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imported>Sekhet (→Feminism/Queer Theory: Corrected quote to match the source. Please be aware that the word "ontopolitical" should not read "onto political." Please don't change quotes without checking the source, and please look up words to avoid changing them to incorrect ones.) |
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==Feminism/Queer Theory== | ==Feminism/Queer Theory== | ||
*''[http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v101/n1/abs/fr201153a.html Trans- bodies in/of war(s): cisprivilege and contemporary security strategy]'' - [https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-laura-shepherd Shepard, L.J.] & [http://polisci.ufl.edu/laura-sjoberg/ Sjoberg, L.], 2012. | *''[http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v101/n1/abs/fr201153a.html Trans- bodies in/of war(s): cisprivilege and contemporary security strategy]'' - [https://web.archive.org/web/20170712084708/https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/associate-professor-laura-shepherd Shepard, L.J.] & [https://web.archive.org/web/20170608230315/http://polisci.ufl.edu/laura-sjoberg/ Sjoberg, L.], 2012. | ||
::;Summary: | ::;Summary: | ||
<blockquote>The authors discuss [[genderqueer]] and [http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Transgender trans*] invisibility in traditional historical narratives. This invisibility is then contrasted with the 'hypervisibility' thrust upon trans* and genderqueer people when they are subjected to security searches based on a system of binary gender.</blockquote> | <blockquote>The authors discuss [[genderqueer]] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20170707025952/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Transgender trans*] invisibility in traditional historical narratives. This invisibility is then contrasted with the 'hypervisibility' thrust upon trans* and genderqueer people when they are subjected to security searches based on a system of binary gender.</blockquote> | ||
::;Key Points: | ::;Key Points: | ||
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*''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01045.x/abstract;jsessionid=2DF9E5BDC51183501A59627A8135314D.f03t03 Resisting Definition: Gendering through Interaction and Relational Selfhood]'' - [http://alexisshotwell.com/ Shotwell, A.] & [http://wgss.artsci.wustl.edu/people/trevor-sangrey Sangrey, T.], 2009. | *''[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01045.x/abstract;jsessionid=2DF9E5BDC51183501A59627A8135314D.f03t03 Resisting Definition: Gendering through Interaction and Relational Selfhood]'' - [http://alexisshotwell.com/ Shotwell, A.] & [http://wgss.artsci.wustl.edu/people/trevor-sangrey Sangrey, T.], 2009. | ||
::;Summary: | ::;Summary: | ||
<blockquote>Discussion of the ways in which awareness of genderqueer and trans* people cause others to question their own [http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Gender_identity gender identities]. Also highlights various archetypes and misconceptions that tend to be used in discourse about trans* and genderqueer issues, and discusses points for and against the use of the word 'cisgender' to describe non-trans* people.</blockquote> | <blockquote>Discussion of the ways in which awareness of genderqueer and trans* people cause others to question their own [https://web.archive.org/web/20161203134242/http://nonbinary.org/wiki/Gender_identity gender identities]. Also highlights various archetypes and misconceptions that tend to be used in discourse about trans* and genderqueer issues, and discusses points for and against the use of the word 'cisgender' to describe non-trans* people.</blockquote> | ||
::;Key Points: | ::;Key Points: | ||
::*Awareness of trans* and genderqueer people affects the development of other people's gender identities. | ::*Awareness of trans* and genderqueer people affects the development of other people's gender identities. | ||
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::::*Trans* women are often framed as men attempting to infiltrate women's spaces. | ::::*Trans* women are often framed as men attempting to infiltrate women's spaces. | ||
::::*There is a tendency to treat trans* people as a 'threat', which centres the discussion on how to police gender boundaries, rather than on how to oppose gendered violence. Gendered oppression is made the only thing that matters, making white cis women more comfortable, whilst pushing out women who are 'othered'. | ::::*There is a tendency to treat trans* people as a 'threat', which centres the discussion on how to police gender boundaries, rather than on how to oppose gendered violence. Gendered oppression is made the only thing that matters, making white cis women more comfortable, whilst pushing out women who are 'othered'. | ||
::*[ | ::*[[Eli Clare]] (2007) argues that "transness" is not an individual, curable medical problem, but a broader societal issue stemming from society's refusal to accept a diverse range of body types and expressions of gender.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091113020853/http://eliclare.com/what-eli-offers/lectures/shame-pride Excerpt from "Body Shame, Body Pride: Lessons from the Disability Rights Movement"] (2007) [Access date: 22/03/2020], through the Wayback Machine.</ref> | ||
::*Certain feminists (e.g. [http://uppitybiscuit.wordpress.com/2007/01/19/do-not-call-me-cisgender-you-do-not-have-my-permission-to-name-me/ Uppity Biscuit, 2007)] have expressed anger about the use of the word 'cisgender' to 'oppress' non-trans women - the authors cite this as an example of policing of gender boundaries, as well as an example of how gender transgression motivates non-trans* people to examine their own gender identities. | ::*Certain feminists (e.g. [http://uppitybiscuit.wordpress.com/2007/01/19/do-not-call-me-cisgender-you-do-not-have-my-permission-to-name-me/ Uppity Biscuit, 2007)] have expressed anger about the use of the word 'cisgender' to 'oppress' non-trans women - the authors cite this as an example of policing of gender boundaries, as well as an example of how gender transgression motivates non-trans* people to examine their own gender identities. | ||
:::*Uppity Biscuit (2007) argues that since 'cisgender' is not a name women have taken on for themselves, trans* people are forcibly renaming women in a way that she claims is homologous to the way in which women are oppressed by the patriarchy. | :::*Uppity Biscuit (2007) argues that since 'cisgender' is not a name women have taken on for themselves, trans* people are forcibly renaming women in a way that she claims is homologous to the way in which women are oppressed by the patriarchy. | ||
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::;Summary: | ::;Summary: | ||
<blockquote>An online survey of 32 bigender individuals was conducted. Questions concerned whether they had ever been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, whether or not they could predict their cycles in gender, how often they switched between genders, and whether or not they experienced the sensation of 'phantom' breasts or genitalia that cycled along with gender.</blockquote> | <blockquote>An online survey of 32 [[bigender]] individuals was conducted. Questions concerned whether they had ever been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, whether or not they could predict their cycles in gender, how often they switched between genders, and whether or not they experienced the sensation of 'phantom' breasts or genitalia that cycled along with gender.</blockquote> | ||
::;Key Findings: | ::;Key Findings: | ||
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::'''Content Note:''' Contains some problematic language (medicalisation of bigender indentity). | ::'''Content Note:''' Contains some problematic language (medicalisation of bigender indentity). | ||
*''[http://avitale.com/etiologicalreview.htm Current Thinking on the Etiology of Gender Dysphoria]'' - [http://www.avitale.com/ Vitale, A.], 2011. | *''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170601162157/http://avitale.com/etiologicalreview.htm Current Thinking on the Etiology of Gender Dysphoria]'' - [http://www.avitale.com/ Vitale, A.], 2011. | ||
::;Summary: | ::;Summary: | ||
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::*The discussion of fetal development is purely speculative; no research is cited to support the idea that a neural correlate of gender identity develops in the womb. | ::*The discussion of fetal development is purely speculative; no research is cited to support the idea that a neural correlate of gender identity develops in the womb. | ||
::'''Published In:''' ''[http://www.thegenderedself.com/ The Gendered Self ''by Anne Vitale'']'' | ::'''Published In:''' ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170708040718/http://www.thegenderedself.com/ The Gendered Self ''by Anne Vitale'']'' | ||
::'''Access:''' Introduction available as a free download; full book available for purchase in physical and ebook formats. | ::'''Access:''' Introduction available as a free download; full book available for purchase in physical and ebook formats. | ||
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::;'''Key Findings''': | ::;'''Key Findings''': | ||
::* A variety of gender identity labels were submitted by GNL respondents, including: | ::* A variety of gender identity labels were submitted by GNL respondents, including: | ||
:::*'Genderqueer' or 'queer' (42% of GNLs; 6% of the total sample) | :::*'[[Genderqueer]]' or 'queer' (42% of GNLs; 6% of the total sample) | ||
:::*'Both', 'either', 'neither', 'in-between', or 'non-binary' (9% of GNLs) | :::*'Both', 'either', 'neither', 'in-between', or 'non-binary' (9% of GNLs) | ||
:::*'Androgynous' or 'blended' (8% of GNLs) | :::*'Androgynous' or 'blended' (8% of GNLs) | ||
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:::*'Bi-gender', 'Tri-gender', or 'third gender' (2% of GNLs) | :::*'Bi-gender', 'Tri-gender', or 'third gender' (2% of GNLs) | ||
:::*'Genderfuck', 'rebel', or 'radical' (1% of GNLs) | :::*'Genderfuck', 'rebel', or 'radical' (1% of GNLs) | ||
:::* A variety of unique responses, including: 'Birl'; 'Jest me';'Skaneelog'; 'Twidget'; 'Neutrois'; 'OtherWise'; 'gendertreyf'; 'trannydyke'; 'genderqueer wombat fantastica'; 'Best of Both'; 'gender blur'; and 'transgenderist'. | :::* A variety of unique responses, including: '[[Birl]]'; 'Jest me';'Skaneelog'; 'Twidget'; '[[Neutrois]]'; 'OtherWise'; 'gendertreyf'; 'trannydyke'; 'genderqueer wombat fantastica'; 'Best of Both'; '[[List of uncommon nonbinary identities#G|gender blur]]'; and 'transgenderist'. | ||
:::*Some responses for which the frequency was not reported, including: 'Pangender'; 'Hybrid'; 'Mahuwahine'; and 'Aggressive'. It is unclear from the report whether these were folded into other categories above for the purpose of producing statistics. | :::*Some responses for which the frequency was not reported, including: '[[Pangender]]'; 'Hybrid'; 'Mahuwahine'; and '[[Butch|Aggressive]]'. It is unclear from the report whether these were folded into other categories above for the purpose of producing statistics. | ||
::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to be [ | ::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to be [[Assigned_gender_at_birth|FAAB]]. They were also more likely, to be under 45, and/or to be multiracial, Black, or Asian. They were less likely than non-GNLs to be White or Latinx. In addition, GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to live in California, the Northeast, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the West (including Alaska and Hawaii), and less likely to live in the Midwest and South. | ||
::*GNLs had higher educational attainment than non-GNLs, but were more likely to live in extreme poverty - though this may be because they were, on the whole, younger than non-GNLs. | ::*GNLs had higher educational attainment than non-GNLs, but were more likely to live in extreme poverty - though this may be because they were, on the whole, younger than non-GNLs. | ||
::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to have experienced harassment and sexual assault at school; they were also more likely to have experienced physical and/or sexual assault as adults. In addition, GNLs were more likely to have worked in an underground economy, postponed medical treatment for fear of discrimination, and/or attempted suicide, and were more likely to be uncomfortable with going to the police for help. Finally, they were also more likely to be HIV positive or of unknown HIV status, and more likely to be unemployed. To summarise, contrary to common perception, GNLs had experienced abuse, harassment, and discrimination at higher rates than non-GNLs. | ::*GNLs were more likely than non-GNLs to have experienced harassment and sexual assault at school; they were also more likely to have experienced physical and/or sexual assault as adults. In addition, GNLs were more likely to have worked in an underground economy, postponed medical treatment for fear of discrimination, and/or attempted suicide, and were more likely to be uncomfortable with going to the police for help. Finally, they were also more likely to be HIV positive or of unknown HIV status, and more likely to be unemployed. To summarise, contrary to common perception, GNLs had experienced abuse, harassment, and discrimination at higher rates than non-GNLs. | ||