Uranian - Revision history

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

2026-02-19T01:27:48Z

Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:27, 19 February 2026
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	A pride flag for the Uranian identity was posted to the Tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags in February of 2021. The flag is composed of six horizontal stripes which, from top to bottom, are dark blue (#3c2992), blue (#338dc0), yellow (#e6dd77), pink (#e698c5), light purple (#c157cd), and dark purple (#60417b).		A pride flag for the Uranian identity was posted to the Tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags in February of 2021. The flag is composed of six horizontal stripes which, from top to bottom, are dark blue (#3c2992), blue (#338dc0), yellow (#e6dd77), pink (#e698c5), light purple (#c157cd), and dark purple (#60417b).

	Also in 2021, a Discord server was created for Uranians & Urnings, as well as people questioning if they are Uranian/Urning, and people generally interested in LGBT history of the late 1800s to 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=hallo!!! a friend and i have created a discord server centered around uranians/urnings and our history. \|author= \|work=flamingcreature \|date=31 August 2021 \|access-date=7 November 2021 \|url= https://flamingcreature.tumblr.com/post/661070409627795456/hallo-a-friend-and-i-have-created-a-discord\|archive-url=False \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref>		Also in 2021, a Discord server was created for Uranians & Urnings, as well as people questioning if they are Uranian/Urning, and people generally interested in LGBT history of the late 1800s to 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=hallo!!! a friend and i have created a discord server centered around uranians/urnings and our history. \|author= \|work=flamingcreature \|date=31 August 2021 \|access-date=7 November 2021 \|url=https://flamingcreature.tumblr.com/post/661070409627795456/hallo-a-friend-and-i-have-created-a-discord \|archive-url=False \|archive-date=17 July 2023 }}{{Dead link\|date=February 2026 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

2023-07-21T12:51:02Z

Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

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	'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>		'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

	Although the specific distinction between the sub-classifications of Uranians originally existed, by the early-20th century the original sub-classifications were rarely used, and Uranian on its own had broadened into an umbrella term for homosexual men, third gender people,<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sexual Inversion\|last=Ellis\|first=Havelock\|publisher=F. A. Davis Company\|year=1901\|location=Philadelphia\|pages=227-231\|language=en\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> nonbinary people, and others.		Although the specific distinction between the sub-classifications of Uranians originally existed, by the early-20th century the original sub-classifications were rarely used, and Uranian on its own had broadened into an umbrella term for homosexual men, third gender people,<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sexual Inversion\|last=Ellis\|first=Havelock\|publisher=F. A. Davis Company\|year=1901\|location=Philadelphia\|pages=227-231\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721125052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=23 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> nonbinary people, and others.

	In a book by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs from 1868, where where the term ''Urning'' (a German word from which the English "Uranian" is said to have derived) is first used, the separate term [[Urningin]] is proposed. This is defined as homosexual, assigned female at birth people who identify and express themselves in a generally-masculine way.<ref name="Ulrichs2">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=6\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Urningin was rarely used however, and its meaning was (by the early-20th century) generally considered to fall within the range of meanings of Uranian on its own.		In a book by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs from 1868, where where the term ''Urning'' (a German word from which the English "Uranian" is said to have derived) is first used, the separate term [[Urningin]] is proposed. This is defined as homosexual, assigned female at birth people who identify and express themselves in a generally-masculine way.<ref name="Ulrichs2">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=6\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Urningin was rarely used however, and its meaning was (by the early-20th century) generally considered to fall within the range of meanings of Uranian on its own.
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	====Adolf====		====Adolf====
	[[File:Uranian drawing.PNG\|thumb\|311x311px\|A drawing made by Adolf, a schizophrenia patient who identified himself as Uranian, when explaining his gender identity to the psychoanalyst Dudley Ward Fay in 1922.]]		[[File:Uranian drawing.PNG\|thumb\|311x311px\|A drawing made by Adolf, a schizophrenia patient who identified himself as Uranian, when explaining his gender identity to the psychoanalyst Dudley Ward Fay in 1922.]]
	In 1922, Dudley Ward Fay, a psychoanalyst, visited a hospital for mental illnesses where he came into contact with a person, diagnosed with schizophrenia, who identified himself as a Uranian. (Fay uses he/him pronouns in his work to refer to the individual.) As part of an agreement reached concerning publication, Fay refers to the individual as Adolf, withholding his true identity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=267\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> There was no correlation between Adolf's schizophrenia diagnosis and his gender identity, with both relating to Adolf simply being a coincidence. Both before experiencing any symptoms of schizophrenia, and being released from the hospital, Adolf is reported to have made remarks and conducted himself in ways not traditionally seen as completely masculine.		In 1922, Dudley Ward Fay, a psychoanalyst, visited a hospital for mental illnesses where he came into contact with a person, diagnosed with schizophrenia, who identified himself as a Uranian. (Fay uses he/him pronouns in his work to refer to the individual.) As part of an agreement reached concerning publication, Fay refers to the individual as Adolf, withholding his true identity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=267\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> There was no correlation between Adolf's schizophrenia diagnosis and his gender identity, with both relating to Adolf simply being a coincidence. Both before experiencing any symptoms of schizophrenia, and being released from the hospital, Adolf is reported to have made remarks and conducted himself in ways not traditionally seen as completely masculine.


	In an interview with his parents, Adolf was described as having "never cared much for rough and tumble play and was inclined to play indoors and read rather than mingle with studier boys outside."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=269\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> During his late-teens, Adolf became romantically involved with several men, occasionally making remarks that less-masculine men were superior to more masculine ones. During this same period, many of his actions and decisions became more rash, eventually culminating in an episode of psychosis requiring hospitalization. During the first day of his hospitalization, Adolf revealed to his doctor that he was "of the intermediate sex (not strongly masculine)".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=275\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Resulting from his schizophrenia, many of Adolf's statements became progressively more unclear and nonsensical, although reflecting on his gender identity was a reoccurring theme:		In an interview with his parents, Adolf was described as having "never cared much for rough and tumble play and was inclined to play indoors and read rather than mingle with studier boys outside."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=269\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> During his late-teens, Adolf became romantically involved with several men, occasionally making remarks that less-masculine men were superior to more masculine ones. During this same period, many of his actions and decisions became more rash, eventually culminating in an episode of psychosis requiring hospitalization. During the first day of his hospitalization, Adolf revealed to his doctor that he was "of the intermediate sex (not strongly masculine)".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=275\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Resulting from his schizophrenia, many of Adolf's statements became progressively more unclear and nonsensical, although reflecting on his gender identity was a reoccurring theme:
	{{quote\|"I'm ambidextrous, ambisextrous. I'm intermediate sex."<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=281\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|"I'm ambidextrous, ambisextrous. I'm intermediate sex."<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=281\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>}}
	{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>}}
	By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>		By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

	=== Modern-day usage ===		=== Modern-day usage ===

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imported>TXJ: /* Modern-day usage */

2021-11-07T18:13:39Z

Modern-day usage

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	A pride flag for the Uranian identity was posted to the Tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags in February of 2021. The flag is composed of six horizontal stripes which, from top to bottom, are dark blue (#3c2992), blue (#338dc0), yellow (#e6dd77), pink (#e698c5), light purple (#c157cd), and dark purple (#60417b).		A pride flag for the Uranian identity was posted to the Tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags in February of 2021. The flag is composed of six horizontal stripes which, from top to bottom, are dark blue (#3c2992), blue (#338dc0), yellow (#e6dd77), pink (#e698c5), light purple (#c157cd), and dark purple (#60417b).

			Also in 2021, a Discord server was created for Uranians & Urnings, as well as people questioning if they are Uranian/Urning, and people generally interested in LGBT history of the late 1800s to 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=hallo!!! a friend and i have created a discord server centered around uranians/urnings and our history. \|author= \|work=flamingcreature \|date=31 August 2021 \|access-date=7 November 2021 \|url= https://flamingcreature.tumblr.com/post/661070409627795456/hallo-a-friend-and-i-have-created-a-discord}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

imported>TXJ: /* Modern-day usage */

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Modern-day usage

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	=== Modern-day usage ===		=== Modern-day usage ===
	In the 2021 [[Gender Census]], three respondents (0.01% of people) wrote that they identify as uranian.<ref name="GC2021">{{cite web \|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WCFvopijdsWAsT6NGGnjUB7QpLmrs584Q9slbId3JDw/edit#gid=260963482\|title=[GC2021] Identity \|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>		In the 2021 [[Gender Census]], three respondents (0.01% of people) wrote that they identify as uranian.<ref name="GC2021">{{cite web \|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WCFvopijdsWAsT6NGGnjUB7QpLmrs584Q9slbId3JDw/edit#gid=260963482\|title=[GC2021] Identity \|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>

			A pride flag for the Uranian identity was posted to the Tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags in February of 2021. The flag is composed of six horizontal stripes which, from top to bottom, are dark blue (#3c2992), blue (#338dc0), yellow (#e6dd77), pink (#e698c5), light purple (#c157cd), and dark purple (#60417b).

	== See also ==		== See also ==

imported>Armorica Online: Attempt at updating photo in gallery with new version

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Attempt at updating photo in gallery with new version

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	=== Classification ===		=== Classification ===
	Due to most people rejecting the legitimacy of Uranians' gender identity, very little scholarly work was conducted after Ulrichs' original work on the subject. In Prof. Frey's work regarding the legal challenges Uranians face, he created his own system of gender classification in order to explain their position between binary men and women. His classification puts human gender identity upon a spectrum, with Uranians encompassing an area between muliebrity (female attributes and identity) and virility (male attributes and identity).<ref name="Frey" /> Within the Uranian section of the spectrum, Ulrichs' sub-classifications could then be placed, solely on gender identity rather than sexuality. Prof. Frey's work, although extremely progressive for 1898, seems to interpret "Uranian" very broadly, almost in a sense similar to how nonbinary is used today.<gallery widths="260" heights="170">		Due to most people rejecting the legitimacy of Uranians' gender identity, very little scholarly work was conducted after Ulrichs' original work on the subject. In Prof. Frey's work regarding the legal challenges Uranians face, he created his own system of gender classification in order to explain their position between binary men and women. His classification puts human gender identity upon a spectrum, with Uranians encompassing an area between muliebrity (female attributes and identity) and virility (male attributes and identity).<ref name="Frey" /> Within the Uranian section of the spectrum, Ulrichs' sub-classifications could then be placed, solely on gender identity rather than sexuality. Prof. Frey's work, although extremely progressive for 1898, seems to interpret "Uranian" very broadly, almost in a sense similar to how nonbinary is used today.<gallery widths="260" heights="170">
	File:Ludwig Frey charts - original.png\|Three charts featured at the end of an 1898 book written by Prof. Ludwig Frey. The middle chart, Schema II., depicts the "Position of the Uranians within the sequence of ~~sexes~~" (''Stellung des Urningtums in der Geschlechtsreihe'')		File:Ludwig Frey charts - original.png\|Three charts featured at the end of an 1898 book written by Prof. Ludwig Frey. The middle chart, Schema II., depicts the "Position of the Uranians within the sequence of genders" (''Stellung des Urningtums in der Geschlechtsreihe'')
	File:Ludwig Frey charts - translated.png\|Translated and digitally-restored versions of Frey's charts, which (as the German did) use the terms "muliebrity" to refer to female attributes and identity, while "virility" refers to male ones.		File:Ludwig Frey charts - translated.png\|Translated and digitally-restored versions of Frey's charts, which (as the German did) use the terms "muliebrity" to refer to female attributes and identity, while "virility" refers to male ones.
	</gallery>		</gallery>

imported>Armorica Online: Two minor corrections

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Two minor corrections

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	{{content warning\|terminology which may be outdated and/or insensitive, references to homophobia and anti-nonbinary statements and actions, as well as references to mental illness and ~~conversion therapy~~}}{{Personal story		{{content warning\|terminology which may be outdated and/or insensitive, references to homophobia and anti-nonbinary statements and actions, as well as references to mental illness and nonbinary erasure}}{{Personal story
	\| quote = I am a complete Weibling. I prefer to do female handicrafts, and if it was possible, I would also dress feminine... To the world however, I have to show myself in the customs of men.		\| quote = I am a complete Weibling. I prefer to do female handicrafts, and if it was possible, I would also dress feminine... To the world however, I have to show myself in the customs of men.
	\| name = Unknown		\| name = Unknown
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	By the 1920s or 1930s, the term Uranian had fallen out of common usage, most likely due to a frequent lack of definition, general impreciseness, and the rise of other terms.		By the 1920s or 1930s, the term Uranian had fallen out of common usage, most likely due to a frequent lack of definition, general impreciseness, and the rise of other terms.

	In the modern day, the term Uranian has seen a slight revival in usage by some members of the LGBT community in explaining sexual identity~~. It does not seem~~ as ~~though there have been any uses of the term in the sense of~~ gender identity ~~however, not at least since its original decline almost a century ago~~.		In the modern day, the term Uranian has seen a slight revival in usage by some members of the LGBT community in explaining sexual identity, as well as by some others to describe their gender identity.

	==Terminology==		==Terminology==

imported>TXJ: /* History */

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History

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	{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9}}</ref>}}
	By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9}}</ref>		By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9}}</ref>

			=== Modern-day usage ===
			In the 2021 [[Gender Census]], three respondents (0.01% of people) wrote that they identify as uranian.<ref name="GC2021">{{cite web \|url=https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WCFvopijdsWAsT6NGGnjUB7QpLmrs584Q9slbId3JDw/edit#gid=260963482\|title=[GC2021] Identity \|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

imported>TXJ at 13:23, 2 July 2021

2021-07-02T13:23:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 2 July 2021
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	\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}		\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}

	[[File:Uranian by ap.png\|thumb\|An Uranian pride flag posted in 2021~~, by AP of the tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags~~.]]		[[File:Uranian by ap.png\|thumb\|An Uranian pride flag posted in 2021.]]

	'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>		'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>

imported>TXJ: Flag

2021-07-02T13:20:39Z

Flag

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 2 July 2021
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	\| identity = Uranian		\| identity = Uranian
	\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}		\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}

			[[File:Uranian by ap.png\|thumb\|An Uranian pride flag posted in 2021, by AP of the tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags.]]

	'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>		'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:51, 21 July 2023
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	'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>		'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>

	Although the specific distinction between the sub-classifications of Uranians originally existed, by the early-20th century the original sub-classifications were rarely used, and Uranian on its own had broadened into an umbrella term for homosexual men, third gender people,<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sexual Inversion\|last=Ellis\|first=Havelock\|publisher=F. A. Davis Company\|year=1901\|location=Philadelphia\|pages=227-231\|language=en\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> nonbinary people, and others.		Although the specific distinction between the sub-classifications of Uranians originally existed, by the early-20th century the original sub-classifications were rarely used, and Uranian on its own had broadened into an umbrella term for homosexual men, third gender people,<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sexual Inversion\|last=Ellis\|first=Havelock\|publisher=F. A. Davis Company\|year=1901\|location=Philadelphia\|pages=227-231\|language=en\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721125052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=23 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> nonbinary people, and others.

	In a book by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs from 1868, where where the term ''Urning'' (a German word from which the English "Uranian" is said to have derived) is first used, the separate term [[Urningin]] is proposed. This is defined as homosexual, assigned female at birth people who identify and express themselves in a generally-masculine way.<ref name="Ulrichs2">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=6\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Urningin was rarely used however, and its meaning was (by the early-20th century) generally considered to fall within the range of meanings of Uranian on its own.		In a book by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs from 1868, where where the term ''Urning'' (a German word from which the English "Uranian" is said to have derived) is first used, the separate term [[Urningin]] is proposed. This is defined as homosexual, assigned female at birth people who identify and express themselves in a generally-masculine way.<ref name="Ulrichs2">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=6\|archive-url=False\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Urningin was rarely used however, and its meaning was (by the early-20th century) generally considered to fall within the range of meanings of Uranian on its own.
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	====Adolf====		====Adolf====
	[[File:Uranian drawing.PNG\|thumb\|311x311px\|A drawing made by Adolf, a schizophrenia patient who identified himself as Uranian, when explaining his gender identity to the psychoanalyst Dudley Ward Fay in 1922.]]		[[File:Uranian drawing.PNG\|thumb\|311x311px\|A drawing made by Adolf, a schizophrenia patient who identified himself as Uranian, when explaining his gender identity to the psychoanalyst Dudley Ward Fay in 1922.]]
	In 1922, Dudley Ward Fay, a psychoanalyst, visited a hospital for mental illnesses where he came into contact with a person, diagnosed with schizophrenia, who identified himself as a Uranian. (Fay uses he/him pronouns in his work to refer to the individual.) As part of an agreement reached concerning publication, Fay refers to the individual as Adolf, withholding his true identity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=267\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> There was no correlation between Adolf's schizophrenia diagnosis and his gender identity, with both relating to Adolf simply being a coincidence. Both before experiencing any symptoms of schizophrenia, and being released from the hospital, Adolf is reported to have made remarks and conducted himself in ways not traditionally seen as completely masculine.		In 1922, Dudley Ward Fay, a psychoanalyst, visited a hospital for mental illnesses where he came into contact with a person, diagnosed with schizophrenia, who identified himself as a Uranian. (Fay uses he/him pronouns in his work to refer to the individual.) As part of an agreement reached concerning publication, Fay refers to the individual as Adolf, withholding his true identity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=267\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> There was no correlation between Adolf's schizophrenia diagnosis and his gender identity, with both relating to Adolf simply being a coincidence. Both before experiencing any symptoms of schizophrenia, and being released from the hospital, Adolf is reported to have made remarks and conducted himself in ways not traditionally seen as completely masculine.


	In an interview with his parents, Adolf was described as having "never cared much for rough and tumble play and was inclined to play indoors and read rather than mingle with studier boys outside."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=269\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> During his late-teens, Adolf became romantically involved with several men, occasionally making remarks that less-masculine men were superior to more masculine ones. During this same period, many of his actions and decisions became more rash, eventually culminating in an episode of psychosis requiring hospitalization. During the first day of his hospitalization, Adolf revealed to his doctor that he was "of the intermediate sex (not strongly masculine)".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=275\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Resulting from his schizophrenia, many of Adolf's statements became progressively more unclear and nonsensical, although reflecting on his gender identity was a reoccurring theme:		In an interview with his parents, Adolf was described as having "never cared much for rough and tumble play and was inclined to play indoors and read rather than mingle with studier boys outside."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=269\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> During his late-teens, Adolf became romantically involved with several men, occasionally making remarks that less-masculine men were superior to more masculine ones. During this same period, many of his actions and decisions became more rash, eventually culminating in an episode of psychosis requiring hospitalization. During the first day of his hospitalization, Adolf revealed to his doctor that he was "of the intermediate sex (not strongly masculine)".<ref name=":2">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=275\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Resulting from his schizophrenia, many of Adolf's statements became progressively more unclear and nonsensical, although reflecting on his gender identity was a reoccurring theme:
	{{quote\|"I'm ambidextrous, ambisextrous. I'm intermediate sex."<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=281\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|"I'm ambidextrous, ambisextrous. I'm intermediate sex."<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=281\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>}}
	{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}}		{{quote\|[I'm] Uranian. Uranus for the benefit of the Uranians.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=283\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>}}
	By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=~~False~~\|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>		By the fourth month of Adolf's observation by Fay, he seems to have identified more so as Uranian and/or female than any point previously. Many of Adolf's statements during his hospitalization were significantly affected by his schizophrenia, although upon his release, he still considered himself to be at least somewhat less male than his peers. Begun shortly before, and continued after his release, Fay attempted to pressure Adolf toward "trying to become male", which may be considered an attempt at [[nonbinary erasure]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|title=The Psychoanalytic Review\|date=1922\|publisher=National Psychological Association for Psychoanalysis\|year=1922\|location=Washington, D.C.\|pages=323\|language=en\|volume=9\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115052/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=67BIAAAAYAAJ\|archive-date=21 July 2023\|access-date=21 June 2021\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

	=== Modern-day usage ===		=== Modern-day usage ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 2 July 2021
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	\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}		\|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ\|title=Prometheus\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung\|year=1870\|volume=10\|location=Leipzig\|pages=14\|language=de}}</ref>}}

	[[File:Uranian by ap.png\|thumb\|An Uranian pride flag posted in 2021~~, by AP of the tumblr blog Beyond MOGAI Pride Flags~~.]]		[[File:Uranian by ap.png\|thumb\|An Uranian pride flag posted in 2021.]]

	'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>		'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes\|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ\|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe\|last=Ulrichs\|first=Karl Heinrich\|date=\|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)\|others=\|year=1868\|location=Leipzig\|pages=10}}</ref>