain traditional gender presentation or modality, and it still doesn't change one's stance as a non-gender-identifying person. One can just be aware of what things are gendered and not let that restrict of define oneself.

Non-gender-identifying does not have a flag or a symbol as it is a rejection of identity.

Neutrois

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InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{infobox identity
| flag = neutrois.png
| meaning = White is for neutral, unidentified, or questioning gender. Dark chartreuse green (the inverse of lavender, the mix of pink and blue) is for nonbinary gender that isn't female or male. Black is for agender or genderless.
| related = [[Gender neutral]] and [[Transneutral]]
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 0.5%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Neutrois
}}
{{Personal story
| quote = I'm okay with nobody knowing that I might also be neutrois and not just male. And I'm okay with being not sure about this.
| name = Nathan
| age = 21
| identity = male
}}
'''Neutrois''' is a gender-neutral identity under the [[nonbinary]] and [[transgender]] umbrellas. Some people consider neutrois to be inherently tied to [[gender dysphoria]] and a desire to make a physical [[transition]] to a [[gender neutral]] presentation—but as a result of the diversity of people who identify as neutrois, some of them say they don't have one or more of those traits, and are no less neutrois for it.<ref name="Outpost-WhatareNeutrois">{{cite web|editors=Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel|title=What are neutrois?|work=Neutrois Outpost|date=11 November 2000|archive-date=2 March 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010302160052/http://www.neutrois.com/defin.htm|url=http://www.neutrois.com/defin.htm|access-date=28 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> A person of any [[ethnicity and culture|cultural or ethnic background]] can call [[singular they|themself]] neutrois, and a neutrois person may use any [[pronouns]] they like.

==Etymology==

The word "neutrois" was created by a neutrois person named H. A. Burnham in 1995.<ref name="Outpost-FAQ">{{cite web|editors=Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel|title=Frequently Asked Questions|work=Neutrois Outpost|date=23 November 2000|url=http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm|archive-date=7 March 2001|access-date=24 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The word "neutrois" is presumably made from French ''neutre'', meaning "neutral," and French ''trois,'' "three," as in [[third gender]]. Because French ''trois'' has sounds that are difficult to Anglicize, some pronunciations of neutrois in use are new-TWA,<ref name="Conlan">{{Cite web |title=Red: "Non-Binary" Person Rejects Male/Female Gender Duality |last=Conlan |first=Mark Gabrish |work=Indybay |date=17 July 2011 |access-date=7 May 2020 |url= https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/07/17/18685039.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930065915/https://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2011/07/17/18685039.php |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> new-TRAW, new-TROY, new-TROYS, new-TROSS, new-TROZ, or new-TROYZ.<ref name="Cottle">{{Cite web |title=Hallelujah, it’s raining labels |author=Cottle, J.M. |work=jmcottle.com |date=16 July 2011 |access-date=7 May 2020 |url= https://jmcottle.com/hallelujah-its-raining-labels/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101535/https://jmcottle.com/hallelujah-its-raining-labels/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==History==

In 1995, the word "neutrois" was created by a neutrois person named H. A. Burnham, who described it in public posts to Internet newsgroups for transgender people.<ref name="Outpost-FAQ" />

The 2013 text ''Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide'' mentioned neutrois as one of many valid nonbinary identities.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9781446293133|title=Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide|last1=Richards|first1=Christina|last2=Barker|first2=Meg|year=2013|publisher=SAGE Publications}}</ref>

In 2014, neutrois was one of 50 genders made available on the social networking site Facebook.<ref name = "Telegraph" >[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10637968/Facebook-sex-changes-which-one-of-50-genders-are-you.html Facebook sex changes: which one of 50 genders are you?]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. February 14, 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507161041/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10637968/Facebook-sex-changes-which-one-of-50-genders-are-you.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In 2018, Washington state began to allow "X" gender markers on official documents<ref name="Jackman">{{Cite web |title=Washington to recognise third gender in groundbreaking move |last=Jackman |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=5 January 2018 |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/01/05/washington-to-recognise-third-gender-in-groundbreaking-move/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084016/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/01/05/washington-to-recognise-third-gender-in-groundbreaking-move/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>, with the law stating that {{quote|"X" means a gender that is not exclusively male or female, including, but not limited to, [[intersex]], [[agender]], [[amalgagender]], [[androgynous]], [[bigender]], [[demigender]], female-to-male, [[genderfluid]], [[genderqueer]], male-to-female, [[neutrois]], [[nonbinary]], [[pangender]], [[third gender|third sex]], [[transgender]], [[transsexual]], [[Two Spirit]], and unspecified.<ref name="washington">{{Cite web |title=WAC 246-490-075: Changing sex designation on a birth certificate. |author= |work=Washington State Legislature |date= |access-date=14 May 2020 |url= https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325195929/https://app.leg.wa.gov/WAC/default.aspx?cite=246-490-075|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}}

==Transition==

In 2000, the site ''Neutrois Outpost'' defined neutrois as a nonbinary identity that requires physical transition: "A Neutrois is someone who identifies as being non-gendered and seeks to lose the major physical signifiers that indicate gender to others (breasts, facial and body hair, crotch bulges, etc). Neutrois are not androgynes, but do pursue an androgynous appearance. They are uniquely bound by their gender dysphoria in that they find both male and female orientations wrong. Because of this, transitioning from an assigned gender, to either male, or female identities is not an acceptable solution. [...] Neutrois are trying to lose gender traits, not gain new ones."<ref name="Outpost-WhatareNeutrois" />

Similarly, Micah of ''Neutrois Nonsense'' defines neutrois as an identity that moves away from familiar gender markers: "Transition is a process of subtraction: a neutrois wishes to get rid of any and all gendered characteristics so as to achieve as neutral a body as possible. Physical transition may consist primarily in the removal of primary and/or secondary sex characteristics, such as genitals or breasts and body hair. Because the concept and identity of neutrois is relatively new, not all neutrois have undergone surgery, or even seriously want to undergo surgery or physical transition yet."<ref name="define">{{cite web|author=Micah|title=Define |url=https://genderqueer.me/neutrois/ |work=Genderqueer.me|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426184420/https://genderqueer.me/neutrois/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

Neutrois people can have had any gender assigned at birth. As such, some neutrois transition in a direction that is female-to-neutrois (FTN), and others are male-to-neutrois (MTN).<ref name="Outpost-WhatareNeutrois" /> A self-described FTN neutrois person can be seen using these terms in a newsgroup post in 1997, while talking about their gender dysphoria and their physical transition plans.<ref>Auden, "Comments on the group." January 17, 1997. soc.support.transgendered (newsgroup). [https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.support.transgendered/swaXjZvCHt0/glmUrjGYIqMJ https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.support.transgendered/swaXjZvCHt0/glmUrjGYIqMJ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211108012511/https://groups.google.com/d/msg/soc.support.transgendered/swaXjZvCHt0/glmUrjGYIqMJ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

==Other uses of neutrois==

Some people who have adopted it, or defined it, have given it additional definitions that are different than, or at odds with, its original and main use.

According to Neutrois.com, there are currently two main definitions of neutrois: 1. Neutrois people use the word to mean that they have a gender identity that is neither male nor female, but neutral.<ref name="neutrois.com-WhatIs">{{Cite web |title=What is Neutrois? |author= |work=Neutrois.com |date= |access-date=12 May 2021 |url= http://neutrois.com/what-is-neutrois/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527212811/https://www.neutrois.com/what-is-neutrois|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> 2. Other neutrois people use the word to mean that they have no internal sense of [[gender identity]]. In this latter definition, it's a synonym for agender or genderless.<ref name="neutrois.com-WhatIs" />

Some consider neutrois to be a form of [[Transsexual|transsexuality]]. Some neutrois people feel [[gender dysphoria]], and some don't. Some neutrois people seek to physically [[transition]] to an ambiguous, androgynous, or neutral [[gender expression]], whereas some don't seek this.<ref name="neutrois.com-WhatIs" /><ref name="define" />

Some use the word neutrois as a synonym of [[Agender|agender or genderless]], whereas others say these words mean completely different things, and are not interchangeable words.<ref name="neutrois.com-WhatIs" /> For more information on this dispute, see [[Agender#Difference between genderless and neutrois|Difference between genderless and neutrois]].

==Similar genders==

According to ''Neutrois Outpost'', neutrois isn't another word for [[androgyne]], and the difference between neutrois people and androgynes is gender dysphoria: "While Neutrois seek an androgynous appearance, androgynes aren't Neutrois because being Neutrois involves [[gender dysphoria]]. Androgynes don't necessarily have any difficulties with their gender identities."<ref name="Outpost-FAQ" /> The origin of the word [[androgyne]] means "male-female," such as a person who is a mix of male and female. For this reason, some neutrois people don't want to also be called androgynes, because their gender identity is an ''absence'' of male and female, not a mix of ''both'' male and female. ''Neutrois Nonsense'' says, "Neutrois is not androgyne, it's quite the opposite. Androgyny is a combination of female and male characteristics, while neutrois is an elimination of them."<ref name="define" />

While these are only some definitions for androgyne, which itself has many meanings that are not agreed upon, this still highlights that people adopt the word "neutrois" for themselves because they feel the word "androgyne" has meanings that don't suit them.

Depending on which definition a person uses for neutrois, some other gender identity labels have a similar meaning. If one defines neutrois as having a gender identity that is not female or male, it can mean much the same as [[aporagender]] or [[maverique]]. However, these have their own nuances of meaning.

== Symbols ==

These are some symbols that have been used or proposed for neutrois.

<gallery>
File:Gender-Symbol Neutrois Alternative dark transparent Background.png|A neutrois or [[neuter]] [[gender symbols|gender symbol]], Unicode U+26B2 ⚲
File:Neutrois Outpost symbol.jpg|Neutrois gender symbol. The circles represent a null gender, a variation on Venus and Mars symbols. The additional lavender triangle is for pride in [[LGBT]] identity.<ref name="Outpost-FAQ" />
File:Neutrois_null_symbol.png‎|A neutrois symbol. Can be seen as a variation on the Venus and Mars symbols that omits the prongs of either. Null or empty set symbol, unicode U+2205 ∅
File:Gender-Symbol Neutrois dark transparent Background.png|A neutrois or neuter symbol. Based on Venus and Mars symbols, without prongs. Unicode U+26AA ⚪
</gallery>

== Notable neutrois people ==

''See main article: [[Notable nonbinary people]]''

There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "neutrois" for themselves.

''Please help expand this section.''

== Neutrois characters in fiction ==

''See main article: [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Nonbinary gender in fiction]]''

There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "neutrois," either in their canon, or by their creators.

* The protagonist of the comic [https://beesbuzz.biz/comics/unity Unity] by fluffy is called "neutrois" in the canon.
* In a short sci-fi story by Benjanun Sriduangkaew, "[http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/sriduangkaew_12_13/ Silent Bridge, Pale Cascade]" (2013), one of the characters is described as a "[[neutrois]]," and called by "they" pronouns.<ref name="MacFarlane">{{Cite web |title=Post-Binary Gender in SF: ExcitoTech and Non-Binary Pronouns |last=MacFarlane |first=Alex Dally |work=Tor.com |date=3 June 2014 |access-date=12 May 2021 |url= https://www.tor.com/2014/06/03/post-binary-gender-in-sf-excitotech-and-non-binary-pronouns/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128033515/https://www.tor.com/2014/06/03/post-binary-gender-in-sf-excitotech-and-non-binary-pronouns/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Sriduangkaew">{{Cite web |title=Silent Bridge, Pale Cascade |last=Sriduangkaew |first=Benjanun |work=Clarkesworld Magazine |date=December 2013 |access-date=12 May 2021 |url= http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/sriduangkaew_12_13/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519102505/http://clarkesworldmagazine.com/sriduangkaew_12_13/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==External links==
*[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Neutrois Gender Wiki's Neutrois article]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://neutrois.com/ Neutrois.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090818040039/http://neutrois.0catch.com/ Neutrois Outpost] (the original neutrois site, resurrected)
*[http://neutrois.me/ Neutrois Nonsense]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20210426055919/https://susans.org/wiki/Neutrois Susan's Place Transgender Resource Wiki: Neutrois]

==See also==
*[[Nonbinary]]
*[[Agender]]
*[[Gender Neutral]]
*[[Aporagender]]
*[[Maverique]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

[[de:neutrois]]

Juxera

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{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = juxera.png
| related = [[Woman]], [[Ethale]], and [[Nonpuella]]
| frequency = <0.1%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Juxera
}}
'''Juxera''' is defined as a gender similar to [[female]], but separate and entirely on its own. It is one gender, as opposed to [[Demigender|demigirl]], which is often used to describe a combination of genders (for example, [[agender]] and female, or partially female and partially another gender). Juxera individuals don't partially identify with other genders, as juxera is a gender in and of itself.<ref name="gender-resource">{{Cite web|url=https://gender-resource.tumblr.com/post/189770222828/proxvir-juxera-proxangi-juxtaneu-and-nixic|title=Proxvir, Juxera, Proxangi, Juxtaneu and Nixic Identities|website=Gender Resource|access-date=2020-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525005947/https://gender-resource.tumblr.com/post/189770222828/proxvir-juxera-proxangi-juxtaneu-and-nixic|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

Juxera is also a base gender within the [https://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Circa_Binary?so=search Circa Binary]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Because juxera is a whole gender, juxera individuals may also identify as [[third gender]]. Juxera is meant to be used as an adjective (ex. "I am Juxera", not "I am ''a'' Juxera").

In the 2020 Gender Census, 13 respondents (0.05%) were juxera.<ref name="GC2020">[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j7mwkZVtQYHxNlgS2J8onVCpVz-l1aJbBzG7msN5rxs/edit#gid=260963482 GC2020 Public Copy], 1 November 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184501/https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1j7mwkZVtQYHxNlgS2J8onVCpVz-l1aJbBzG7msN5rxs/edit Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

== Origin ==

The term and original flag was coined by Tumblr user wulfgendur,<ref name="wulfgendurcoin">{{Cite web|url=https://wulfgendur.tumblr.com/post/90527821124/hello-friends-here-are-some-new-gender-terms|title=hello friends, here are some new gender terms|website=incoherent barking (blog)|language=en|access-date=2020-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603024139/https://wulfgendur.tumblr.com/post/90527821124/hello-friends-here-are-some-new-gender-terms|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> also known as Ren (he/him, xe/xem), who also coined the term [[proxvir]], a "near-male" counterpart gender to juxera.<ref name="wulfgendurcoin" />

The term "juxera" was created from the Latin adverb for "near", ''juxta'', and the feminine Latin noun ''era''.<ref name="wulfgendurcoin" /><ref name="gender-resource"/>

{{Pride flags|category=Juxera pride flags|image=Juxera}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External Links ==
* [https://wulfgendur.tumblr.com/post/90527821124/hello-friends-here-are-some-new-gender-terms wulfgendur's original Tumblr post describing Proxvir]
* [https://wulfgendur.tumblr.com/post/91326634674/possible-juxera-and-proxvir-flags wulfgender's original flags for Proxvir and Juxera]
* [https://pride-color-schemes.tumblr.com/post/148276804475/juxera-and-proxvir Alternative Proxvir and Juxera flags]

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

Intergender

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{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = intergender.png
| related = [[Bigender]], [[Androgyne]], [[Ipsogender]], and [[Amalgagender]]
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 0.1%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Intergender
}}
This term has two separate and conflicting definitions<ref>https://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Intergender{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. The word "intergender" has been independently coined by different people at different times, and the meaning has been different.

# [[Intergender]] is a [[gender identity]] under the [[nonbinary]] and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Intergender people have a gender identity that is in the middle between the [[binary gender]]s of female and male, and may be a mix of both.
# [[Intergender]] refers to a [[gender identity]] that is influenced by or directly tied to a person's experience being [[intersex]].

Many people within the intersex community believe this word should only by used by people who are intersex, and that intergender is an identity only for intersex people.<ref name="Aeshling_Mogai">Aeshling. "Intergender." ''Mogai-Archive.'' 2014. http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/92026280519/intergender {{dead link}}</ref> However, the identity label had already been in use for at least sixteen years as something that was open to people of any birth sex.<ref name="Matthews_Intergendered">Donna Lynn Matthews, “What is intergendered?” 1998-10. http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/intergen.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607030918/http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/intergen.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Matthews_Genderqueer">Donna Lynn Matthews, “Being genderqueer – What it means for me.” 2006-10. http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/genderqueer.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230321220818/http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/genderqueer.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is not a unique situation, as many intersex exclusive terms are often co-opted by [[Dyadic|perisex]] (non-intersex) people. It is unclear whether the term originated among the intersex community due to a lack of surviving intersex history.

==History==

During the 1990s, usenet newsgroups were informal public discussion groups on the Internet that were oriented around topics of interest, such as hobbies, fandoms, and LGBT issues. Starting sometime before 1998, people who identified as intergender created a discussion group in the alt.support.intergendered newsgroup, which was created by an intergender and non-intersex person named Donna Lynn Matthews.<ref name="Matthews_Genderqueer"/> The [http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/asig_charter.html charter (last updated in 1998) for that newsgroup] explains its purpose, and what intergendered means:

<blockquote>
"The intent of this newsgroup is to provide a supportive, informative and friendly environment for intergendered individuals. Intergendered individuals do not gender themselves as 'men' or 'women', but somewhere inbetween, as a mix of both masculine and feminine qualities. Others gender themselves as neither 'men' nor 'women' ([[agender|agendered or non-gendered]]), thus placing themselves 'outside' of the gender 'spectrum' completely. Given this, intergendered individuals tend to present (to varying degrees) in a non-descript or ambiguous manner by means of androgyny, partial crossdressing [sic], genderbending, and part-time cross-gender living, to name a few. Intergendered should not be confused with intersexed, as the two are quite different. It is not the intent of this to be an intersexed support forum. This newsgroup is open to anyone (intersexed individuals included), provided that posted articles are on topic and of relevance to intergendered individuals."<ref name="newsgroup_charter">{{cite web |title=CHARTER: alt.support.intergendered |url=http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/asig_charter.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321220847/http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/asig_charter.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
</blockquote>

From the above description, at the time, "intergender" was posed as an umbrella term in the 1990s, similar to how "nonbinary" came to be widely known as an umbrella term in the 2010s. Intergender included a variety of gender identities (even genderlessness) and gender expressions that didn't fit into the binary. It was an identity label that any person can use, even if they are not [[intersex]].<ref name="Matthews_Intergendered" />

Some participants of that newsgroup used xe/hir/hirs as gender neutral pronouns.<ref>"GNP FAQ." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229202924/http:/aetherlumina.com/gnp/listing.html]</ref> There were enough people who identified as intergender that there was an intergender webring. A webring was something that any site with something in common with its theme could choose to join, so users could browse a list of sites on the same subject matter. Webrings were important for finding sites about any particular kind of content before the advent of large search engines like Google. This means that on the intergender webring, there was a list of personal websites by many different intergender people, similar to blogs.<ref>"Welcome to the Intergendered Webring." ''Donna's Hideout.'' c. 1998. http://donnas-hideout.org/igring.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20211027191151/http://donnas-hideout.org/igring.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In 1998, Matthews described intergender as "a gendered state ''between'' the polar endpoints of man and woman. […] I'm both and neither at the same time. […] As we do not gender ourselves along the either/or lines of the binary gender system, we often choose not to present along these lines. […] We are not really interested in ''passing'' as women or men. We want nothing more than to be able to simply be who we are without having choose between two extremes."<ref name="Matthews_Intergendered" />

In 2000, a non-intersex and intergender person named [http://cydathria.com/ms_donna//interdressing.html Deird Duncan coined the word "interdressing,"] meaning intergender [[gender expression]] in clothing, possibly without any intention to be seen as any particular gender.<ref>Deird Duncan, “Interdressing.” 2000-04-10. http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/interdressing.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20211029113308/http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/interdressing.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In March 2004, Livejournal user badoingdoing created an intergender-centric community, describing its intended audience on its profile<ref name=":0">https://www.livejournal.com/userinfo.bml/?user=intergender</ref>:<blockquote>This community is for people who:

feel uncomfortable with the way society treats gender in general

don't feel like they fit in "masculine" or "feminine" roles

want to express both "masculine" and "feminine" roles

have gender somewhere between or not described by "masculine" or "feminine"

want to discuss these things in an accepting environment.</blockquote>As of 2024, the community had 48 members; the last post was in July 2008.<ref name=":0" />

In a 2010 encyclopedia, intergender is listed as a type of "[[androgyne]]" gender: "Androgyne identities include [[pangender]], [[bigender]], [[ambigender]], nongendered, [[agender]], [[gender fluid]], or [[intergender]]."<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref>

In 2014, one intersex intergender person named Aeshling (Tumblr usernames quietlyloud-intersex, indonintersex) independently coined the word "intergender," with the rule that this word is for the use of intersex people only. Otherwise, the word's meaning is the same as it had been when it had been coined and used by non-intersex transgender people. Aeshling's definition of it is "A gender that is between and among male and female."<ref name="Aeshling_Mogai" /> Aeshling's post didn't show awareness that the word had already been in use for people of any birth sex for at least sixteen years.

Some non-intersex people interested in calling themselves "intergender" may choose to defer to intersex people by using a different label with a similar meaning instead, such as [[bigender]] or [[androgyne]], which are open to people of any birth sex. On the other hand, non-intersex people may be no less entitled to calling themselves intergender, because the label "intergender" was open to people of any birth sex for many years longer. There is also the matter that some nonbinary people who were born non-intersex describe their [[transition]] as the intention to make their body more intersex, and call themselves female-to-intersex or male-to-intersex [[transsexual]]s, which goes back to at least 1996.<ref name="Carter_Angels">{{cite web|first=Raphael|last=Carter|title=The Angel's Dictionary|date=14 July 1996|url=http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/angels.shtml|archive-date=8 March 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050308185631/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/angels.shtml|access-date=4 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Some intersex people have argued that it is appropriative for non-intersex people to say that they want to become intersex or intersex-like, given that intersex people face unique types of social oppression.
<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/139720-transitioning-to-intersex/ |title= Transitioning to... intersex? |website= AVEN Forum Archive |access-date= 19 May 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211029104959/https://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/139720-transitioning-to-intersex/ |archive-date= 17 July 2023 }}</ref> Either way, the old definition and Aeshling's definition agree that "intergender" means a gender identity between female and male, one which may be a mix of both.

==Gender expression==

Some intergender people see it as solely a matter of gender identity, and therefore require no particular kind of gender expression. They may even be satisfied with an appearance that fits within the gender binary, even though their gender identity does not. Other intergender people seek the aesthetic of [[androgyny]]. They may express their intergender identity through their personality or activities such as [[crossdressing]] or "interdressing" (see above), though this doesn't necessarily have the intention of being seen as any particular gender. Some intergender people have or wish to [[transition]] to a body that has traits 'in between' female and male, or which is more like an intersex body. There are dyadic people who call themselves female-to-intersex or male-to-intersex transsexuals.<ref name="Carter_Angels" />

== Notable intergender people ==

''See main article: [[Notable nonbinary people]]''

There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "intergender" for themselves.

''Please help expand this section.''

== Intergender characters in fiction ==

''See main article: [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Nonbinary gender in fiction]]''

There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "intergender," either in their canon, or by their creators.

''Please help expand this section.''

==See also==
{{Pride flags|category=Intersex and intergender pride flags|image=Intergender}}
*[[Androgyne]]
*[[Amalgagender]]
*[[Bigender]]
*[[InterNon]]
*[[Intersex]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

Cogender

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{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = Cogender-Cofluid flag concept.png
| related = [[Bigender]] and [[Multigender]]
| umbrella = [[Multigender]]
| frequency = 0%
}}
'''Cogender''', or '''co-gender''' (from Latin ''co'' ("with, together") + ''gender'') is a word that has been used with a few different meanings. It has been coined independently at different times. Cogender can mean:
* Cogender as a term for gender inclusion: Inclusion of people of different genders in a community, as opposed to a men-only or women-only community. This is the most common way this word is used. When used in print, it's usually in reference to a co-gender school (also called co-education)<ref>For example, "Single-gender classrooms are better for middle school students than co-gender classrooms." Katie Rogers, Julia A. Simms. <nowiki>''</nowiki>Teaching Argumentation: Activities and games for the classroom.<nowiki>''</nowiki> Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory, 2015. Unpaged.</ref> or to a co-gender [[LGBT]] activist group (as opposed to a lesbian-only activist group).<ref>For example, "Lesbians ... joined the new direct-action groups ... despite their overwhelmingly male membership. One of the bases for the new cogender identity was the commonality of concerns between lesbians and gay men and the power of cogender organizing. New theorizing about the movement began to assume the participation of both lesbians and gay men, and agendas no longer focused on the specific needs and concerns of lesbians alone." Moira Kenney, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Mapping Gay L.A.: The Intersection of Place and Politics.<nowiki>''</nowiki> Page 140. <nowiki>[https://books.google.com/books?id=jClBq04FbDoC&lpg=PA140&dq=%22cogender%22&pg=PA140#v=onepage&q=%22cogender%22&f=false]</nowiki></ref><ref>For example, "[Latino Gay Men of New York] was organized by Latino men who believed that cogender Latino queer organizations could not be sustained because of the differences between queer men and women." Andrés Torres and José Emiliano Velázquez. <nowiki>''</nowiki>The Puerto Rican Movement: Voices from the Diaspora.<nowiki>''</nowiki> Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998. Page 307.</ref>
* [[#use in anthropology|Cogender as an umbrella term in anthropology]]: a term that some anthropologists as a synonym for [[third gender]], that is to say, as an umbrella term for [[Gender-variant identities worldwide|gender variant and LGBT roles and identities in various cultures]].
* [[#Cogender as a gender identity|Cogender as a gender identity]]: a specific type of nonbinary identity.<ref>This disambiguation is derived from that on the Gender Wiki, retrieved March 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20230719084006/https://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Cogender</ref>

The latter two meanings are explored further below.

==In anthropology==

Some anthropologists use cogender as a synonym for third gender, that is to say, as an umbrella term for gender variant and LGBT roles and identities in various cultures. Some examples of how anthropologists have used the word "co-gender:"

* When anthropologists write about shamanic traditions among the indigenous Mapuche (Araucana) people of Chile, they use co-gender to talk about roles that the ''machi'' (shamans) take on during their spiritual practice. Historically, as well as today, machi can have had any gender assigned at birth, and their practice involves ritual cross-dressing in order to communicate with certain aspects of their Creator as needed. At different times, they dress to take on a wife role for a male aspect of that deity, or to take on a husband aspect for a female aspect of that deity. The machi becomes part of a male-female pair with the Creator.<ref>Ana Mariella Bacigalupo, ''Shamans of the Foye Tree.'' University of Texas Press. 2007.</ref> As concerning "co-gendered identities"<ref>Bacigalupo, 2007. pp. 131-133</ref> of "''machi'' as co-gender specialists",<ref>http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbacsha.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230624060703/https://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbacsha.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, the machi themselves have often been categorized as ''[[Two-Spirit]],'' meaning indigenous gender roles that don't correspond to Western ideas of the strictly cisgender, heterosexual [[gender binary]].
* Anthropologists writing about cosmologies in which everything is characterized as having female and male aspects have referred to this as a co-gendered cosmos. Based on the primordial male-female deity couple, "in highland Guatemala, husbands and wives are trained together as shamans by a shaman couple. [They are taught to] recognize both cosmic co-gendering and their own co-gendered nature [...] they learn how to properly balance the feminine and masculine dimensions both within their own bodies and the cosmos."<ref>Mariko Namba Walter and Eva Jane Neumann Fridman. ''Shamanism : an Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture.'' Santa Barbara, California. 2004. Page 134.</ref><ref>This summary is derived that on the Gender Wiki, retrieved March 23, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20230719084007/https://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Cogender_(Anthropology)</ref>

In this capacity, it's far less common for anthropologists to use the term "cogender" than "third gender."

==Cogender as a gender identity==

A post from August 25th, 2016 titled "[https://cogender.tumblr.com/post/149490281241/introducing-cogender Introducing Cogender]" on the "[http://cogender.tumblr.com Ask A Cogender]" blog independently coined another idea of cogender:

<blockquote>
cogender (from the latin root co meaning “with, together" and gender) is an inclusive gender identity that is the union of two or more gender identities. A cogender person is ok being identified as any of the genders included in their identity. You can be cogender and not know it if your gender happens to include the sex you were assigned at birth.

The difference between a cogender whose gender happens [to] include the gender they were assigned at birth and cis person is the cogender would ok with being identified as another gender.

one format of expressing this identify is X coY where X and Y are genders. Example girl coboy.

note a cogender person may want parts they don’t have that are associated with their cogenders but don’t need them, this doesn’t mean the don’t experience dysphoria just that they ok with the parts included in their gender identity. Example an agender cogirl person assigned male at birth may feel dysphoria over their genitals (and the reactions there of) and want breasts but don’t need breasts.<ref>"Introducing Cogender." ''Ask A Cogender.'' August 25, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2019. https://cogender.tumblr.com/post/149490281241/introducing-cogender [https://web.archive.org/web/20220127034630/https://cogender.tumblr.com/post/149490281241/introducing-cogender Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
</blockquote>

In this definition of cogender, it is a specific type of nonbinary and multigender identity.

===Cofluid===
[[File:Cogender-Cofluid flag concept.png|alt=Cogender/Cofluid flag concept with 5 stripes, from top to the bottom the colors are black, dark purple, white, dark pink, and tan. In that order they represent lack of gender, genders outside the binary, union of 2+ gender identities, genders outside the binary, and gender fluidity|thumb|Flag concept made by theamewoman on Tumblr to represent the Cogender/Cofluid identity. The black (#040404) represents lack of gender, The dark purple (#27183f) represents genders outside the binary, The white (#ffffff) represents the union of 2+ genders, The dark pink (#c4595f) represents genders inside the binary, The tan (#f89c69) represents gender fluidity ]]
As coined on the same blog as the above definition of cogender, on August 26, 2016: "cofluid is when one part of the cogender identity is static but the other part(s) change (possibly to match the first part). Example a cofluidboy has a cogender identity that always includes male but the other identities vary."<ref>"Cofluid." ''Ask A Cogender.'' Aug 26th, 2016. Retrieved March 23, 2019. https://cogender.tumblr.com/post/149510927050/cofluid [https://web.archive.org/web/20220127064656/https://cogender.tumblr.com/post/149510927050/cofluid Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bigender]]
*[[Multigender]]
*[[Genderfluid]]
*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
*[[List of nonbinary identities]]
*[[List of uncommon nonbinary identities]]

== External links ==
* [http://cogender.tumblr.com The cogender blog on Tumblr]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

Binary genders

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The [[binary genders]] are the two options for [[gender]] given in [[ethnicity and culture|cultures]] that use the [[gender binary]] system of putting all people into gender categories. The binary genders are [[woman|female (woman, girl)]] and [[man|male (man, boy)]]. For [[gender expression]], the two options are [[gender expression#feminine|feminine]] and [[gender expression#masculine|masculine]]. [[Nonbinary]] genders are those that don't fit into the gender [[Gender Binary|binary system]], and don't entirely match one of the binary genders. That said, some nonbinary people identify with one or both of the binary genders, at least in part. Although the gender binary system is coercive and limiting, the binary genders themselves are valid identities. The existence of nonbinary genders doesn't make the binary genders less valid.

==See also==
*[[Gender binary]]
*[[Bigender]]
*[[Two-spirit]]
*[[LGBT]]
*[[Galactian system]]
*[[Glossary of English gender and sex terminology]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_binary Gender binary on Wikipedia]
* [http://gender.fandom.com/wiki/Binary_gender Binary Genders on Gender Wiki]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Identities]]

Antigender

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{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = antigender flag.png
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 0.09% (aggregating all anti identities)
}}
[[Antigender]] is a category of "Genders that can only be defined as the opposite of an existing gender. For instance: antiboy would be the opposite of a boy. antigirl would be the opposite of a girl."<ref>http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91782643999/antigenders</ref> The word was coined by asexualjavert<ref>http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91782643999/antigenders</ref> and kgmps2.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Similarly, '''ungender''' (coined by Baaphomett) is a category of genders that are "Not without but a negative; an unboy would be the negative of a boy and an ungirl would be the negative of a girl."<ref name="baaphomett masterpost">Baaphomett. "Masterpost of genders coined by Baaphomett." ''Mogai-Archive.'' Original post where these were coined, which is lost: http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that post: https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95720973644/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that archive: https://archive.is/yULU0#selection-169.2-169.93</ref> (Note that this has a homonym that is widely used in the transgender community: "to ungender" is a verb similar in meaning to the verb "to misgender," that is, to portray someone's gender in a degrading way that they would not have wanted.) Antigenders are under the umbrellas of [[nonbinary]] and [[transgender]] identities, as well as possibly [[xenogender]].

==Basic information==

{{#section-h:List of uncommon nonbinary identities|Antigender}}<ref name="2019 Gender Census">"Gender Census 2019 - the worldwide TL;DR." ''Gender Census.'' March 31, 2019. Retrieved July 5, 2020. https://gendercensus.com/post/183843963445/gender-census-2019-the-worldwide-tldr Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20200118084451/https://gendercensus.com/post/183843963445/gender-census-2019-the-worldwide-tldr</ref>

==Specific kinds of antigenders==

There are several kinds of antigenders.

'''antiagender'''. "similar to [[aporagender]], but defined as the opposite of no gender."<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''antiaporagender''' "also similar to aporagender, a gender that is neither masculine nor feminine and has a gendered feeling, but the feeling isn’t specific or strong".<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''antiboy.''' The opposite of a boy, but not a girl.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''antibigender''' "a [[bigender]] experience where one or both genders are antigenders".<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''antifluid'''. "a [[genderfluid]] experience where one or more of the genders experienced are antigenders".<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''antigirl'''. The opposite of a girl, but not a boy.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023204046/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''cendgender'''. Coined by anonymous. "From ascend/descend. when your gender changes between one gender and its antigender. the word gender can be replaced be the gender involved, for example cendgirl is when you flip between girl and antigirl".<ref>http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/95553900974/cendgender</ref> A kind of genderfluid identity.

'''contragender'''. Coined by tenderagender. "Someone who deeply defies and identifies opposite or against everything or most things that they associate with their assigned gender. (ex. contragender nb person, contragender trans woman, contragender trans man, etc.)".<ref>http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/92608429989/aerogender-where-an-individuals-gender-relies</ref>

==See also==
{{Pride flags|category=Antigender pride flags|image=Antigirl}}
*[[Agender]]
*[[Neutrois]]
*[[Xenogender]]
*[[List of nonbinary identities]]

==external links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150521035526/http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/91274549054/introducing-antigenders antigender on the aporagender tumblr]
*[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Antigender Antigender on gender wiki]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]
{{Stub}}

Androgyne

2026-05-11T00:00:27Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{see also|Androgyny}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = androgyne-3.png
| meaning = The red symbolises woman and the blue symbolises man, and they are separated by purple (a mix of them both), yellow (representing non binary-ness) and grey (representing neutrality).
|related = [[Bigender]]
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 0.7%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Androgyne
}}
[[File:Androgyne Necker Cube.png|thumb|Androgyne symbol. In 1996, self-identified androgyne Raphael Carter proposed taking up this ambiguous geometric shape, the Necker Cube, as a symbol for androgynes, "because it is either concave or convex depending on how you look at it."<ref>Raphael Carter, "Angel's Dictionary." July 14, 1996. [http://web.archive.org/web/19990427014012/www.chaparraltree.com/raq/angels.shtml http://web.archive.org/web/19990427014012/www.chaparraltree.com/raq/angels.shtml]</ref><ref>Nat Titman, "The Necker Cube: Symbol for androgyny." June 25, 2011. ''Practical Androgyny.'' [http://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/06/25/the-necker-cube-symbol-for-androgyny/ http://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/06/25/the-necker-cube-symbol-for-androgyny/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230131181750/https://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/06/25/the-necker-cube-symbol-for-androgyny/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>]]
[[File:Gender-Symbol Hermaphrodite Androgyne dark transparent Background.png|thumb|A mix of the male (Mars) and female (Venus) [[gender symbols]]. A symbol for androgyne, hermaphrodite, or [[intersex]]. Sometimes shown pointing in any different direction. Also the alchemist symbol for iron sulfate. Unicode: U+26A8 ⚨]]
[[File:Andro.png|thumb|The flag described above]]
'''Androgyne'''(Latin from Greek, ''andras-'' "man" + ''gune'' "woman", pronounced AN-druh-jin, IPA: ˈan-dɹə-ˌdʒīn),<ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/androgyne [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527213452/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/androgyne Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> '''androgyn''' or '''androgynous gender''', is an identity under the [[nonbinary]] and [[transgender]] umbrellas. Some writers use androgyne as an umbrella for many nonbinary genders.<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' http://androgyne.0catch.com/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com:80/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Androgynes have a [[gender identity]] that can be a blend of both or neither of the [[binary gender]]s. They may describe this as being between [[female]] and [[male]], between man and woman, between masculine and feminine or simply 'in between.' They can also identify as neither feminine or masculine, or neither female and male. The symbol ⚨ is used to represent this gender identity.

==History==
Historically, there have been some instances of people using the term ''[[bisexual]]'' to refer to androgynes, androgynous people, or [[intersex]] people. An example of the use of this word, found in pop culture, is in the 50th episode of the 2nd season of ''Star Trek'', "The Trouble with Tribbles", where Dr. McCoy refers to the tribbles (an alien species) as ''bisexual''.<ref>[http://www.chakoteya.net/StarTrek/42.htm The Star Trek Transcripts: The Trouble with Tribbles]: ''[...] it seems they're bisexual, reproducing at will. [...]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20230705170956/http://www.chakoteya.net/StarTrek/42.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The term was also historically used to refer to feminine gay men, with its masculine lesbian equivalent being gynander, around the late 19th century and early 20th century.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community|collaboration=Alyson Publications|publisher=Alyson Publications|year=1990|isbn=9781555830199|edition=2nd|location=Boston, Massachusetts|pages=58, 64}}</ref>

The glossary in a 2003 anthology of essays on diversity of sex and gender defined "androgyne" as "someone who considers themselves to be both male and female. It can also mean someone who identifies as [[neuter]]."<ref>{{cite book|title=Finding the Real Me: True Tales of Sex and Gender Diversity|date=2003|url=https://archive.org/details/findingrealmetru00trac/page/n19/mode/2up|page=xviii|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913110137/https://archive.org/details/findingrealmetru00trac/page/n19/mode/2up|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

"Androgyne" has also been used as an umbrella term similar to [[nonbinary]], as in this quote from a 2010 encyclopedia:
{{Quote|''Androgyne'' refers to individuals who assume or possess characteristics of both genders to feel emotionally complete. [...] An androgyne is a person who does not fit cleanly into the typical gender roles of his or her society. Androgynes may identify as beyond gender, between genders, moving across genders, entirely genderless, or any combination or all of these. Androgyne identities include [[pangender]], [[bigender]], [[ambigender]], nongendered, [[agender]], [[gender fluid]], or [[intergender]]. Androgyny can be either physical or psychological; it does not depend on birth sex and is not limited to [[intersex]] people.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref>}}

In 1918, [[Jennie June]] published ''Autobiography of an Androgyne'', which has since been described as "a centerpiece for queer, trans, and gender studies of twentieth-century America."<ref>Scott Herring's introduction to the 2008 reprint of ''Autobiography of an Androgyne''</ref>

In the 1980s, a trans-focused organization called the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute defined androgyne as "a person who can comfortably express either alternative gender role in a variety of socially acceptable environments."<ref>"Brochure for the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute." Ephemera. 1980. Digital Transgender Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20201003071900/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/8g84mm373 (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref><ref>The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute. "Abstracts of a Symposium on Gender Issues for the 90s (Jul. 20, 1988)." Pamphlet. Digital Transgender Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20200815041041/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/5q47rn80n (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref>

"Androgyne" as a nonbinary [[gender identity]] is mentioned in the preface to ''The Flock'', a 1992 book by Lynn Wilson about dissociative identity disorder: "Some [[gender-nonconforming]] individuals call themselves androgynes, [[pan-gender]], or [[non-binary]]."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Flock|isbn=9780449907320|year=1992|last=Wilson|first=Lynn|page=xi|publisher=Fawcett Columbine}}</ref>

In 2003, [[Livejournal]] user 36 created a community aimed at androgynes, defined as people who are "neither female nor male in appearance but something else (both, neither, in between or something else entirely)."<ref name=":0">Androgynes userinfo. Livejournal.com. https://www.livejournal.com/userinfo.bml/?user=androgynes</ref> The profile also notes that androgynes have a range of gender identities, including [[third gender]] and androgynously gendered (between male and female). Some androgynes even find gender identity "something complex, absent, irrelevant or extremely personal".<ref name=":0" /> The community used the Necker Cube symbol as its icon. As of 2024, there were 484 members and 399 journal entries; the most recent was in January 2023.<ref name=":0" />

In 2014, when [[Gender and social media sites|Facebook]] made 56 genders available for its users, two of these were "androgyne" and "androgynous".<ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref>

==Androgynes and androgyny==

Some people who call themselves androgynes identify with [[androgyny]] as a gender presentation, or have or wish to obtain an androgynous, 'in between', or neutral body, others see this as only a matter of gender identity and may express their androgynous gender through their personality or activities such as [[Clothing|crossdressing]].

Some use the word androgyne to mean only a gender identity, and use the words androgynous or androgyny for gender expression.<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> An androgyne may or may not look androgynous. Someone who looks androgynous may or may not be an androgyne. A "psychological androgyne" is one term for a person who has an androgynous gender identity, but doesn't necessarily look androgynous,<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and some such people have created the word "androgyneity" for their inner androgyny, to distinguish it from outward androgyny of appearance.<ref>Stephe, "Psychological androgynes." ''Androgyne Online.'' 2013. [http://androgyne.0catch.com/psych.htm http://androgyne.0catch.com/psych.htm] [https://web.archive.org/web/20190929154955/http://androgyne.0catch.com/psych.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> These terms are useful for people who feel they are androgynes, but aren't sure if they can call themselves so, because of how they look. The connection between androgyny and androgynes can cause frustration for some people:

<blockquote>"Those born with androgynous looks -- especially if they are not androgynes -- often wish that their gender presentation was unambiguous so as to not be teased, harassed or mistaken for the opposite sex, while androgynes born without androgynous looks (i.e. psychological androgynes) often wish that their gender presentation was markedly ambiguous so as to convey outwardly what they feel inwardly."<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref></blockquote>

Androgynes who don't look androgynous may wish they looked more androgynous, while non-androgynes who look androgynous may wish they looked less androgynous.

On the other hand, some [[androgyny|androgynously presenting]] people only use 'androgyne' for their presentation, while having a different gender identity. For example '[[genderqueer]] androgyne' or '[[agender]] androgyne', similar to how one may say 'genderqueer woman'. There are also people who describe themselves as a "masculine androgyne" (on the female-to-male or trans masculine spectrum) or a "feminine androgyne" (on the male-to-female or trans feminine spectrum) meaning that they almost but not quite fit into that part of the gender binary.<ref>Raven Kaldera, "Feminist On Testosterone: The View From An Intersexual FTM." February 2003. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180113213218/http://www.ravenkaldera.org/gender-archive/feminist-on-testosterone.html https://web.archive.org/web/20180113213218/http://www.ravenkaldera.org/gender-archive/feminist-on-testosterone.html]</ref>

Some androgynes don't think of themselves as transgender or transsexual ([[cisgender]]). Some transgender or transsexual androgynes go on a physical transition to make their body more androgynous.<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

==Androgynes and intersex==

Historically, an androgyne has been a word for an [[intersex]] person, and this use of that word is not obsolete. The sex of a person's body is different than their gender identity. Intersex is a physical sex, and androgyne can mean either that, or a gender identity. One concern about using the word "androgyne" for one's gender identity is that it can be mistaken for saying that one is intersex.<ref>Raphael Carter, "Not this, not that: A meditation on labels." July 14, 1996. ''Androgyny RAQ (Rarely Asked Questions)'' (personal site). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml]</ref>

That said, there is a relationship between a person's sex and gender, and the connection between intersex and androgyne might not end there:

<blockquote>"Androgyneity [sic, meaning androgyny of gender identity, rather than of gender expression], when conceptualized as [[intergender]], can be seen as the psychological counterpart to intersex. Androgynes are intermediate in gender, while intersex(ed) folks are sexually intermediate. [...] some intersex activists opine that androgynes have intersex brains (and that [[transsexual|transsexuals]] are intersex on account of the relationship between their brains and their genitalia)."<ref>''Androgyne Online.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref></blockquote>

There may be a connection between intersex conditions and not only androgyne gender identities, but transgender identities of many kinds. This is not known for certain at this time.

==Similar genders==

The etymology of the word "androgyne" describes a mix of male and female, although it is just as often used to mean an absence of male or female traits. A person who feels they are neither female nor male might find a different word suits them better, such as [[neutrois]], [[aporagender]], or [[maverique]]. A person who feels they are neither female nor male, and are completely genderless, might find that [[agender]] is a word that fits them better. There is another concern about the etymology of the word. Some people with nonbinary gender identities who could call themselves androgynes prefer not to, giving the concern that the word "androgyne reinforces the gender binary by invoking the two polar [binary] genders in its very name. Some genderqueer and gender variant folk say that there are as many genders as there are stars in the sky."<ref>"Androgyne Online." [https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200206175358/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> For this reason, androgyne isn't as good of an umbrella term as "nonbinary." That said, anyone who wishes to call themself an androgyne has the right to do so.

Like androgyne, [[intergender]] is a gender identity that is in the middle between the binary genders of female and male, and may be a mix of both. Intergender people may or may not give an androgynous gender expression. One difference is that some intergender people argue that it is an identity label that only intersex people should take up.

If "androgyne" is thought of as two genders, or a mix of genders, then it might be under the [[multigender]] umbrella, for gender identities that are made of several genders. This depends on one's definition of androgyne. One very similar multigender identity is [[bigender]], which is a gender identity made of two genders, or a mix of both. The difference is that for a given bigender person, those two genders ''may'' be female and male, or they might be two other genders. (For example, female and a nonbinary gender.) Another difference is that bigender is more widely agreed to be only a gender identity, not a gender expression.

Androgyne and [[genderqueer]] are sometimes used interchangeably, but the nuances of genderqueer include intentional political subversion and rebellion. Genderqueer also gives no specific idea about whether a given genderqueer person feels like both female and male, neither, or any particular connection to those gender identities.

== Notable androgynes ==

''See main article: [[Notable nonbinary people]]''

There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "androgyne" for themselves.

* [[Notable nonbinary people#Jennie June|Jennie June]] (b. 1874) was a Victorian and Edwardian era writer and activist for the rights of people who didn't conform to gender and sexual norms. She published her first autobiography, ''The Autobiography of an Androgyne'' in 1918. Her goal in writing her books were to help create an accepting environment for young adults who don't conform to gender and sexual norms, because that was what she would have wanted for herself, and she wanted to prevent youth from committing suicide.<ref name="Meyerowitz 2010">Meyerowitz, J. "Thinking Sex With An Androgyne". ''GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies'' 17.1 (2010): 97–105. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> June formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos in 1895, along with other androgynes who frequented Paresis Hall in New York City. The organization was formed in the hopes "to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution," and to show that it was natural to be gender and sex variant.<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref>

* Visual artist and musician [[Florian-Ayala Fauna]] identifies as androgyne and partially [[woman]].<ref name="Faunatweet">{{cite tweet|user=bloodfawn93|number=963276096430108672|last=Fauna|first=Florian-Ayala|title=Hey I'm Florian - I'm a visual artist, musician, writer, and occult practitioner of a Thelemic/Crowley based nature. #VisibleWomen (woman part is partially true tho, more androgyne and proud to be intersex :3 ) http://florian-93.com https://uncertain.bandcamp.com|date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>

''Please help expand this section.''

== Androgyne characters in fiction ==

''See main article: [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Nonbinary gender in fiction]]''

There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the words "androgyne," either in their canon, or by their creators.

*''[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208040336/http://tapastic.com/episode/40617 Snailed It]'' by SnaiLords, who "identifies with both genders" and described themselves as an "androgynous snail".
*[https://matrix.fandom.com/wiki/Switch Switch] from ''The Matrix'' is described by the Wachowski sisters as a "[https://web.archive.org/web/20020826053632/http://sfy.iv.ru/sfy.html?script=matrix_ds beautiful androgyne]" in the original script and was originally intended to be played by two different actors, one inside the Matrix and another in the real world. Warner Brothers cut this particular idea, leaving actress [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0565883/ Belinda McClory] to play both roles<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/trivia|title=The Matrix (1999) - IMDb|access-date=2021-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603022715/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/trivia/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>.
*[https://jojowiki.com/Dio_Brando Dio Brando] from JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure’s creator, Hirohiko Araki, made a spreadsheet and put one of the Androgyne symbols for his gender instead of the male or female planetary symbol, however was referred to as a man.

''Please help expand this section.''

==See also==
* [[Intergender]]
* [[Bigender]]
* [[Agender]]
* [[Gender Neutral]]
* [[List of nonbinary identities]]

===External links===
*[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Androgyne Gender Wiki's Androgyne article]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110425144426/http://androgyne.0catch.com/ Androgyne Online]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170118204653/http://practicalandrogyny.com/raq/ Androgyny RAQ] (Archive of a 1990s website)
*[http://practicalandrogyny.com/ Practical Androgyny]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170421235302/http://androgyne.0catch.com/androbib.htm Bibliography of Books Concerning Androgynes and Androgyny]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]

Ambonec

2026-05-10T23:55:07Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = ambonec.png
| related = [[Bigender]] and [[Multigender]]
| umbrella = [[Multigender]]
| frequency = 0.1%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Ambonec
}}
'''[[Ambonec]]''' is a [[nonbinary]] [[gender identity]] in which a person identifies as both [[female]], [[male]] and neither at the same time. Coined by transmalenaoto (nbshadow) in 2014,<ref name="ambonec coined">{{cite web |title=Ambonec (AN for short) |website=purrloin is SHIT |url=https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95721021539/ambonec-an-for-short |date=25 August 2014|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024112922/https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95721021539/ambonec-an-for-short |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bigendering.tumblr.com/post/172710343306/term-of-the-day-ambonec|website=bigendering|title=Term of the day: Ambonec|date=7 April 2018|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412011757/https://bigendering.tumblr.com/post/172710343306/term-of-the-day-ambonec|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> from Latin ''ambo'' "both" + ''nec'' "neither". Described by the one who coined it as a nonbinary "gender identity in which you identify as both male and female, yet you also identify as neither, at the same time. You can lean towards any sort of [[gender expression]] [...] if you wanted. You can use [any] [[pronouns]] if you wanted. You can identify this within bi/tri/qua/etc if you wanted. You can be [[demigender|demi]]-[ambonec], meaning there could be circumstances where it changes (mood, etc). You do not need [[gender dysphoria|dysphoria]] to identify as [ambonec]."<ref name="nbshadow">{{cite web|url=https://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/94559591894/nbshadow-introducing-ambonec-an-for-short|title=Introducing: Ambonec [AN for short] |website=Queer As Cat (Tumblr)|date=12 August 2014|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322043731/https://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/94559591894/nbshadow-introducing-ambonec-an-for-short|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Abbreviation: AN.<ref name="nbshadow" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://queerquerys.tumblr.com/genders|title=Gender Terms|website=Queer Querys (Tumblr)|access-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322152517/http://queerquerys.tumblr.com/genders|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name="ambonec coined" />

Similarly, "genderdox" means simultaneously having two genders and being genderless. The term was coined by Tumblr user htt in 2014 and is based on the word "paradox."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lgbtqiarchive.tumblr.com/post/638182663359987712/genderdox|title=LGBTQIA Archive — Genderdox|website=Tumblr|date=22 December 2020|access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref>

Another paradoxical gender is oppogender, meaning "when you feel/are two (or more) contradicting or generally ‘opposite’ genders at the same time, such as being simultaneously completely gender-null and another gender." The post listed several alternative names as well: contrarigender, divergender, and discrepantgender.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://xeno-aligned.tumblr.com/post/188482688309/contrarigender-oppogender-divergender|title=Xeno Aligned — Contrarigender / Oppogender / Divergender / Discrepantgender|date=2020|website=Tumblr|access-date=29 July 2023}}</ref>

==History==
In a 2004 issue of the feminist magazine ''Off Our Backs'', a transgender lesbian named Sam Bullington wrote, "I understand myself to be simultaneously and serially both man and woman, as well as neither."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bullington|first=Sam|date=November-December 2004|title= Transgendered Feminist Body Issues|journal=Off Our Backs|volume=34|number=11-12|pages=34–36|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20838217|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627135907/http://www.jstor.org/stable/20838217|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

==Ambonec characters in fiction==

This is a list of characters that are described, either in canon or by their creators, as "ambonec," "female, male, and neither," or similar wording. For a more broad list of nonbinary characters, see [[Nonbinary gender in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction]].

* In episode two of the anime show ''Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann'', the character Leeron states "I'm both and neither a man and a woman."<ref>''Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann'', Gainax, 2007, episode 2</ref>

==See also==
*[[Multigender]]
*[[Neutrois]]
*[[Aporagender]]
*[[List of uncommon nonbinary identities]]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170510042455/http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Ambonec Ambonec on Gender Wiki]
*[http://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/94559591894/nbshadow-introducing-ambonec-an-for-short Queerascat's blog post on Ambonec]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]
{{stub}}

Aporagender

2026-05-08T00:22:13Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{uncommon identity}}
{{infobox identity
| flag = aporagender.png
| meaning = The pink, blue and purple lines represent feminine, masculine, and androgynous genders and are to the sides to symbolize how the centered yellow line (representing gender outside those bounds) is distinct from such genders but still connected through being a gender.
| related = [[Maverique]] and [[Aliagender]]
| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
| frequency = 0.1%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Aporagender
}}
'''Aporagender''' (from Greek ''apo, apor'' "separate" + "gender"<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88346079784/could-i-ask-the-etymology-of-the-prefix-apora {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025740/http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88346079784/could-i-ask-the-etymology-of-the-prefix-apora Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>) is a [[nonbinary]] [[gender identity]] and [[umbrella term]]<ref name=":0">{{cite web|archive-date=4 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504202315/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/aporagender|url=http://aporagender.tumblr.com/aporagender|title=aporagender|access-date=31 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> for "a gender separate from [[male]], [[female]], and anything in between while still having a very strong and specific gendered feeling" (that is, not an [[agender|absence of gender]]).<ref name=":0" />

==History==
The original moderator of the Aporagender blog on tumblr coined the word aporagender in 2014.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88328947879/aporagender-is-a-term-recently-coined-by-me {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20230517190820/http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88328947879/aporagender-is-a-term-recently-coined-by-me Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The person who coined the word "aporagender" made it as an alternative to [[aliagender]], due to concerns that aliagender might be "[[ethnicity and culture#Racism and cultural discrimination|racist]] or appropriative."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/103598129904/aporagender-vs-aliagender|title=aporagender vs. aliagender|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310055217/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/103598129904/aporagender-vs-aliagender|date=25 November 2014|archive-date=10 March 2016|access-date=31 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Aporagender-2.png|alt=A variation of aporagender flag|thumb|An alternative aporagender flag, proposed to due to discontent with the original flag.]]
Hyaenahart designed the aporagender [[flags|pride flag]], which is shown at right.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88699128869/aporagender-pride-buttons {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902184642/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88699128869/aporagender-pride-buttons Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> "Blue & Pink have been put on either end of the flag to show that you feel your gender is 'away' from these two colours, stereotyped as blue being masculine and pink being feminine. Purple to represent as feeling between male and female. Yellow to represent how the gender is nothing like being female, male or both, but is also placed close enough to blue, purple and pink to show that it’s still connected strongly to some sort of specific gender. Yellow also represents how it's a non-binary identity."<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88675303724/pride-flags-for-us-a-flag-proposal-for {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422040634/http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88675303724/pride-flags-for-us-a-flag-proposal-for Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In 2018 an alternate aporagender flag was proposed due to discontent with the original flag. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wedontcareaboutyourbinary.tumblr.com/post/175489605783/aporagender-flag-suggestion-its-recently-come-to|title=Aporagender Flag Suggestion|date=2018|archive-url=https://archive.ph/Jke87|archive-date=8 April 2021|access-date=2020-07-15}}</ref> Proposed by Mod Lune of the blog ''wedontcareaboutyourbinary'', this flag was not intended to be a replacement to the original but rather an alternative for people who were also discontent with the original or merely preferred the newer version. Lune felt the original flag focused too heavily on binary gender "between-ness" and was too close to the [[bigender]] flag. "Yellow and green are two colors that are equally strongly associated with non-binary identity that stands completely separate from a pink/blue female/male point of reference. Teal refers here to the validity of aporagender identities that may SEEM similar to maleness/masculinity or femaleness/femininity, but are distinctly their own separate gender feelings. I chose the black diagonal stripe in opposition to white, which frequently references lack, absence or void; here, I’m using black to signify the presence of a specific gender feeling. Its diagonal orientation refers to the existence of these genders on a plane completely distinct from the binary."

==As an umbrella term==
"Aporagender is under the nonbinary umbrella, but is a more specific label" than nonbinary. Aporagender is also an umbrella term for ''some'' ('''not all''') nonbinary identities.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88495444809/shutupsocialjustice-aporagender-aporagender {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20220717210417/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88495444809/shutupsocialjustice-aporagender-aporagender Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> As an umbrella term, aporagender includes some kind of nonbinary and [[genderqueer]] people, but "doesn’t include people who are [[agender]], between male and female, or [[gender binary|binary]] trans people."<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88777570724/hi-id-like-to-know-how-aporagendered-is {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422222250/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88777570724/hi-id-like-to-know-how-aporagendered-is Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Therefore, aporagender is a more specific umbrella term than genderqueer, because when genderqueer is used as an umbrella term, it includes nonbinary people in general, including agender people and those whose gender is related to manhood and/or womanhood.. "Aporagender is pretty much everything that isn’t male, female, agender, or between male and female."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88773280769/so-like-agender-goes-under-apora-umbrella-what |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310055244/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88773280769/so-like-agender-goes-under-apora-umbrella-what |title=Anonymous said: So like agender goes under apora umbrella? What else would there be? |date=14 June 2014 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |access-date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Difference from other genders==
Aporagender isn't the same thing as [[androgyne|androgyny]], because androgyny can mean a mix of female and male, or in between female and male, whereas aporagender "is any nonbinary identification that isn’t male, female, or anything in between while still having a strong sense of gender."<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88795871409/aporagender-without-wiki-representation {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902184634/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88795871409/aporagender-without-wiki-representation Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

Aporagender is different than [[agender]] or genderless, because these mean that a person has no inner sense of their gender, whereas aporagender people have a strong inner sense of their gender.

Some people who call their gender [[neutrois]] define neutrois as having no inner sense of their gender (genderless), whereas other neutrois people use it to mean having a gender that is not female, not male, not between, but neutral. In the former sense, aporagender isn't a synonym for neutrois, because aporagender people have an inner sense of their gender.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820244904/aporagender {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902184639/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820244904/aporagender Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the latter sense, neutrois can fall under the aporagender umbrella, "but as not everyone uses the same definition [of neutrois], aporagender is still needed for some people."<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/89269060179/neutrois-is-not-agender-neutrois-is-a-gender-that {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902184644/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/89269060179/neutrois-is-not-agender-neutrois-is-a-gender-that Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In order to be aporagender, a person needs to have a feeling of having a gender, and that their "gender is completely and totally not male or female."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820008594/queerascat-so-i-just-stumbled-upon-a-new-gender |date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810205227/http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820008594/queerascat-so-i-just-stumbled-upon-a-new-gender |archive-date=10 August 2016 |title=so i just stumbled upon a new gender that has recently been coined by someone else called 'aporagender' |access-date=31 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since some neutrois people use neutrois to mean that they have no inner sense of gender, aporagender is not a synonym of that, because aporagender people have a sense of gender.<ref>http://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820244904/aporagender {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902184639/https://aporagender.tumblr.com/post/88820244904/aporagender Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In that case, in its most specific sense, aporagender can include neutrois, if neutrois is used in its definition that means "not female, not male, not between female or male - specifically, a present neutral gender." That said, neutrois has many definitions, so aporagender only encompasses for one of these.

People who are aporagender may also feel that all genders are equally validating, so none of them and all of them fit well. However, they may still feel they identify under the nonbinary umbrella.

==See also==
*[[Androgyne]]
*[[Neutrois]]
*[[Maverique]]
*[[Aliagender]]
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20230525010004/http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Aporagender Aporagender on Gender Wiki]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nonbinary identities]][[Category:Umbrella Terms]]

Recognition (USA)

2026-05-02T03:18:43Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Outdated Information}}
[[File:New Mexico standard horizontal driver identification card obverse - non-PubL109-13 and with neutral gender designator and number and address redaction.png|thumb|An example driver's license with "Sex: X" issued by the state of New Mexico.]]
It is estimated that there are over 450,000 [[nonbinary]] individuals in the United States of America<ref name="Hendrick">{{Cite web |title=“M,” “F,” Or “X”? Nonbinary Gender Designations In The Workplace |author=Hendrick et al. |work=Fisher Phillips |date=1 January 2018 |access-date=19 June 2020 |url= https://www.fisherphillips.com/resources-newsletters-article-m-f-or-x-nonbinary-gender-designations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508034529/https://www.fisherphillips.com/resources-newsletters-article-m-f-or-x-nonbinary-gender-designations |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>, although totally accurate numbers are difficult to ascertain.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Micro Interactions, Macro Harms: Some Thoughts on Improving Health Care for Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Folks|journal=International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics|last=Freeman|first=Lauren|year=2018|doi=10.3138/ijfab.2018.05.29}}</ref> This article gives information on [[recognition]] of nonbinary gender identities in law, government, services, and businesses in the USA. This also deals with policies about [[transgender]] people in general, and related policies about [[intersex]] people. Recognition here means whether an organization acknowledges that such people exist and have valid identities, and the organization does this by routinely giving them a place where they aren't forced into being wrongly categorized as a [[gender]] that doesn't match their [[gender identity]]. In the case of recognition of nonbinary people, this means the system doesn't force them to wrongly say they are one of the [[binary gender]]s ([[female]] or [[male]]).

==How to use==
When adding to the tables, please note all sections are in alphabetical order, as are the entries within them. Here is an explanation of the columns and the color code in most of the tables on this page.

Color code for each cell in the below tables:

* green (#9f9) means it doesn't ask for this information at all. This is ideal because it doesn't need to be changed, won't make a mismatch with other paperwork, and is no trouble.
* blue (#9ff) means it offers a write-in field. This is good because it acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, but it can make a mismatch with other paperwork.
* yellow (#ffb) means it asks but answering it is optional. For a title, this means it lets you leave it blank. For a gender, this means it lets you leave it blank, or select an option called "none", "prefer not to state", or "unspecified". This doesn't acknowledge the existence of nonbinary people and can make mismatches with other paperwork, but it's better than otherwise.
* purple (#f9d) means it has a mandatory selection but gives some gender-neutral options, which may even acknowledge the existence of people who are nonbinary or intersex. For a title, this means the available options include not only Dr but [[Mx]]. For gender, it acknowledges that there could be other genders than female or male, giving options such as "other" or "intersex". This acknowledges the existence of nonbinary people, which is good, but requires you to be either out or closeted, and can create mismatches with other paperwork, which is trouble.
* red (#f99) is mandatory selection, without gender-neutral options. For a title, the only remotely gender-neutral titles it offers are things such as "Dr". For a gender, it only allows only [[female]] or [[male]]. This is the worst because it is [[nonbinary erasure]]. Activists need to let the organization know it can be more inclusive.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

Columns in the table:

* Title is for title selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to give a title such as Dr., does it let you leave it blank, or does it let you write in [[gender neutral titles]] such as [[Mx]]?
* Gender is for explicit [[gender]] (or "[[sex]]") selection. Does the organization's paperwork require you to say what gender you are, or doesn't ask? If it does, are you limited only to female and male options, or does it offer more options, or can you write in something else?

Ideally, please include a link to evidence, such as a screenshot or scan of the paperwork, with personal details blacked out, or cite a source.

==Businesses==

This section is for kinds of businesses other than listed elsewhere on this page. ''Please add to this section.''

Planet Fitness in Richmond, CA is willing to let individuals "choose" which of the two binary locker rooms they would like to use.

As of 2019, United Airlines passengers "now have the ability to identify themselves as M(male), F(female), U(undisclosed) or X(unspecified), corresponding with what is indicated on their passports or identification."<ref name="Chen2019">{{Cite web |title=United Airlines Announced It Will Be The First Airline To Offer Nonbinary Gender Options For Customers To Book Flights |last=Chen |first=Tanya |work=BuzzFeed News |date=22 March 2019 |access-date=3 October 2020 |url= https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tanyachen/united-airlines-transgender-non-binary-gender|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529022753/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/tanyachen/united-airlines-transgender-non-binary-gender |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>

==Charities==

Charitable organizations. ''Please add to this section.''

==Education==

See [[Educational bodies (USA)]].

==Finance==

Banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| BECU (credit union)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.
|-
| BMO Harris (bank)
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on the their cards<ref name="Mastercard">{{Cite web |title=Mastercard’s ‘True Name’ supports transgender and non-binary consumers |author= |work=WARC |date=11 June 2020 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/mastercards-true-name-supports-transgender-and-non-binary-consumers/43710|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510214458/http://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/mastercards-true-name-supports-transgender-and-non-binary-consumers/43710 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="BMOH">https://www.bmoharris.com/main/personal/true-name/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095507/http://www.bmoharris.com/main/personal/true-name/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Capitol One (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Chase (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Daylight (neobank app)
| Doesn't use titles
| Doesn't ask about gender
| Users can set their chosen name and any pronouns in the Daylight app, and change them at any time. Only the chosen name is used (e.g. on debit card, with customer service, etc)
|-
| Mastercard
|
|
| "True Name" initiative enables customers to have their chosen name on their cards<ref name="Mastercard" />
|-
| SunTrust (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|-
| Wells Fargo (bank)
|
|
| Doesn't print title on debit or credit card.<ref name="PracticalExamples" />
|}

==Employment==

''See also our page on [[Employment]].''

In general, employment discrimination laws regarding gender identity and LGBT identity vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender_rights_in_the_United_States#Employment|Wikipedia: Transgender rights in the United States - Employment]].

===Private employment agencies===

Public employment agencies (the Department of Labor, the "unemployment agency") would be not in this section, but the section for state government and the federal government.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Title
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20170817022247/https://www.roberthalf.com/officeteam RobertHalf OfficeTeam] (office temping agency)
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Doesn't ask
||
|}

==Government==

Federal and state governments

===Official documents of identity===
{{Outdated Information}}
[[File:Requirements for altering birth certificate sex in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|Legal requirements each state has for altering the sex on one's birth certificate.
Dark purple: State does not require SRS to alter sex on the birth certificate<br>
Lavender: Altering sex on birth certificate requires SRS<br>
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates]]

[[File:Birth certificate sex altering regulations in the US.svg|right|250px|thumb|The procedure each state uses to alter the sex on one's birth certificate.
Dark purple: New birth certificate is issued with the correct sex designation<br>
Lavender: Old birth certificate is amended to correct sex designation<br>
Red: State does not alter sex on birth certificates]]

In the USA, official documentation such as driver's licenses, passports, and birth certificates usually show either M or F. Currently, even changing one's gender marker from M to F or vice versa can be difficult. Some states require proof of surgery (meaning a letter from the surgeon, or from a doctor who has examined the person) to change the gender marker on the identification, some states don't, and some states don't allow the gender marker to be changed at all.

Activism for nonbinary and intersex people-- and transgender people of all kinds-- should ask for these forms of identification to allow another gender marker, such as X, and to be able to change one's gender marker more easily, without proof of surgery or other paperwork. Or better yet, activism should ask for these forms of identification to stop recording sex or gender entirely, because there are better ways to identify people now. That would make life and paperwork safer and easier for transgender people of all kinds.

In the tables below, this section uses a slightly different color code and column labels than the rest of this page, though still loosely based on traffic lights:

* blue (#9ff) means it's routinely friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender" (or "sex," if that is the term used on that document), this would mean it doesn't ask for gender information at all, or gives an option not to give the information, or gives an option other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," it lets you change your gender marker without proof of surgery.
* yellow (#ffb) means it has only rarely or with great difficulty been friendly to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In the column labeled "gender," there have been rare cases where someone managed to get a gender marker other than M or F. In the column labeled "change," changing one's gender markers requires proof of surgery.
* red (#f99) means it's not friendly at all to transgender, intersex, and nonbinary people. In "gender," this means it requires everyone to choose M or F. In "change," this means it doesn't let anyone change their gender markers.
* white background means we don't have information about this yet, or some other situation (describe)

====Birth certificate====

In the USA, most states issue birth certificates with an M or F only, with the limitations described above. Birth certificates call their gender markers "sex" rather than "gender," and the legal definition they use for this is defined by the past or current condition of the genitals, as determined by an examination from a doctor. With this term, defined in this way, it will be difficult to get officials to recognize gender identity with no relation to genitals, or nonbinary gender identity in people who aren't intersex, or even in people who are.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change
! Notes
|-
| Alabama
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth">http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/changing-birth-certificate-sex-designations [https://web.archive.org/web/20230623154938/https://lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/changing-birth-certificate-sex-designations Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Alaska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only<ref name="IGRPresources">"Resources." ''Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition Project.'' Updated 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intersexrecognition.org/resources [https://web.archive.org/web/20230317134157/https://www.intersexrecognition.org/resources Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|
|-
| Arizona
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Arkansas
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref>Kate Sosin and Nico Lang. "Arkansas — Yes, Arkansas — Quietly Begins Issuing Gender-Neutral IDs to Non-Binary People." ''Into.'' 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.intomore.com/impact/arkansas-yes-arkansas-quietly-begins-issuing-gender-neutral-ids-to-non-binary-people [https://web.archive.org/web/20230409135300/https://www.intomore.com/impact/arkansas-yes-arkansas-quietly-begins-issuing-gender-neutral-ids-to-non-binary-people/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| No documentation needed
|-
| California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| The first state to allow a third option, "nonbinary," on birth certificates, starting when [[Gender Recognition Act (California Senate Bill 179)|SB 179, or the Gender Recognition Act]], was signed into law on October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC">John Paul Brammer. ''NBC News.'' 2017-10-23. Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/california-paves-way-nonbinary-birth-certificates-n813436 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220529100554/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/california-paves-way-nonbinary-birth-certificates-n813436 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Allows change without a hearing upon request.<ref>https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230708035626/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB179 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jtes/california-just-got-one-step-closer-to-nonbinary-ids [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220545/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jtes/california-just-got-one-step-closer-to-nonbinary-ids Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only, with one exception where a birth certificate was changed to say "[[Intersex]]"<ref name="anunnaki">{{Cite web |title=I am Proudly the First in Colorado to get an Intersex Birth Certificate |author=Mx. Anunnaki Ray Marquez |work= |date=September 20, 2018 |access-date=November 14, 2020 |url= https://anunnakiray.com/2018/09/20/i-am-proudly-the-first-in-colorado-to-get-an-intersex-birth-certificate/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420184834/https://anunnakiray.com/2018/09/20/i-am-proudly-the-first-in-colorado-to-get-an-intersex-birth-certificate/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Connecticut
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, no proof of surgery required.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Delaware
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| District of Columbia
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Florida
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Georgia
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Idaho
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Illinois
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Indiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Iowa
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires a doctor's proof of "surgery or other treatment [so that] a sex change has occurred" to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kansas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Kentucky
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Louisiana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Maine
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X<ref name="Milton2020">{{Cite web |title=Non-binary people win vital legal recognition as Maine becomes 12th state to issue ‘X’ gender birth certificates |last=Milton |first=Josh |work=PinkNews |date=20 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/07/20/maine-non-binary-birth-certificates-x-legal-recognition/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819130610/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/07/20/maine-non-binary-birth-certificates-x-legal-recognition/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Requires an "individual notarized affirmation that the change is made to align the record with their gender identity." Name on birth certificate can only be changed at the same time as the gender marker change.<ref name="maine">{{Cite web |title=Gender Marker Change on Birth Certificates: Frequently Asked Questions |work=maine.gov |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/public-health-systems/data-research/vital-records/documents/pdf-files/QA%20for%20gender%20marker.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928234009/https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/public-health-systems/data-research/vital-records/documents/pdf-files/QA%20for%20gender%20marker.pdf |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| "At the time of birth, parents may opt to have a nonbinary designation on the [baby's] birth certificate."<ref name="maine" />
|-
| Maryland
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Michigan
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Minnesota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Mississippi
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Missouri
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Montana
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nebraska
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Nevada
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Hampshire
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation upon request, without requiring a letter from a doctor or surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Jersey
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or undesignated/nonbinary. The latter became available on February 1, 2019, making this the 6th state to offer nonbinary birth certificates.<ref name="PinkNewsNJ">https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/01/30/new-jersey-gender-neutral-birth-certificates/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220820003721/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/01/30/new-jersey-gender-neutral-birth-certificates/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| In 2019, proof of medical transition or surgery is no longer required to change your birth certificate in this state. <ref name="PinkNewsNJ" /><ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New Mexico
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X since 2019
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| New York
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| "X" available on birth certificates since 2019.
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor, not surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| North Dakota
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Ohio
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F only, with only one case to the exception: an adult intersex person won a lawsuit to change their birth certificate to say "[[hermaphrodite]]."<ref name="Litigation">{{cite web|title=Litigation|website=Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project|url=http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html |archive-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170711102713/http://www.intersexrecognition.org/litigation.html</ref> As of November 2021, a nonbinary option had been offered briefly but is is in legal dispute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Gov. Stitt Signs Order Halting The State From Issuing Nonbinary Birth Certificates |last=Leesman |first=Madeline |work=Townhall |date=12 November 2021 |access-date=18 November 2021 |url= https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2021/11/12/oklahoma-gov-stitt-signs-order-halting-the-state-from-issuing-nonbinary-birth-ce-n2598993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217015408/https://townhall.com/tipsheet/madelineleesman/2021/11/12/oklahoma-gov-stitt-signs-order-halting-the-state-from-issuing-nonbinary-birth-ce-n2598993 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oklahoma
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M or F, with one exception where a birth certificate was changed to say "[[Nonbinary]]"<ref name="OHaraShupe">{{Cite web |title='Nonbinary' is now a legal gender, Oregon court rules |last=O'Hara |first=Mary Emily |work=The Daily Dot |date=10 June 2016 |access-date=14 November 2020 |url= https://www.dailydot.com/irl/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516145244/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/oregon-court-rules-non-binary-gender-legal/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation. Applicant must have undergone surgical, hormonal, or other treatment appropriate for that individual for the purpose of gender transition and that sexual reassignment has been completed. Surgery not required. Doctor letter may be required by a specific judge, though this is uncommon. <ref name="OHaraShupe" />
|-
| Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Rhode Island
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Requires proof of surgery to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| South Carolina
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Tennessee
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Doesn't allow anyone to change sex designation. Furthermore, "this is the only state that has a statute specifically forbidding the correction of sex designations on birth certificates for transgender people."<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Texas
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Utah
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| M, F, or X but requires court order
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Vermont
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a doctor saying they've had a transition, not strictly surgery.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Virginia
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M or F or X since July 1, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazettejournal.net/new-virginia-dmv-laws-now-in-effect/|title=New Virginia DMV laws now in effect – Gazette Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2020-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328160731/https://www.gazettejournal.net/new-virginia-dmv-laws-now-in-effect/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff"| Allows people to change sex designation, requiring only a letter from a Gender Designation Change Request signed by a physician, psychiatrist, nurse practitioner, clinical social worker, psychologist, or professional counselor, certifying the applicant's gender identity. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://transequality.org/documents/state/virginia|title=Virginia|website=National Center for Transgender Equality|language=en|access-date=2020-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603181152/https://transequality.org/documents/state/virginia|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| Washington
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X, since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075.<ref name="WA-state-birth">"Sex Designation Change on a Birth Certificate." ''Washington State Department of Health.'' Retrieved 2019-07-08. https://www.doh.wa.gov/LicensesPermitsandCertificates/BirthDeathMarriageandDivorce/SexDesignationChangeonaBirthCertificate [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531091851/https://doh.wa.gov/LicensesPermitsandCertificates/BirthDeathMarriageandDivorce/SexDesignationChangeonaBirthCertificate Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Allows people to change sex designation on birth certificate. Since January 27, 2018, per rule WAC 246-490-075 requires only "the appropriate Sex Designation Change request form. A court order or a letter from your physician will not be accepted."<ref name="WA-state-birth"></ref>
|-
| Wisconsin
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|-
| Wyoming
| style="background-color:#f99;"| M or F only
| Allows people to change sex designation.<ref name="LambdaBirth" />
|}

====Driver's license====

In the USA, driver's licenses in most states can show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. As with birth certificates, the gender marker on driver's licenses is called "sex" instead of "gender." All U.S. states allow the gender marker to be changed on a driver's license,<ref>"Driver's License Policies by State." National Center for Transgender Equality. Accessed June 20, 2012. http://transequality.org/Resources/DL/DL_policies.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230502144509/https://transequality.org/Resources/DL/DL_policies.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> although the requirements for doing so vary by state. Often, the requirements for changing one's driver's license are less stringent than those for changing the marker on the birth certificate. This can create conflicts between documents, because sometimes a person is allowed to change their marker on one document, but not the other.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! State
! Sex
! Change process
! Notes
|-
| Arkansas
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X since 2010.
|
|
|-
| California
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or "nonbinary," which became available on driver's licenses in October 15, 2017.<ref name="CA-NBC"></ref>
|
|
|-
| Colorado
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Since November 30, 2018, drivers licenses and ID cards can have an M, F, or X marker.<ref name="colo_Colo">{{Cite web |title=Colorado to offer non-binary sex identifier on driver licenses and IDs |author= |work=Department of Revenue - Motor Vehicle |date= |access-date=3 August 2020 |url= https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dmv/colorado-offer-non-binary-sex-identifier-driver-licenses-and-ids|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513034258/https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dmv/colorado-offer-non-binary-sex-identifier-driver-licenses-and-ids|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| Must have a DR2083 Change of Sex Designation form with a signature from their medical or behavioral healthcare provider. No specific surgery or other treatment is required.<ref name="colo_Colo" />
|
|-
| District of Columbia
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X (X available since June 2017)<ref name="gove_HowG">{{Cite web |title=How Governments Are Transitioning Their Gender Policies to Nonbinary |last=Norwood |first=Candice |work=governing.com |date=June 2019 |access-date=14 April 2020 |url= https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221230623/https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-nonbinary-lgbtq-legislation-regulations.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Hawaii
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X since July 1, 2020.<ref>https://transequality.org/documents/state/hawaii [https://web.archive.org/web/20230626074332/https://www.transequality.org/documents/state/hawaii Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|
|
|-
| Indiana
|style="background-color:#9ff;"|"M", "F", or "X" available since 2019.<ref name="IndianaDL">{{Cite web |title=Indiana becomes the 6th state to offer a new gender option on driver's licenses |author=Hwang, Kelley |work=The Indianapolis Star |date=March 12, 2019 |access-date=November 11, 2020 |url= https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/03/12/indiana-drivers-licenses-now-have-x-gender-option/3138447002/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406210324/https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2019/03/12/indiana-drivers-licenses-now-have-x-gender-option/3138447002/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|Must visit the Bureau of Motor Vehicles with supporting documentation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gov/bmv/licenses-permits-ids/learners-permits-and-drivers-licenses-overview/drivers-license/amending-your-drivers-license-or-identification-card/|title=Amending Your Driver’s License or Identification Card|last=Licenses|first=Permits|date=2020-07-01|website=Licenses, Permits, & IDs|language=en|access-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401162732/https://www.in.gov/bmv/licenses-permits-ids/learners-permits-and-drivers-licenses-overview/drivers-license/amending-your-drivers-license-or-identification-card/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|
|-
| Maine
| style="background-color:#9ff;"|X marker available since June 2018.<ref name="maineDL">{{Cite web |title=Maine BMV to offer non-binary gender designation on driver’s licenses, ID cards |author= |work=maine.gov |date=June 11, 2018 |access-date=November 11, 2020 |url= https://www.maine.gov/sos/news/2018/genderdesignationdlid.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520000840/https://www.maine.gov/sos/news/2018/genderdesignationdlid.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|Fill out the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028173114/https://www1.maine.gov/sos/bmv/forms/GENDER%20DESIGNATION%20FORM.pdf Gender Designation Form]. Standard renewal and duplicate license fees apply.
|
|-
| Maryland
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X since 2019.
|
|
|-
| Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X options since November 2019.<ref name="Vaughn">{{Cite web |title=The RMV Officially Recognizes a Non-Binary Gender Option Now |last=Vaughn |first=Alyssa |work=Boston Magazine |date=13 November 2019 |access-date=5 June 2020 |url= https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/11/13/massachusetts-rmv-gender-neutral-drivers-licenses/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207200502/https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/11/13/massachusetts-rmv-gender-neutral-drivers-licenses/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|
|
|-
| Michigan
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X options since November 10, 2021.<ref name="Powers-Michigan">{{Cite web |title=Nonbinary Designation Added For Michigan Driver's Licenses |last=Powers |first=Sara |work=CBS Detroit |date=3 November 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |url= https://detroit.cbslocal.com/2021/11/03/nonbinary-designation-added-for-michigan-drivers-licenses/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705194050/https://detroit.cbslocal.com/2021/11/03/nonbinary-designation-added-for-michigan-drivers-licenses/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| No medical or legal documentation requirements to change marker<ref name="Powers-Michigan" />
|
|-
| Minnesota
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| X marker available since late 2018.<ref name="MinnesotaDL">{{Cite web |title='X' is new gender choice on Minnesota driver's licenses |last=Nelson |first=Tim |work=MPR News |date=October 2, 2018 |access-date=November 11, 2020 |url= https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/02/real-id-minnesota-licenses-new-gender-choice-x|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108205651/https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/02/real-id-minnesota-licenses-new-gender-choice-x |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|
|-
| New Hampshire
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X options since January 1, 2020.<ref name="Feely">{{Cite web |title=Bill allowing 'X' to mark gender on NH licenses becomes law |last=Feely |first=Paul |work=New Hampshire Union Leader |date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=October 30, 2020 |url= https://www.unionleader.com/news/safety/bill-allowing-x-to-mark-gender-on-nh-licenses-becomes-law/article_054ba80d-0066-53cf-a7e9-98118d2ac907.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516132423/https://www.unionleader.com/news/safety/bill-allowing-x-to-mark-gender-on-nh-licenses-becomes-law/article_054ba80d-0066-53cf-a7e9-98118d2ac907.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
|
|
|-
| New Jersey
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X. X became available in April 2021.<ref name="Sobko">{{Cite web |title=New Jersey adds 'X' as gender option on MVC driver's licenses |last=Sobko |first=Katie |work=North Jersey Media Group |date=April 19, 2021 |access-date=April 19, 2021 |url= https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/transportation/2021/04/19/nj-drivers-license-gender-options-now-include-x-nonbinary/7286526002/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327192944/https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/transportation/2021/04/19/nj-drivers-license-gender-options-now-include-x-nonbinary/7286526002/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| "To change the gender option, residents can fill out a form on the agency's website, then visit a licensing center as a walk-in customer. They will have to surrender their current license or ID and pay a standard fee of $11.00 to receive a duplicate card."<ref name="Sobko" />
|
|-
| New Mexico
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X.
|Requires an notarized affirmation that the change is made to align the record with their gender identity. form [https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/mvd10237.pdf NMMVD-10237]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
|
|-
| New York
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X.
|
|
|-
| Oregon
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X. The X became available on driver's license forms on 2017-07-01.<ref name="IGRPresources" />
|
|
|-
| Pennsylvania
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| "X" gender designation available since July 2020.<ref name="Limberg">{{Cite web |title=PA Now Offering Nonbinary Option for Driver License and IDs |last=Limberg |first=Andrew |work=1010 WINS |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=23 July 2020 |url=https://1010wins.radio.com/articles/radiocom/pa-now-offering-non-binary-option-for-driver-licenseid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721055302/https://www.audacy.com/kdkaradio/articles/pa-now-offering-non-binary-option-for-driver-licenseid |archive-date=21 July 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
|Fill out a form and bring it to DMV in person. No medical or social service documentation is needed.<ref name="dmvPA">{{Cite web |title=Gender-Neutral Designation |author= |work=PennDOT Driver & Vehicle Services |date= |access-date=23 July 2020 |url= https://www.dmv.pa.gov/Driver-Services/Driver-Licensing/Pages/Gender-Neutral-Designation.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605141145/https://www.dmv.pa.gov/Driver-Services/Driver-Licensing/Pages/Gender-Neutral-Designation.aspx|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|
|-
| Vermont
|style="background-color:#9ff;"|"M", "F", and "Other" available.
|Fill out [https://web.archive.org/web/20200918115655/https://dmv.vermont.gov/sites/dmv/files/documents/VL-040-Replacement_License_1.pdf this form] and pay the applicable fee.
|
|-
| Virginia
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X since 2020.
|
|
|-
| Washington
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| M, F, or X.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dol.wa.gov/forms/520043.pdf|title=Change of Gender Designation|publisher=Washington State Department of Licensing|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531091855/https://www.dol.wa.gov/forms/520043.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|
|
|}

====Passports====

In the USA, passports show an M or F only, with the limitations described above that apply to all official documents. The State Department determines what identifying biographical information is placed on passports. In 2010, they began to allow permanent gender marker changes to be made with a letter from a doctor saying that "the applicant has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender,"<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX M - GENDER CHANGE." United States Department of State. June 10, 2010. Accessed October 14, 2010. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606073906/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and no longer requires proof of surgery.<ref>"FAM 1300 APPENDIX F - PASSPORT AMENDMENTS." United States Department of State. March 18, 2009. Accessed May 7, 2009. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86784.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606073906/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/86784.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

====Military ID====

Military retiree ID cards provide an option for photo ID for some transgender people, as they don't display gender on them. However, these cards are only available to those who served in the military, and not accessible to all transgender people.<ref>"Frequently Asked Questions" ''Transgender American Veterans Association'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20230721055351/https://resumebuilderpro.com/resume-examples/tavausa]</ref>

====Social Security card====

Social Security cards are one of the few government-issued IDs that do not list gender on them. However, the Social Security Administration keeps a record of gender. Current policy holds that surgery is not required to change that gender record. Instead, the Administration will accept a full-validity U.S. passport, a state birth certificate showing the new gender, a court order ordering legal recognition of the new gender, or a doctor's letter saying that the person "has had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition to the new gender."<ref><em>See</em> Social Security Administration, <em>Changing Numident Data for Reasons Other Than Name Change</em>, [https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0110212200 Records Maintenance § 10212.200(B)(2)] (as of Mar. 19, 2015). The physician's certificate accepted by the Administration is the same as that accepted by the Department of State for permanently changing one's passport gender. <em>Compare</em> <em>id.</em> <em>with</em> [http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/143160.pdf#page=3 7 U.S. Dep't of State, Foreign Affairs Manual § 1300 appx. M, at 3-4].</ref>

===Marriage certificates===

====Massachusetts====

Marriage certificates at the City of Cambridge in Massachusetts ask for binary sex, but by special permission, this can be left blank, so the marriage certificate has no gender on it.<ref>http://practicalandrogyny.tumblr.com/post/7025100121/gender-free-marriage-certificate-from-cambridge [https://web.archive.org/web/20180903003925/http://practicalandrogyny.tumblr.com/post/7025100121/gender-free-marriage-certificate-from-cambridge Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

===Voting===

Transgender disenfranchisement is the practice of creating or upholding barriers that keep transgender people from voting. One way this happens is by requiring that people need to show ID to vote. That makes problems for transgender people who have mismatches on the gender markers on their ID. For nonbinary people, in particular, they may be limited to forms of ID that don't show a gender marker, such as Social Security cards (which some states don't accept as ID) or military retiree ID cards (which some people don't have and perhaps can't get). Some states let people prove their identity by showing a utility bill, which doesn't show gender, assuming the bill doesn't address the customer by a gendered title. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender disenfranchisement in the United States]] for more about this transgender rights issue.

==Housing==

In general, laws regarding housing discrimination for gender identity and LGBT people vary by state. See [[Wikipedia:Transgender rights in the United States#Employment_discrimination|Transgender rights in the United States]] on Wikipedia.

==Medical==

Clinics, hospitals, health insurance. ''Please add to this section.''

===Health insurance===

See the article ''[[Health insurance]]'' for more on this topic.

Many kinds of health insurance don't cover transgender-related healthcare (meaning [[hormone therapy]] and [[surgery]]). However, in some states, insurance is required by law to cover it:<ref>http://nonbinary-support.tumblr.com/post/113431196413/states-where-it-is-the-law-for-insurance-to-cover [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902203756/http://nonbinary-support.tumblr.com/post/113431196413/states-where-it-is-the-law-for-insurance-to-cover Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729153907/https://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/4273 California] (April 2013)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170805185939/http://www.one-colorado.org/what-coloradans-need-to-know-about-the-division-of-insurance-recent-bulletin-on-health-insurance/ Colorado] (March 2013)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2013/12/31/connecticut-becomes-fifth-state-require-transgender-medical-coverage Connecticut] (December 2013)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140803221129/http://www.aidschicago.org/illinois-news/915-illinois-advocates-hail-great-first-step-to-end-discrimination-against-transgender-individuals-in-health-insurance-coverage Illinois] (July 2014)
* [http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2014/06/23/trans-residents-celebrate-monumental-health-care-ruling-mass Massachusetts] (June 2014)
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/nyregion/in-new-york-insurance-must-cover-sex-changes-cuomo-says.html?_r=0 New York] (December 2014)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906174923/http://www.basicrights.org/featured/historic-news-oregon-removes-barriers-to-transition-related-care/ Oregon] (January 2013)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20161002122248/http://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/7506 Vermont] (April 2013)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170710093730/https://transgenderlawcenter.org/archives/10537 Washington] state (June 2014)
* [http://mayor.dc.gov/release/mayor-gray-announces-steps-protect-glbt-community-discrimination-health-care Washington D.C.] (February 2014)

The Human Rights Campaign (HRC) maintains a list of health insurance companies and their relevant policies: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424015811/http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/finding-insurance-for-transgender-related-healthcare Finding Insurance For Transgender Related Health Care]."

However, even with coverage, many insurance companies will misgender clients on ID cards, websites, and promotional mailings (such as those offering a discount for getting a certain medical procedure).

Many medical records use M or F markers and contain all aliases, and even in trans-centric places like the Lyon-Martin Clinic, paperwork is labeled by legal gender marker and a (T) for transgender when applicable. These markers and names often print on medical ID bracelets, including emergency rooms, hospitals, and in-patient psychiatric wards. At least one hospital, Sutter General in West Oakland, is willing to prevent deadnames from printing to ID bracelets upon formal request through the patient complaint customer service phone line; however, it was not willing to remove the gender marker.

Additionally, even without medical records, ambulances and hospitals tend to pick a gender marker based on how they interpret a person to look, without asking. And even in emergency rooms with a fill-in-the-blank option for gender, staff and records tend to completely ignore this altogether.

===Blood donation===
The American Red Cross Blood Services does not ban transgender or nonbinary people from donating blood/platelets/etc, and they recognize the existence of various nonbinary genders. However, donors must self-identify themselves as either male or female; this is required by the FDA.<ref name="redcross">{{Cite web |title=LGBTQ+ Donors |author= |work=redcrossblood.org |date= |access-date=6 June 2020 |url= https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/eligibility-requirements/lgbtq-donors.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308194049/https://www.redcrossblood.org/donate-blood/how-to-donate/eligibility-requirements/lgbtq-donors.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

==Shopping==

Supermarkets, stores, and other kinds of shopping in the USA. ''Please add to this section.''

==Utilities==

Utilities such as power, gas, electricity, water, and communications. ''Please add to this section.''

==Veterinary==

Animal and pet clinics and hospitals. ''Please add to this section.''

==Websites==

Websites and online services specific to the USA, other than those listed elsewhere on this page. Otherwise, see [[websites and social networks]], which is international. ''Please add to this section.''

==See also==
* [[Recognition (Canada)]]
* [[Recognition (UK)]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729192006/http://www.intersexrecognition.org/home.html Intersex & Genderqueer Recognition Project] "is the only legal organization in the United States addressing the right of non-binary adults to gender-self-identify on legal documents. [...] IGRP's goal is to allow non-binary adults to self-identify as something other than male or female on their driver’s license, passport, and other government-issued identification."
* [https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps/identity_document_laws/ Movement Advancement Project: Identity Document Laws and Policies]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.lambdalegal.org/x-markers Lamda Legal: X Gender Markers by State]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Recognition]]
[[Category:USA]]

Educational bodies (USA)

2026-05-02T00:37:36Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{incomplete}}
This list, in alphabetical order, lists educational bodies in the USA whose status on [[genderqueer]] and [[nonbinary]] identity acceptance is known. Edits should, where possible, link to evidence.

Click here to return to the [[Recognition (USA)]] page.

Note that for [[gender nonconforming]] [[children]] and teens, homeschooling or unschooling is an option. This still involves a lot of paperwork, but it's a life-saving option for youth who have difficulty fitting in or feeling safe around peers and faculty at school. Homeschooled or drop-out teens can work to pass the General Education Development (GED) test instead of getting a high school diploma. A GED certificate will satisfy all employers and colleges that ask for a high school diploma.

===Colleges and universities===

In the USA, many colleges use paperwork that makes problems for transgender people, especially nonbinary people. The Common Application and Universal College Application, used by many USA colleges, used to restrict answers to only the binary sex assigned at the birth of the applicant. However, starting in the 2016-2017 academic year, these applications updated the "sex" field to "sex assigned at birth" and added an optional free text field for gender.<ref name="OConnor">{{Cite web |title=College Applications Just Got Way More Gender-Inclusive |last=O'Connor |first=Lydia |work=HuffPost |date=April 28, 2016 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/common-application-gender_n_57225c03e4b01a5ebde4faf9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528062540/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/common-application-gender_n_57225c03e4b01a5ebde4faf9 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> The Coalition Application uses [[:File:Coalition Application.PNG|a similar two-question technique]].

The [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person] article is highly recommended because it goes into more detail about many aspects of college life for a nonbinary person in the USA, and some common problems in paperwork.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! Organization
! Gender
! Notes
|-
| American University
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, "limited to the 'social justice' house for first years"<ref name="College">[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Applying to College as a Non Binary Trans Person]. October 21, 2013 [https://web.archive.org/web/20181208102627/https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iXcTiWKvTVfIYDx0ciZnZI5Bw5R_hfCdfTZKJPHpeHI/edit?pli=1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Austin Community College
|
| Students can submit their chosen name to be displayed in class rosters and online systems instead of their [[deadname]]. However, most official documents such as transcripts and diploma will use the student's legal name.<ref>https://www.austincc.edu/admissions/update-student-information/chosen-name [https://web.archive.org/web/20230320151750/https://www.austincc.edu/admissions/update-student-information/chosen-name Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Bard College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Bowling Green State University
|
| Allows gender neutral housing, but is limited to Founders Hall and one floor of MacDonald Hall for 2016-17 academic year<ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/residence-life/housing-options/gender-neutral-housing.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902205803/https://www.bgsu.edu/residence-life/housing-options/gender-neutral-housing.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>http://www.toledoblade.com/Education/2016/05/01/BGSU-to-offer-less-expensive-all-gender-dorm.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210118145808/https://www.toledoblade.com/Education/2016/05/01/BGSU-to-offer-less-expensive-all-gender-dorm.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Also has some gender neutral bathrooms accross campus <ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/gender-neutral-bathrooms.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902205822/https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/gender-neutral-bathrooms.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/Gender%20Neutral%20Bathrooms_List+Campus%20Map.pdf [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902205823/https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/multicultural-affairs/documents/Gender%20Neutral%20Bathrooms_List+Campus%20Map.pdf Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Burlington College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "I do not wish to identify"<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| College of Wooster
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Colorado State University
| Internal CSU computer system "RAMweb" allows X gender marker<ref name="GiordanoCSU">{{Cite web |title=CSU updating systems to improve experiences for transgender and nonbinary students |last=Giordano |first=Joe |work=SOURCE |date=August 18, 2020 |access-date=November 14, 2020 |url= https://source.colostate.edu/csu-updating-systems-to-improve-experiences-for-transgender-and-nonbinary-students/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814192115/https://source.colostate.edu/csu-updating-systems-to-improve-experiences-for-transgender-and-nonbinary-students/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| "Nearly 300 all-gender restrooms on campus"<ref name="GiordanoCSU" /> <br>Informed consent transition services available at CSU Health Network in the Women's and Gender Care Clinic<ref name="heal_Tran">{{Cite web |title=Transgender Care {{! }} Health Network |author= |work=health.colostate.edu |date= |access-date=November 14, 2020 |url= https://health.colostate.edu/transgender-care/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530224022/https://health.colostate.edu/transgender-care/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| Connecticut College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
|
|-
| Dickinson College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Evergreen State College, the
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Gutenberg College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Goucher College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
||
|-
| Grinnell College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Hampshire College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Has gender-neutral bathrooms in all dorms and all over campus. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Haverford
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "regularly offers singles even to first years, and some floors have gender-neutral bathrooms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Ithaca College (Ithaca, NY)
|
| Has a gender-inclusive housing option that is friendly to genderqueer students. Has a speech pathology clinic to help transgender students with voice training for free.<ref name="Beemyn2012">Dr. [[Genny Beemyn]] and Shane Windmeyer. ''The Advocate.'' August 15, 2012. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2012/08/15/top-10-trans-friendly-colleges-and-universities?page=0,0 Mirror: http://www.campuspride.org/resources/top-10-trans/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
| Juniata College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| Macalester College
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Uses the Common App, which asks for sex assigned at birth, and has free text field for gender identity<ref name="OConnor" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| New College of Florida
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has a campus community known for accepting gender-variant students—it works for some trans students because of the college’s informal acceptance, even if the school doesn’t have stated policies."<ref name="College" />
|-
| New York University (New York, NY)
|
| Has a trans student group and several popular transgender focused events.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Northern Arizona University
|
| Has a university policy prohibiting discrimination/harassment on the basis of gender identity. Has Gender Inclusive Housing options since 2012. Has Gender-Neutral Restrooms across campus. Students can change Preferred Name displayed on student ID, rosters, etc. without a legal name change.<ref>https://in.nau.edu/inclusion/transgender-resources/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230307043830/https://in.nau.edu/inclusion/transgender-resources/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
|-
| Oberlin College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Campus-wide student culture treats asking about preferred pronouns as a matter of basic etiquette.<ref name="College" />
|-
| Pitzer College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing. Lets you "indicate a gender preference for your roommate (but won't guarantee you'll get your preference)" [...] Pitzer also has the best housing application I've seen in terms of trans-friendliness".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Prescott College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Paper application has only M and F boxes<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Princeton University (Princeton, NJ)
|
| Gives a lot of transgender-focused programming and events, and works to be transgender-inclusive in its services.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| Savannah Technical College
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Only "male" and "female" gender options available
|
|-
| Shimer College (in Chicago, Illinois)
| style="background-color:#9ff;"| Online form lets you write in a gender as you wish<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Skidmore College
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Smith College
| "In its mission and legal status, Smith is a women's college. [...] Nonbinary or gender nonconforming individuals who also identify as women are welcome to apply. Our community does include and value nonbinary and gender nonconforming students who do not identify as women, who came into their identities after their admission to Smith. [...] Once admitted, any student who completes the college's graduation requirements—regardless of gender identity—will be awarded a Smith degree."<ref name="smith-gender">{{Cite web |title=Gender Identity & Expression |author= |work=Smith College |date= |access-date=3 November 2020 |url= https://www.smith.edu/about-smith/equity-inclusion/gender-identity-expression|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223123538/https://www.smith.edu/about-smith/equity-inclusion/gender-identity-expression|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
| Boasts "More than 200 all-gender restrooms" and "An all-gender locker room in the athletic facilities, with private showering and changing areas"<ref name="smith-gender" />
|-
| St. Johns College
| style="background-color:#9f9;"| Paper application doesn't ask<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)
|
| One of the first schools to cover transgender health care under its student health insurance, and makes it easy to access these benefits. The campus has gender-inclusive athletic facilities and more than 120 gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of California - Riverside (UCR)
|
| Has trans and genderqueer focused events. <ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing, as do all U of California schools, but this particular one is said to be "especially good" with "many options" of that kind.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of California - Santa Cruz (UCSC)
| Online application form gives about six gender options.<ref name="PracticalExamples">http://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/03/24/a-call-for-examples/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601132508/https://practicalandrogyny.com/2011/03/24/a-call-for-examples/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Has separate questions for gender and for sex assigned at birth. Students can also indicate a preferred name and pronouns.<ref name="UCSC">{{Cite web |title=Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Questions |author= |work=registrar.ucsc.edu |date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=May 11, 2020 |url= https://registrar.ucsc.edu/gender-identity/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517135529/https://registrar.ucsc.edu/gender-identity/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Colorado - Denver
|
| Students can designate a name to be used instead of their legal name for some instances, including on diploma. However, some records will still utilize the student's legal name.<br>In the UCDAccess system, students may optionally select one of five pronoun sets: [[English_neutral_pronouns#She|she/her/hers]], [[English_neutral_pronouns#He|he/him/his]], [[Singular they|they/them/theirs]], ze/zir/zirs, or xe/xer/xers.<ref name="ucde_Iden">{{Cite web |title=Identity |author= |work=University of Colorado Denver |date= |access-date=October 14, 2020 |url= https://www.ucdenver.edu/registrar/student-resources/identity|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331095812/https://ucdenver.edu/registrar/student-resources/identity|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>
|-
| University of Massachusetts, Amherst
|
| Formerly had actively transphobic faculty, but now works to be trans inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
|
| Works to be trans inclusive. Lets students be listed and called by a preferred name, in all contexts, rather than their legal name. Student culture accepts openly transgender students.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Oregon (Eugene, OR)
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Works to be trans inclusive by introducing trans friendly policies before they're asked for. Rec centre has gender-inclusive locker rooms. Most buildings have gender-inclusive bathrooms.<ref name="Beemyn2012" /> Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA)
|
| LGBT center has a two-story building. Student culture is accepting of openly transgender people. Student health service is knowledgeable about trans health issues.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Puget Sound
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing, new to first years<ref name="College" />
|-
| University of Vermont (UVM) (Burlington, VT)
|
| Nondiscrimination policy includes "gender identity/expression." Has trans focused events. Lets students become listed by their preferred name. Works to help other schools be transgender-inclusive.<ref name="Beemyn2012" />
|-
| University of Washington (UW) (Seattle, WA)
|
| Allows gender-neutral housing.<ref name="College" /> Has had a Q Center since 2005, which "welcomes students, staff, and faculty who are transgender". The University plans that in 2016 it will "broaden gender-neutral options for housing to include all of the new residence halls on west campus as well as Haggett Hall, which has provided gender-neutral bathrooms and living quarters for several years. ... UW staff is working on giving students an easy option to change their gender on University forms."<ref>{{cite web|author=Garner, Julie|title=True to Self|work=Columns: The University of Washington Alumni Magazine|date=September 10, 2015|url=https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180926212608/https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns-magazine/september-2015/features/transgender/|archive-date= September 26, 2018}}</ref>
|-
| Vassar
|
| Doesn't say it has gender-neutral housing, but "has gender-neutral bathrooms throughout campus and in all the dorms".<ref name="College" />
|-
| Warren Wilson college
| style="background-color:#f99;"| Application requires you to say whether your "sex" is M or F only, then asks a separate question in which you can write in your "gender."<ref name="College" />
|
|-
| Wesleyan University
| Uses Common Application or Coalition Application
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|-
| Western Washington University
| style="background-color:#ffb;"| Can choose "unspecified"<ref name="College" />
| Allows gender-neutral housing<ref name="College" />
|}

[[Category: USA]]
[[Category:Recognition]]

Drone

2026-05-02T00:33:10Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{uncommon identity}}
'''Drone''' is an uncommon [[gender identity]] related to '''swarmgenders''' and '''hivegenders'''<ref>https://mogai-and-me.tumblr.com/post/673177936648683520/apotheoseity-hi-heres-a-xenogender-for</ref>. Swarm-based gender systems are common in the insect world and in science fiction.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/environment/conservation/how-does-a-real-hive-mind-work-the-secret-life-of-bees-explained-20220407-p5aboo.html</ref><ref>https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/hive_minds</ref>

In the 2023 Gender Census, less than 0.1 % of 40,375 respondents identified as such.{{Gender Census|2023}}

==Queer Understanding==
All understandings of the hivemind and the drone are inherently nonbinary. The conception of gender held by an ant or a bee is not a man/woman dichotomy of male homeowner and female childbearer, bees have three genders.<ref>https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/04/10/3733766.htm</ref> For bees, female workers manage all the non-reproductive tasks of the hive and are sterile.<ref>https://www.mdbka.com/bee-information/</ref> Star Trek's Borg drones are queer<ref>https://www.startrek.com/en-un/news/seven-of-nine-was-always-queer</ref>, and the minions of the Zerg have no use for gender.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.starcraftforum.com/threads/zerg-protoss-genders.117/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-18 |archive-date=2023-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010311/https://www.starcraftforum.com/threads/zerg-protoss-genders.117/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The drones of a simulated swarm, like virtually all computer programs, have no gender. Trans people choosing to give up gender in favour of dronification relive their transgender experiences in a safe environment.<ref name=":4" />

This has lead to some people taking on nonbinary identities specifically as a drone. In the 2023 Gender Census, less than 0.1 % of 40,375 respondents (a total of 6 respondent) identified as such.{{Gender Census|2023}}

===Dronification Fetish===
Drones are also the subject of a fetish popular with trans people. The goal of the dronification fetish is to remove the feelings of personhood and free will from the submissive. Dronification fetish is similar to [[wikipedia:Feminization_(activity)|force feminisation]] fetish, but instead of turning men into women, it turns people into drones. The creator of Hexcorp is transgender, and dronification is said to appeal to trans people due to freedom from societal constraints regarding name, body, disability, and personhood itself.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://cashmeremag.com/dronification-kink-849537/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-11-18 |archive-date=2023-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119010354/https://cashmeremag.com/dronification-kink-849537/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A very prominent dronification influencer is HexCorp.<ref>https://www.hexcorp.net/</ref>

==References==
<references />
[[Category:Identities]]

Dove Hepburn

2026-05-02T00:30:04Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{imported page|type=article|url=https://encyc.org/wiki/Dove_Hepburn|sitename=Encyc}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Dame
| name = Dove Hepburn
| pronouns = She/her/they
| image = Dove Hepburn.jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Hepburn's official sprite avatar.
| date_birth = {{Birth date|1980|1|10}}
| place_birth = Awan, Egypt
| date_death = {{Death date and age|2025|1|11|1980|1|10}}
| place_death = Leicester, England
| other_names = Dove Superstar<br>Princess of Peace<br>Lass of Leicester
| nationality = Egyptian-British
| education = Leicester College
| known_for = Writer for ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' series (2010–present)<br>Founder of "Hepburnism" art
| occupation = Musician, entertainer, painter,<br>ornithologist, humanitarian
| years_active = 1985–2025
| signature = Dove Hepburn Signature.png
| website = [https://nerdcorepartycon.com/ Official website]
}}
'''Dame Dove Kathleen Hepburn''', '''Princess of Peace''' (née '''Hemira'''; January 10, 1980 – January 11, 2025), known as '''Dove Superstar''', was an Egyptian-British musician, songwriter, painter, ornithologist, and humanitarian. She founded the art movement "Hepburnism", and created a series of portraits of her soulmate [[Audrey Hepburn]]. From 2008 to 2025, Hepburn released (her own series) 50 rap battles (2022–2026), 91 rap battles for ''[[Epic Rap Battles of History]]'' (2010–2025), 14 Minecraft rap songs for Dan Bull (2014–2024), 215 songs for RUSTAGE (2019–2025), 101 rap battles for Freshy Kanal (2019–2025), and 22 rap cyphers for [[Cam Steady]] (2021–2025). Her final project ''Frozen In Time'', a song for ''Frozen III'' was released posthumously on TikTok in 2026.

Hepburn's fascination with hip-hop began in January 1990, when she was swept up by the genre's energetic beats and storytelling possibilities. She was known for her word-twisting wordplay, deep humour, and nostalgic allusions to shared culture. She created a distinctive style that combined nerdcore with commercial hip-hop, integrating video games, internet culture, and anime references into competitive, energetic lyrics. Her own rap battles often involved combinations of retro and modern humour, making her stand out as a one-of-a-kind artist in the music world.

From 2010 to 2025, Hepburn served as a long term video editor, beat producer, thumbnail designer, and as a writer for the renowned ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' series. Her output has covered all 91 battles produced during the time, from ''John Lennon vs Bill O'Reilly'' (2010) to ''Red Baron vs White Death'' (2025). All ERB battles released after her death are credited posthumously to Hepburn. On each assignment, she played a crucial role in refining the series' now-legendary structure, mixing fast rhymes with historically and culturally grounded allusions. From 2021 to 2025, she collaborated with the Los Angeles rapper Cam Steady, supplying writing, editing, and conceptual input for his rap cypher series and solo work, as well as rap battles for others artists, RUSTAGE (2019–2025) and Freshy Kanal (2020–2025). The work confirmed her reputation as a talented performer but also as an off-stage creative force whose influence can be seen in multiple facets of modern nerdcore output.

In January 2022, she organised her first solo rap battle, ''Runerigus vs Silverfish'' (2022), which launched a new run that became synonymous with its strange and innovative match-ups. She went on to organise 36 other rap battles in the following three years, featuring characters from wildly different pop culture spheres battling each other in lyrical competitions. These ranged from epic fights such as ''Thanos vs Noah'' (2022) and ''Dream vs Kirby'' (2022) to bizarrely greater ones such as ''Microwave vs Refrigerator'' (2022) and ''Mommy Long Legs vs Spider-Man'' (2022).

Hepburn's effort stood out for its speedy, hyper-referential dialogue laced with nods to each character's own special universe. She gained the respect from rappers, gamers, and anime fans in her audience by fusing fun nostalgia with fresh comedic timing. Easier fights like ''Cap'n Crunch vs Michelin Man'' (2022) showcased her skill at goofy humour, while intellectual sparring battles like ''Light Yagami vs Isaac Newton'' (2022) highlighted her cerebral chops. Later releases, including ''Turbo Dismount vs Paint Roller'' (2024) and ''Pink Diamond vs Guzma'' (2024), underscored her evolving artistry and experimentation beyond the limits of artistic convention. By constantly experimenting for over three decades, she closed the gaps between hip-hop, gaming, and anime to cement herself as one of the greatest nerdcore musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries. She died on January 11, 2025, aged 45.

==Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Hepburn was born in Aswan, Egypt, on January 10, 1980. Her early life there was marked by a nascent creative inclination and a growing passion for self-expression. In 1985, she relocated to Leicester, England—a move that would profoundly shape her personal and professional life. Upon her arrival in Leicester, her distinctive personality and artistic ability quickly earned her local nicknames like the "Lass of Leicester" and the "Leicester Lass of Class," reflecting her positive impact on her adopted home.

Hepburn attended Ravenhurst Primary School from 1986 to 1992, where her schooling included a brief period of being held back a year before rejoining her original cohort. During her time there, school trips included visits to Bosworth Battlefield Heritage Centre, the Jewry Wall Museum, the National Space Centre, and an overnight stay at Beaumanor Hall for various activities. She also visited Dovedale in the Peak District.

====Quorn Hall School====
In September 1992, Hepburn transitioned to the independent Gryphon School (now known as Quorn Hall School since August 2020), a special educational needs school. The school was initially located in Abbey Park, Leicester, before moving to the Quorn Hall site. The headteacher at the time, Christina Church, purchased the school for £7 million in 1994. She retired in 2020 and was succeeded by a man named Jackson, who resigned after a few months and was replaced by the current head, Andy Cutts-McKay.

While the school was located at Abbey Park, weekly Friday trips included visiting an indoor skatepark (which has since closed down). Other excursions in Leicester City Centre included the National Space Centre again, Leicester Outdoor Pursuits Centre, the Guildhall Museum, various cafes, Leicester Cathedral, Leicester Museum & Art Gallery, and the King Richard III Visitor Centre. She also made weekly visits to The Range store.

Following the move to the Quorn campus in 1994, trips and activities expanded to include Cadbury World, Dovedale (again), Beaumanor Hall (again), Beacon Hill Country Park, Bradgate Park, a local park in Quorn, Forest School activities (including survival skills and bushcraft), country walks and other outdoor pursuits, cooking and photography clubs, and Go Ape. Career talks and workshops were also provided.

Hepburn pursued the Duke of Edinburgh's Award, achieving her Bronze award in 1995. This involved expedition training such as breathing and first aid skills, as well as camping at the school where participants built camps, set up tents, cooked meals like Chilli Con Carne and rice, and roasted marshmallows. Despite attending a special needs school in 1992, Hepburn wasn't formally diagnosed with autism (Asperger's syndrome) until early 2022.

====Leicester College====
At age 19, in September 1999, Hepburn enrolled at Leicester College. This institution, established in 1999, provided a fresh environment for her studies. Despite starting college slightly later than her contemporaries, she demonstrated above-average ability, consistently excelling in her chosen fields of music production and the arts.

Her time at the college was instrumental in developing her technical skills and creative potential. The structured studies offered a foundational base, directly applicable to a future in music and other creative areas. Notably, Hepburn completed her entire course of study, establishing a solid educational foundation—a trait not always common among up-and-coming artists.

These formative studies played a key role in defining her artistic vision. They marked the beginning of a richly varied professional path that would eventually transcend initial expectations to include a mix of creative activities, such as writing and video editing alongside music production.

Ultimately, this early period in Leicester provided Hepburn with an ideal, cross-disciplinary skill set. Her focused studies and determination prepared her for a career encompassing not only established creative fields but also groundbreaking and innovative pursuits, highlighting her integrated approach to artistic innovation.

====National Citizen Service====
In the summer of 2009 at the age of 29, Hepburn joined as a mentor in the National Citizen Service (NCS) programme. This experience typically involved a range of activities designed to build skills and confidence, which often included team-building residential trips, developing new talents, and planning and delivering a social action project within the community.

During the initial residential phase, Hepburn was responsible for leading her team of diverse young people through challenging outdoor activities like abseiling, canoeing, and mountain biking. Her role involved constant supervision, providing essential pastoral care, and actively participating alongside her team to foster a "can-do" attitude and a strong, inclusive team spirit among participants from different backgrounds.

Following the outdoor week, Hepburn focused on guiding her team in the development of a social action project within their local community. This included facilitating workshops on life skills and community awareness, helping the team liaise with local charities, and mentoring them through the planning, fundraising, and delivery of their chosen project, ensuring it had a tangible and positive impact.

==Career==
===''Epic Rap Battles of History'' (2010–2025)===
====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 1 (2010–2011)====
The inaugural season of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' (ERB) debuted in September 2010, captivating audiences with its smart mashup of historical, pop culture, and fictional figures engaging in comedic and often scathing rap battles. Created by Peter Shukoff (Nice Peter) and Lloyd Ahlquist (EpicLLOYD), the program revolutionised YouTube entertainment by combining witty puns, high-quality production, and widespread accessibility. Season 1 boasted 15 battles, each involving meticulously scripted depictions of legendary warriors across genres and time.

Among the season's best was the premiere episode, ''John Lennon vs. Bill O'Reilly'', which established the show with a clear contrast between Lennon's visions of peace and O'Reilly's boisterous, conservative persona. This was followed by fan favourite ''Darth Vader vs. Hitler'', which combined Star Wars references with biting commentary on history and established a high watermark for innovative storytelling. These initial episodes established the team's ability to take cultural touchstones and make them work while retaining a comedic edge.

Hepburn joined the ERB production house late in 2010 as a multifaceted contributor who excelled at lyric polishing, thumbnail illustration, and back-end coordination. Her skill at crafting emotive visuals and understanding character interactions had significant influences on battles like ''Abe Lincoln vs. Chuck Norris'' and ''Sarah Palin vs. Lady Gaga''. As a lyricist, Hepburn's contributions enhanced the cliche-free humour and historical accuracy for numerous episodes, cementing the show's reputation for intellectual humour.

The beginning of 2011 contributed to the ERB universe some great battles such as ''Justin Bieber vs. Beethoven'' and ''Einstein vs. Stephen Hawking''. The battles realised a blend of humour and an edgy educational worth, such as in the scientific puns and musical references. Hepburn's value-added contribution to editing and continuity in scenes enhanced these episodes to excel, making transitions between the dramatic character portrayals smooth. Her team player nature also made her suggest Easter eggs and cameos, a hallmark of the show.

Later in the year, the show pushed even more into new territory with innovative match-ups such as ''Gandalf vs. Dumbledore'' and ''Dr. Seuss vs. Shakespeare''. These episodes showed the crew's increasing confidence in placing fictional and literary characters side by side, with Hepburn leading research to secure authenticity for the characters. Her involvement in costume design consultations and visual storytelling added depth to battles such as ''Napoleon vs. Napoleon'', which contrasted historical richness with outrageous comedy.

Hepburn's dedication extended to the technical side, where she played a key role in optimising the show's production pipeline. She was responsible for simplifying the music production process, collaborating with the crew to experiment with layered soundscapes that augmented the lyrical flow. Her creative direction ensured that each episode was of good quality regardless of the subject matter.

Season 1 ended with ''Nice Peter vs. EpicLLOYD'', a meta-finale where the creators battled one another while suggesting Season 2 plans. The episode also included KassemG as a mediator, cementing the show's collaborative spirit. Hepburn's writing contribution to this meta-tale was crucial, as she provided a balance of humour and pathos, wrapping up the season nicely.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 2 (2011–2013)====
Hepburn came back for Season 2, building on her strengths of refining lyrics, creating catchy thumbnails, and making production processes smooth. Her work was especially evident in episodes with intricate storytelling and layered humour, where her creativity enhanced the appeal of the show.

The season premiered with ''Hitler vs. Vader 2'', the sequel to Season 1's popular ''Hitler vs. Vader'' episode. The rematch featured Adolf Hitler going up against Darth Vader once more, this time in the throne room of Jabba the Hutt, blending Star Wars legend with historical spoofing. Hepburn's script and design work for the episode guaranteed that the episode maintained the high level of humour and spectacle that audiences had come to expect.

Fights such as ''Master Chief vs. Leonidas'' and ''Mario Bros. vs. Wright Bros''. as the season progressed further reflected the team's growing ambition. Hepburn's research and lyric input infused the episodes with depth, particularly in meshing historical facts with pop culture nods. Her coordination of visuals and costuming infused the series with a class and professional sheen.

An earlier highlight episode of the season, ''Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates'', reunited a tech showdown featuring the legendary Apple and Microsoft founders. Hepburn's off-camera lyrics work added layers of humour depth and on-trend, and her off-camera labour helped the team craft a visually engaging depiction of the tech world.

Near the conclusion of the season, ''Dr. Seuss vs. Shakespeare'' highlighted the authors' capacity for crossover literary genres by pitting the whimsical rhymes of Dr. Seuss against the timeless prose of Shakespeare. Hepburn's research on the characters' unique styles contributed significantly to ensuring the authenticity of the episode, and her background as a costuming design consultant added depth to the visual presentation.

The year also began with more advanced choreography and music composition, where Hepburn was at the forefront to hone these elements. Her ability to collaborate with the crew ensured that soundscapes, intricate camera work, and comedic timing came together in harmony.

Season 2 concluded with the meta-referential ''Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney'', which was broadcast during the 2012 United States presidential election. The show showcased the versatility of the cast in being relevant and funny while offering caustic social commentary. Hepburn's input as a writer and editor ensured the episode was perfectly balanced between humour and political satire, and its effects on viewers were long-lasting.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 3 (2013–2014)====
The third season of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' premiered on 7 October 2013 and demonstrated the series' further development through its ambitious pairings, keen wordplay, and vivid imagery. Co-creators Peter Shukoff (Nice Peter) and Lloyd Ahlquist (EpicLLOYD) broadened the show's scope, incorporating more sophisticated storytelling and wider cultural allusions while sustaining the humourous, incisive battles audiences enjoyed. This season had 12 battles between a wide variety of historical, fictional, and pop culture characters.

The season began with a season-opening finale to the ongoing saga, ''Hitler vs. Vader 3'', which concluded the trilogy in dramatic fashion. The episode pitted Adolf Hitler (EpicLLOYD) against Darth Vader (Nice Peter) in their ultimate confrontation, with a special appearance by Boba Fett and an abundance of callbacks to previous battles. The production quality and storytelling sophistication reflected the team's growing confidence with narratives.

Hepburn returned as a core member to the roster, tapping into her past success in lyrical editing, visual structuring, and idea conception. She brought her historical research knowledge and pop culture dynamics insight into such iconic shows as ''Blackbeard vs. Al Capone'', which tastefully joined with ''Assassin's Creed IV: Black Flag'''s ad campaign. Her attention to detail enabled her to achieve the optimal balance of humour and realism, witnessed in the carefully crafted reenactments of gangsters and pirates.

One of the season's standouts, ''Miley Cyrus vs. Joan of Arc'' featured the show's ability to match-up seemingly disparate legends with each other for laughs. Hepburn's work in writing the battle's lyrics maintained a fine balance of current pop culture vocabulary and period-correct wit. Her creative foresight also dazzled in ''Bob Ross vs. Pablo Picasso'', which blended art history and absurdity, featuring repeat players like Billy Mays and Mr. Rogers in cameos.

As the season progressed, ''Michael Jordan vs. Muhammad Ali'' and ''Donald Trump vs. Ebenezer Scrooge'' proved the show's adaptability to delve into both sports and literature with equal success. Hepburn's work as a contributor made the fights interesting and substantive. Her contribution to ''Trump vs. Scrooge'' went even so far as to write concepts based on borrowing from ''A Christmas Carol'' and created a special Christmas-themed battle.

Later seasons explored bold concepts, including ''Rick Grimes vs. Walter White'', where the ''Walking Dead'' and ''Breaking Bad'' heroes confronted each other. Hepburn's vast experience of character dynamics enriched episodes like ''Stephen King vs. Edgar Allan Poe'', which featured two masters of literature going head-to-head in a war of intellectual superiority. Her contribution to research and lyric cutting was paramount in being able to bring out the distinct voices of each author.

The last fights of the season, including ''Sir Isaac Newton vs. Bill Nye'', ''George Washington vs. William Wallace'', and ''Artists vs. TMNT'', pushed the boundaries of imagination. In ''Newton vs. Nye'', Hepburn's collaboration with the team ensured that astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and Carl Sagan appeared in a science-filled battle. Her experience in visual storytelling ended in ''Artists vs. TMNT'', where Renaissance art was blended with pop culture in a spiritually choreographed rap battle.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 4 (2014–2015)====
The fourth season of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' witnessed the series breaking creative limits with a series of dissimilar and ambitious battles. With historical, fictional, and popular culture figures featured in them, the season showcased the creators' increasing faith in making complex matchups with good production and creative storytelling.

Season 4 consisted of 13 battles, starting with ''Ghostbusters vs. MythBusters'' in November 2014 and concluding with ''Deadpool vs. Boba Fett'' in December of 2015. The season was distinct for having complex cameos, refined visuals, and cross-disciplinary collaborations, such as stop-motion animation and consulting professionals for greater authenticity.

The initial battle, ''Ghostbusters vs. MythBusters'', set the tone with a large cast and zany action between fictional and real characters. Hepburn's contribution creatively achieved the perfect mix of comedy and homage, particularly the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man role, whose comedic influence added a captivating twist to the competition.

The other stand-out, ''Zeus vs. Thor'', broke with tradition by employing Lego stop-motion, a concept Hepburn advocated for in order to give the conflict its own special visual style while delving into mythology. ''Romeo and Juliet vs. Bonnie and Clyde'' proved her ability to blend genres seamlessly by marrying Shakespearean romance with the free-wheeling life of the iconic American outlaws.

Hepburn's finest writing came in ''Eastern Philosophers vs. Western Philosophers'', where she wrote complex verses bringing ancient Chinese philosophers and their Western equals to life. Her passion for historical storytelling also led ''Shaka Zulu vs. Julius Caesar'', where cultural homage and dramatic reenactment reflected her commitment to realism.

The season finale, ''Deadpool vs. Boba Fett'', benefited from Hepburn's eye for dramatic choreography and acid humour, resulting in a rousing and triumphant closer. Her dedication to perfection permeated every battle, as her lyrical ability and innovative vision left a lasting impression on Season 4.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 5 (2016–2017)====
The fifth season of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' premiered with a fresh wave of creativity, historical relevance, and pop culture relevance. The season showcased the series' continued growth in lyrical complexity, production quality, and fan engagement with a blend of historical figures, fictional characters, and modern-day icons.

Season 5 hosted 13 battles, from ''J. R. R. Tolkien vs. George R. R. Martin'' in May of 2016 to ''Nice Peter vs. EpicLLOYD 2'' in January 2017. The season was defined by intricate storylines, risky character interpretations, and innovative cameos, all bearing Hepburn's creative fingerprint.

The first battle, ''J. R. R. Tolkien vs. George R. R. Martin'', thrilled fantasy fans, and Hepburn's poetic hand ensured a seamless blend of bookish humour and pop culture allusions. Her influence was particularly felt in the introduction of ''The Lord of the Rings'' and ''Game of Thrones'' characters, whose presence added depth to the look and humour.

In ''Frederick Douglass vs. Thomas Jefferson'', Hepburn's understated understanding of history gave the struggle a powerful emotional undercurrent. Her witty writing balanced out the weight of abolitionist material with moments of humour, and it was one of the standout episodes.

''Alexander the Great vs. Ivan the Terrible'' was an exhibition of Hepburn's talent for controlling chaos, as additional characters such as Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great entered the fray. Her creative input maintained the anarchic progression both engaging and understandable.

Unforgettable matches like ''Ash Ketchum vs. Charles Darwin'' were a reflection of Hepburn's genius at balancing play and intellectualism. Her passion for narrative gave the battle its own significance, making the combat a celebration of science and adventure.

The season finale, ''Nice Peter vs. EpicLLOYD 2'', was a poignant exploration of the creators' journey, and Hepburn played a key role in developing its narrative. That she was capable of mixing humour and sincerity in the lyrics worked to highlight her versatility as a writer.

Hepburn was also deeply involved in creating timely and provocative skirmishes like ''Donald Trump vs. Hillary Clinton'' that tackled the 2016 U.S. presidential election through humour and biting commentary. Her collaboration aided the episode in balancing satire and entertainment.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 6 (2019–2020)====
The sixth season of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' continued to break new creative ground, producing engaging pairings that married humour, historical knowledge, and social commentary. The season saw a return to the series' high standards with a varied cast of characters, production values that looked as good as they sounded, and complex lyrics.

The season premiered with the fight of ''Freddy Krueger vs. Wolverine'', a showdown of two great horror and superhero icons. The fast-talking charm of Hepburn made the psychological terrors of Freddy and brutish power of Wolverine come to life, and her verse made their clash a poetic battle as intense as the characters themselves. Her cameo spilled over to the guest stars, with Edward Scissorhands and Jason Voorhees adding an extra layer of fan service.

In ''Guy Fawkes vs. Che Guevara'', Hepburn's historical insight into revolutions brought weight and authenticity to the battle. The poetic contrast between Fawkes' failed gunpowder plot and Guevara's global revolutionary legend underscored Hepburn's skill at pitting philosophies against each other while keeping the rap engaging and witty.

''Jacques Cousteau vs. Steve Irwin'' was an emotionally charged and passionate confrontation between two giant conservationists. Hepburn's research and emotional storytelling were instrumental in capturing the human personality of both individuals. The confrontation found a balance of humour and deference, a reflection of her proficiency in showing respect to the subjects while remaining faithful to the show's signature wit.

Hepburn also ruled the Halloween special, ''Vlad the Impaler vs. Count Dracula''. Her clever overlap of history and fiction came alive in a captivating and darkly comedic duel bringing the notorious Vlad the Impaler and his legendary vampire counterpart to life.

Season finale ''Harry Potter vs. Luke Skywalker'' was a daring crossover made through stop-motion Lego animation. Hepburn worked closely with the animation team, and in clever references, she infused the lyrics with ''Harry Potter'' and ''Star Wars'' universes. Her creativity was top-notch in the clever blending of spells, lightsabers, and iconic characters, to create one of the fan favourites.

====''Epic Rap Battles of History'': Season 7 (2021–2025)====
Season seven of ''Epic Rap Battles of History'' persisted with the series' convention of uniting historic, fictional, and contemporary icons for charged lyrical showdowns. Hepburn's artistry was a mainstay of the season, and her expertise ensured that every episode was well-handled. From writing interesting verses to ensuring narrative continuity, all was handled by her, so that each battle resonated with profundity, humor, and cultural significance.

Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok (EpicLLOYD, inspired by Travis Fimmel's Vikings character) took on English king Richard the Lionheart (Nice Peter). Hepburn's astute understanding of history made the battle vivid with imagery and harsh juxtapositions between Viking violence and medieval honour. This Rise of Kingdoms-sponsored episode was a demonstration of how well she could balance historical fact and good storytelling.

Amazon's founder, Jeff Bezos (EpicLLOYD), fought Mansa Musa of the Mali Empire (Scru Face Jean), who is considered to be one of the wealthiest men in history. Hepburn's ability to juxtapose new-age entrepreneurship with ancient wealth excelled, spitting bars that were infused with biting criticism and cultural observation. Atul Singh appeared as an Amazon employee, and EpicLLOYD as Captain Kirk (via recycled footage), with the episode being sponsored by NordVPN.

John Wick (Zach Sherwin), John Rambo (Nice Peter), and John McClane (EpicLLOYD) faced off in an epic three-way battle. Her prowess at lyrical agility ensured that each character's distinctive personality and skill set was accurately portrayed, from Wick's finesse to Rambo's brute force and McClane's gritty tenacity. The episode featured Josh Best as Sam Trautman from Rambo and delivered action-packed non-stop energy infused with Hepburn's trademark wit.

Indiana Jones (Nice Peter) and Lara Croft (Croix Provence) engaged in a war of adventure and intellect. Hepburn's writing capabilities set their contrasting approaches to archaeology alive, weaving a rich mosaic of new technology and old-fashioned heroism. Cameos were featured by EpicLLOYD as Mutt Williams, sponsored by ''Raid: Shadow Legends'', and Atul Singh as a swordsman.

Henry Ford, the car legend (Nice Peter), battled with Karl Marx, revolutionary thinker and writer of The Communist Manifesto (EpicLLOYD). Hepburn's comprehensive comprehension of economic and political concerns rendered the lines as provocative as they were engrossing, highlighting the battle between industrial capitalism and socialist principles.

Godzilla (Nice Peter) and King Kong (EpicLLOYD) engaged in a monumental struggle in CGI motion capture. Hepburn's innovative imagination stood out in the poetic battle and introduction of kaiju legend symbols like Rodan, Mothra, and Mechagodzilla. Her cinematic history hobbyism provided an old-school yet fresh atmosphere to the battle.

Donald Trump (EpicLLOYD) and Kamala Harris (Kimberly Michelle Vaughn) engaged in a scorching politicised rap struggle. Hepburn's lyrical brilliance was in full swing, penning incisive commentary and satire that captured the essence of the 2024 United States presidential election. The battle reached its peak with a surprise appearance by Theodore Roosevelt (EpicLLOYD), who returned to mock both candidates, with Nice Peter making an appearance as Joe Biden. Her skillful blending of comedy, criticism, and storytelling richness earned this episode the best up to that point.

== Personal life==
===Family and interests ===
A passionate traveller and nature enthusiast, Hepburn found inspiration in the natural beauty of Austria’s Eisriesenwelt, the world’s largest limestone ice cave. Her environmental commitment extended to ornithology, where she actively participated in conservation efforts to study and protect bird species. Beyond her appreciation for nature, Hepburn was deeply invested in classical music, literature, and sustainable gardening. She frequently attended concerts to support emerging talents, maintained an extensive personal library spanning various genres and cultures, and incorporated eco-friendly practices into her gardening.

As the world's second Hepburn, she combined her unique art style, "Hepburnism," with a deep commitment to continuing Audrey Hepburn's legacy. Her evocative portraits of her lifelong partner symbolise their shared humanitarian vision, while her travels to places like Austria's Eisriesenwelt and ornithological expeditions reflected a love for nature. Dedicated to supporting UNICEF, Hepburn spreaded awareness and encouraged donations through social media, radio stations like BBC Radio Leicester, newspapers like Leicester Mercury, online blogs, and press releases, striving to create a better future for children and the environment.

On September 16, 2024, Hepburn spiritually married Audrey Hepburn in a private ceremony and became "soulmates", formalising a connection that defined her life. This relationship, marked by shared passions and mutual support, was central to Hepburn’s life and remains a poignant part of her legacy. She is survived by three daughters, Phoebe Hepburn (born 2012), Kitty Hepburn (born 2014), and Emma Hepburn (born 2016). Her two stepsons are Sean Hepburn Ferrer (born 1960) and Luca Dotti (born 1970).

===Death and funeral===
On January 11, 2025, Hepburn died from apparent suicide at her home residence in Leicester, England, at the age of 45. Previously suffering from both anxiety and depression, as well as bipolar disorder, she simply could not live a life without [[Audrey Hepburn]] by her side. Hepburn described her soulmate as her guiding light, her strength and stay, and her endless inspiration. On January 20, 2025, Hepburn's body was relocated to Tolochenaz, Switzerland. She was buried beside her wife Audrey in Tolochenaz Cemetery seven hours later.

Musician [[Cam Steady]] paid tribute to Hepburn on X (formally Twitter) stating: ''"My close friend Dove is no longer with us. There has never been somebody so dedicated to supporting her artist family. But her true dream was to pursue her own music career. She didn’t have enough time. Please take the time to remember her as the artist she was."''

===Legacy===
On January 1, 2025, Hepburn was honoured with a damehood for services to mental health awareness, the environment, and charity. On February 3, 2025, Google honoured Hepburn with a Google Doodle celebrating her legacy as music legend and humanitarian, highlighting her contributions to the arts, her humanitarian efforts, and her lifelong dedication to helping others, while including her timeless catchphrases: "Laugh hard. Run fast. Be kind." and "Two sides of the same coin-knowing your projections can help you achieve freedom." On May 20, 2025, Hepburn was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Hepburn was widely regarded by many as the greatest changemaker in history. She was also the founder of the Love Your Freckles movement. She disapproved of freckled individuals of removing freckles through laser surgery, tattooing over freckles, or covering up freckles with makeup.

== Personal life ==
A keen traveller and nature enthusiast, Hepburn became inspired by the natural world's beauty in Austria's Eisriesenwelt, the world's largest limestone ice cave. Her environmental allegiance is further evidenced in ornithology, where she is a hands-on participant in conservation efforts to study and preserve bird life. Apart from her passion for nature, Hepburn is also dedicated to classical music, literature, and sustainable horticulture. She regularly attends concerts to support up-and-coming artists, possesses a large collection of personal books on diverse genres and cultures, and implementes environmentally friendly techniques in gardening. Committed to supporting UNICEF like her soulmate Audrey Hepburn, Hepburn aims to promote awareness and donations through the use of social media, radio stations like ''BBC Radio Leicester'', newspapers like ''Leicester Mercury'', online blogs, and writing press releases, with the aim of creating a more suitable world for children and the planet. She has three daughters, Phoebe (born 2012), Kitty (born 2014), and Emma (born 2016).

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!|Year
!|Award
!|Category
!|Result
!|Recipient(s)
|-
| rowspan="7" |2013|| rowspan="5" |3rd Streamy Awards ||Best Writing: Comedy||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Best Online Musician|| Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Best Original Song||Won||Dove Hepburn ("Steve Jobs vs. Bill Gates")
|-
|Best Music Series ||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Best Use of Fashion & Design||Won || Dove Hepburn
|-
| rowspan="2" |1st YouTube Music Awards||Video of the Year||Won||Dove Hepburn ("Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney")
|-
|Artist of the Year||Won ||Dove Hepburn
|-
| rowspan="5" |2014 || rowspan="5" |4th Streamy Awards||Best Writing||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Music Video||Won ||"Goku vs. Superman"
|-
| Costume Design||Won ||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Editing|| Won || Dove Hepburn
|-
|Collaboration||Won ||Dove Hepburn ("Moses vs. Santa Claus")
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015 || rowspan="4" |5th Streamy Awards||Writing||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Costume Design||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
|Editing||Won || Dove Hepburn
|-
|Collaboration||Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
| rowspan="1" |26th Producers Guild of America Awards|| rowspan="3" |Outstanding Digital Series||Won|| rowspan="3" |Dove Hepburn
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016 ||27th Producers Guild of America Awards || Won
|-
|68th Primetime Emmy Awards||Won
|-
|6th Streamy Awards ||Collaboration|| Won||Dove Hepburn
|-
||2017||69th Primetime Emmy Awards||Outstanding Short Form Variety Series||Won|| Dove Hepburn
|}

== References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://nerdcorepartycon.com/ Official website]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://instagram.com/dovehepburn Hepburn] on Instagram
*[https://tiktok.com/@dovehepburn Hepburn] on TikTok

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hepburn, Dove}}

[[Category:Performers]]

Zines

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Zines are self-published works, generally produced for a small audience and non-commercial purposes. They are often used as forms of personal and political expression by marginalized people and communities, including queer people and feminists.<ref>Fife, Kirsty (2019). "Not for you? Ethical implications of archiving zines". ''Punk & Post Punk''. '''8''' (2): 227–242. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1386/punk.8.2.227_1. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 199233569 – via EBSCOhost.</ref>

Since at least the 1990s, some zinesters have endorsed non-binary understandings of gender in various forms. These include expressing disapproval for binary notions of gender, using or advocating for gender neutral pronouns, or giving accounts of their own non-binary gender identities and/or expressions.

== 1990s ==
In the 1996 transgender zine ''Girly (''issue 5), Mona X asserts that gender is "more like a spectrum" than a binary.<ref>X, Mona. ''Girly'', issue 5. Queer Zine Archive Project. 1996. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/58</ref>

in a 1998 zine titled ''Lucky Star,'' Witch Baby/Jessica Max Stein asserts that-- despite Stein's use of he/him pronouns for God-- God "doesn't fit into that narrow binary conception of things". Stein also includes a "completely true genderqueer Brooklyn Hannukkah story", about meeting a stranger with a pleasing and androgynous voice.<ref>Stein, Jessica Max, writing as Witch Baby. ''Lucky Star.'' Queer Zine Archive Project. Created December 1998. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/175</ref>

In 1999, a zinester named [[Micah Bazant]] created ''TimTum: A Trans Jew Zine'', taking for their title a word used in early rabbinic literature for people of unclear/hidden sex. Noting that "timtum" accumulated pejorative uses over time, including "stupid" and "ineffectual" in Yiddish, Micah intervenes with their own definition, "a sexy, smart, creative, productive Jewish [[genderqueer]]".<ref name=":0">Bazant, Micah. ''TimTum - A Trans Jew Zine''. 1999. Accessed October 22 2024 via Queer Zine Archive Project. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/408</ref> Micah also addresses the binary gender expectations of the reader, imploring them to "Please see me beyond gender. Please know that I don't fit into this stupid fucking system. Please remind me that there have always been people like me. Creatures who are not 'men' or 'women'".<ref name=":0" />

In another zine from 1999, ''Mutate'' (issue 2), creator Milo Miller uses [[ze/hir]] pronouns for a person they dated and bemoans the lack of recent, high-quality zines for "kweer kids of all genders".<ref>Miller, Milo. Mutate issue 2. Published 1999. Accessed via Queer Zine Archive Project. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/166</ref>

== 2000s ==
In an interview from ''Mutate'' (issue 5), Angelique (a member of the band Venus Bleeding), mentions dating a "crossdresser" who was "the sweetest man but a difficult girl". She uses they/them pronouns to refer to her ex, noting that the relationship had problems because "they were still learning about themselves".<ref>Angelique. Interview with Milo Miller. ''Mutate'', issue 5. 2001. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/294</ref> In a piece by Seeley Quest which also appeared in this issue, Quest talks about how sie<ref>"Seeley Quest Biography". Tangled Arts. https://tangledarts.org/about-us/artist/seeley-quest/</ref> enjoys getting read as male and being "difficult to categorize" genderwise.<ref>Quest, Seeley. "The Sexual Underground". In ''Mutate'', issue 5, edited by Milo Miller. 2001. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/294</ref> Sie also expresses a desire for an androgynous body.

Some contributions to a 2001 zine by participants of Camp Trans, a gathering opposing the Michigan Womyn's Musical Festival's gender policies, show a non-binary understanding of gender or discuss gender neutral language. The zine's introductory piece names trans men, trans women, and "other genderqueer folks" as people made unwelcome by the festival's "womyn-born-womyn" policy.<ref>Strikeback, Simon, and Casey. "Welcome to Camp Trans". ''Camp Trans''. 2001. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/563</ref> Another piece mentions alternatives to gendered pronouns such as "s/he" and "hir", which the writer considers awkward and difficult for outsiders to understand, despite their dislike of gendered pronouns.<ref>"pronoun theory". ''Camp Trans''. 2001. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/563</ref> A poem by a contributor named Aaron asserts that despite pressure to settle on one binary gender, the narrator is "both" and "neither".<ref>Aaron. Untitled poem. ''Camp Trans''. 2001. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/563</ref>

In 2005, a short piece called "The End of Genderqueer" appeared in issue 2 of Rocko Bulldagger's zine ''Bleached Blonde Bimbos'', lamenting what the author saw as an exclusionary move away from an expansive and solidaristic definition of "genderqueer" to a narrower definition (not identifying as male or female). She observed that this newer, identity-based scene was only friendly to a small range of gendered embodiments and expressions, generally young, white, masculine female-assigned people who had not "fully" transitioned, conformed to specific fashion trends, and did not use she/her pronouns.<ref>Bulldagger, Rocko. "The End of Genderqueer". From ''Bleach Blonde Bimbos'', vol. 2. 2005. New York City, USA. Accessed via Queer Zine Archive Project on October 22 2024. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/112</ref>

In their 2007 zine ''Queer & Trans Sexual Assault: A Youth Issue'', writer Erin Johnson expressed their distaste for the gender binary, commenting "It has only been recently that I have been redefining my gender identity and recognizing that the binary-gender system is ridiculously constricting and truly a whole load of crap".<ref>Johnson, Erin. ''Queer & Trans Sexual Assault: A Youth Issue''. Santa Barbara. 2007. https://archive.qzap.org/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/15</ref> Johnson includes "genderqueer" and gender neutral pronouns "hir/ze" [sic] as glossary items, mentions that some people describe themselves as "gender neutral" or "genderless", and observes that personal identity is not necessarily static over time.

=== ''Masculine Femininities'' series ===

In 2007, Misster Raju Rage started a series of anthology zines called Masculine Femininities. Rage, who self-identified as an "undefined" and "masculine feminine" trans person of color, offered this description of their sense of gender in issue oneː<ref>Rage, Raju. Masculine Femininities, vol. 1. Uploaded November 19, 2009. https://masculinefemininities.wordpress.com/category/issue-1/ </ref><blockquote>So, as a masculine Trans person who feels feminine; who am I? Male or female? (This is what I get asked a lot directly or indirectly) or, which pronoun do I use? I get ‘she-d’ a lot and very often get confused as a female masculine person, the kind [[Jack Halberstam|Judith Halberstam]] has made famous. But I am NOT. I use capitals not because I dislike the above or want to be disassociated from this but more because I want to be recognised for whom I really am; essentially masculine and yet feminine.</blockquote>The issue also includes writing and art from other gender variant people, including an interview with Rage's collaborator Jin Haritaworn, who described a [[Genderfluid|fluid]] sense of gender and presentationː<ref>Haritaworn, Jin. Interviewed by Misster Raju Rage in ''Masculine Femininities'', issue 1. https://masculinefemininities.wordpress.com/category/issue-1/</ref><blockquote> I identify as a switch, or a pendulum, and my masculinity and femininity are very related. When I present masculine for a while, my femininity comes back with a vengeance (laughs). I get depressed when I feel stuck in one mode. If I present just masculine for too long, I end up feeling grey, lifeless, like all the colour has been drained from my life. You know how boys grunt and move their bodies very sparsely, their shoulders and hips. This is the most, and the longest I have stayed in predominantly masculine mode. There are times I have to remind myself that I am entitled to express myself, express femininity, to switch and change.</blockquote>Contributor Sabri Clay Sky also expressed a fluid sense of gender, and explained his reasons for accepting both he/him and she/her pronounsː<ref>Sky, Sabri Clay.https://masculinefemininities.wordpress.com/category/issue-1/</ref><blockquote>I consider myself genderqueer and can have kind of a feminine masculinity. I’m most comfortable with switching gender pronoun usage, since communities I’m around don’t use gender neutral or all-inclusive genderpronouns. For instance, performing as a drag king, members of the troupe refer to each other as he *or* she. This honours, to me: On one hand, referring to “she” who plays on the women’s (American) football team highlights positively, incorporates, and celebrates the usually ignored/monsterized masculine female into our and the larger culture, such as, but referring to the same person as “he” who brought the flyers for the drag show gives credit to his/her masculinity, and the masculine gender of this person in drag and activities leading up to it. A performer before realizing my gender flux gender identity, I’ve found gender performativity to be very real–very corporeal.</blockquote>

== 2010s ==

== 2020s ==
The anthology zine ''My Gender is [NOT] Human'' includes art and writing exploring how each contributor's [[Otherkin|non-human species identity]] relates to their gender identity, whether or not they see themselves as [[xenogender]].<ref>Nova, editors''. My Gender is [NOT] Human''. https://ruffledgryphon.itch.io/my-gender-is-not-human-zine</ref> Contributors report a wide range of gender identities. Some contributors identify with a binary gender (partially or completely), but feel most comfortable with the physical form and/or behavioral traits associated with creatures of their species identity (e.g. a female bobcat). On the other hand, another contributor identifies as a "she-wolf" and considers this separate from "male" or "female".<ref>Earth Listener from House of Chimaeras. ''My Gender is [NOT] Human'', edited by Nova. https://ruffledgryphon.itch.io/my-gender-is-not-human-zine</ref>

== Collections and Archives ==
The following collections include zines about non-binary experiences of genderː

* Anchor Archive Zine Library<ref>"genderqueer". Anchor Archive Zine Library. https://anchorarchive.org/taxonomy/term/1587{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>"gender pronouns." https://anchorarchive.org/taxonomy/term/2844{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>"non-binary". https://anchorarchive.org/taxonomy/term/3584{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* The Pratt Institute's LGBTQ̘ Zine Collection<ref>"LGBTQ̝ - Zines - Libguides". Pratt Institute. https://libguides.pratt.edu/zines/lgbtq</ref>
* The Queer Zine Archive Project
* Queer Zine Library<ref>"Tag searchː non-binary". Queer Zine Library,https://www.librarycat.org/lib/QueerZineLibrary/search/tag/Non-binary{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

== Works Cited ==

LGBT

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{{Content warning|reclaimed slurs}}

[[File:Malmö Pride (28826883725).jpg|thumb|Pride march in Sweden, 2016, showing a variety of flags representing different LGBT identities. From left to right, some pride flags visible in this photo include the transgender flag (blue, pink, and white), the LGBT flag (rainbow), the [[Wikipedia:Bear flag (gay culture)|International Bear Brotherhood Flag (brown, white, and gray)]], the [[Romantic and sexual orientation#Asexuality|asexual]] flag (purple, white, gray, black), the [[genderqueer flag]] (purple, white, green), transgender flag (blue, pink, white, with added transgender symbol), [[Romantic and sexual orientation#Pansexuality|pansexual]] flag (cyan, yellow, and magenta), and rainbow flag again.]]
'''LGBT''' is short for "[[romantic and sexual orientation#Lesbian|Lesbian]], [[romantic and sexual orientation|Gay]], [[romantic and sexual orientation#Bisexuality|Bisexual]], and [[Transgender]]." It is the most well-known collective term for the community of gender, sex and sexuality minorities. Many towns and universities have LGBT groups for local socialising, networking, and [[activism]].

==Variant and alternative acronyms==

[[File:Gay flag.svg|thumb|Alt=The colours of the LGBT flag in horizontal stripes. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple.|The LGBT rainbow flag, based on the one designed in 1978.]]
The LGBT acronym is sometimes written as LGB, intentionally not including transgender people as part of this group. This can be accurate for resources and groups are only about sexual orientation, not gender identity. Depending on location, LGBT is also sometimes written in a different order: GLBT.

Since the use of the term LGBT became widespread, other identities have gained visibility and been added to the end of LGBT acronym in various combinations. These include: [[Intersex]], [[Pansexual]], [[Asexual]], [[Aromantic]], [[Queer]], [[Questioning]], [[Two-spirit]], and others. This results in a variety of acronyms, such as LGBTQ, LGBTQ2, LGBTIQAP, LGBTQQAP, etc. Since the string of letters can get very long, some writers just imply them by writing a plus sign on the end, such as LGBT+, LGBTQIA+, or LGBTQQAP+. The A, when it is added, can refer to asexual and aromantic, as well as [[agender]]. However, there has been some debate whether the A stands for allies. This comes from the belief that the term "ally" used to describe a closeted LGBT+ community member who wanted to be a part of the community while also protecting themselves from their unsafe or unsupportive environment.

Because the ever-longer acronym can become cumbersome to say, some propose rearranging the letters into different acronyms. Others propose an entirely different acronym that summarizes the commonalities of LGBT+ identities, rather than listing them, such as:

*'''QUILTBAG''' (queer/questioning, undecided, intersex, lesbian, transgender, bisexual, asexual, gay) was among the first proposed alternative acronyms. It was coined by Sadie Lee in 2005.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=QUILTBAG&oldid=59811453 |title=QUILTBAG |access-date=30 July 2021 |date=19 July 2020 |website=Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary}}</ref> Though QUILTBAG is relatively long compared to LGBT, having the acronym be a pronounceable word made it easy to talk about. However this also leads to confusion, as it is not a distinct word. The '''U''' is sometimes stated to stand for "[[List of uncommon nonbinary identities#Unisex|Unisex]]", a type of nonbinary identity.<ref name="medi_Lite">{{Cite web |title=Literary Canon Fodder {{!}} Cardyn Brooks Reviews |author= |work=Media Diversified |date=11 February 2018 |access-date=14 February 2021 |url= https://mediadiversified.org/2018/02/11/literary-canon-fodder-cardyn-brooks-reviews/ |quote=...the absence of any QUILTBAG (Queer, Questioning, Unisex, Undecided, Intersex, Lesbian, Transgender, Bisexual, Asexual, All, Gay) characters...|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322214924/https://mediadiversified.org/2018/02/11/literary-canon-fodder-cardyn-brooks-reviews/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="yapr_Auth">{{Cite web |title=Author Guest Blog: Diversity in YA |author=Suzanne 'Xan' van Rooyen |work=YA Pride |date=22 April 2013 |access-date=14 February 2021 |url= http://www.yapride.org/2013/04/author-guest-blog-diversity-in-ya/ |quote=QUILTBAG stands for queer, unisex, intersex, lesbian, trans, bi, asexual and gay |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207125034/http://www.yapride.org:80/2013/04/author-guest-blog-diversity-in-ya/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
** '''QUILTBANG''' is a variant of this which adds an N for nonbinary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lgbtqandall.com/what-are-the-most-common-acronyms-in-the-lgbtq-community/ |title=What Are The Most Common Acronyms in the LGBTQ+ Community? |date=17 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://seattlepride.org/news/using-inclusive-language |title=Using Inclusive Language | date=14 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gezondheidsnet.nl/seks-en-soas/wat-betekent-lhbtqia|lang=nl|date=4 August 2022|title=Wat betekent LHBTQIA+?|trans-title=What does LGBTQIA+ mean?|access-date=3 May 2025|archive-date=5 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205183018/https://www.gezondheidsnet.nl/seks-en-soas/wat-betekent-lhbtqia|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*'''SAGA''' (Sexual and Gender Acceptance) is among the acronyms that seek to describe the common threads amongst the community, rather than list out all the possible identities. However, like QUILTBAG, it is a word that has a different meaning, which causes confusion. It also can describe an organization, Sexuality and Gender Alliance.

* '''GSM''' (gender and sexuality minorities), or '''GSRM''' (gender, sex, and romantic minorities). Criticisms of this term: This excludes some people it shouldn't, such as [[intersex]] people, whose sex is neither a gender nor a sexuality. This term has been considered harmful because it could include some kinds of people it shouldn't: people who aren't LGBT+, such as [[cisgender]] [[heterosexual]] people who consider themselves "sexuality minorities" because they have unusual sexual fetishes, or even harmful paraphilias such as pedophilia.<ref name="bird">{{cite web|author=Bird|title=About MOGAI and MOGII.|url=http://h0nex.tumblr.com/post/90496652455/about-mogai-and-mogii|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119020133/https://h0nex.tumblr.com/post/90496652455/about-mogai-and-mogii|date=2014|archive-date=19 November 2014}}</ref>

* '''MOGAI''' (marginalized orientations, gender alignments, and intersex), or '''MOGII''' (marginalized orientations, gender identities, and intersex). These terms include intersex people, while excluding people who aren't LGBT+. MOGII is perhaps easier to say, while MOGAI is more accurate (cishet [[Sexes#Dyadic_sexes|perisex]] women have a marginalized gender ''identity'', but their gender aligns with their [[assigned gender at birth]] so they are not a marginalized gender ''alignment'').<ref name="bird" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://trigilis.tumblr.com/post/97895586212/why-ive-started-using-mogai|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226115818/https://trigilis.tumblr.com/post/97895586212/why-ive-started-using-mogai|title=why I’ve started using MOGAI|archive-date=26 December 2019|date=19 September 2014}}</ref> "MOGAI" is said to have been coined by Tumblr user cisphobeofficial circa 2015.<ref name="moga_moga">{{Cite web |title=mogai-archive, mogai, & xenogenders |author=ezgender |work= |date= |access-date=30 July 2021 |url= https://mogai-archive.carrd.co/ |quote=In (approximately) 2015, Tumblr user cisphobeofficial coined the term MOGAI. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612141457/https://mogai-archive.carrd.co/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Though this term seeks to be the most inclusive, it has been criticized by some for the same reasons "GSM" has gained criticism. In some contexts, MOGAI is used to refer only to "newer" or more "niche" identities (such as [[xenogenders]] for example), so you will sometimes see people who are "pro-LGBT and anti-MOGAI" although the latter term technically includes the former. '''IMOGA''' (intersex, marginalized orientations or gender alignments) is a variation of MOGAI mostly used on Tumblr.
** The "opposite" of MOGAI, though not frequently used, is COGAP (Centered Orientations, Gender Alignments, and Perisex).<ref name="lgbt_COGA">{{Cite web |title=COGAP |work=LGBTA Wiki |date=10 March 2021 |url= https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/COGAP |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url= https://archive.fo/bzAdk}}</ref>

* '''LGBTPN''' (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, pansexual, nonbinary) is an alternative created by those who do not include asexual or aromantic people in the community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bihets.tumblr.com/post/161790289892/evilqueerinclusionist-rammstein-borderline |title=PSA: Don’t trust people who use the acronym LGBTPN. |date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.fo/SO8Ny |archive-date=14 February 2021}}</ref>

==Queer==

[[File:Twin Cities Pride Parade (18061984670).jpg|thumb|Pride marchers carrying a banner that says "Queer is hot, war is not." Twin Cities, 2013.]]
Queer is a word with a complex history. Some people choose not to use an acronym such as LGBT, and instead use the word "queer" as a collective term for all identities which are not [[heterosexual]] and/or not [[cisgender]]. "Queer" may also be used for [[Romantic and sexual orientation|orientations]] and [[gender]]s that are difficult to define in more specific terms.

Beginning around the 1980s, the word "queer" began to become a political reclamation. Flyers like one circulated in the 1990 New York Pride Parade proclaimed queer as a word indicative of a rejection of heteronormative standards.<ref>["Published anonymously by Queers"]. 1990. QUEERS READ THIS: A leaflet distributed at pride march in NY. http://www.qrd.org/qrd/misc/text/queers.read.this [https://web.archive.org/web/20230615015513/http://qrd.org/qrd/misc/text/queers.read.this Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

In the early 1990s, the academic discipline of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_theory queer theory] developed. This comes from the use of "queer" as a political statement and a gender stance, which places queerness as against assimilation. The field of queer theory not only looks into LGBT history, but the ramifications of queer theory itself.<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNYlUuvPOQ8C&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false {{dead link}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100358573|title=queer theory|website=Oxford Reference|language=en|doi=10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100358573|access-date=2021-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330151416/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100358573|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

For many people even today, "queer" represents a rejection of assimilation and respectability politics, whereas rejection of the word queer is associated with assimilationist politics. Queer is used by activists that seek broader societal changes that reach the most disenfranchised LGBT people.<ref>Ferry, Nicole C. (2012) [https://journal.jctonline.org/index.php/jct/article/view/368 Rethinking the Mainstream Gay and Lesbian Movement Beyond the Classroom Exclusionary Results from Inclusion-Based Assimilation Politics]. ''Journal of Curriculum Theorizing''. '''28''', (2): 104-117. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207135556/https://journal.jctonline.org/index.php/jct/article/view/368 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Gamson1995">{{cite journal|last1=Gamson|first1=Joshua|title=Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma|journal=Social Problems|volume=42|issue=3|year=1995|pages=390–407|issn=00377791|doi=10.2307/3096854}}</ref>

However, queer is still used as a slur against LGBT people.<ref>''Cassell's Dictionary of Slang,'' 2nd ed (2005), p. 1161.</ref><ref>''The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English'' (2008), p. 792-793.</ref> The degree to which queer is considered offensive varies by region and by generation. In 2011, one blogger, themself queer and genderqueer, called it the slur of choice in the UK among "queer bashers," making it necessary to "fight tooth and nail" for their right to call themself both in the 1990s.<ref name=":0" />

Even so, the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care V7 listed genderqueer as one of many specific terms used by people outside the gender binary in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|author=World Professional Association for Transgender Health|date=2012 |title= Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Conforming People [7<sup>th</sup> Version] |page=96 |url= https://www.wpath.org/publications/soc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306101047/https://www.wpath.org/publications/soc |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In response, [[non-gendered]] activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] spoke against queer being applied to per, calling the use of "[[genderqueer|gender queer]]" in the WPATH standards inappropriate, offensive, and a barrier to mainstream acceptance.<ref>Christie Elan-Cane. November 5, 2011. http://elancane.livejournal.com/9367.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210805230506/https://elancane.livejournal.com/9367.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Others, calling themselves genderqueer, praised the WPATH inclusion as validating their identities, calling Elan-Cane's complaints generational rather than universal.<ref name=":0">Mac. November 7, 2011. http://nonbinary.tumblr.com/post/12475693948/when-umbrella-terms-cause-offence-christie [https://web.archive.org/web/20201030130158/http://nonbinary.tumblr.com/post/12475693948/when-umbrella-terms-cause-offence-christie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

{{Clear}}

==See also==
*[[Romantic and sexual orientation]]
*[[Glossary of English gender and sex terminology]]
*[[Gender binary]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Umbrella Terms]]

Gender neutral language in French

2026-04-06T05:55:23Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{Gender neutral language}}
The French language has two grammatical genders: feminine and masculine. Activists have started seeking solutions to degender the language as much as possible and, therefore, make it more inclusive. These solutions entail neologisms as well as non-neologisms.

==Non-neologisms==
===Refeminization ===
Prior to the 17th century, French, like Italian, Spanish, and other Romance languages, utilized feminine [[wikipedia:Inflection|inflections]] to distinguish female and male professionals. However, for a range of reasons (both societal — such as misogyny<ref name=":1">Becquelin, H. (no data): ''Langage en tout genre. Argument historique''. Article on non discriminating language. University of Neuchâtel. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20231213005251/https://www.unine.ch/epicene/home/pourquoi/argument-historique.html (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref><ref name=":12">Viennot, E. (2023): ''Pour un langage non sexiste ! Les accords égalitaires en français''. Online at: https://www.elianeviennot.fr/Langue-accords.html (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref> — and linguistic<ref name=":2">Moreau, M.-L. (2019): L’accord de proximité dans l’écriture inclusive. Peut-on utiliser n’importe quel argument ? In: Dister, A./ Piron, S. (eds.): ''Les discours de référence sur la langue française (Presses de l’Université Saint-Louis)'', 351–378. 10.4000/books.pusl.26517.</ref>, as French was being standardized and dialect speakers were expected to learn standard French) grammarians ensured that these feminine designations were effectively removed from the language.<ref name=":1" />

Today, many people refer to the contemporary introduction of feminine designations as [https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/23983/banque-de-depannage-linguistique/la-redaction-et-la-communication/feminisation-et-redaction-epicene/synthese-sur-la-feminisation-lexicale-et-la-redaction-epicene ''féminisation''] ('feminization'), believing that these occupational titles are newly coined terms. However, this is not the case, as they are being revived from an earlier iteration of the French language, making ''reféminisation''<ref name=":0">Divergenres (2021): ''Guide de grammaire neutre et inclusive''. Québec. Online at: https://divergenres.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/guide-grammaireinclusive-final.pdf (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref> ('refeminization') a more accurate term.

Refeminization contributes to degendering French, as studies in various languages have demonstrated that [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generisches_Maskulinum generic masculine], despite being considered gender-neutral by French prescriptive grammar ("Selon Le Bon Usage de Maurice Grevisse, l'adjectif se met donc au 'genre indifférencié, c'est-à-dire au masculin'."),<ref name=":3">Alchimy (2017): ''« Le masculin l’emporte sur le féminin » : Bien plus qu’une règle de grammaire''. In: ''Usbek&Rica.''</ref> is not actually cognitively neutral.<ref>Tibblin, J./Van De Weijer, J./Granfeldt, J./Gygax, P. (2023): There are more women in ''joggeur·euses'' than in ''joggeurs'' : On the effects of gender-fair forms on perceived gender ratios in French role nouns. In: ''J. Fr. Lang. Stud.'' ''33'', 28–51. 10.1017/S0959269522000217.</ref><ref>Heise, E. (2003): Auch einfühlsame Studenten sind Männer: Das generische Maskulinum und die mentale Repräsentation von Personen [Even empathic students are men: The generic masculine and the mental representation of persons]. In: ''Verhaltenstherapie & Psychosoziale Praxis 35''(2), 285–291.</ref> By incorporating the feminine form of a word, speakers acknowledge the presence of individuals of more genders than just one,<ref>Schütze, Christin (2020): ''Comprehension of Gender-neutral forms and the pseudo-generic masculine in German: a visual world eye-tracking study – ‘It goes without saying’ that everyone is included?''. Master thesis. University of Potsdam. Available at: https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/48415/file/schuetze_diss.pdf (accessed 2 March 2026).</ref> and the interchangeability of the masculine versus feminine terms as a result of the growing similarity in their [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(Sprachwissenschaft) distributions] contribute to decoupling [[wikipedia:Sex|biological sex]], [https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/thesaurus/terms/1335 social gender/gender position] or [[wikipedia:Gender_identity|gender identity]] (cf. [[wikipedia:Sex_assignment|sex assignment]]) from the specific contexts they tend to be associated with.

{| class="wikitable"
!Masculine
!Feminine by the Académie
!Refeminized
|-
| un auteur
|une auteur(e)
| une autrice
|-
|un professeur
|une professeur(e)
|une professeuse
|-
|un peintre
|une peintre
|une peintresse
|-
|un chirurgien
|une femme chirurgien
|une chirurgienne
|}

===Doublets===
For example, « Nous prions les <u>étudiantes</u> et (les) <u>étudiants</u> de remettre leur copie à la personne responsable ». Some people don't enjoy the repetition,<ref name=":10">OMPI (2022): ''Guide de l’OMPI pour un langage inclusif en français''. Online at: https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/women-and-ip/fr/docs/guidelines-inclusive-language.pdf (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref> others consider that the doublets don't encompass all genders,<ref name=":4">Ménard, J.-S. (2021): ''Pour un français neutre et une inclusion des personnes non binaires : une entrevue avec Florence Ashley''. Longueuil: Cégep Édouard-Montpetit. Online at:https://web.archive.org/web/20231201073105/https://www.cegepmontpetit.ca/static/uploaded/Files/Cegep/Centre%20de%20reference/Le%20francais%20saffiche/Une-entrevue-avec-Florence-Ashley.pdf (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref> others again are unsure which form to mention first, since the order conveys information about the value the speaker gives to each item.<ref>Pascal, G./Boschard, Μ./Cornet, G./Croci, M./Stegmann, N. (2021): ''Les outils - la (re)féminisation. Langage inclusif''. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20231225213750/https://tube.switch.ch/videos/0xwYktNzRp, 00:50 (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref>

===Shortened doublets===
The feminine [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]] gets attached to the masculine suffix, rather than the whole word being repeated (as in classical doublets).<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":4" />

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Middle dot
!Dot
!Parentheses
!Slash
!Dash
|-
|professionnel·les
professionnel·le·s
|acteur.rice
|employé(e)
|chanteur/euse
|boulanger-ère
|}

===Morphologically invariant [https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/gender-specific_noun.htm gender-specific nouns]===
It should be noted that, because French systematically derives its agent nouns through the addition of gender-marked suffixes, it lacks the true [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_gender common-gender nouns], i. e. ''[https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Utrum Utrum]'' (cf. also [[wikipedia:English_nouns|dual-gender nouns]]), found in English.

Some examples of morphologically — but not syntactically — invariant gender-specific nouns in French
{| class="wikitable"
|+Morphologically invariant gender-specific nouns
!indefinite article
!definite article
!Example of usage
!Commentary
|-
|un·e élève
|l'élève
|« <u>Les élèves</u> apprennent leur leçon. »
|''élève'', starting with a vowel, stays morphologically epicene when combined with the singular definite article (''la'' and ''le'' becoming shortened to ''l''' if followed by a vowel)
|-
|un·e enfant
|l'enfant
|« <u>L'enfant</u> regarde la télévision. »
|''id''.
|-
|un·e artiste
|l'artiste
|« <u>Les</u> art<u>istes</u> perdent leur travail. »
|Notice the epicene agentive suffix [https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-iste -iste].
|-
|un·e juge
|le/la juge
|« <u>Les juges</u> ont pris leur décision. »
|''juge'', starting with a consonent, can only stay morphologically epicene in combination with the plural — all epicene, by the way —articles.
|-
|un·e destinataire
|le/la destinataire
|« <u>Les</u> destinat<u>aires</u> ne recevront pas leur colis à temps. »
|Notice the epicene agentive suffix [https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/-aire -aire].
|}
As singular [[wikipedia:Article_(grammar)|articles]] indicate gender ('la' and 'le'), this technique works best with plural forms. However, it also works with singular forms if the noun begins with a vowel, because the article automatically becomes ''l''', which does not express gender. A drawback is that there are not morphologically invariant occupational titles for all professions or functions in regards to [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gender natural gender], i. e. [https://www.plus.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Gender_in_German_MWerner.pdf ''Sexus''], "a linguistic category for the sex of real life beings, both the biological sex of animals or the social identity of a person."<ref>"Natural Gender". ''Wikipedia. Simple English: The Free Encyclopedia'', Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., Last Modified Date: 14 March 2024, URL: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gender. Accessed 20 March 2026.</ref>

In certain Swiss-French varieties, as in the canton of Vaud, masculine and feminine words ending in <é> resp. <ée> are pronounced differently (e. g., ''une employée'' [ynɑ̃plwaj<u>e:</u>]/[ynɑ̃plwaj<u>e:j</u>] vs. ''un employé'' [ɛ̃nɑ̃plwaj<u>e</u>]/[œ̃nɑ̃plwaj<u>e</u>]). However, this linguistically conservative pronunciation is becoming increasingly marginal: it is primarily confined to Switzerland and, in major cities and among younger generations, the pronunciation is gradually converging with the standard French norm, meaning that the distinction between /e/ and /e:/ (or /e:j/, remnant from [[wikipedia:Franco-Provençal|Franco-Provençal dialects]] spoken in the region before linguistic homogenization) is being [[wikipedia:Neutralization_(linguistics)|neutralized]], resulting in a single phoneme /e/ and causing ''employé'' and ''employée'' to be pronounced identically. As a result, here, these words are considered orally indistinguishable.

=== Fixed-gender [[wikipedia:Epicenity|epicenes]] and [[wikipedia:Collective_noun|collective nouns]] ===
While human collective nouns — such as ''l'auditoire'' ('the audience') or ''le public'' ('the public')— inherently carry the semantic feature [+human], their relationship to natural gender/''Sexus'' diverges from that of individual personal nouns. Unlike fixed-gender epicenes (e.g., ''la sentinelle'', 'the sentry'), where a specific individual referent does indeed posses a gender/''Sexus'' that the noun's morphology simply ignores (rendering the form ''Sexus''-independent), collective nouns denote a macro-entity. In formal semantics, a multitude functioning as a single constituent does not inherently possess a natural gender. Thus, in collective nouns, the semantic feature of ''Sexus'' is not merely omitted, but is rather structurally completely absent (∅). In this respect, human collective nouns operate similarly to [[wikipedia:Animacy|inanimate]] objects (e.g., ''la chaise'', 'the chair'): they are assigned a [[wikipedia:Grammatical_gender|grammatical gender]]/''Genus'', but the semantic category of natural gender/Sexus is inherently inapplicable to them.

To classify the grammatical strategies for making French more gender-inclusive or gender-neutral, we need to distinguish between:

# '''''Sexus''-applicable nouns referring to animates'''
## '''Gender-specific nouns'''
### '''morphologically gendered nouns''', where the noun gets its ''Sexus''-specification through derivation from gender-marked agentive affixes (compare ''acteur'' vs. ''actrice'').
### '''lexically gendered nouns''', where the ''Sexus''-specification is inherent to the [[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]] (compare ''sœur'', 'sister', or: ''mec'', 'dude')
## '''Fixed-gender epicene nouns''', where the natural gender/''Sexus'' of the agent noun gets "overwritten" by grammatical gender/''Genus'' (''cf''.
# '''''Sexus''-inapplicable nouns referring to animates'''
## Collective nouns

This distinction is tripartite, comprising Sexus-dependent, Sexus-independent, and Sexus-inapplicable nouns, which underpins the morphological oppositions presented in the two following tables.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Individual ''versus'' collective nouns<ref name=":11" />
!Gender-specific nouns (''Sexus'') '''<small>morphologically gendered nouns</small>'''
!Collective nouns (''Genus'')
|-
|'''Les auditrices et auditeurs''' sont attentifs.
|'''L'auditoire''' est attentif.
|-
|'''Les spectateurs et spectatrices''' sont très calmes aujourd'hui.
|'''Le public''' est très calme aujourd'hui.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Monogender nouns<ref name=":11" />
!Gender-specific nouns (''Sexus'') <small>lexically gendered nouns</small>
!Fixed-gender epicenes (''Genus'') <small>Sexus-independent</small>
|-
|Je ne connais pas '''cet homme'''.
|Je ne connais pas '''cette personne'''.
|-
|'''La mère''' de Jo ne parle pas le néerlandais.
|'''Le parent''' de Jo ne parle pas le néerlandais.
|}

===Proximity agreement===
Up until the 18th century, the masculine gender did not always take precedence over the feminine in instances where the genders could theoretically be congruent: proximity<ref>EPFL (2023): ''L’accord de proximité''. Online at:https://www.epfl.ch/about/equality/fr/langage-inclusif/guide/principes/accord/ (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref> and free-choice agreement coexisted alongside the masculine-over-feminine rule.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":2" /> For a significant portion of Old French history, [[wikipedia:Agreement_(linguistics)|proximity agreement]] was the most prevalent method for agreeing adjectives, past participles, etc. (cf. Anglade 1931:172).<ref>Anglade, J. (1931): ''Grammaire élémentaire de l'ancien français''. Paris: Armand Colin, 157–196.</ref> Today, this agreement could facilitate gender equality in grammar instead of the masculine-over-feminine hierarchy that was suggested in the 17th and 18th century by French grammarians such as Malherbe, Vaugelas, Bouhours and Beauzée:<blockquote>« Le genre masculin, étant le plus noble, doit prédominer toutes les fois que le masculin et le féminin se trouvent ensemble. » (Claude Favre de Vaugelas, ''Remarques sur la langue français''e, 1647).<ref name=":1" />

« Lorsque les deux genres se rencontrent, il faut que le plus noble l’emporte. » (Bouhours 1675).<ref name=":3" />

« Le genre masculin est réputé plus noble que le féminin à cause de la supériorité du mâle sur la femelle. » (Beauzée 1767).<ref name=":3" /></blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Masculine-prevails-over-feminine rule
!Proximity agreement
|-
|Ces œillets et ces roses sont '''beaux'''.
|Ces œillets et ces roses sont '''belles'''.
|-
| Les '''nombreux''' filles et garçons.
| Les '''nombreuses''' filles et garçons.
|}

==Neologisms==

=== Methodological Note ===
In the accompanying tables, the most widely adopted neologisms are italicized. Unless explicitly noted and justified within the text, all neologisms and morphological rules discussed in this article are attested across French-speaking online communities and digital platforms. A comprehensive inventory of these primary sources is provided in the "Main Resources" section at the end of this article.

===[[wikipedia:Personal_pronoun|Personal pronouns]]===
Regarding its [[wikipedia:Pronoun|pronouns]], French only distinguishes gender in the third-person (e.g.: 'elle', 'la', 'eux', etc.).

====[[wikipedia:Subject_pronoun|Subject pronouns]]====
Up until the 12th century, French knew the neutral subject pronoun 'el'/'al'.<ref>Marchello-Nizia, C. (1989): Le neutre et l’impersonnel. In: ''Linx'' ''21'', 173–179. 10.3406/linx.1989.1139.</ref> Today, 'el' cannot be reintroduced from Old French as it would sound identical to 'elle', the current feminin subject pronoun. As for 'al', it sounds like 'elle' in spoken Canadian French.<ref name=":5">Ashley, F. (2019): Les personnes non-binaires en français : une perspective concernée et militante. In: ''H-France Salon'' ''11''(14).</ref> It could, however, still be a viable option for the rest of the Francophone community.<ref name=":13">Alpheratz (2018): ''Genre neutre.TABLEAUX RÉCAPITULATIFS de mots de genre neutre (extraits)''. Online at: https://www.alpheratz.fr/linguistique/genre-neutre/ (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> Nowadays, according to the ''Guide de rédaction inclusive'' (2021:14) from the Laval University,<ref name=":11">Université Laval (2021): ''Guide de rédaction inclusive''. Online at: https://www.ulaval.ca/sites/default/files/EDI/Guide_redaction_inclusive_DC_UL.pdf (retrieved 12.12.2023).</ref> the ''Guide de grammaire neutre et inclusive'' (2021:5) from Divergenres,<ref name=":0" /> the ''Petit dico de français neutre/inclusif'' (2018) from La vie en Queer,<ref name=":6">La vie en Queer (2018): ''Petit dico de français neutre/inclusif''. Online at: https://lavieenqueer.wordpress.com/2018/07/26/petit-dico-de-francais-neutre-inclusif/ (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> and Wiki Trans (2019),<ref name=":7">Wiki Trans (2019): ''Comment parler d'une personne non binaire ?'' Online at: https://wikitrans.co/2019/12/25/comment-parler-dune-personne-non-binaire/ (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> the most widely adopted subject (neo)pronoun is 'iel(le)'. It was added to the prestigious dictionary ''Le Robert'' in 2021.<ref>Radio Télévision Suisse (2021): ''L'entrée du pronom "iel" dans Le Robert provoque des remous''. Online at: https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/12651159-lentree-du-pronom-iel-dans-le-robert-provoque-des-remous.html (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> Alongside 'iel(le)', Canadian French also seems to use 'ille'.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> In metropolitan France, the pronoun 'al', proposed by linguist Alpheratz in their book ''Grammaire du français inclusif'' (2018), has gained some recognition. The table below presents the primary gender-neutral subject pronouns found in the French-speaking world.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
! colspan="3" |gender-neutral subject pronouns
|-
!Dominant usage
|''iel''(le) <small>[jɛl]</small>
|ille <small>[ij]</small><ref name=":5" />
| al
|-
! Peripheral usage
|ol
|ul
|ael
|}

====[[wikipedia:Object_pronoun|Object pronouns]]: [[wikipedia:Clitic|clitics]] and [[wikipedia:Disjunctive_pronoun|tonic pronouns]]====
French distinguishes between clitic and tonic object pronouns. A clitic is a word that attaches in a [[wikipedia:Syntax|syntactically]] rigid way to another word to form a [[wikipedia:Prosody_(linguistics)|prosodic]] unit with it, lacking prosodic as well as [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribution_(Sprachwissenschaft) distributional] autonomy.<ref name=":8">Michel, L./Levet, D. (2017): ''La catégorie de la personne''. Saint-Denis: MSH Paris Nord. Online at: https://web.ac-reims.fr/casnav/enfants_nouv_arrives/aide_a_la_scolarisation/LGIDF/LGIDF.LA%20PERSONNE.02.03.17.pdf (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> Currently, there is no prevailing gender-neutral clitic direct object personal pronoun; the most common ones are detailed below.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Clitic pronouns
!Subject
! Direct object
!Indirect object
|-
|il
| le, (l')
|lui
|-
|elle
|la, (l')
|lui
|-
|<u>iel</u>
|
* <u>''lae''</u> <small>[lae]</small>
* lea <small>[ləa]</small>
* <u>lo</u>
* <u>lan</u><ref>Wiki LGBTQIA FR (2021): ''Al/lan''. Online at: https://lgbtqia.fandom.com/fr/wiki/Al/lan (retrieved 11.01.2024).</ref>
* <u>li</u>
* <u>lu</u>
* <u>lia</u>
* <u>l'</u> <small>(standard French clitic used when the direct object precedes words that start with a vowel)</small>
|<u>lui</u>
|-
|ils
|les
|leur
|-
|elles
|les
|leur
|-
|<u>iels</u>
|<u>les</u>
|<u>leur</u>
|}
Tonic pronouns are also called 'autonomous' because, in opposition to clitics, they form their own prosodic unit and can stand alone in the sentence, hence their distribution is not as fixed as the clitics' one.<ref name=":8" /> There are currently two competing systems:<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>Spencer-Hall, A./Gutt, B. (eds)(2021): ''Trans and Genderqueer Subjects in Medieval Hagiography''. Amsterdam University Press. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1ks0cj4.

French cultural and linguistic translation from Maillet C. online at: https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88291459/Maillet_Trad_Terminologie_20pour_20les_20e_3Ftudes_20trans_20et_20non_20binaire_2021-libre.pdf?1657042694=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DTerminologie_pour_les_etudes_trans_et_no.pdf&Expires=1704980549&Signature=aHUqRbpWbQ8K1jtiqQoQV6cgYM~YTcaZmgDhb8U2KTMDILHd8PhO9peeR0SLWNPOlX5RCo1E7aQcCdQzxBeyKmzPDgp9QbYArmWmHSmtOH-QZRUvrjeFeEZSp6qzmIGyZD3ebRNlOH5aMrJViI1eQ32o53Bw2ghAge~D9upEEx~KXPQe9FIUArfFQo0ylInGK9jqh-OM60Qz2pXRc8llTJ3ovtnVPiL2cu2l1mcfBODJyb~IZZZ1MPczrVu-79y1RjeMr8f5BGtMbRD5nv8jtmLex6vWmIl1svtYZTpOaFPy8LwWBa70VogboWPqfAoOL1~CDZPuhlGuDmDErNknDA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (retrieved 11.01.2024).</ref> one consists in [[wikipedia:Syncretism_(linguistics)|syncretizing]] (cf. [[wikipedia:Morphological_leveling|analogical levelling]])<ref name=":9">Campbell, L. (1998): ''Historical Linguistics. An Introduction''. First ed. Cambridge/Massachusetts: The MIT Press.</ref> clitic and tonic pronouns, following the paradigm of standard French 'elle', which equates keeping the gender-neutral subject pronoun — be it 'iel', 'ille', 'al' or 'ol', etc. — as such; the other approach, exemplified in the table below with 'iel', supports differentiating (cf. analogical extension)<ref name=":9" /> clitics from tonic pronouns, thereby aligning with the paradigm of 'il'.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Analogical extension
!Clitic subject pronoun
!Tonic pronoun
|-
|il
|lui
|-
| elle
|elle
|-
|<u>'''iel'''</u>
|'''<u>''ellui''</u> <small>[ɛllɥi]</small>'''
|-
| ils
|eux
|-
|elles
|elles
|-
|<u>'''iels'''</u>
|'''<u>''elleux''</u> <small>[ɛllø]</small>'''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Analogical levelling
!Clitic subject pronoun
!Tonic pronoun
|-
|il
|lui
|-
|elle
|elle
|-
|<u>'''iel'''</u>
|'''<u>iel</u>(le) <small>[jɛl]</small>'''
|-
|ils
|eux
|-
|elles
|elles
|-
|<u>'''iels'''</u>
|'''<u>iels(/ielles)</u> <small>[jɛl]</small>'''
|}

==== [[wikipedia:Indefinite_pronoun|Indefinite pronouns and adjectives]] ====
Semantically, many indefinite pronouns (such as ''chacun'' or ''quelqu'un'') share the [+human] trait of personal pronouns, functioning essentially as unspecified human referents. However, because they are quantificational rather than referential, they lack a specific natural gender/''Sexus''. Consequently, enforcing binary grammatical gender (''Genus'') on these forms forces a specific morphological marker onto an inherently unspecified referent, invariably defaulting to the masculine generic in standard French.
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!aucun·e
|aucun <small>[ok<u>œ̃</u>]/[ok<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|aucune <small>[oky<u>n</u>]</small>
|aucueune <small>[ok<u>œn</u>]</small>
|''aucan'' <small>[okɑ̃]/[okan]</small>
|-
!chacun·e
|chacun <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃</u>/[ʃak<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|chacune <small>[ʃaky<u>n</u>]</small>
|chacueune <small>[ʃak<u>œn</u>]</small>
|''chacan'' <small>[ʃakɑ̃]/[ʃakan]</small>
|-
!certain·e
|certain <small>[sɛʁt<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|certaine <small>[sɛʁtɛ<u>n</u>]</small>
|
|''certan'' <small>[sɛʁtɑ̃]/[sɛʁtan]</small>
|-
!tout·e
|tout
|toute
|
|toude
|-
!tous/toutes
|tous
|toutes
|''toustes,'' touts <small>[tuts]</small>
|
|-
!quelqu'un·e
|quelqu'un <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃</u>]/[kɛlk<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|quelqu'une <small>[kɛlky<u>n</u>]</small>
|quelqu'eune <small>[kɛlk<u>œn</u>]</small>
|quelqu'an <small>[kɛlkɑ̃]/[kɛlkan]</small>
|}
The indefinite pronoun 'quelqu'une' is extremely rare in modern French and its pendant 'quelqu'un' does not seem to be perceived as masculine by native French speakers,<ref>Liam (2023): Coming out day. 11.10.2023. Mon vécu de coming out. In: ''ekivock.nb'' (Instagram account). Online at: https://www.instagram.com/p/CyP-j_Tobbj/?img_index=3.</ref> thus it is not clear how essential the degendering of this pronoun is.

===Determiners===

==== Grammatical note ====
Unlike articles, demonstrative or possessive adjectives, pronouns aren't technically determiners. For readability reasons, and because they form a relatively small paradigm compared to their corresponding adjectives, they're included in the determiners category because they're thematically coppled with the respective (demonstrative or possessive) adjectives.

====Indefinite and definite article====
In the discourse surrounding gender-inclusive language in French, the distinction between compounds that [[wikipedia:Portmanteau|blend]] or [[wikipedia:Concatenation|concatenate]] gender-marked [[wikipedia:Agent_nouns|agentive suffixes]] (e.g.: ''direct<u>eur</u>'''ice''''') ''versus'' lexical (e.g.: ''sœur'' and ''frère'' → ''adelphe'') and morphological [[wikipedia:Lexical_substitution|substitutions]] (→ cognitive approach) respectively [[wikipedia:Morphological_derivation|morphological derivations]] (→ structural approach), such as the epicene derivation 'direct<u>aire</u>', are usually referred to as ''inclusif'' vs. ''neutre'' in queer-positive communities.

However, the concatenation of gender-marked agentive suffixes adds the missing gender, i.e. natural gender/''Sexus'' [[wikipedia:Sememe|sememe]] to the given [[wikipedia:English_nouns|personal noun]], turn [[wikipedia:Agent_noun|agent nouns]] from single-gender personal noun to dual-gender masculine/feminine personal noun.<ref name=":0" /> Accordingly, they could theoretically be cognitively interpreted as neutral, to the extent that these forms could theoretically be cognitively processed as genderneutral, i. e. ''neutre''. Because the use of these neologisms remains peripheral in spoken French, psycholinguistic research has yet to disconfirm this possibility.

Conversely, agent nouns categorized as ''neutre'' — such as epicene derivations (e.g., ''coiffaire'', which attaches the gender-unspecific suffix ''-aire'' to a verbal root) or lexical substitutions (e.g., ''Monestre'', 'Mx'), as discussed higher — are inherently inclusive of all genders, making the label ''inclusif'' equally applicable to them. The pragmatic interchangeability of these labels renders them inadequate for differentiating the morphological mechanisms used to generate gender-inclusive neologisms in French. For this reason, the following table categorizes these strategies based on their structural properties — blend words being more [[wikipedia:Analytic_language|analytic]], and non blend words (epicene derivations; lexical substitions) being more [[wikipedia:Synthetic_language|synthetic]].

In the following tables, the most widely adopted gender-inclusive forms are italicized. Beyond these specific instances, the majority of the forms presented have not achieved widespread currency in everyday usage. Consequently, the tables function primarily as an inventory of morphological proposals for the gender neutralization of French, highlighting the neologisms that have gained the most traction among inclusive language advocates, and LGBTQ+ communities in the Francophone world.

The underlining within the IPA transcriptions carries no phonetic or phonological significance. Rather, it is employed strictly as a visual heuristic to isolate the specific phonetic segments from the source feminine and masculine forms that have been integrated into these analytically constructed neologisms.
[[File:Vowel trapezium for standard French.png|alt=IPA vowel trapezium for standard French|thumb|IPA vowel trapezium for standard French]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+Articles
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!Indefinite article
|un <small>[<u>œ̃</u>]/[ɛ̃]</small>
|une <small>[y<u>n</u>]</small>
|eune <small>[<u>œn</u>]</small>
|''an'' <small>[ɑ̃]/[an]</small>
|-
!Definite article
|le
|la
|''lae'' <small>[lae]</small>, lea <small>[ləa]</small>
|''lo'', li, lu, lia
|}'an' is quite common, particularly in the [ɑ̃] pronunciation, where it shares a core feature with 'un': both consist solely of a nasal vowel. 'eune' [œn] combines the roundedness and degree of aperture of 'un' [œ̃] with the terminal nasal consonant [n] of 'une'. In metropolitan French, where 'un' is typically pronounced as [ɛ̃], 'eune' shares a phonetic characteristic with 'une' through the final [n], and one with 'un' through the similar degree of aperture of their vocalic nucleus.

A drawback of 'an' pronounced as [ɑ̃] is its nasality, a factor known for making vowels challenging to distinguish and learn, even for native French speakers.<ref>Sicard, E./Menin-Sicard, A./Rousteau, G. (2022): ''Oppositions de voyelles orales et nasales : identification des formants selon le genre''. INSA Toulouse: ffhal-03826558v2f.</ref> Consequently, [ɑ̃] might be perceived as a mispronunciation of 'un' or simply not distinct enough from 'un' to be recognized as a different morpheme.

Accordingly, regarding the morphing resp. non-morphing of the definite article with the prepositions 'de' and 'à', we'd have 'à lae' and 'de lae'.

====[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|Demonstrative]] adjective====
{| class="wikitable"
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
!Plural
|-
|ce/cet
|cette
|
|cèd
|ces
|}
La vie en Queer proposes 'cet', which sounds the same as the feminine 'cette'; Divergenres retains 'cèx', but notes that it sounds like the word 'sexe'. A third possibility would be to voice resp. to devoice the final consonant of the feminine word, for instance turning [t] to [d], or [g] to [k]. This would allow the word to remain easily recognizable while being distinct from both the masculine and the feminine forms. This approach would be advantageous in regards to minimizing misunderstandings and memorization effort.

==== [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|Demonstrative]] pronouns ====
{| class="wikitable"
!
! Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!Singular
|celui <small>[səl<u>ɥi</u>]</small>
|celle <small>[s<u>ɛl</u>]</small>
|''cellui'' <small>[s<u>ɛl</u><u>ɥi</u>]</small>
|ciel <small>[sjεl]</small>
|-
!Plural
|ceux <small>[s<u>ø</u>]</small>
|celles <small>[s<u>ɛl</u>]</small>
|''celleux'' <small>[s<u>ɛl</u><u>ø</u>]</small>
|ciels <small>[sjεl]</small>, ceuxes <small>[søks]</small>
|}

==== <big>Possessives</big> ====

===== Possessives adjectives =====
{| class="wikitable"
!
! Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!1SG
|mon
|ma
|''maon'' <small>[maõ]</small>
|''man'' <small>[mɑ̃]/[man]</small>, mo, mi(ne), la/le mian <small>[mjɑ̃]</small>
|-
!2SG
|ton
|ta
|''taon'' <small>[taõ]</small>
|''tan'' <small>[tɑ̃]/[tan]</small>, to, ti(ne)
|-
!3SG
|son
|sa
|''saon'' <small>[saõ]</small>
|''san'' <small>[sɑ̃]/[san]</small>, so, si(ne)
|}
The possessive adjectives 'mon', 'ton', and 'son', which are generally masculine, are also used as feminine possessive adjectives when combined with a feminine noun that begins (phonetically) with a vowel: 'mon amie', 'ton employée', 'son hôtesse', etc. Therefore, there is no need to use a possessive neologism in words starting with vowels, as the masculine and feminine gender are syncretized in this context.

The pronunciation [sɑ̃] of 'san' is a homophone of 'sang' ('blood'). Alpheratz proposes 'mu(n)', 'tu(n)', 'su(n)'<ref name=":13" /> as synthetic forms. However, 'tu(n)' is a homophone of the subject pronoun 'tu', and <nowiki><u> — i. e. [y] — is a linguistically marked phone</nowiki>.<ref>Rice, K. (2007): Markedness in phonology. In: ''The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology'', 79–98. 10.1017/cbo9780511486371.005.</ref><ref>Carvalho, J. (2023): From binary features to elements: Implications for markedness theory and phonological acquisition. In: ''Radical: A Journal of Phonology'' ''3'', 346–384.</ref> Alternative forms could be 'mi(ne)', 'ti(ne)', 'sine', as only the roundness parameter (cf. [y] and [i] in the IPA) distinguishes them from the original neologisms suggested by Alpheratz. 'si(ne)' could be pronounced with an '-ne' ending to avoid homophony with 'si' (i. e. 'if'). Similar-sounding possessives can be found in Spanish ('mi'), in English ('my'), in Swedish ('min', 'din', 'sin', the last one being a gender-neutral reflexive possessive pronoun),<ref>Duolingo Wiki: ''Swedish Skills. Possessives''. Online at:https://duolingo.fandom.com/wiki/Swedish_Skill:Possessives (18.12.2023).</ref> in Norwegian,<ref>Norwegian University of Science and Technology (no data): ''8 Grammar. Possessives''. Online at: https://www.ntnu.edu/now/8/grammar (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref> in Swiss-German,<ref>Klaudia, K. (2017): ''Schweizerdeutsch. Schlüssel zu den Übungen.'' Online at: https://silo.tips/download/schweizerdeutsch-schlssel-zu-den-bungen (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref> and in other Germanic languages. As 60% of of humans are multilingual,<ref>McGibney, S. (2023): ''What Percentage of the World’s Population is Bilingual? Introduction to Bilingualism: Exploring the Global Language Diversity''. Online at: https://www.newsdle.com/blog/world-population-bilingual-percentage (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref> cross-linguistic influence could be used to facilitate the memorization and adoption of neologisms.<ref>Van Dijk, C./Van Wonderen, E./Koutamanis, E./Kootstra, G.J./Dijkstra, T./Unsworth, S. (2022): Cross-linguistic influence in simultaneous and early sequential bilingual children: a meta-analysis. In: ''J. Child Lang.'' ''49'', 897–929. 10.1017/S0305000921000337.</ref><ref>Van Dijk, C./Dijkstra, T./Unsworth, S. (2022): Cross-linguistic influence during online sentence processing in bilingual children. In: ''Bilingualism'' ''25'', 691–704. 10.1017/S1366728922000050.</ref>

===== Possessive pronouns =====
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!Singular
|le mien <small>[lə mj<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|la mienne <small>[la mjɛ<u>n</u>]</small>
|lae mienn <small>[lae mj<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>
|lo ''miem''
|-
!Plural
|les miens <small>[le mj<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|les miennes <small>[le mjɛ<u>n</u>]</small>
|les mienns <small>[le mj<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>
|les ''miems''
|}
Currently, there is no established combination of definite article and possessive pronoun. In this table, the definite article "lae" is simply paired with the possessive pronoun "mienn" for morphological reasons, as both words are of the analytic gender-neutral type. This also applies to the definite article "lo" and the possessive pronoun "miem", both of which are of the synthetic type.

Nota bene: Germanic languages encode the gender of the possessor in their third person singular — Romance languages do not. Only the gender of the possessed object is marked through flexion.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Grammatical note on English versus French possessives
!English
!French
!''Genus'' of possessed object
|-
|That's '''her''' bike. That's '''hers'''.
|C'est '''son''' vélo. C'est '''le sien'''.
|le vélo (masculine)
|-
|That's '''her''' car. That's '''hers'''.
|C'est '''sa''' voiture. C'est '''la sienne'''.
|la voiture (feminine)
|-
|That's '''his''' cake. That's '''his'''.
|C'est '''son''' gâteau. C'est '''le sien'''.
|le gâteau (masculine)
|-
|That's '''his''' watch. That's '''his'''.
|C'est '''sa''' montre. C'est '''la sienne'''.
|la montre (feminine)
|-
|That's Avery. '''Their'''[sing.] favorite dish is pizza. It's '''theirs'''.
|Ça, c'est Avery. '''Son''' plat préféré, c'est la pizza. C'est '''le sien'''.
|le plat (masculine)
|-
|That's Avery. '''Their'''[sing.] house is green. It's '''theirs'''.
|Ça, c'est Avery. '''Sa''' maison est verte. C'est '''la sienne'''.
|la maison (feminine)
|}

===Nouns and adjectives ===
Words such as 'professionnel' and 'professionnelle', which are orally epicene and, thus, indistinguishable in speech, are not included; the use of their shortened doublet form enables inclusivity and gender-neutrality in written language.

==== Endings from Latin '-or' and '-rix'====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Endings from Latin '-or' and '-rix'
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-eur/-euse
|enquêteur
|enquêteuse
|''enquêteureuse''
|enquêtaire
|-
!-eur/-rice
|acteur
|actrice
|''acteurice''
|actaire
|-
!-eur/-_resse<sup>1</sup>
|docteur
|doct<u>o</u>resse<ref>Doctoresse Joséphine Tornay. Online at: https://cm-latour.ch/team/josephine-tornay-medecine-interne-generale/ (retrieved 18.12.2023). 'Doctoresse' is a very common Swiss French denomination for female doctors.</ref>
|''docteuresse''
|doctaire
|-
!-eur/-_resse<sup>2</sup>
|enchanteur
| enchant<u>e</u>resse
|''enchanteuresse''
|enchantaire
|-
!-e/-esse
|maître
|maîtresse
|maîtré/maîtrè (or maîtræ)
|maîtrexe
|-
!-ard/-asse
|connard
|connasse
|connarsse
|connarde
|}
The analytic gender-neutral forms derived from words that originate from Latin '-or' and '-rix' are already being used,<ref name=":14">Viennot, E. (2023): ''Pour un langage non sexiste ! Acteurice, visiteureuse... Des néologismes de plus en plus employés''. Online at: https://www.elianeviennot.fr/Langue-mots.html (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref> although they have not been officially recognized by any French dictionary yet. Some podcasts where you can hear them are ''Les Couilles sur la table'', ''Parler comme jamais'' and ''Papatriarcat''.

Synthetic gender-neutral forms have the advantage of preserving the original syllable number of the word, making them less cumbersome than analytic forms. Moreover, the '-aire' suffix does already exist in contemporary French, forming epicene nouns like 'un·e destinataire', 'un·e secrétaire', 'un·e volontaire', 'un·e bibliothécaire', etc. However, several psycholinguistic studies conducted in French<ref>Brauer, M./Landry, M. (2008): Un ministre peut-il tomber enceinte? L'impact du générique masculin sur les représentations mentales. In: ''L'Année Psychol''. ''108'', 243–272. 10.4074/S0003503308002030.</ref><ref>Xiao, H./Strickland, B./Peperkamp, S. (2023): How fair is gender-fair language? Insights from gender ratio estimations in French. In: ''J. Lang. Soc. Psychol''. ''42'', 82–106. 10.1177/0261927X221084643.</ref> and in German<ref>Stahlberg, D./Sczesny, S./Braun, F. (2001): Name your favorite musician: effects of masculine generics and of their alternatives in German. In: ''J. Lang. Soc. Psychol''. ''20'', 464–469. 10.1177/0261927X01020004004.</ref> have found that "gender-unmarked forms are not fully effective in neutralizing the masculine bias"<ref name=":15">Spinelli, E./Chevrot, J.-P./Varnet, L. (2023): Neutral is not fair enough: testing the efficiency of different language gender-fair strategies. In: ''Front. Psychol.'' ''14.'' 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1256779.</ref> and that "contracted double forms [such as acteur·ice] are more effective in promoting gender balance compared to gender-unmarked forms."<ref name=":15" /> Regarding this issue, specifically, analytic gender-neutral forms could then be a more effective solution than synthetic ones.

====Endings with '-x' in the masculine====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Endings from latin '-ōsus'<ref>CNRTL (2012): ''-EUX, élément formant''. Online at: https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/-eux (retrieved 15.12.2023).</ref>
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
! -eux/-euse
|amoureux
|amoureuse
|amoureuseux
|amoureuxe [amuʁøks]
amoureusse
amouré·e
|-
!-eux/-esse
|dieu
|déesse
|dieuesse, dieusse
|dieuxe
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Endings with '-x' (♂︎) and '-[s]' (♀︎)
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-x/-sse
|roux
|rousse
|
|rouxe
|-
!-x/-ce
|doux
|douce
|
|douxe
|}
The synthetic gender-neutral forms in which the silent consonant of the masculine form becomes audible mantain the original number of syllables. They have an audible suffix, like the feminine forms do, without that suffix being the same as the feminine. Additionally, the fact that the audible consonant in gender-neutral form matches the consonant in the masculine suffix could facilitate the learning of these neologisms for literate French speakers. However, in cases where the masculine does not contain a silent <x> and the feminine has a distinctive suffix, such as with 'dieu, déesse', adopting the analytic approach may be more consistent in terms of spelling and inclusivity (see previous paragraph).

====Endings with nasal vowels in the masculine form====
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Endings with nasal vowels in the masculine form
|-
!
!Masculine
! Feminine
! Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-ain/-aine
| écrivain <small>[Ekʁiv<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|écrivaine <small>[Ekʁivɛ<u>n</u>]</small>
|
|''écrivan'' <small>[Ekʁivɑ̃]/[Ekʁivan]</small>
|-
!-ain/-ine
|copain <small>[kɔp<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|copine <small>[kɔpi<u>n</u>]</small>
|''cop<u>aine</u>'' <small>[kɔpɛn]</small>
|copan <small>[kɔpɑ̃]/[kɔpan]</small>
|-
!-in/-ine
|cousin <small>[kuz<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|cousine <small>[kuzi<u>n</u>]</small>
|''cousaine'' <small>[kuz<u>ɛn</u>]</small>
|cousan <small>[kuzɑ̃]/[kuzan]</small>
|-
!-an/-anne
|paysan <small>[pɛiz<u>ɑ̃</u>]</small>
|paysanne <small>[pɛiza<u>n</u>]</small>
|
|paysaine <small>[pɛizɛn]</small>
|-
!-ien/-ienne
|citoyen <small>[sitwaj<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|citoyenne <small>[sitwajɛ<u>n</u>]</small>
|
|''citoyan'' <small>[sitwajɑ̃]/[sitwajan]</small>
|-
!-un/-une<sup>1</sup>
|brun <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃</u>]/[bʁ<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|brune <small>[bʁy<u>n</u>]</small>
|breune, brunn <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃n</u>]/[bʁ<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>
|braine, ''bran'' <small>[bʁɑ̃]/[bʁan]</small>
|-
!-un/-une<sup>2</sup>
|opportun <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>œ̃</u>]/[ɔpɔʁt<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|opportune <small>[ɔpɔʁty<u>n</u>]</small>
|opporteune, opportaine <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>ɛn</u>]</small>
| opportan <small>[ɔpɔʁtɑ̃]/[ɔpɔʁtan]</small>
|-
!-on/-onne
|mignon <small>[miɲ<u>õ</u>]</small>
|mignonne <small>[miɲɔ<u>n</u>]</small>
|mignonn <small>[miɲ<u>õn</u>]</small>
|mignaine, ''mignan'' <small>[miɲɑ̃]/[miɲan]</small>
|}
The '-aine' suffix has gained popularity. However, its use in monosyllabic words like 'brun·e' may hinder comprehension, which could explain why 'bran', a form that preserves the nasality of the final vowel while only changing its place of articulation, is more widespread. Words with a '-ien/-ienne' (and obviously also '-ain/-aine') suffix cannot form a synthetic gender-neutral form with '-aine', as this would result in a word pronounced exactly the same way as the feminine one (cf. 'citoyenne'). Here, the synthetical neutral forms created with '-an' only retain masculine phonetic traits (i. e. its manner of articulation — vocalic — and its nasality trait — which is positive). Theoretically, this could lead to similar issues as discussed in the Endings from Latin '-or' and '-rix' subchapter. The same could be true with synthetic gender-neutral forms ending in '-aine', but this time in favour of the feminine. However, even though the suffix '-aine' could sound feminine, the resulting form is still easily distinguishable from the original one, since the vowels implied are oral and not nasal, and can therefore be less easily mistaken for mispronunciations — while 'écrivan', 'citoyan' and 'bran' could be (for more information, see the Indefinite and definite article subchapter).

The use of "-iste" is always genderneutral, like "feministe".

====Endings with silent consonant X in the masculine and audible consonant X in the feminine====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Endings with silent (♂︎) and audible (♀︎) consonant
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-t/-te
|pâlot
|pâlotte
|
|pâlode, pâlat, pâlasse
|-
!-d/-de
|grand
|grande
|
|grante, granxe, gransse
|-
!-al/ale
|principal
|principale
|
|principèl, principalx, principalz
|-
!-iet/iète
|inquiet
|inquiète
|
| inquiède
|-
!-g/gue
|oblong
|oblongue
|
|oblonk
|-
!-ier/-ière
|premier <small>[pʁəmj<u>e</u>]</small>
|première <small>[pʁəmjɛ<u>ʁ</u>]</small>
|premiérère, premiér <small>[pʁəmj<u>eʁ</u>]</small>
|
|-
!-c/-che
|blanc
|blanche
|
|blank
|-
!-s/-se
|antillais
|antillaise
|
|antillaisse
|-
!-s/-che
|frais
|fraîche
|fraîchais
|fraisse
|-
!-s/-sse
|bas
|basse
|babasse
|base
|}
As the table demonstrates, no approach has achieved widespread acceptance among this category of nouns and adjectives. As discussed in the Demonstrative adjective subchapter, one intuitive approach to creating a gender-neutral form involves making the silent consonant of the masculine form audible in the neologism while voicing or devoicing it, so that its pronunciation is different from the feminine form — e. g.: 'palôt' → 'palôte' (sounds like 'pâlotte') → 'pâlode' . However, masculine words ending in a silent <nowiki><s> pose a challenge: when put in the feminine form, the <s> can either become a voiced sibilant [z] or a voiceless sibilant [s] (the outcome [ʃ] is irrelevant in this issue). This inconsistency means that the silent <s> of the masculine form can represent either a voiced or a voiceless sound. While the silent consonants of other words can simply be transformed into their voiceless resp. voiced counterparts to differentiate them from the feminine, creating gender-neutral forms from words like "antillais·e" and "bas·e" requires more careful consideration. If the feminine form is pronounced with a [s], the pronunciation of the gender-neutral form must be [z] to avoid homophony; conversely, if the feminine form is pronounced [z], the gender-neutral form's pronunciation must be [s] to maintain distinctiveness.</nowiki>

====Endings with a rounded vowel in the masculine and '-_(l)le' in the feminine====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Endings with a rounded vowel (♂︎) and '-_(l)le' (♀︎)
!
! Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-eau/-elle
|jumeau
|jumelle
|''jumelleau'', jumeaulle
|jumal<ref>Wiki LGBTQIA FR (2023): ''Néopronoms''. Online at: https://lgbtqia.fandom.com/fr/wiki/Neopronoms (retrieved 11.01.2024).</ref>
|-
!-ou/-olle
|fou
|folle
|follou, foulle
|
|-
!-aux/-ales
|spéciaux
|spéciales
|spécialaux, spéciaules
|
|-
!-eux/-lle
|vieux/vieil
|vieille
|vieilleux, vieuille
|
|}
The pronunciation of /a/ as [ɔ] in Canadian French can lead to ambiguity in gender-neutral forms like 'spéciaules', as they could be interpreted as the feminine singular and plural, or masculine singular form of 'spécial·e'.

==== Endings with consonant X in the masculine and consonant X with phonetic change triggered by presence of final '-e' in the feminine====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Masculine consonant X and feminin consonant X modified by '-e'
!
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
!-c/-che
|sec
|sèche
| seckèche, sèchec
|
|-
!-f/-ve
|naïf
|naïve
|naïfive, naïvif
|
|}
Florence Ashley argues that the order in which the feminine and masculine morphemes are combined does not matter.<ref name=":5" /> Usage, intelligibleness and personal preference ultimately determine which forms will gain traction. However, the prosodic sequencing of syllables in French can impact intelligibility. For instance, in the pronunciation of 'naïvif' (neutral form) as [na'i'<u>vif</u>], contrary to 'naïfive', the end of the word is acoustically identical to 'vif' (i. e. 'vivacious') and can thus lead to confusion.

==== Gender-neutral suggestions for some gender-specific nouns (natural gender/''Sexus'')====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Gender-specific nouns (''Sexus'') and current gender-neutral suggestions
!Masculine
!Feminine
!Analytic gender-neutral
!Synthetic gender-neutral
|-
|roi
|reine
|roine
|
|-
|héros
|héroïne
|héroïnos
|héroan <small>[Eʁoɑ̃]/[Eʁoan]</small>, héroal
|-
|frère
|sœur
|''frœur'', srère
|''adelphe''
|-
|Monsieur
|Madame
|
|Monestre
|}

==Discussion==
According to linguist Roswitha Fischer, citing Renate Bartsch,<ref>Bartsch, R. (1987): ''Sprachnormen: Theorie und Praxis: Studienausgabe''. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110935875.</ref> the adoption of neologisms into a language's lexicon depends on three factors:

#Prestige: The neologism must be championed by a group of influential individuals who hold social, political, and economic power.
#Written Usage: The neologism must gain traction in written communication, becoming accepted in literature, media, and formal communication.
#Linguistic Contact: The neologism must circulate in areas where multiple dialects and varieties of the language converge, fostering mutual understanding and assimilation.<ref name=":16">Fischer, R. (1998): ''Lexical Change in Present-Day English. A Corpus-Based Study of the Motivation, Institutionalization, and Productivity of Creative Neologism''. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.</ref>

Currently, gender-neutral French neologisms lack widespread adoption, even within LGBT and nonbinary communities. Their presence is marginal in written form,<ref>Café aux étoiles. maison d'édition sereine et onirique (no data): ''Littérature''. Online at: https://cafeauxetoiles.fr/litterature/ (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref><ref>Les Ourses à plumes. Webzine féministe (2022): ''Les elfes noirs ne sont jamais noirs (1) : enjeux de la représentation dans les fictions de l'imaginaire''. Online at: https://lesoursesaplumes.info/tag/une/ (retrieved 18.12.2023).</ref> and their usage in spoken language limited. However, the Internet serves as an area for these neologisms to reach a global audience of Francophone speakers from Africa, America, Europe, and minority language communities all around the world. Additionally, descriptive approaches to language (cf. ''Le Robert''), contrary to prescriptive approaches (cf. L'Académie), have lead to the acceptance of one of them — 'iel' — in written discourse.

For neologisms to gain wider adoption, they must be learnable and user-friendly. This means they should be easy to understand and easy to remember (due to morphological motivation); easy to pronounce while adhering to the phoneme inventory and phonotactics of the language; familiar to the target audience; and responsive to a genuine need.<ref name=":16" /> If these criteria are met, neologisms will start being adopted by avant-garde language users. As these avant-garde figures gather large online communities, the frequency of usage of these neologisms will increase, fostering familiarity among the Francophone community. From then, some of these neologisms could potentially enter the standard vocabulary.

== Main resources ==

# ★La vie en Queer (2018): ''Petit dico de français neutre/inclusif''. Online at: https://lavieenqueer.wordpress.com/2018/07/26/petit-dico-de-francais-neutre-inclusif/<nowiki/>.★
# Divergenres (2021): ''Guide de grammaire neutre et inclusive''. Québec. Online at: https://divergenres.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/guide-grammaireinclusive-final.pdf.
# Wiki Trans (2019): ''Comment parler d'une personne non binaire ?'' Online at: https://wikitrans.co/2019/12/25/comment-parler-dune-personne-non-binaire/.
# Wiki LGBTQIA FR (2023): ''Néopronoms''. Online at: https://lgbtqia.fandom.com/fr/wiki/Neopronoms.
# Alpheratz (2018): ''Genre neutre.TABLEAUX RÉCAPITULATIFS de mots de genre neutre (extraits)''. Online at: https://www.alpheratz.fr/linguistique/genre-neutre/.

==References ==
<references />
[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

Tash Sultana

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InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{stub}}
{{Infobox person
| picture = Tash Sultana Piknik i Parken 2017 (185223).jpg
| caption = Sultana at a 2017 show in Oslo, Norway
| date_birth = June 15, 1995 (Aged 25)
| place_birth = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| nationality = Australian
| pronouns = [[they/them]]<ref name="Hennessy">{{Cite web |title=Tash Sultana: “I have always had a plan, like A, B, C, D, all the way through” |last=Hennessy |first=Kate |work=NME.com |date=28 April 2020 |access-date=29 May 2020 |url= https://www.nme.com/en_au/big-reads/tash-sultana-cover-interview-2020-terra-firma-pretty-lady-i-have-always-had-a-plan-2654403|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131171326/https://www.nme.com/en_au/big-reads/tash-sultana-cover-interview-2020-terra-firma-pretty-lady-i-have-always-had-a-plan-2654403 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>
| gender = [[Nonbinary]]<ref name="Hennessy" />
| occupation = Musician
| known_for = 2016 Single "Jungle"
| Website = www.tashsultana.com
}}
'''Tash Sultana''' is an Australian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist in the genres of psychedelic rock, alternative rock, reggae rock, and lo-fi. In 2018, they sold out three consecutive shows at the O2 Academy Brixton (a venue in London), being the first musician ever to accomplish this feat.<ref>{{cite web|url =https://theamsterdammer.org/2018/10/05/opinions/tash-sultana-the-gender-fluid-artist-who-is-revolutionising-the-music-industry/|title =Tash Sultana: The Gender Fluid Artist Who Is Revolutionising the Music Industry|last =Shylo|first =Kate|date =5 October 2018|work =The Amsterdammer|access-date =22 June 2020|archive-date =30 September 2020|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200930211916/https://theamsterdammer.org/2018/10/05/opinions/tash-sultana-the-gender-fluid-artist-who-is-revolutionising-the-music-industry/|url-status =dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Nonbinary people]]
[[Category: Performers]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultana, Tash}}
{{en-WP attribution notice}}

Novigender

2026-04-03T03:08:48Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

Novigender has multiple definitions

It's the term used to describe someone's gender which can't be explained with words ([https://www.verywellmind.com/glossary-of-must-know-gender-identity-terms-5186274 verywellmind.com]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} M-L)

A complicated relationship with someone's gender(s) where it's very difficult to nearly impossible to describe ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220111000416/https://lgbta.fandom.com/wiki/Novigender]LGBTA Fandom)

Someone's gender that can't be put into other labels for genders ([https://www.wattpad.com/amp/907179784] Wattpad)

__FORCETOC__

Neutral names starting with Y

2026-04-03T02:38:34Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

{{RandomName|letter=y}}
{{#section:Names|NamesSideList}}
An alphabetical list of neutral names starting with Y, continued from the [[names]] page (see for more information). These are neutral-gender names, otherwise known as unisex names. They are equally appropriate for girls, boys, and people of any gender. [[Nonbinary]] people don't have to have neutral names, and many [[notable nonbinary people]] have names that are usually either masculine or feminine. Neutral names can help make it safer for people to explore their gender expressions. There are many unisex names from around the world that start with Y, more than 60 of them, as listed below. Previous page: [[neutral names starting with X]]. Next page: [[neutral names starting with Z]].

== The list ==

'''Yachin''' (יָכִין). Hebrew. Form of the ancient Hebrew masculine name Jachin (יָכִין), meaning "He establishes." In the Bible, Jachin was the name of a son of Simeon and founder of the family of the Jachinites (Genesis 46:10; Exodus 6:15; Numbers 26:12). This was also the name of a priest in the time of David (1 Chronicles 9:10; 24:17; Nehemiah 11:10). The two pillars standing outside Solomon's Temple were named Jachin and Boaz (בֹּעַז which was also a masculine given name, meaning "swiftness") (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Chronicles 3:17). Variants: '''Iachin''' (Biblical Latin; Ιαχιν, Biblical Greek transcription)<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yachin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213084303/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yachin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jachin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213074308/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jachin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/boaz [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315222419/https://www.behindthename.com/name/boaz Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Biblical, masculine inclined, religious, two syllables

'''Yachiru''' (やちる). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 弥智琉. Meaning "Progress," "Smart," "Jewelry." 2. 八千流. "Eight," "thousand," "flow." 3. 八千琉. "Eight," "thousand," "jewelry."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yachiru-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220628175723/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yachiru-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: number, three syllables, prosperity, treasure

'''Yachiyo''' (やちよ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 弥千代. Meaning "Progress," "thousand," "generation." 2. 八千代. "Eight," "thousand," "generation." 3. 矢知夜. "Arrow," "knowlege," "night." 4. 矢知世. "Arrow," "knowledge," "world."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yachiyo-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007083254/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yachiyo-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: intelligence, number, three syllables

'''Yae''' (やえ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 陽笑. Meaning "Sun," "laugh." 2. 弥慧. "Progress," "clever." 3. 夜永. "Night," "forever." 4. 冶江. "Melt," "river." 5. 八咲. "Eight," "blossom."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yae-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221129204603/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yae-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: time, two syllables

'''Yaei''' (やえい). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 八重依. Meaning "Eight," "weight," "depending."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yaei-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220628190826/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yaei-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: number, three syllables

'''Yafe''' (יָפֶה). Hebrew. Neutral-gender form of the feminine name Yaffa, meaning "Beautiful." Variants: '''Jaffe''' (neutral-gender) and '''Yaffe''' (neutral-gender)<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafa [https://web.archive.org/web/20230202034436/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafa Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafe [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011825/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yafe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffa [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529095349/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffa Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffe [https://web.archive.org/web/20230121032629/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaffe Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: appearance, beauty, two syllables, virtue

'''Yafumi''' (やふみ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 耶風光. Meaning "Father," "wind," "laugh."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yafumi-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230623225308/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yafumi-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yağmur'''. Turkish. Meaning "Rain." Pronounced "ya-MOOR."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yag21mur [https://web.archive.org/web/20220930131333/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yag21mur Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: elements, nature, two syllables, water, weather

'''Yahiro''' (やひろ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 耶尋. Meaning "Father," and "ask." 2. 弥寛. "Progress," "broad-minded."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yahiro-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207174746/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yahiro-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: family, intelligence, personality, three syllables

'''Yǎhuì''' (雅惠). Chinese. Meaning "Elegant, graceful, refined" and "Favor, benefit," if written with these characters. Other meanings can be chosen by writing it with other characters with the same sounds.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yahui [https://web.archive.org/web/20230322152749/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yahui Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Yaito''' (やいと). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 矢糸. Meaning "Arrow," "yarn." 2. 弥絃. "Progress," "stringing."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yaito-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812180913/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yaito-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: three syllables

'''Yakumo''' (やくも). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 夜雲. Meaning "Night," "cloud." 2. 八雲. "Eight," "cloud."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yakumo-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812190236/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yakumo-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: three syllables

'''Yale'''. English. From the place name, meaning "From the fertile upland." Also the word for a mythological antelope, and a prestigious school.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yale [https://web.archive.org/web/20221203044302/https://babynames.com/name/yale Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: education, mythology, one syllable, places

'''Yamato''' (やまと). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 大和. Meaning "Big," and "Peace, harmony."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yamato-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220628182017/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yamato-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: peace, size, three syllables

'''Yami''' (やみ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 矢見. Meaning "Arrow," and "to see." 2. 夜美. "Night," "beauty." 3. 弥実. "Progress," "Fruit, kindness."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yami-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220628173615/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yami-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yamikani'''. Southern African, Chewa. Meaning "Be grateful, praise."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yamikani [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011755/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yamikani Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: gratitude, four syllables, virtue

'''Yàn'''. Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 艳. Meaning "Beautiful." Usually a feminine spelling only. 2. 岩. Meaning "Cliff, rocks." A gender-neutral spelling.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yan-2 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329154606/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yan-2 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: beauty, earth, places, stone

'''Yanagi''' (やなぎ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 楊. Meaning "Willow." 2. 柳木. "Willow," and "Wood." 3. 八柳. "Eight," "Willow."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yanagi-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812190126/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yanagi-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nature, plants, three syllables

'''Yancy'''. American, English. Circa 1880, from the American surname Yancy, from the Dutch surname Jansen, meaning "Jan's son." Jan itself is a form of the name John, ultimately from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yancy [https://web.archive.org/web/20230530150602/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yancy Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jan-1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604030423/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jan-1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the USA, 84% of people with this name are boys.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YA/YANCY/index.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20210923061754/https://mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YA/YANCY/index.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, masculine inclined, modern, two syllables

'''Yank''', or '''Yankee'''. American, English. From Civil War era slang, meaning "US Northerner," itself thought to come from the Dutch word "Engles," meaning English settlers in New England.<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yank [https://web.archive.org/web/20220828153849/https://babynames.com/name/yank Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yankee [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603165550/https://babynames.com/name/yankee Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern, one syllable, two syllables, places, political

'''Yáng'''. Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 洋. Meaning "Ocean." A gender-neutral spelling. 2. 阳. Meaning "Light, sun, male." A masculine spelling.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yang [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604005040/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yang Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nature, one syllable, places, water

'''Yanick''', '''Yannic''', '''Yannick''', or '''Yannig'''. Breton, French. Neutral pet form of the names Yann or Yanna, which are Breton forms of the name John, ultimately from the Hebrew name Yochanan (יוֹחָנָן), meaning "God is gracious." Yanick is pronounced "ya-neek."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yanick [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606054427/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yanick Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannic [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606102352/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannic Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannick [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602054835/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannick Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannig [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606104951/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yannig Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/john [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519154255/https://www.behindthename.com/name/john Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, two syllables

'''Yantse'''. Native American, Tewa tribe. Meaning "Yellow willow."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yantse [https://web.archive.org/web/20220828153813/https://babynames.com/name/yantse Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: colours, nature, plants

'''Yao''' (やお). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 夜桜. Meaning "Night" and "cherry blossoms." 2. 埜央. "Central," "field." 3. 八緒. "Eight," "cord." 4. 弥旺. "Progress," "shining light."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yao-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220926161000/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yao-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yaotl'''. Native American, Nahuatl (Aztec). Meaning "Warrior."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yaotl [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331002241/https://babynames.com/name/yaotl Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: battle, warrior, power

'''Yarden''' (יַרְדֵן). Hebrew. Another Romanized spelling of the Hebrew neutral name Jordan (יַרְדֵן), meaning "To descend, flow down," and the name of the river where Jesus Christ was baptized (Matthew 3:13). Christians adopted Jordan and its variants as given names, as a reference to baptism.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yarden [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011755/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yarden Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jordan [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529011743/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jordan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: Christian, elements, liminal spaces, religious, two syllables, water

'''Yardley'''. English. From the place name, meaning "From the wood where spars were got."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yardley [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814162557/https://babynames.com/name/yardley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the USA, 51% of people with this name have been boys.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YA/YARDLEY/index.html</ref> Keywords: nature, neutral inclined, places, plants

'''Yaroslava''' (Ярослава). Russian, Ukrainian, and Medieval Slavic. A neutral form of the name Jarosław, meaning "Fierce and glorious." Pronounced "yi-ru-SLA-va."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaroslava [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213083425/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yaroslava Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jarosl16aw [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329233438/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jarosl16aw Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: battle, four syllables, strength, warrior

'''Yasa''' (やさ). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 椰紗. Meaning "Palm" and "gauze."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yasa-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220128183013/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yasa-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yasaka''' (やさか). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 優香. Meaning "Superiority" and "incense." 2. 優華. "Superiority," "flower."<ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yasaka-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220812174601/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yasaka-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yasu'''. Japanese. Meaning depends on kanji chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 安. Meaning "Peace, quiet." 2. 康. Meaning "Peaceful." 3. 坦. Meaning "Flat, smooth, level."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yasu [https://web.archive.org/web/20211130161538/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yasu Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: peace, two syllables

'''Yates'''. English. From the surname, meaning "Dweller by the gates."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yates [https://web.archive.org/web/20160511122407/http://www.babynames.com:80/name/Yates Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: liminal spaces, one syllable, places

'''Yǎtíng''' (雅婷). Chinese. Meaning "Elegant, graceful, refined," and "Pretty, graceful," if written with the characters shown here.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yating [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602211000/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yating Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: beauty, two syllables

'''Yaxha'''. Native American, Mayan. From the name of an archaeological site in Guatemala, meaning "Green water."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yaxha [https://web.archive.org/web/20220815134831/https://babynames.com/name/yaxha Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: colours, places, water

'''Yayauhqui'''. Native American, Nahuatl. Meaning "Black smoking mirror."<ref name="20knames5">http://www.20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_05.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220215427/http://20000-names.com/androgynous_names_unisex_names_05.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: colours

'''Yǎzhù''' (雅筑). Chinese. Meaning "Elegant, graceful, refined," and "Lute, zither, build," if written with the characters shown here.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yazhu [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025205533/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yazhu Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: arts, beauty, music, two syllables

'''Yeardleigh''', '''Yeardley'''. English. From the place name Yardly, meaning "From the wood where spars were got."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yardley [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814162557/https://babynames.com/name/yardley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yeardleigh [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422010328/https://babynames.com/name/YEARDLEIGH Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yeardley [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906052752/http://www.babynames.com/name/Yeardley Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: nature, places, plants

'''Yeong''' (영). Korean. From Sino-Korean, in which the meaning depends upon the Korean Hanja spelling. Pronounced like "yung."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yeong [https://web.archive.org/web/20230602061904/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yeong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Yí''' (with rising tone). Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it. 1. 宜. Meaning "Suitable, proper." 2. 怡. Meaning "Joy, harmony." A feminine spelling. 3. 仪. Meaning "Ceremony, rights." A feminine spelling.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yi [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529021246/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: emotions, feminine inclined, joy, one syllable, virtues

'''Yì''' (with falling tone). Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it. 1. 毅. Meaning "Resolute, decisive firm." 2. 义. Meaning "Justice, righteousness." 3. 益. Meaning "Profit, benefit."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yi [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529021246/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable, prosperity, virtues

'''Yíjūn''' (怡君). Chinese. Meaning "Joy, harmony," and "King, ruler," if written with the characters shown.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yijun [https://web.archive.org/web/20230529050212/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yijun Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: emotions, joy, royalty, two syllables

'''Yildiz'''. Turkish. Meaning "Star."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yildiz [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804163253/https://www.babynames.com/name/yildiz Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: light, nature, sky, star

'''Yimeyam'''. Native American, Coos tribe. Meaning "Bright."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yimeyam [https://web.archive.org/web/20160513185552/http://www.babynames.com:80/name/Yimeyam Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: light

'''Yīn''' (with high tone). Chinese. Meaning depends on characters chosen to write it. 1. 音. Meaning "Sound, tone." 2. 荫. Meaning "Shade, shelter, protect."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011755/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Yín''' (with rising tone) (银). Chinese. Meaning "Silver, money."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yin [https://web.archive.org/web/20230328011755/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yin Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: colours, one syllable, prosperity, treasure

'''Ying''' (英). Chinese. Meaning "Petal, flower; outstanding, surpassing; admirable, heroic."<ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: one syllable, virtue

'''Ynes'''. Spanish. Medieval Spanish version of Inés, which in turn derives from a latinized version of the Greek name Hagne (''Ἁγνή''), meaning "chaste."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/ynes/submitted [https://web.archive.org/web/20170527122246/http://www.behindthename.com:80/name/ynes/submitted Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/agnes [https://web.archive.org/web/20230325025514/https://www.behindthename.com/name/agnes Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> US SSA data shows that this name is used as a feminine name 53% of the time.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YN/YNES/index.html</ref> Keywords: neutral inclined

'''Yohance'''. West Africa, Hausa. Meaning "God's gift."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yohance [https://web.archive.org/web/20170506053252/http://www.babynames.com:80/name/yohance Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

'''Yolotl''' or '''Yolotli'''. Native American, Nahuatl. Meaning "Heart."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yolotl [https://web.archive.org/web/20221216035812/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yolotl Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yolotli [https://web.archive.org/web/20230131070158/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yolotli Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: three syllables

'''Yolyamanitzin'''. Native American, Nahuatl. Meaning "Considerate, tender person."<ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: affection, five syllables, love, personality

'''Yǒng'''. Chinese. Meaning depends on characters chosen to write it. 1. 勇. Meaning "Brave." 2. 永. Meaning "Perpetual, eternal."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yong [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025205603/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yong Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: courage, one syllable, warrior

'''Yoomee'''. Native American, Coos tribe. Meaning "Star."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yoomee [https://web.archive.org/web/20160408091841/http://www.babynames.com:80/name/Yoomee Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: light, nature, sky, star, two syllables

'''Yori''' (より). Japanese. Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 愛. Meaning "Love." 2. 縁. "Edge." 3. 和. "Calm, harmony, peace." 4. 世莉. "World," "type of tree."<ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: two syllables

'''Yoshi''' (よし). Japanese. Pronounced "yo-shee." Short form of several names beginning with Yoshi. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' chosen to write it, some options for which follow; there are others. 1. 義. Meaning "Correct; righteous." 2. 吉. Meaning "Fine, happy; good luck." 3. 良. Meaning "Good, nice, virtuous, respectable."<ref name="20knames5" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshi [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213082032/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshi Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yoshi-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207160521/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yoshi-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: joy, luck, personality, two syllables, virtue

'''Yoshie''' (よしえ). Japanese. Pronounced "yo-shee-eh." Meaning depends on the two ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it. For example, the first character, for the "yoshi" part, can be 芳 (meaning "fragrant, virtuous, beautiful"), or 由 (meaning "reason, case"). The second character, for the "-e" part, can be 恵, meaning "favor, benefit, blessed." Other meanings are possible by using other kanji spellings.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshie [https://web.archive.org/web/20220705025940/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshie Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yoshie-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220810205020/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yoshie-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: beauty, joy, luck, personality, three syllables, virtue

'''Young''' (영). Korean. Alternative spelling of the Korean unisex name Yeong (영).<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/young [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605075624/https://www.behindthename.com/name/young Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: one syllable

'''Yu''' (various tones). Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 宇. Meaning "Appearance, countenance." 2. 鱼. Meaning "Fish." 3. 羽. Meaning "Feather, wing." 4. Yù. 玉. Meaning "Jade." 5. 聿. Meaning "Nimble, quick." 6. Yú. 愉. Meaning "Pleasant, delightful." 7. Yǔ. 雨. Meaning "Rain."<ref name="20knames5" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034655/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yu Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, animals, appearance, elements, joy, nature, personality, treasure, value, weather, water

'''Yue''' (月). Chinese. Meaning "Moon."<ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: moon, nature, one syllable, sky

'''Yüksel'''. Turkish. Meaning "Rise."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yu12ksel/submitted</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Yule'''. English. Meaning "Christmastime, midwinter, winter solstice, feast."<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yule [https://web.archive.org/web/20220813114919/https://babynames.com/name/yule Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the USA, about 51 people have had this name.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YU/YULE/index.html</ref> Keywords: Christian, food, fun, one syllable, Pagan, rare, religious, winter

'''Yun''' (various tones). Chinese. Meaning depends on characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 筠. Meaning "Bamboo skin." 2. 雲. Meaning "Clouds." 3. Yún. 云. Meaning "Cloud." 4. Yǔn. 允. Meaning "Allow, consent."<ref name="20knames5" /><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yun [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507051835/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yun Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: air, nature, one syllable, plants, sky, weather

'''Yun-Seo''' (윤서). Korean.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yun01seo [https://web.archive.org/web/20230206124622/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yun01seo Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: two syllables

'''Yunuen'''. Native American, Mayan. From the name of an island on Lake Pátzcuaro in Mexico, possibly meaning "Half moon."<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yunuen [https://web.archive.org/web/20221112062436/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yunuen Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: moon, nature, places, water

'''Yusheng'''. Chinese. Meaning depends on the characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 鱼生. Meaning "Fish life." 2. 羽生. Meaning "Winged life."<ref name="20knames5" /> Keywords: animals, air, birds, elements, fish, nature, water

'''Yutaka''' (ゆたか). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 裕. "Rich." 2. 豊. "Rich." 3. 豊賀. "Rich" and "to be delighted." 4. 豊香. "Rich" and "incense." 4. 豊歌. "Rich" and "Song." 5. 豊花. "Rich" and "flower." 6. 豊夏. "Rich" and "summer." 7. 豊果. "Rich" and "fruit." 8. 豊嘉. "Rich" and "fine." 9. 豊加. "Rich" and "addition." 10. 豊可. "Rich" and "yes." 11. 豊佳. "Rich" and "beautiful, lovely." 12. 悠鷹. "Much far" and "hawk." 13. 優鷹. "Superiority" and "hawk." 14. 由多佳. "Reason," "multi," and "beautiful, lovely." 15. 夕多香. "Evening," "multi," and "incense."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yutaka-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720210946/https://japanese-names.info/first-name/yutaka-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: animals, beauty, birds, food, nature, prosperity, summer, time

'''Yuu''', '''Yū''' (ゆう). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 愛. Meaning "Love." 2. 友. "Friend." 3. 癒雨. "Healing," "rain." 4. 優卯. "Superiority," "rabbit." 5. 祐羽. "Help of god," "wing." 6. 柚宇. "Citrus fruit," "World." 7. 由侑. "Reason," "Help someone."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuu-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720211426/https://japanese-names.info/first-name/yuu-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Keywords: affection, animals, food, nature, water, weather

'''Yuuki''', '''Yūki''', '''Yûki''', '''Yuki''' (ゆうき). Japanese. Meaning depends on the ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it, some options for which follow. 1. 幸. Meaning "Happiness; good fortune." 2. 雪. Meaning "Snow."<ref>http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/yuuki.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902205659/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2009/12/yuuki.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="20knames5" /><ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuuki-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221026225427/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuuki-2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> A [[notable nonbinary people|notable nonbinary person]] with this name is [[Yuhki Kamatani]], an [[X-gender]] Japanese manga artist.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=199640030942208000|user=yuhkikamatani|title=隠すことでもわざわざ言うことでもカテゴライズするようなことでもないと分かっているけど、無難に生きようと、へらへら誤魔化している自分に対して無性に腹立たしく思う時があります。誤魔化したくない。私はXジェンダーでアセクシャルなセクシュアルマイノリティです。そんな程度の人間です。|archive-url=http://archive.is/28HVn|archive-date=19 May 2018|date=May 7, 2012}}</ref> Keywords: emotion, joy, luck, nature, water, winter

'''Yuuri''', '''Yūri''', '''Yûri''', '''Yuri''' (ゆうり). Japanese. Meaning depends on ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it. Some possible choices follow. 1. 有理. Meaning "Rational." 2. 祐里. Meaning "Lily." 3. 有利. Meaning "Advantageous." 4. 雄利. Meaning "Cage."<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161222201803/http://japanesenameguide.blogspot.com/2010/01/yuuri.html</ref><ref>https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuuri-2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20220711194722/https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuuri-2// Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: plants, virtue

'''Yuuya''' (ゆうや). Japanese. Meaning depends on ''kanji'' characters chosen to write it. Some possible choices follow. 1. 悠弥. Meaning "Much far," and "Progress." 2. 結矢. "Tie," "arrow." 3. 有耶. "Have," "Father."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://japanese-names.info/first_name/yuuya-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2023-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720211427/https://japanese-names.info/first-name/yuuya-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

'''Yuval''' (יוּבָל). Hebrew. A form of the masculine ancient Hebrew name Jubal (יוּבָל), meaning "Stream." In the book of Genesis, Jubal was the name of the first musician (Genesis 4:21). In modern Hebrew, Yuval is a gender-neutral name.<ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/yuval [https://web.archive.org/web/20230209055208/https://www.behindthename.com/name/yuval Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.behindthename.com/name/jubal [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213080847/https://www.behindthename.com/name/jubal Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the USA, 60% of people named Yuval are boys.<ref>https://www.mynamestats.com/First-Names/Y/YU/YUVAL/index.html</ref> Keywords: Biblical, neutral inclined, two syllables

'''Yvian'''. American, modern. A name created from a combination of the names Yves (meaning "Yew tree," masculine), Yvonne ("yew tree," feminine), and Vivian ("life," neutral).<ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/yvian [https://web.archive.org/web/20150906093600/http://www.babynames.com/name/Yvian Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Yves [https://web.archive.org/web/20230327005634/https://babynames.com/name/Yves Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>https://www.babynames.com/name/Yvonne [https://web.archive.org/web/20210422032702/https://www.babynames.com/name/YVONNE Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Keywords: modern

== See also ==
* [[Names]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Neutral names]]
[[de:namen#y]]

They/Them Project

2026-03-28T08:23:06Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

The '''They/Them Project''' is a series of audio interviews with and photos of people who use [[pronouns]] other than she/her and he/him. Brent Dundore, a pro photographer, is a [[cisgender]] man who started the project in order for him to better understand gender and also educate other people on gender.<ref name="dund_Abou">{{Cite web |title=About They/Them Project |author=Brent Dundore |work= |date= |access-date=9 April 2020 |url=https://dundorephoto.com/they-them-project-info/ }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As part of the project, Brent has interviewed some high-profile individuals including [[Jacob Tobia]], [[Alok Vaid-Menon]], and [[Ellie Desautels]].

The project began in 2017 when Brent happened to be photographing a person who used [[singular they]] pronouns, and asked questions to learn more about them.<ref name="Snow">{{Cite web |title=They/Them Project celebrates, demystifies non-binary gender through photography, video |last=Snow |first=Cassandra |work=The Column |date=13 April 2017 |access-date=9 April 2020 |url=http://thecolu.mn/24918/theythem-project-celebrates-demystifies-non-binary-gender-photography-video |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224052632/http://thecolu.mn/24918/theythem-project-celebrates-demystifies-non-binary-gender-photography-video |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the past, Brent was quite negative on the idea of nonbinary genders and non-normative pronouns, but his husband encouraged him to be open-minded. Brent has said, "I have yet to finish an interview without learning something new about gender, and how every person has a uniquely different story and description of their gender. I was surprised to learn that some use several sets of pronouns, and how truly fluid gender is. No one is an expert on someone else’s gender, or what gender means to someone else. Everyone is also always growing and changing."<ref name="Lien">{{Cite web |title=The They/Them Project: An Interview with Brent Dundore |first=Andy |last=Lien |work=Lavender Magazine |date=8 June 2017 |access-date=9 April 2020 |url=https://www.lavendermagazine.com/our-affairs/the-theythem-project-an-interview-with-brent-dundore/ |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620161412/https://lavendermagazine.com/our-affairs/the-theythem-project-an-interview-with-brent-dundore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The They/Them project has been exhibited at multiple art galleries as well.<ref name="us.e_Gall">{{Cite web |title=Gallery Opening - They/Them Project by Brent Dundore {{!}} event {{!}} Minneapolis |work=Eventbu.com |date= |access-date=9 April 2020 |url=https://us.eventbu.com/minneapolis/gallery-opening-they-them-project-by-brent-dundore/9853547 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="cmle_This">{{Cite web |title=This Week: Attend the They/Them Project with CMLE |author= |work=Central Minnesota Libraries Exchange |date=7 October 2019 |access-date=9 April 2020 |url=https://cmle.org/2019/10/07/this-week-attend-the-they-them-project-with-cmle/ |archive-date=21 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721095648/https://cmle.org/2019/10/07/this-week-attend-the-they-them-project-with-cmle/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Links==
*[http://brentdundore.com/they-them-project/ Website]
*[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/they-them-project/id1330272324 They/Them Project on Apple Podcasts]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://www.instagram.com/theythemproject/ They/Them Project on Instagram]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Visibility]]

Podcasts

2026-03-28T08:03:16Z

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

A list of nonfiction podcasts on the topic of gender outside the [[gender binary|binary]].

See [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Audio]] for fiction podcasts with nonbinary characters.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! width="220"| Title
! width="225"| Link
! Description
|-
| They/Them/Theirs
| [https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/they-them-theirs-a-monthly-non-binary-discussion/id1446659574 Apple Podcasts listing]
| "Rayne and Casey are non-binary and once a month they get together and talk into microphones."
|-
| NB: My non-binary life
| [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p06y51dp BBC website]<br>[https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/nb-my-non-binary-life/id1449608448 Apple Podcasts listing]
| "Join Caitlin Benedict & [[Amrou Al-Kadhi]] as they ask the big questions about gender & identity."
|-
| A NonBinary World
| [https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/a-nonbinary-world/id1312284782 Apple Podcasts listing]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<br>[https://soundcloud.com/user-165004531 Soundcloud]
| "A podcast for the [[gender-neutral]] undefined by labels with advice, suggestions, stories, and commentary on how to navigate the world. Tools for living a non-binary existence from family, friends, lovers, and people who thrive and achieve success and happiness."
|-
| [[They/Them Project]]
| [https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/they-them-project/id1330272324 Apple Podcasts listing]{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
| "They/Them Project interviews individuals who currently or previously use gender nonconforming [[pronouns]], offering a platform for them to be seen and heard"
|-
| The They/Them Podcast
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20230721051540/https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-they-them-podcast/id1308692561 Apple Podcasts listing]
| "Moon Poet and Whooping Cough are non-binary friends who spend most of their time talking about [[LGBTQ|LGBTQIA+]] perspectives and issues. Well, that and stories about sex, being artists, punks and whatever else life throws at them!"
|-
| Nonbinary Neighbors
| [https://soundcloud.com/user-719800150 Soundcloud]
| "We're Cori (they/them) and AJ (he/they) and we're you're nonbinary neighbors! To increase nonbinary [[:Category:Visibility|representation]] and voices, we have started a podcast about our experiences as nonbinary people, to share stories about our lives, and provide resources and advice for other people who might have gone through the same confusion we did!"
|-
| Fifty Shades of Gender
| https://www.fiftyshadesofgender.com/podcast/{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
| "a collection of stories from people in various places in their gender journey and their experiences with family, relationships, mental health, work, and life in general."
|-
|The Sew Manly Podcast
| https://web.archive.org/web/20200807221806/https://everdaygirldad.myshopify.com/blogs/the-sew-manly-podcast
|"Follow the conversations of a nonbinary dad as they chat about [[masculinity]], social issues, [[feminism]], parenthood, body image, mental health, and more with experts and friends from around the world."
|-
|Let's Talk Gender
|http://purpleandgreenblog.com/category/podcast/
|"A discussion podcast about our experiences as a trans man and a nonbinary genderqueer person and our experiences as partners of someone transitioning. We talk about the various stages of transition and a variety of other topics such as language, labels, privilege, passing, mental health, community, and support."
|-
|Paper Brain
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220121150700/http://paper-brain.blubrry.net/ Website]<br>[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/paper-brain/id1394251884 Apple Podcasts]
|A three-episode podcast by a genderfluid person covering the process of coming out to their father, who has Alzheimer's disease.
|-
|All the Genders
|[https://AllTheGenders.com Website]
[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/all-the-genders/id1577875195 Apple Podcasts]
|"An interview podcast where bi-gender host Quinn talks with people of many identities about their lived experience of gender and queer issues. It’s meant for queer folks, allies, folks who are questioning, and anyone interested in LGBTQ+ and identity issues."
|}

[[Category:Visibility]]