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Gender recognition: Difference between revisions
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| [[Recognition (Australia)|Australia]] | | [[Recognition (Australia)|Australia]] | ||
| style="background-color:#9ff;" | Starting in 2000, Australia allows nonbinary ''and'' intersex people to get passports with the nonbinary gender marker "X (indeterminate/unspecified/intersex)," requiring only a letter from a doctor, not proof of surgery.<ref>https://www.passports.gov.au/web/sexgenderapplicants.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20230411075659/https://passports.gov.au/Web/SexGenderApplicants.aspx Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Can change birth certificate to "sex: not specified."<ref>"NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 (2 April 2014)" . High Court of Australia. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2015. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"X marks the spot for intersex Alex" Archived 2013-11-11 at WebCite, West Australian, via bodieslikeours.org. 11 January 2003 https:// | | style="background-color:#9ff;" | Starting in 2000, Australia allows nonbinary ''and'' intersex people to get passports with the nonbinary gender marker "X (indeterminate/unspecified/intersex)," requiring only a letter from a doctor, not proof of surgery.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111019035814/https://www.passports.gov.au/web/sexgenderapplicants.aspx [https://web.archive.org/web/20230411075659/https://passports.gov.au/Web/SexGenderApplicants.aspx Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Can change birth certificate to "sex: not specified."<ref>"NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 (2 April 2014)" . High Court of Australia. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2015. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>"X marks the spot for intersex Alex" Archived 2013-11-11 at WebCite, West Australian, via bodieslikeours.org. 11 January 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20131110023525/http://www.bodieslikeours.org/pdf/xmarks.pdf</ref><ref>Holme, Ingrid (2008). "Hearing People's Own Stories". Science as Culture. 17 (3): 341–344. doi:10.1080/09505430802280784. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430802280784 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230221230304/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09505430802280784 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#FFB;" | Can change birth certificate, including to a nonbinary option, "sex: not specified," if the person has had a "sex affirmation procedure".<ref>"NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 (2 April 2014)" . High Court of Australia. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2015. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> However, people have to be unmarried at the time of the change.<ref>"BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES REGISTRATION ACT 1995 - SECT 32B Application to alter register to record change of sex" . Retrieved 26 July 2015. http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/bdamra1995383/s32b.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/bdamra1995383/s32b.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#FFB;" | Can change birth certificate, including to a nonbinary option, "sex: not specified," if the person has had a "sex affirmation procedure".<ref>"NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 (2 April 2014)" . High Court of Australia. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2015. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> However, people have to be unmarried at the time of the change.<ref>"BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES REGISTRATION ACT 1995 - SECT 32B Application to alter register to record change of sex" . Retrieved 26 July 2015. http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/bdamra1995383/s32b.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213115203/http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/bdamra1995383/s32b.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#9FF;" |"The Australian Government recognises that individuals may identify and be recognised within the community as a gender other than the sex they were assigned at birth or during infancy, or as a gender which is not exclusively male or female. This should be recognised and reflected in their personal records held by Australian Government departments and agencies."<ref name="agg">{{Cite web |title=Australian Government Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender |author= |work= |date=November 2015 |access-date=16 May 2020 |url= https://www.ag.gov.au/Publications/Documents/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406024041/https://www.ag.gov.au/Publications/Documents/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2023}} (PDF)</ref> | | style="background-color:#9FF;" |"The Australian Government recognises that individuals may identify and be recognised within the community as a gender other than the sex they were assigned at birth or during infancy, or as a gender which is not exclusively male or female. This should be recognised and reflected in their personal records held by Australian Government departments and agencies."<ref name="agg">{{Cite web |title=Australian Government Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender |author= |work= |date=November 2015 |access-date=16 May 2020 |url= https://www.ag.gov.au/Publications/Documents/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406024041/https://www.ag.gov.au/Publications/Documents/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2023}} (PDF)</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Argentina)|Argentina]] | | [[Recognition (Argentina)|Argentina]] | ||
| style="background-color:#9ff;" | Identity documents can be issued without a gender marker at all thanks to the Gender Identity Law, passed in 2012. In November 2018, two nonbinary people were able to make this change without a judicial procedure for the first time.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite DNI sin indicación de sexo y como un trámite] — Página12 (in Spanish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517052156/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#9ff;" | Identity documents can be issued without a gender marker at all thanks to the Gender Identity Law, passed in 2012. In November 2018, two nonbinary people were able to make this change without a judicial procedure for the first time.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite DNI sin indicación de sexo y como un trámite] — Página12 (in Spanish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517052156/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Argentina allows transgender people to get access to legal and medical resources they need to transition, without requiring these things in order to be legally recognized as their gender. They can change their legal gender based on their written declaration, without even a diagnosis.<ref>"Argentina Adopts Groundbreaking Gender Identity Law." Transgender Europe. May 10, 2012. http://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007090552/https://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> See Argentina's Gender Identity Law as of 2012 [ | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Argentina allows transgender people to get access to legal and medical resources they need to transition, without requiring these things in order to be legally recognized as their gender. They can change their legal gender based on their written declaration, without even a diagnosis.<ref>"Argentina Adopts Groundbreaking Gender Identity Law." Transgender Europe. May 10, 2012. http://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007090552/https://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> See Argentina's Gender Identity Law as of 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142254/https://tgeu.org/argentina-gender-identity-law/ here]. While this law is said to be the most progressive transgender law in the world,<ref>"FAQ about identity documents." Lambda Legal. http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/identity-document-faq [https://web.archive.org/web/20230310122512/http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/identity-document-faq Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> it doesn't directly mention intersex or nonbinary people. | ||
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| [[Recognition (Bolivia)|Bolivia]] | | [[Recognition (Bolivia)|Bolivia]] | ||
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| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since August 2016, transgender people in Bolivia can change their legal gender as long as they are over 18 years old, pass a psychological test and write a letter of application.<ref>[https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Bolivia-Lets-Transgender-People-Choose-Their-Legal-Identity-20160802-0034.html Bolivia Lets Transgender People Choose Their Legal Identity] — Tele Sur (English edition). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003190248/https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Bolivia-Lets-Transgender-People-Choose-Their-Legal-Identity-20160802-0034.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | |||
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| style="background-color:#f99;" | Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Brazil)|Brazil]] | |||
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| [[Recognition (Bulgaria)|Bulgaria]] | | [[Recognition (Bulgaria)|Bulgaria]] | ||
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| [[Recognition (Chile)|Chile]] | | [[Recognition (Chile)|Chile]] | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Requires a court order in order to have an "X" gender option. | ||
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| [[Recognition (Colombia)|Colombia]] | | [[Recognition (Colombia)|Colombia]] | ||
| style="background-color:# | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In February 2022, the Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled that a non-binary person was entitled to a birth certificate and identity card with a "no binario"/"NB" gender marker.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/08/colombias-constitutional-court-advances-gender-diversity [https://web.archive.org/web/20230510005621/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/08/colombias-constitutional-court-advances-gender-diversity Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Since August 2023, passports issued within Colombia included 3 options of namely male, female and X.<ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1821705/colombia-adds-non-binary-gender-option-on-passports</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412 |website=International Business Times|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex On IDs Without Physical Exams|last=Lee|first=Brianna|date=2015|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510021641/https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412 |website=International Business Times|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex On IDs Without Physical Exams|last=Lee|first=Brianna|date=2015|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510021641/https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Finland)|Finland]] | | [[Recognition (Finland)|Finland]] | ||
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| style="background-color:# | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition as of 2023. | ||
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| [[Recognition (India)|India]] | | [[Recognition (India)|India]] | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | India recognises transgender people as a third gender. Additionally, [[hijra]]s are also recognised as a third gender.<ref name="Biharprabha">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court's Third Gender Status to Transgenders is a landmark |author= |work=Biharprabha News |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095549/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | India recognises transgender people as a third gender. Additionally, [[hijra]]s are also recognised as a third gender.<ref name="Biharprabha">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court's Third Gender Status to Transgenders is a landmark |author= |work=Biharprabha News |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095549/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Indonesia)|Indonesia]] | |||
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| [[Recognition (Japan)|Japan]] | | [[Recognition (Japan)|Japan]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" | M or F only. | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | Japan made legal transition possible in 2004. In order to get one, Japan requires that a transgender person must be unmarried, has never had children, has had genital | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Japan made legal transition possible in 2004. In order to get one, Japan requires that a transgender person must be unmarried, has never had children, has had genital surgeried. | ||
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| [[Recognition (Mexico)|Mexico]] | | [[Recognition (Mexico)|Mexico]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In May 2023, Mexico allows an "X" gender marker on passports.{{citation needed}} | ||
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| [[Recognition (Romania)|Romania]] | | [[Recognition (Romania)|Romania]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" |M or F only.<ref>{{cite web|title=Law 122/2006 Annex 3|website=Romanian Ministry of Justice|access-date=31 October 2023 |url=https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/175315 |lang=ro}}</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | | | style="background-color:#f99;" |Requires transgender people to undergo sex reassignment surgery in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> Genital surgery is required in order to change legal sex.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transsexualismul in Romania |website=Accept Romania|access-date=31 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711092809/http://accept-romania.ro/lgbt-issues/trans/ |url=http://accept-romania.ro/lgbt-issues/trans/ |archive-date=11 July 2017 |lang=ro}}</ref> Allowed to marry in accordance with new legal sex. | ||
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| [[Recognition (Russia)|Russia]] | | [[Recognition (Russia)|Russia]] | ||
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| style="background-color:#f99;" |Only intersex minors can change their legal gender. Affirmative surgeries are required | | style="background-color:#f99;" |Only intersex minors can change their legal gender. Affirmative surgeries are required. | ||
|"Any medical intervention with a goal of creating in a person's body primary or secondary characteristics of the opposite sex is prohibited". People who have changed their legal gender aren't allowed to marry or adopt children | |"Any medical intervention with a goal of creating in a person's body primary or secondary characteristics of the opposite sex is prohibited". People who have changed their legal gender aren't allowed to marry or adopt children. On October 2023 the court has banned "the international public movement of LGBT" as extremist with up to 12 years of imprisonment for people who belong to or support it. <ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/30/russia-supreme-court-bans-lgbt-movement-extremist</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Serbia)|Serbia]] | | [[Recognition (Serbia)|Serbia]] | ||
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| [[Recognition (Spain)|Spain]] | | [[Recognition (Spain)|Spain]] | ||
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| style="background-color:#ffb;" | All transgender people may change their legal gender without a surgery, including minors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |title=Excluir a menores trans es inconstitucional | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | All transgender people may change their legal gender without a surgery, including minors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |title=Excluir a menores trans es inconstitucional |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201092401/https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |website=Chrysalis |date=20 July 2019 |language=es |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=14 September 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Sweden)|Sweden]] | | [[Recognition (Sweden)|Sweden]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Sweden does not recognize a third or non-binary gender option, however introducing as such has once been proposed. | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | In 2012, Sweden stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively sterilized in order to transition,<ref>"Swedish Verdict outlawing forced Sterilisation (2012)." Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007100031/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and in 2014, stopped requiring a mental health diagnosis in order to get legal gender recognition.<ref>"Swedish Court outlaws diagnosis requirement." September 7, 2014. Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221010154218/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In 2012, Sweden stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively sterilized in order to transition,<ref>"Swedish Verdict outlawing forced Sterilisation (2012)." Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007100031/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and in 2014, stopped requiring a mental health diagnosis in order to get legal gender recognition.<ref>"Swedish Court outlaws diagnosis requirement." September 7, 2014. Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221010154218/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
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| [[Recognition (Switzerland)|Switzerland]] | | [[Recognition (Switzerland)|Switzerland]] | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | A proposal to add a third "X" gender marker is also under discussion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://360.ch/suisse/45258-le-debat-sur-le-3e-sexe-est-lance/ |title=Le débat sur le 3e sexe est lancé |website= 360º |date=2018 |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208074945/https://360.ch/suisse/45258-le-debat-sur-le-3e-sexe-est-lance/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In 2022, however the government refused to allow a third or non-binary gender option.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/switzerland-gender-a48e05b6e5d0c307b3ead2bdd686f9a5</ref> | |||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition as of 2022. | |||
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| [[Recognition (Thailand)|Thailand]] | |||
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| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Each state has different laws regarding legal transition. Most states require proof of surgery in order to legally transition, and the rest require a letter from a doctor saying you've had some kind of transition.<br>As for passports, "You do not need to provide a medical certification or physician's letter, even if the gender you select on Form DS-11 does not match the gender on your previous passport or other documents."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selecting your Gender Marker |author= |work=travel.state.gov |date= |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133536/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Each state has different laws regarding legal transition. Most states require proof of surgery in order to legally transition, and the rest require a letter from a doctor saying you've had some kind of transition.<br>As for passports, "You do not need to provide a medical certification or physician's letter, even if the gender you select on Form DS-11 does not match the gender on your previous passport or other documents."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selecting your Gender Marker |author= |work=travel.state.gov |date= |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133536/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | In the USA, documents and ID rarely show a person's title. | | style="background-color:#f99;" | In the USA, documents and ID rarely show a person's title. | ||
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|[[Recognition (Uruguay)|Uruguay]] | |||
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|[[Recognition (Vietnam)|Vietnam]] | |[[Recognition (Vietnam)|Vietnam]] | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [[Wikipedia:LGBT rights by country or territory]] | * [[Wikipedia:LGBT rights by country or territory]] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142749/https://tgeu.org/toolkit_legal_gender_recognition_in_europe/ Transgender Europe: Toolkit: Legal gender recognition in Europe] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142820/https://tgeu.org/trans-rights-europe-card-game-2014/ Transgender Europe: Trans Rights Europe Card Game] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142842/https://tgeu.org/trans-rights_europe_map_2016/ Transgender Europe: Trans Rights Europe Map & Index 2016] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||