Sexes - Revision history

45.136.158.211: /* Other phrasing */

2025-11-18T07:30:52Z

Other phrasing

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:30, 18 November 2025
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	People writing about gender use several different phrases to refer to assigned gender at birth. Some of them are more accurate and respectful than others. This list gives some of these phrases.		People writing about gender use several different phrases to refer to assigned gender at birth. Some of them are more accurate and respectful than others. This list gives some of these phrases.

	* '''Assigned Gender At Birth (AGAB)'''. Most people are either '''Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB)''' or '''Assigned Male At Birth (AMAB)'''. This is an accurate and respectful phrase.		* '''Assigned Gender At Birth (AGAB)'''. Most people are either '''Assigned Female At Birth (AFAB)''' or '''Assigned Male At Birth (AMAB)'''. This is an accurate and respectful phrase for many people, but should not be used before asking if the person is comfortable with it.

	* '''Gender Assigned At Birth (GAAB)''' is a different word order for the above phrase, with the same meaning. This makes '''Female Assigned At Birth (FAAB)''', and '''Male Assigned At Birth (MAAB)'''.		* '''Gender Assigned At Birth (GAAB)''' is a different word order for the above phrase, with the same meaning. This makes '''Female Assigned At Birth (FAAB)''', and '''Male Assigned At Birth (MAAB)'''.

Amazingakita: Reverted edits by 2600:1700:7A40:39B0:3C6F:6758:C19F:F195 (talk) to last revision by 134.195.47.165

2025-02-08T08:19:08Z

Reverted edits by 2600:1700:7A40:39B0:3C6F:6758:C19F:F195 (talk) to last revision by 134.195.47.165

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:19, 8 February 2025
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	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==
	~~literally~~ the ~~same thing dumbasses~~.		The distinction between sex and gender differentiates a person's biological sex (the anatomy of an individual's reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics) from that person's gender, which can refer to either social roles based on the sex of the person (gender role) or personal identification of one's own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity).<ref name="Virginia">Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." ''International Journal of Transgenderism''. 8(4).</ref><ref name="Carlson">Neil R., Carlson. Psychology: The science of behavior. Fourth Canadian edition. isbn 978-1-57344-199-5. Pearson, 2010. P. 140–141</ref> In this model, the idea of a "biological gender" is an oxymoron: the biological aspects are not gender-related, and the gender-related aspects are not biological. In some circumstances, an individual's assigned sex and gender do not align, and the person may be [[transgender]].<ref name="Virginia"/> In other cases, an individual may have biological sex characteristics that complicate sex assignment, and the person may be intersex.

			The sex and gender distinction is not universal. In ordinary English, ''sex'' and ''gender'' are often used interchangeably.<ref name=udry>{{cite journal\|doi=10.2307/2061790 \|first1=J. Richard \|last1=Udry \|date=November 1994 \|title=The Nature of Gender \|journal=Demography \|volume=31 \|issue=4 \|pages=561–573 \|pmid=7890091 \|url=https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|jstor=2061790 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007105102/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|archive-date=7 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="haig">{{cite journal\|first1=David \|last1=Haig \|authorlink1=David Haig (biologist) \|date=April 2004 \|title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 \|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior \|volume=33 \|issue=2 \|pages=87–96 \|pmid=15146141 \|doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d \|url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090802/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf \|archive-date=25 May 2011\|citeseerx=10.1.1.359.9143 }}</ref> Some dictionaries and academic disciplines give them different definitions while others do not. Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender, and the distinction has to be made through context. On occasion, using the English word ''gender'' is appropriate.<ref name="Bograd-2015">{{cite journal\|last1=Bograd \|first1=Michele \|last2=Weingarten \|first2=Kaethe \|title=Reflections on Feminist Family Therapy Training \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|accessdate=11 February 2018 \|series=EBL-Schweitzer \|date=28 January 2015 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-317-72776-7 \|page=69 \|oclc=906056635 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090147/https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|archivedate=8 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|title=Peruskäsitteet\|access-date=2018-02-11\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090148/http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|archivedate=2018-05-08\|lang=fi}}</ref>

			Among scientists, the term ''sex differences'' (as compared to ''gender differences'') is often used for sexually dimorphic traits that are thought to be evolved results of sexual selection.<ref name="Mealey, L. 2000">Mealey, L. (2000). Sex differences. NY: Academic Press.</ref><ref name="Geary, D. C. 2009">Geary, D. C. (2009) Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association</ref>

	==Biological essentialism==		==Biological essentialism==

2600:1700:7A40:39B0:3C6F:6758:C19F:F195: /* Distinction between sex and gender */

2025-02-08T07:52:38Z

Distinction between sex and gender

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:52, 8 February 2025
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	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==
	~~The distinction between sex and gender differentiates a person's biological sex (~~the anatomy of an individual's reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics) from that person's gender, which can refer to either social roles based on the sex of the person (gender role) or personal identification of one's own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity).<ref name="Virginia">Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." ''International Journal of Transgenderism''. 8(4).</ref><ref name="Carlson">Neil R., Carlson. Psychology: The science of behavior. Fourth Canadian edition. isbn 978-1-57344-199-5. Pearson, 2010. P. 140–141</ref> In this model, the idea of a "biological gender" is an oxymoron: the biological aspects are not gender-related, and the gender-related aspects are not biological. In some circumstances, an individual's assigned sex and gender do not align, and the person may be [[transgender]].<ref name="Virginia"/> In other cases, an individual may have biological sex characteristics that complicate sex assignment, and the person may be intersex.		literally the same thing dumbasses.

	The sex and gender distinction is not universal. In ordinary English, ''sex'' and ''gender'' are often used interchangeably.<ref name=udry>{{cite journal\|doi=10.2307/2061790 \|first1=J. Richard \|last1=Udry \|date=November 1994 \|title=The Nature of Gender \|journal=Demography \|volume=31 \|issue=4 \|pages=561–573 \|pmid=7890091 \|url=https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|jstor=2061790 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007105102/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|archive-date=7 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="haig">{{cite journal\|first1=David \|last1=Haig \|authorlink1=David Haig (biologist) \|date=April 2004 \|title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 \|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior \|volume=33 \|issue=2 \|pages=87–96 \|pmid=15146141 \|doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d \|url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090802/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf \|archive-date=25 May 2011\|citeseerx=10.1.1.359.9143 }}</ref> Some dictionaries and academic disciplines give them different definitions while others do not. Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender, and the distinction has to be made through context. On occasion, using the English word ''gender'' is appropriate.<ref name="Bograd-2015">{{cite journal\|last1=Bograd \|first1=Michele \|last2=Weingarten \|first2=Kaethe \|title=Reflections on Feminist Family Therapy Training \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|accessdate=11 February 2018 \|series=EBL-Schweitzer \|date=28 January 2015 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-317-72776-7 \|page=69 \|oclc=906056635 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090147/https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|archivedate=8 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|title=Peruskäsitteet\|access-date=2018-02-11\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090148/http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|archivedate=2018-05-08\|lang=fi}}</ref>

	Among scientists, the term ''sex differences'' (as compared to ''gender differences'') is often used for sexually dimorphic traits that are thought to be evolved results of sexual selection.<ref name="Mealey, L. 2000">Mealey, L. (2000). Sex differences. NY: Academic Press.</ref><ref name="Geary, D. C. 2009">Geary, D. C. (2009) Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. Washington, D.C.~~: American Psychological Association</ref>~~

	==Biological essentialism==		==Biological essentialism==

134.195.47.165: /* Sexes of nonhuman animals */Intersex "conditions" is extremely offensive and a form of intermisia. It pathologicalizes and invalidates people who often, but not always, use intersex to describe their diverse sex characteristics. This pathologicalization invokes a long history and ongoing institutionalized violence where babies and children in the intersex community are often mutilated against their will in hospitals to fit the flawed sex characteristic binary ideology.

2025-01-15T03:47:47Z

Sexes of nonhuman animals: Intersex "conditions" is extremely offensive and a form of intermisia. It pathologicalizes and invalidates people who often, but not always, use intersex to describe their diverse sex characteristics. This pathologicalization invokes a long history and ongoing institutionalized violence where babies and children in the intersex community are often mutilated against their will in hospitals to fit the flawed sex characteristic binary ideology.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:47, 15 January 2025
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	==Sexes of nonhuman animals==		==Sexes of nonhuman animals==
	[[File:ZwitterHauhechelblaeuling.jpg\|thumb\|A Common Blue (''Polyommatus icarus'') individual that is a gynandromorph, having a female form on one side and male on the other. Gynandromorphs occur in some animal species.]]		[[File:ZwitterHauhechelblaeuling.jpg\|thumb\|A Common Blue (''Polyommatus icarus'') individual that is a gynandromorph, having a female form on one side and male on the other. Gynandromorphs occur in some animal species.]]
	One common misconception is that all animals have only male and female sexes. However, nature is much more complex and varied. Many animal species are known to have a variety of ~~intersex conditions~~, or very different kinds of sexes than occur among humans. For example: male seahorses that get pregnant, fish that change sex if there aren't enough of a particular sex in their group, female deer with antlers, lionesses with manes, lizards that lay fertile eggs after two females mate together (''parthenogenesis''), hyenas that give birth through an organ that is nearly indistinguishable from a penis, and so on. Most animals don't have sex chromosomes that are the same as the XX or XY set that are most common in humans. Learning about the diversity of animal sexes can help one recognize how much the sexes are an idea constructed by humans to describe and simplify reality, but our understanding of that reality tends to be limited by our own sexual stereotypes widespread in our culture.		One common misconception is that all animals have only male and female sexes. However, nature is much more complex and varied. Many animal species are known to have a variety of diverse sex characteristics, or very different kinds of sexes than occur among humans. For example: male seahorses that get pregnant, fish that change sex if there aren't enough of a particular sex in their group, female deer with antlers, lionesses with manes, lizards that lay fertile eggs after two females mate together (''parthenogenesis''), hyenas that give birth through an organ that is nearly indistinguishable from a penis, and so on. Most animals don't have sex chromosomes that are the same as the XX or XY set that are most common in humans. Learning about the diversity of animal sexes can help one recognize how much the sexes are an idea constructed by humans to describe and simplify reality, but our understanding of that reality tends to be limited by our own sexual stereotypes widespread in our culture.

	To learn more about the diversity of animal sexes, read Joan Roughgarden's book, ''Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People'' (2009).		To learn more about the diversity of animal sexes, read Joan Roughgarden's book, ''Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People'' (2009).

134.195.47.165: /* Biological essentialism */Separating "trans and nonbinary" insinuates nonbinary people like me (although I use different terminology to describe myself) are not really trans, even though a lot us use trans to describe ourselves. This insinuates we're not valid. This reinforces nonbinarymisia.

2025-01-15T03:11:40Z

Biological essentialism: Separating "trans and nonbinary" insinuates nonbinary people like me (although I use different terminology to describe myself) are not really trans, even though a lot us use trans to describe ourselves. This insinuates we're not valid. This reinforces nonbinarymisia.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:11, 15 January 2025
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	==Biological essentialism==		==Biological essentialism==

	The form of sexism called biological essentialism is the belief that your body is the main thing that makes you who you are. It is supposed to define you forever, no matter what you change about yourself, think about yourself, or anything. It says the gender you were assigned at birth must be your only real gender. Biological essentialism is used to justify most forms of sexism. It is harmful to virtually everyone, of any sex or gender.<ref name="Weiss">{{Cite web \|title=How Gender Essentialism Hurts Us All \|last=Weiss \|first=Suzannah \|work=Bustle \|date=13 March 2017 \|access-date=16 February 2021 \|url= https://www.bustle.com/p/7-ways-gender-essentialism-hurts-everyone-43897\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330090711/https://www.bustle.com/p/7-ways-gender-essentialism-hurts-everyone-43897 \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Some [[transgender exclusionists]] use biological essentialism to discriminate against ~~transgender and nonbinary~~ people.		The form of sexism called biological essentialism is the belief that your body is the main thing that makes you who you are. It is supposed to define you forever, no matter what you change about yourself, think about yourself, or anything. It says the gender you were assigned at birth must be your only real gender. Biological essentialism is used to justify most forms of sexism. It is harmful to virtually everyone, of any sex or gender.<ref name="Weiss">{{Cite web \|title=How Gender Essentialism Hurts Us All \|last=Weiss \|first=Suzannah \|work=Bustle \|date=13 March 2017 \|access-date=16 February 2021 \|url= https://www.bustle.com/p/7-ways-gender-essentialism-hurts-everyone-43897\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330090711/https://www.bustle.com/p/7-ways-gender-essentialism-hurts-everyone-43897 \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> Some [[transgender exclusionists]] use biological essentialism to discriminate against gender-diverse people.

	==Assigned gender at birth==		==Assigned gender at birth==

Quinn3369: Reverted edits by 2401:7400:C804:8986:9C7A:650D:8299:F8CB (talk) to last revision by Amazingakita

2024-01-05T08:18:05Z

Reverted edits by 2401:7400:C804:8986:9C7A:650D:8299:F8CB (talk) to last revision by Amazingakita

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 5 January 2024
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	{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}		{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}

	'''Sexes''' are a ~~scientific~~ system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.		'''Sexes''' are a system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.

	~~Men have penises and women have vaginas. Non-binary activists often advance arguments using anomalous data, i.e. intersex individuals, to contest this~~.

	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==

2401:7400:C804:8986:9C7A:650D:8299:F8CB: Undo revision 38955 by Amazingakita (talk)

2024-01-05T08:17:18Z

Undo revision 38955 by Amazingakita (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 5 January 2024
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	{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}		{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}

	'''Sexes''' are a system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.		'''Sexes''' are a scientific system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.

			Men have penises and women have vaginas. Non-binary activists often advance arguments using anomalous data, i.e. intersex individuals, to contest this.

	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==

Amazingakita: Reverted edits by 2401:7400:C804:8986:C48F:8D1B:E3FB:8C7E (talk) to last revision by Jolielavender

2023-12-29T16:50:12Z

Reverted edits by 2401:7400:C804:8986:C48F:8D1B:E3FB:8C7E (talk) to last revision by Jolielavender

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:50, 29 December 2023
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	{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}		{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}

	'''Sexes''' are a ~~scientific~~ system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.		'''Sexes''' are a system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.

	~~Men have penises and women have vaginas. Non-binary activists often advance arguments using anomalous data, i.e. intersex individuals, to contest this~~.

	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==

2401:7400:C804:8986:C48F:8D1B:E3FB:8C7E at 16:13, 29 December 2023

2023-12-29T16:13:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 29 December 2023
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	{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}		{{Content warning\|discrimination, and educational talk about genitals}}

	'''Sexes''' are a system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.		'''Sexes''' are a scientific system of categories, a way of putting kinds of bodies into categories. Living things of many species evolved to be specialized into their own male, female, and [[intersex]] kinds, each known as a sex. A sex is generally determined by reproductive body parts. In humans, these imply-- but do not prove-- a correlation with chromosomes. In gender studies, the sex and [[gender]] of a person are thought of as two distinct things: sex is about the body, whereas gender is about the self. What most people mean when they talk about someone's sex is their assigned gender at birth.

			Men have penises and women have vaginas. Non-binary activists often advance arguments using anomalous data, i.e. intersex individuals, to contest this.

	==Distinction between sex and gender==		==Distinction between sex and gender==

Jolielavender: Various citation oddities

2023-11-02T15:32:56Z

Various citation oddities

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 2 November 2023
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	The distinction between sex and gender differentiates a person's biological sex (the anatomy of an individual's reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics) from that person's gender, which can refer to either social roles based on the sex of the person (gender role) or personal identification of one's own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity).<ref name="Virginia">Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." ''International Journal of Transgenderism''. 8(4).</ref><ref name="Carlson">Neil R., Carlson. Psychology: The science of behavior. Fourth Canadian edition. isbn 978-1-57344-199-5. Pearson, 2010. P. 140–141</ref> In this model, the idea of a "biological gender" is an oxymoron: the biological aspects are not gender-related, and the gender-related aspects are not biological. In some circumstances, an individual's assigned sex and gender do not align, and the person may be [[transgender]].<ref name="Virginia"/> In other cases, an individual may have biological sex characteristics that complicate sex assignment, and the person may be intersex.		The distinction between sex and gender differentiates a person's biological sex (the anatomy of an individual's reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics) from that person's gender, which can refer to either social roles based on the sex of the person (gender role) or personal identification of one's own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity).<ref name="Virginia">Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." ''International Journal of Transgenderism''. 8(4).</ref><ref name="Carlson">Neil R., Carlson. Psychology: The science of behavior. Fourth Canadian edition. isbn 978-1-57344-199-5. Pearson, 2010. P. 140–141</ref> In this model, the idea of a "biological gender" is an oxymoron: the biological aspects are not gender-related, and the gender-related aspects are not biological. In some circumstances, an individual's assigned sex and gender do not align, and the person may be [[transgender]].<ref name="Virginia"/> In other cases, an individual may have biological sex characteristics that complicate sex assignment, and the person may be intersex.

	The sex and gender distinction is not universal. In ordinary English, ''sex'' and ''gender'' are often used interchangeably.<ref name=udry>{{cite journal\|doi=10.2307/2061790 \|first1=J. Richard \|last1=Udry \|date=November 1994 \|title=The Nature of Gender \|journal=Demography \|volume=31 \|issue=4 \|pages=561–573 \|pmid=7890091 \|url=https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|jstor=2061790 ~~\|deadurl=no \|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20161211012757/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|archivedate=2016-12-11 \|df=~~ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20230516152723~~/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|archive-date=~~17 July 2023~~ }}</ref><ref name="haig">{{cite journal\|first1=David \|last1=Haig \|authorlink1=David Haig (biologist) \|date=April 2004 \|title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 \|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior \|volume=33 \|issue=2 \|pages=87–96 \|pmid=15146141 \|doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d \|url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090802/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf \|archive-date=25 May 2011 ~~\|deadurl=yes \|df=~~ \|citeseerx=10.1.1.359.9143 }}</ref> Some dictionaries and academic disciplines give them different definitions while others do not. Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender, and the distinction has to be made through context. On occasion, using the English word ''gender'' is appropriate.<ref name="Bograd-2015">{{cite journal\|last1=Bograd \|first1=Michele \|last2=Weingarten \|first2=Kaethe \|title=Reflections on Feminist Family Therapy Training \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|accessdate=11 February 2018 \|series=EBL-Schweitzer \|date=28 January 2015 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-317-72776-7 \|page=69 \|oclc=906056635 ~~\|deadurl=no~~ \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090147/https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|archivedate=8 May 2018 ~~\|df= \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102100109/https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|archive-date=17 July 2023~~ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|title=Peruskäsitteet\|access-date=2018-02-11~~\|deadurl=no~~\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090148/http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|archivedate=2018-05-08\|df=~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614051735/http://global.finland.~~fi~~:80/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|archive-date=17 July 2023~~}} ~~(in Finnish)~~</ref>		The sex and gender distinction is not universal. In ordinary English, ''sex'' and ''gender'' are often used interchangeably.<ref name=udry>{{cite journal\|doi=10.2307/2061790 \|first1=J. Richard \|last1=Udry \|date=November 1994 \|title=The Nature of Gender \|journal=Demography \|volume=31 \|issue=4 \|pages=561–573 \|pmid=7890091 \|url=https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|jstor=2061790 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007105102/https://www.unc.edu/courses/2006fall/econ/586/001/Readings/Udry_Nature_Gender.pdf \|archive-date=7 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="haig">{{cite journal\|first1=David \|last1=Haig \|authorlink1=David Haig (biologist) \|date=April 2004 \|title=The Inexorable Rise of Gender and the Decline of Sex: Social Change in Academic Titles, 1945–2001 \|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior \|volume=33 \|issue=2 \|pages=87–96 \|pmid=15146141 \|doi=10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014323.56281.0d \|url=http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/publications_files/04inexorablerise.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525090802/http://www.oeb.harvard.edu/faculty/haig/Publications_files/04InexorableRise.pdf \|archive-date=25 May 2011\|citeseerx=10.1.1.359.9143 }}</ref> Some dictionaries and academic disciplines give them different definitions while others do not. Some languages, such as German or Finnish, have no separate words for sex and gender, and the distinction has to be made through context. On occasion, using the English word ''gender'' is appropriate.<ref name="Bograd-2015">{{cite journal\|last1=Bograd \|first1=Michele \|last2=Weingarten \|first2=Kaethe \|title=Reflections on Feminist Family Therapy Training \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|accessdate=11 February 2018 \|series=EBL-Schweitzer \|date=28 January 2015 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=New York \|isbn=978-1-317-72776-7 \|page=69 \|oclc=906056635 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090147/https://books.google.com/books?id=JHlsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 \|archivedate=8 May 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|title=Peruskäsitteet\|access-date=2018-02-11\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508090148/http://global.finland.fi/gender/ngo/peruskasitteet.htm\|archivedate=2018-05-08\|lang=fi}}</ref>

	Among scientists, the term ''sex differences'' (as compared to ''gender differences'') is often used for sexually dimorphic traits that are thought to be evolved results of sexual selection.<ref name="Mealey, L. 2000">Mealey, L. (2000). Sex differences. NY: Academic Press.</ref><ref name="Geary, D. C. 2009">Geary, D. C. (2009) Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association</ref>		Among scientists, the term ''sex differences'' (as compared to ''gender differences'') is often used for sexually dimorphic traits that are thought to be evolved results of sexual selection.<ref name="Mealey, L. 2000">Mealey, L. (2000). Sex differences. NY: Academic Press.</ref><ref name="Geary, D. C. 2009">Geary, D. C. (2009) Male, Female: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association</ref>