Bigender/fi

Bisukupuoli on sukupuoli-identiteetti, joka kuuluu monisukupuolsisiin-, muunsukupuolisiin- ja transsukupuolisiin identiteetteihin. Bisukupuolisilla on kaksi erillistä sukupuolta, joko samanaikaisesti tai eriaikaisesti. Jälkimmäinen on muoto vaihtelevasta sukupuolesta. Se voi sisältää vaihtelua kahden sukupuolen välillä tai harmaata noiden kahden välillä. Nuo kaksi sukupuolta voivat olla binäärisiä, jollaiseksi bisukupuolisuus usein ymmärretään, mutta voi myös sisältää muunsukupuolisen sukupuolia. Bisukupuolisuus on American Psychologic Associationin (APA) tunnustama transukupuoli-identiteetti.

Historia
In the 1980s, a trans organization called the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute defined "bigenderist" as a type of androgyne, with the latter being defined as "a person who can comfortably express either alternative gender role in a variety of socially acceptable environments."

In 1992, Donna Mobley wrote in The Femme Mirror magazine: "I'm neither a man pretending to be a woman nor a woman pretending to be a man. I'm dual-gendered and happily so. Don and Donna coexist and together they make up who and all that I truly am. To lose either part would leave me empty, since neither can exist without the other."

A trans man named Gary Bowen defined "bigendered" as "having two genders, exihibiting[sic] cultural characteristics of male and female roles" in his 1995 ''Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women".

Vuoden 1997 dokumentti International Journal of Transgenderism -lehdessä totesi "henkilö, joka tuntee tai toimii kuin mies sekä nainen voi kokea olevansa bisukupuolinen". Dokumentti myös kuvasi henkilöitä, jotka olivat kumpaakin binääristä sukupuolta, mutta olivat "enemmän miestä kuin naista" tai "enemmän naista kuin miestä".

Vuonna 1999 "San Francisco Department of public Healt":n tekemä kysely huomasi, kuinka transyhteisön keskuudessä alle 3% syntyessä miehiksi ilmoitetuista ja alle 8% syntymässä naisiksi merkatuista identifioi itsensä bisukupuolisiksi.

Vuoden 2010 tietosanakirjassa bisukupuolisuus oli listattuna neutraalien sukupuolten tyyppinä. "Neutraalit sukupuolet sisältävät pansukupuolen, bisukupuolen, ambisukupuolen ei-sukupuolisuuden, sukupuolettomuuden, genderfluidin ja intersukupuolen."

In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of genderfluid people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders." These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now.

Vuoden 2014 Facebookissa bisukupuolisuus oli lisätty yhdeksi viidestäkymmenestäkuudesta sukupuolivaihtoehdosta.

In July of 2014, two bigender pride flag designs by Tumblr user no-bucks-for-this-doe were posted on the blog "pridearchive". The first flag has seven horizontal stripes: two shades of pink on the top, followed by a lavender stripe, white middle stripe, another lavender stripe, and two shades of blue on the bottom. The second flag is the same except that the middle stripe is a gradient of white-to-grey. The color meanings were given thusly: "Here's what the flag colours mean:

Pinks: Femininity

Blues: Masculinity

Purple: Nonbinary

White transitioning to Grey: Agender and other neutral genders

The placement of the pink and blue stripes on opposite ends of the flag are to represent a sense of separation, yet coexistence between masculinity and femininity"

In later years, many alternate bigender pride flags were created after allegations that no-bucks-for-this-doe was transphobic and predatory.

Vuonna 2015 "Dictionary.com" lisäsi kohdan bisukupuolisuudelle tekstillä "henkilö, jolla on kaksi sukupuoli-identiteettiä tai yhdistelmä kahdesta sukupuolesta."

Vuonna 2017 bisukupuolisuus oli yksi 37:stä sukupuolivaihtoehdosta Tinderissä.

Sukupuolen näyttäminen ulkonäössä
Bisukupuoliset ihmiset "liikkuvat feminiinisen ja maskuliinisen sukupuolityypitetyn käyttäytymisen välillä konteksista riippuen. Jotkut bisukupuoliset henkilöt näyttävät ulospäin selkeästi naisellisen persoonan tai selkeästi miehekkään persoonan. ... Jotkut taas ovat enemmän harmaan sävyjä siitä väliltä."

Tunnettuja bisukupuolisia ihmisiä


Engallinen kielinen pääartikkeli: Notable nonbinary people (käännös ei taattua)

On monia tunnettuja ihmisiä, jotka eivät sovi "normaaliin" binääriseen ymmärrykseen sukupuolesta. Tässä on lista niistä julkkiksista, jotka ovat vahvistetusti bisukupuolisia.


 * The Slovakian musician B-Complex (aka Matia or Maťo Lenická) is a drum and bass music producer and DJ. Prefers the name Maťo when presenting as a man and the name Matia when presenting as a woman. The artist's first major label release was "Beautiful Lies", which appeared on the compilation Sick Music from Hospital Records. The compilation went on to reach the top 30 on the iTunes UK Download Chart, and was in the top 5 on the Beatport Drum and Bass Chart. B-Complex goes by she/her pronouns (according to her Soundcloud bio), and says, "I happen to be a transgendered person as well, bi-gender in particular."


 * Canadian sci-fi writer A.M. Dellamonica describes themself as "bigendered".


 * The Ukranian writer R.B. Lemberg is bigender. Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine.


 * James-Beth Merritt, the author of the 2018 book Bi-Gender: A Candid Nonbinary Memoir.


 * The young adult novelist Mia Siegert is bigender. Siegert's debut novel Jerkbait made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop!

Bigender characters in fiction
There are many more nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "bigender," either in their canon, or by their creators.


 * But I'm A Cat Person by Erin Ptah - Urban fantasy webcomic featuring a bigender character - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - as well as numerous 'Beings' who are able to take on both male and female forms. Also features various LGBT characters. Updates three times a week.
 * Mia Siegert's novel Somebody Told Me has a bigender protagonist who goes by Alexis and/or Aleks.
 * The protagonist of Baker Thief, by Claudie Arseneault, is bigender and aromantic.
 * Why We Fight, by T.J. Klune, has a bigender protagonist.
 * Currently-in-development dating sim The Office Type includes the character Mx. Hura Stapleton, who is bigender.
 * Currently-in-development dating sim Repurpose includes the character Cheri, who is bigender and omnisexual.
 * Currently-in-development visual novel ValiDate: Struggling Singles in your Area includes the character Emhari Abdi, who is a bigender lesbian. Emhari uses both "he/him" and "she/her" pronouns.