Masculinity - Revision history

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	'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].		'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204222500/https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/ \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].

	Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|authorlink=Jack Halberstam \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>		Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525233635/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|authorlink=Jack Halberstam \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511222218/https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>

	The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.		The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	*{{Cite web \|title=Is Healthy Masculinity a Lost Cause?: A Non-binary Person's Thoughts on New Masculinity \|last=Nersesyan \|first=Mihran \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=2 October 2017\|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/}}		*{{Cite web \|title=Is Healthy Masculinity a Lost Cause?: A Non-binary Person's Thoughts on New Masculinity \|last=Nersesyan \|first=Mihran \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=2 October 2017\|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209001225/https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/ \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}
	*{{Cite web \|title=Navigating Toxic Masculinity as a Demiguy \|last=Paramo \|first=Holly \|work=Medium \|date=20 October 2017 \|url= https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a}}		*{{Cite web \|title=Navigating Toxic Masculinity as a Demiguy \|last=Paramo \|first=Holly \|work=Medium \|date=20 October 2017 \|url= https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814012911/https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}

	==References==		==References==

imported>TXJ at 05:20, 6 December 2021

2021-12-06T05:20:15Z

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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	*{{Cite web \|title=Is Healthy Masculinity a Lost Cause?: A Non-binary Person's Thoughts on New Masculinity \|last=Nersesyan \|first=Mihran \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=2 October 2017\|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/}}		*{{Cite web \|title=Is Healthy Masculinity a Lost Cause?: A Non-binary Person's Thoughts on New Masculinity \|last=Nersesyan \|first=Mihran \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=2 October 2017\|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/}}
	*{{Cite web \|title=Navigating Toxic Masculinity as a Demiguy. \|last=Paramo \|first=~~Michael~~ \|work=Medium \|date=20 October 2017 \|url= https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a}}		*{{Cite web \|title=Navigating Toxic Masculinity as a Demiguy \|last=Paramo \|first=Holly \|work=Medium \|date=20 October 2017 \|url= https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a}}

	==References==		==References==

imported>TXJ at 13:44, 15 November 2020

2020-11-15T13:44:56Z

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	'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].		'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].

imported>TXJ: Link to Jack Halberstam

2020-08-25T23:25:37Z

Link to Jack Halberstam

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:25, 25 August 2020
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	'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].		'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].

	Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>		Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|authorlink=Jack Halberstam \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>

	The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.		The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.

imported>TXJ: /* Examples of masculinity in modern Western culture */

2020-08-15T17:51:29Z

Examples of masculinity in modern Western culture

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	* A [[binding\|flat chest]] is considered masculine.		* A [[binding\|flat chest]] is considered masculine.
	* Short [[hair]] on the head is considered masculine.		* Short [[hair]] on the head is considered masculine.
	* [[Clothing\|~~Pants~~ and ~~suits~~]] are considered masculine.		* [[Clothing\|Trousers, suits, bowties and neckties]] are considered masculine.

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>TXJ at 17:48, 15 August 2020

2020-08-15T17:48:35Z

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	The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.		The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.

	==Examples of masculinity==		==Examples of masculinity in modern Western culture==
	*Muscular bodies are considered masculine, as well as [[Body language\|body movements and postures]] that "take up space".<ref>{{cite book\|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions\|last1=Wade\|first1=Lisa\|last2=Marx Ferree\|first2=Myra\|page=23}}</ref>		*Muscular bodies are considered masculine, as well as [[Body language\|body movements and postures]] that "take up space".<ref>{{cite book\|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions\|last1=Wade\|first1=Lisa\|last2=Marx Ferree\|first2=Myra\|year=2014\|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company\|page=23}}</ref>
	* A [[binding\|flat chest]] is considered masculine.		* A [[binding\|flat chest]] is considered masculine.
	* Short hair on the head is considered masculine.		* Short [[hair]] on the head is considered masculine.
			* [[Clothing\|Pants and suits]] are considered masculine.

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>TXJ at 17:46, 15 August 2020

2020-08-15T17:46:30Z

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	The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.		The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.

			==Examples of masculinity==
			*Muscular bodies are considered masculine, as well as [[Body language\|body movements and postures]] that "take up space".<ref>{{cite book\|title=Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions\|last1=Wade\|first1=Lisa\|last2=Marx Ferree\|first2=Myra\|page=23}}</ref>
			* A [[binding\|flat chest]] is considered masculine.
			* Short hair on the head is considered masculine.

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>TXJ at 15:00, 31 May 2020

2020-05-31T15:00:23Z

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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
	'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior. Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].		'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior.<ref name="Taylor">{{Cite web \|title=Masculinity Doesn't Belong to Any Gender and Other Reasons Why Policing Sexuality Does Not Work \|last=Taylor \|first=Sonya Renee \|work=The Body Is Not An Apology \|date=17 November 2018 \|access-date=31 May 2020 \|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/masculinity-doesnt-belong-to-any-gender-and-other-reasons-why-policing-sexuality-does-not-work/}}</ref> Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].

	Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>		Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book \|last1=Keith \|first1=Thomas \|title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity \|date=2017 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=9781317595342 \|pages=4–5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last1=Halberstam \|first1=Judith \|editor-last1=Halberstam \|editor-first1=Judith \|title=Female Masculinity \|date=1998 \|publisher=Duke University Press \|location=Durham, North Carolina \|isbn=9780822322436 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] \|chapter=Preface \|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 \|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation\|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal \| last = Gardiner \| first = Judith Kegan \| title = Female masculinities: a review essay \| journal = Men and Masculinities \| volume = 11 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 622–633 \| doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 \| date = December 2009 \| ref = harv \| url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>

imported>TXJ at 14:58, 31 May 2020

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	{{en-WP attribution notice\|Toxic masculinity}}		{{en-WP attribution notice\|Toxic masculinity}}
			[[Category:Concepts]]

imported>TXJ: Created page with "{{stub}} '''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit mascu..."

2020-05-31T14:57:31Z

Created page with "{{stub}} '''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit mascu..."

New page

{{stub}}
'''Masculinity''' (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles commonly associated with boys and men. Any gender can exhibit masculine traits and behavior. Those exhibiting both masculine and [[feminine]] characteristics can be considered [[androgynous]].

Women can also express masculine traits and behaviors.<ref name="Keith">{{cite book |last1=Keith |first1=Thomas |title=Masculinities in contemporary American culture: an intersectional approach to the complexities and challenges of male identity |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |isbn=9781317595342 |pages=4–5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_niDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Halberstam |first1=Judith |editor-last1=Halberstam |editor-first1=Judith |title=Female Masculinity |date=1998 |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham, North Carolina |isbn=9780822322436 |page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ xi] |chapter=Preface |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYAi9OEYRekC&pg=PR11 |url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/ }}</ref> In Western culture, female masculinity has been codified into identities such as "[[tomboy]]" and "[[butch]]". Although female masculinity is often associated with [[lesbian]]ism, expressing masculinity is not necessarily related to a person's [[Orientation|sexuality]]. In [[feminist]] philosophy, female masculinity is often characterized as a type of gender performance which challenges traditional masculinity and patriarchy.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Gardiner | first = Judith Kegan | title = Female masculinities: a review essay | journal = Men and Masculinities | volume = 11 | issue = 5 | pages = 622–633 | doi = 10.1177/1097184X08328448 | date = December 2009 | ref = harv | url = https://zenodo.org/record/896773 }}</ref>

The phrase "toxic masculinity" refers to certain masculine cultural norms that are associated with harm to society, such as the social pressures placed upon men to be violent, competitive, independent, and unfeeling.

==See also==
*[[Femininity]]
*[[Transmasculine]]

==Further reading==
*{{Cite web |title=Is Healthy Masculinity a Lost Cause?: A Non-binary Person's Thoughts on New Masculinity |last=Nersesyan |first=Mihran |work=The Body Is Not An Apology |date=2 October 2017|url= https://thebodyisnotanapology.com/magazine/is-masculinity-a-lost-cause-thoughts-on-a-new-masculinity-from-a-non-binary-person/}}
*{{Cite web |title=Navigating Toxic Masculinity as a Demiguy. |last=Paramo |first=Michael |work=Medium |date=20 October 2017 |url= https://medium.com/@Michael_Paramo/navigating-toxic-masculinity-as-a-demiguy-7f94e6e3514a}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{en-WP attribution notice}}
{{en-WP attribution notice|Toxic masculinity}}