Genderfluid/ja

ジェンダーフルイド（Genderfluid）とは、マルチジェンダー、ノンバイナリー、トランスジェンダーの傘下のアイデンティティの一つである. ジェンダー・フルイドな個人は、異なる時期に異なるジェンダーアイデンティティを持つ. ジェンダーフルイドの人のジェンダー・アイデンティティは、一度に複数の性であり、その後全くないものに切り替わるか、単一のジェンダー・アイデンティティの間を移動するか、あるいはそれらと他の組み合わせもあり得る. あるジェンダーフルイドの人々にとって、これらの変化は1日に数回という頻度で起こり、他の人々にとっては毎月、あるいはそれ以下の頻度で起こることがある. あるジェンダーフルイドの人々は、いくつかの特定の性別、おそらくは2つほどの性別の間を定期的に移動し（これはバイジェンダーというラベルの下にも当てはまる）、一方で他のジェンダーフルイドの人々は、次にどんな気分になるのか分からないままである.

読みやすくするために、この記事では、流動的な性別を経験するすべての人に「ジェンダーフルイド」という言葉を使います. 流動的な性別を経験する人の中には、自分自身に対して「ジェンダーフルイド」という言葉を使わない人もいる. 流動的な性別を持つ人の中には、ジェンダークィア、バイジェンダー、マルチジェンダー、ジェンダーフェイ、ポリジェンダーなど、他のラベルを使う人もいる. 自分のジェンダー・アイデンティティをどう呼ぶかは、それぞれの人に決定権があることを理解することが重要である.

History
Kate Bornstein mentioned gender fluidity in 1994, in the book Gender Outlaw: On Men, Women and the Rest of Us, "and then I found that gender can have fluidity, which is quite different from ambiguity. If ambiguity is a refusal to fall within a prescribed gender code, then fluidity is the refusal to remain one gender or another. Gender fluidity is the ability to freely and knowingly become one or many of a limitless number of genders, for any length of time, at any rate of change. Gender fluidity recognizes no borders or rules of gender."

「ジェンダーフルイド」という言葉は、やや異なる意味を持ちつつも、少なくとも1990年代から使われている. トランスジェンダーの提唱者であるマイケル・M・ヘルナンデスは、1996年にこう書いている.

"ジェンダー・フルイドとは、そのジェンダー・アイデンティティや表現が男性的と女性的の両方を包含していることを意味する. ジェンダー・フルイディティは一般にトランスジェンダーとして知られるようになりつつある. 生物学的、感情的、政治的、その他に関わらず、ジェンダーを超越する能力であり、まさに男性と女性が混在している."

1990年代から2000年代にかけては、ジェンダー・フルイドの人たちがバイジェンダーやジェンダークィアを名乗ることがより一般的だった可能性がある. それ以前は、クロスドレッサーを自称していたこともあり得る.

The earliest extant entry for "gender fluid" in the Urban Dictionary was added in 2007.

In 2010, the Gender-Fluid community was created on LiveJournal.

In 2012, JJ Poole (tumblr user thoughtstoberemembered) created what would become the most widely-used genderfluid flag.

「Gender Fluid」は2014年にFacebookで公開された56種類の性別のうちの1つである.

In 2015, Dictionary.com added an entry for "gender-fluid,"  which it defined as an adjective meaning "noting or relating to a person whose gender identity or gender expression is not fixed and shifts over time or depending on the situation." It listed as synonyms genderfluid, gender fluid, and gender-flexible.

In 2018, Washington state began to allow "X" gender markers on official documents, with the law stating that ""X" means a gender that is not exclusively male or female, including, but not limited to, intersex, agender, amalgagender, androgynous, bigender, demigender, female-to-male, genderfluid, genderqueer, male-to-female, neutrois, nonbinary, pangender, third sex, transgender, transsexual, Two Spirit, and unspecified."

Influences on gender fluidity
Usually, gender fluidity happens by itself, so that a person feels like, say, a girl at a certain time, rather than choosing to be a girl at a certain time. Some genderfluid people find that no outside or inside things tend to influence their gender identity to change. They find that their gender fluidity is unpredictable and happens randomly. Other genderfluid people find that their gender changes depending on the situation and is influenced by inside or outside sources. Some move from one gender to the next on a regular cycle, resembling a lunar cycle, or synchronizing with their menstrual cycle. Other genderfluid people are sometimes able to use their willpower to guide their gender to change in a way and/or at the time that they want it to.

月経周期と性別の流動性への影響
まだはっきりとはしていませんが、月経周期と相関する性別の変化は、月経中にホルモンレベルが自然に上下することによって引き起こされる可能性がある. しかし、性自認が月経周期と一緒に動くと誤解している可能性もあり、それを確かめる唯一の方法は、毎日日記をつけることである. そのような日記は、次のようなものである. After enough data is collected, any patterns that exist should become visible. These patterns could include feeling like a certain gender during a certain day in the cycle or feeling like a certain gender at times when a certain hormone, such as estrogen, is highest/lowest. Similar tables can be used to track if gender identity is connected to a different cycle.

In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of genderfluid people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They "hypothesize[d] that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders." Case and Ramachandran believe that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it may have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with a natural body cycle, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). However, this idea is still only a hypothesis, and more study is needed to confirm it.

Gender expression
Genderfluid people often feel a need to change their gender expression to match whatever their current gender has become. This may mean having groups of different kinds of clothing in their closet, so they can dress as a woman, man, or otherwise, depending on how they feel that day. It can also mean temporarily changing their body shape by using binding, packing, breast prostheses, or tucking. However, in some situations, changing gender expression isn't possible. This could be because the changes happen more than once a day, because they don't look androgynous, or because they don't feel safe in society if they were to present a certain way.

Genderfluid people don't necessarily look androgynous. They don't necessarily have an ambiguous face, body, or way of dress.

Gender dysphoria, or feeling painfully uncomfortable about how one's body and social role don't match one's gender, isn't a requirement in order to be genderfluid. Each person is different, experiencing gender fluidity in their own way. Some genderfluid people experience gender dysphoria at times or all the time. Some want to change their bodies and some take a physical transition to do so, which may include hormones or surgery. Others don't choose to transition because any change they make to their body would only feel right to them when they were in a certain gender and would feel wrong in others. Yet others have a difficult time planning their transition path, because their feelings change about what they want.

Some genderfluid people ask to be called by a different name  and pronouns depending on what gender they feel at a certain time. For people who switch between only two genders, this can mean switching between two names. These may be feminine and masculine versions of the same name  or names that don't sound similar at all. They may also take a gender-neutral name that works for them at any time, either in addition to these names, or instead of them.

Gender fluidity and dissociative identity disorder
Genderfluid people usually don't think of themselves as having alters. Most genderfluid people feel like the same person all the time, with the same likes and dislikes but a different gender. However, some genderfluid people switch between specific personas as they change genders, and each persona has their own likes and dislikes. This is different from Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), which is a disorder characterized by dissociation and the existence of alters. DID is frequently caused by traumatic abuse that happens early in childhood and almost always exists alongside PTSD or cPTSD. Gender fluidity is not caused by abuse and is not more common in people with PTSD or cPTSD.

Multiple/plural systems where some alters have different genders from the others are not automatically genderfluid. However, an individual alter can be genderfluid.

Notable genderfluid people
See main article: Notable nonbinary people

There are many more notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the words genderfluid or fluid gender for themselves.


 * Courtney Act (b. 1982) is an Australian drag queen, pop singer, entertainer and reality television personality. Act first came to prominence competing on the first season of Australian Idol in 2003. She identifies as genderfluid, genderqueer, pansexual, and polyamorous.


 * Bimini Bon Boulash (b. 1993) is a British drag artist known for appearing in RuPaul's Drag Race UK. In 2021 they tweeted that they are "fluid when it comes to gender."


 * Sand C. Chang, PhD is a Chinese-American clinical psychologist and educator. Dr. Chang is nonbinary, genderqueer, genderfluid, demiboy and femme. They are one of the authors of A Clinician's Guide to Gender-Affirming Care: Working with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients.


 * Jonathan Rachel Clynch (b. 1971) is a well-known journalist in Ireland. As reported in the Daily Beast: "One of Irish broadcaster RTE’s best-known journalists just [in 2015] came out as 'gender fluid,' and the response so far seems wholly positive. ... The 44-year-old, who has yet to make a public statement, told his bosses that he wishes to now be known as Jonathan Rachel and would sometimes dress as a female. ... Clynch has worked with RTE for 16 years, often filling in on Radio One’s flagship 'News at One.' ... 'He has been open about it for a while now and his friends and family were all aware of his situation. He is going through a process at the moment and will speak about it in his own time and he hopes everyone will be respectful of that.'"


 * Asia Kate Dillon (b. 1984) is an American actor known for playing Brandy Epps in Orange Is the New Black (2013) and Taylor Mason in Billions (2016). Dillon is nonbinary and genderfluid.


 * Dorian Electra (b. 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, video and performance artist. Electra said, "Styling is so important to me as a genderfluid person, to be able to say “I’m a very flaming flammable guy”... it’s just very satisfying, ’cause that’s how I see myself, but I know it’s not necessarily how other people see me – they still call me ‘ma’am’ and stuff like that."


 * American singer-songwriter Evan Greer describes herself/themself as genderqueer, genderfluid , trans femme


 * Nikki Hiltz is an American mid-distance runner who came out in 2021, saying "The best way I can explain my gender is as fluid. Sometimes I wake up feeling like a powerful queen and other days I wake up feeling as if I'm just a guy being a dude, and other times I identify outside of the gender binary entirely."


 * Jana Hunter is an American songwriter and musician who is trans and genderfluid.


 * Siufung Law is a Hong Kong bodybuilder and activist, whose homepage bio says they identify as genderfluid.


 * Bethany C. Meyers launched the fitness app for be.come, specializing in body-positive workouts. They also gave a TED talk on empowerment and body neutrality. Meyers is also bisexual, and wrote, "When I get comments about not being 'gay enough' it hurts. Aside from the way my marriage may look to others, I'm pretty gay. I'm attracted to women, I date women, I sleep with women, my friends are queer, I feel/think queer, I identity as gender fluid / non-binary, my partner the same."


 * Ruby Rose (b. 1986) is an Australian actor who has won the ASTRA Awards, GQ Australia, GLAAD Media Awards, and the Australian LGBTI Awards. "On 22 July 2014, Rose came out as genderfluid, saying, "I am very gender fluid and feel more like I wake up every day sort of gender neutral.". This announcement came approximately a week after she released a short film called "Break Free," in which she visually transitions from a very feminine woman to a heavily tattooed man."


 * Ciarán Strange (b. 1989) is an English and Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor. Strange composed the theme song for TV's first-ever transgender-focused sitcom, The Switch.


 * SaSa Testa is the author of the autobiography Soy Sabrina, Soy Santiago: Género fluido y nuevas identidades (I am Sabrina, I am Santiago: Genderfluid and new identities). Testa is genderfluid.


 * Nico Tortorella (b. 1988) is an American actor and model, who is known for roles in films including Scream 4, the Fox crime drama series The Following, and the TV Land comedy-drama series Younger. They identify as nonbinary, gender nonconforming , and genderfluid.


 * Alok Vaid-Menon (b. 1991) is an Indian-American writer, performance artist, and media personality who performs under the moniker ALOK. They identify as genderfluid, and are internationally renowned for their creative work which they have presented in over 40 countries. They were featured in the NBC Pride 50 alongside James Baldwin and Audre Lorde, and the OUT Magazine 100.


 * Hida Viloria (b. 1968) is a Latinx American writer and intersex and nonbinary rights activist, of Colombian and Venezuelan descent. Viloria is Founding Director of the Intersex Campaign for Equality, and author of the memoir Born Both: An Intersex Life. Viloria identifies as intersex and genderfluid.



創作におけるジェンダーフルイドのキャラクター
See main article: Nonbinary gender in fiction

There are many more nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the words "genderfluid" or "fluid gender", either in their canon, or by their creators. At the very least, characters in this section should be known to present different gender expressions at different times, if the word "genderfluid" isn't used.


 * Brendan Chase. At the end of the novel, Freakboy, the main character, Brendan Chase identifies themselves as genderfluid. The book is primarily about their transition, and does end on a depressing note regarding their gender.


 * Alex Fierro, in Rick Riordan's Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard, is a genderfluid character who first appears in the second book and uses both he/him and she/her pronouns.


 * Tedd. El Goonish Shive includes a main character who identifies as genderfluid several years into the comic. Author Dan Shive has said that Tedd, like the author, has always been genderfluid but did not realise there was a word for it or even a concept of being nonbinary until much later in life. The comic also includes various other LGBT characters as well as shapeshifting technology.


 * Kami / Porcelain. The 'New 52' version of Secret Six introduces new character Kami / Porcelain, who is genderfluid and has been shown presenting as male, female and androgynously.


 * Tattoo'd by Antonia Bea features an intersex, genderfluid protagonist.


 * TOMCAT. In the video game Read Only Memories the character TOMCAT uses they/them pronouns. While it is not directly stated in-game that TOMCAT is nonbinary, artist and director John James has stated in an interview that TOMCAT "is gender fluid" .The game also includes other nonbinary characters, including the robot Turing and the protagonist if the player chooses so.


 * Symptoms of Being Human stars Riley Cavanaugh, a closeted genderfluid teenager. Note: the book has some possibly triggering subjects, including child abuse, transphobic violence, bullying, and suicidal thoughts.


 * In The Tiger's Watch by Julia Ember, the protagonist Tashi is genderfluid and uses singular they pronouns. The author notes that "Being misgendered and forced to change their appearance in order to hide is a source of conflict in the novel. It is not the central plot conflict, though."


 * Sal in Mask of Shadows and Ruin of Stars, by Linsey Miller, is genderfluid.


 * Recurring character Puck/Owen Burnett in the 1994-1997 Disney show Gargoyles was confirmed to be genderfluid and polysexual by a 2014 interview with the creative team.

こちらもご覧ください

 * ジェンダークィア
 * ノンバイナリー

参考文献
genderfluid