English neutral pronouns: Difference between revisions
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====A==== | ====A==== | ||
'''A''' (nominative form only). "In 1789, William H. Marshall records […] Middle English epicene ‘a’, used by the 14th century English writer John of Trevisa and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of ‘a’ for he, she, it, they, and even I. This ‘a’ is a reduced form of the Anglo-Saxon he = ‘he’ and heo = ‘she’.”<ref>Baron, Dennis (1986). Grammar and Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03526-8. as cited by Williams, John (1990s).</ref> <ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418022839/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html| url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html|last=Williams|first=John|archive-date=18 April 2010|title=History - Native-English GNPs|work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ}}</ref> Some living British dialects still use the gender-neutral "a" pronoun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Epicene pronouns|work=American Heritage Book of English Usage|url=http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|archive-date=30 June 2008|archive-url= | '''A''' (nominative form only). "In 1789, William H. Marshall records […] Middle English epicene ‘a’, used by the 14th century English writer John of Trevisa and both the OED and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of ‘a’ for he, she, it, they, and even I. This ‘a’ is a reduced form of the Anglo-Saxon he = ‘he’ and heo = ‘she’.”<ref>Baron, Dennis (1986). Grammar and Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03526-8. as cited by Williams, John (1990s).</ref> <ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418022839/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html| url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/history.html|last=Williams|first=John|archive-date=18 April 2010|title=History - Native-English GNPs|work=Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ}}</ref> Some living British dialects still use the gender-neutral "a" pronoun.<ref>{{cite web|title=Epicene pronouns|work=American Heritage Book of English Usage|url=http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|archive-date=30 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630041424/http://www.bartleby.com/64/C005/004.html|access-date=29 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
====Ou==== | ====Ou==== | ||
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'''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> | '''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> | ||
'''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.<ref name="Census2018">[https://gendercensus.com/post/183832246805/gender-census-2019-the-full-report-worldwide Gender Census 2019 - The Full Report (Worldwide)], April 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230505214027/https://www.gendercensus.com/post/183832246805/gender-census-2019-the-full-report-worldwide Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns,<ref>{{cite tweet|user=BlackTransMedia|number=1163607100053950464|title=What a #blacktranseverything thread thank you sis[...] I don't post photos of myself here yall inspire(d) me so here I go.. I'm sasha founder/one of the co-directors of black trans media, I use she/they/he pronouns + insist that you mix it up or use my name #blacktransloveiswealth|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Wicker">{{Cite web |title=TRANS POET SASHA - SHE, HE, THEY |last=Wicker |first=Randolfe |work=YouTube |date=9 March 2015 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM|archive-url= | '''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.<ref name="Census2018">[https://gendercensus.com/post/183832246805/gender-census-2019-the-full-report-worldwide Gender Census 2019 - The Full Report (Worldwide)], April 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230505214027/https://www.gendercensus.com/post/183832246805/gender-census-2019-the-full-report-worldwide Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns,<ref>{{cite tweet|user=BlackTransMedia|number=1163607100053950464|title=What a #blacktranseverything thread thank you sis[...] I don't post photos of myself here yall inspire(d) me so here I go.. I'm sasha founder/one of the co-directors of black trans media, I use she/they/he pronouns + insist that you mix it up or use my name #blacktransloveiswealth|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Wicker">{{Cite web |title=TRANS POET SASHA - SHE, HE, THEY |last=Wicker |first=Randolfe |work=YouTube |date=9 March 2015 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121100124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=21 November 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> as does author [[Pat Schmatz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|date=30 June 2019|access-date=25 May 2020|title=Gender Stories: Writing non-binary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719114721/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|archive-date=19 July 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''Emself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''Emself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/e http://pronoun.is/e] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e https://web.archive.org/web/20170721055627/http://pronoun.is/e] | ||
===Ey (Elverson pronouns)=== | ===Ey (Elverson pronouns)=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''emself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ey http://pronoun.is/ey] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021620/http://pronoun.is/ey] | ||
===Fae=== | ===Fae=== | ||
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'''Variations:''' | '''Variations:''' | ||
* '''Fae, vaer, vaers, vaerself''' was created by | * '''Fae, vaer, vaers, vaerself''' was created by Shade (Tumblr user shadaras) in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 October 2013|title=So I might possibly have spent today on and off prodding pronouns...|url=https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331233621/https://shadaras.tumblr.com/post/62865192916|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
* '''Fey, fey, feys, feys, feyself''' was recorded in 2014,<ref name="askanonbinary general">[http://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Ask A Nonbinary's list of unthemed pronouns], captured March 2016 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230217/https://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> of unknown origin. | * '''Fey, fey, feys, feys, feyself''' was recorded in 2014,<ref name="askanonbinary general">[http://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Ask A Nonbinary's list of unthemed pronouns], captured March 2016 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230217/https://askanonbinary.tumblr.com/general Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> of unknown origin. | ||
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*'''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''faerself''. | *'''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''faerself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190005/http://pronoun.is/fae/faer/faer/faers/faerself] | ||
===Female pronouns=== | ===Female pronouns=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''himself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/he http://pronoun.is/he] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he https://web.archive.org/web/20170729140747/http://pronoun.is/he] | ||
'''Usage:''' | '''Usage:''' | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''itself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''itself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/it http://pronoun.is/it] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it https://web.archive.org/web/20170810062945/http://pronoun.is/it] | ||
===Male pronouns=== | ===Male pronouns=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''perself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/per http://pronoun.is/per] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per https://web.archive.org/web/20170711180841/http://pronoun.is/per] | ||
===She=== | ===She=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''herself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/she http://pronoun.is/she] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she https://web.archive.org/web/20170730145111/http://pronoun.is/she] | ||
===S/he=== | ===S/he=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''thonself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''thonself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [ http://pronoun.is/thon ] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [ https://web.archive.org/web/20190909212705/http://pronoun.is/thon ] | ||
===Ve=== | ===Ve=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''verself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''verself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ve http://pronoun.is/ve] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve https://web.archive.org/web/20170619065210/http://pronoun.is/ve] | ||
===Xe=== | ===Xe=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xyrself''. (Or feeds ''xemself''.) | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''xyrself''. (Or feeds ''xemself''.) | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/xe http://pronoun.is/xe] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193720/http://pronoun.is/xe] | ||
===Ze=== | ===Ze=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''hirself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/ze http://pronoun.is/ze] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze https://web.archive.org/web/20170523031355/http://pronoun.is/ze] | ||
===Zie=== | ===Zie=== | ||
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* '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''zirself''. | * '''Reflexive:''' Each child feeds ''zirself''. | ||
'''On Pronoun Island:''' [http://pronoun.is/zie http://pronoun.is/zie] | '''On Pronoun Island:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie https://web.archive.org/web/20170719212704/http://pronoun.is/zie] | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||