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Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions

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Gender neutral language in Swedish (edit)

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{{Template:Gender neutral language}}  
{{Template:Gender neutral language}}  
<translate><!--T:1-->
<translate><!--T:1-->
The Swedish language has two grammatical genders, common and neuter. Gender-neutral/gender-inclusive language in Swedish is easier than in many other languages since its grammatical gender is less pervasive than in languages like German or French.
The Swedish language has two grammatical genders, common and neuter. Gender-neutral (or gender-inclusive) language is easier in Swedish than in many other languages since the grammatical gender of Swedish is less pervasive than in languages such as German or French.


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Gender-neutral/gender-inclusive language is a way of communicating that avoids gender stereotypes and includes all genders. This means using words and expressions that don't specify gender, such as "vuxen" instead of "kvinna" or "man", "hen" instead of "hon" or "han," and using titles such as "brandbekämpare" instead of "brandman" or "sjukskötare" instead of "sjuksköterska" to not reinstate the idea that certain professions/roles are supposed to be for specific genders. The goal is to create a language that is more equal and inclusive for all individuals, regardless of gender, which also reduces the risk of misgendering which can give gender dysphoria. Gender-neutral language is both useful and necessary grammatically and socially in situations where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown.
Gender-neutral/inclusive language is a way of communicating that avoids gender stereotypes and includes all genders. This means using words and expressions that don't specify gender, such as "vuxen" instead of "kvinna" or "man", "hen" instead of "hon" or "han," and using titles such as "brandbekämpare" instead of "brandman", or "sjukskötare" instead of "sjuksköterska", as to not reinstate the idea that certain professions/roles are supposed to be for specific genders.
 
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The goal is to create a language that is more equal and inclusive for all individuals, regardless of gender, which also reduces the risk of misgendering which can cause gender dysphoria for some people. Gender-neutral/inclusive language is both useful and necessary both grammatically and socially in situations where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown.


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See the main article on gender neutral language for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for gender-diverse people.</translate>
See the main article on gender neutral language for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for gender-variated people.</translate>


==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>==  
==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>==  
===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>===  
===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>===  
<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, as well as the practice of singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronoun such as hin/hin/hins, which is in actuality an obsolete pronoun that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their) is also used. Singular de/dem/deras can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not recognized or documented for being able to do so, if de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well. Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins, which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
   
   
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
! <u>Hen</u>  
! <u>Hen</u>  
! <translate><!--T:5--> Standard gender-neutral/third-gender personal pronoun </translate>
! <translate><!--T:5--> Standard gender-neutral third-person pronoun </translate>
|-  
|-  
!hen  
!hen  
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===<translate><!--T:19--> Generic pronoun</translate>===  
===<translate><!--T:19--> Generic pronoun</translate>===  
<translate><!--T:20--> To refer to people in general in Swedish, the pronouns "man/en/en" (one/one/one’s) or "en/en/ens" (one/one/one’s) can be used. Swedish’s generic pronoun man/en/ens has been discussed for being male-generalizing, and some people have opted to use en/en/ens instead to make it gender inclusive. The word "man" may have the meaning of "human" in addition to the meaning "male person", but this word is still more associated with male people. Using "en" instead of "man" is not only more gender-inclusivity through being non-male-generalizing, but it is also frequently practiced in some of Sweden's regions, so it is a natural grammatical dialect variation in the Swedish language. </translate>
<translate><!--T:20--> To refer to people in general in Swedish, the pronouns "man/en/en" (one/one/one’s) or "en/en/ens" (one/one/one’s) can be used. Swedish’s generic pronoun man/en/ens has been discussed for being male-generalizing, and some people have opted to use en/en/ens instead to make it gender inclusive. The word "man" may have the meaning of "human" in addition to the meaning "male person", but this word is still more associated with male people. Using "en" instead of "man" is not only more gender-inclusivity through being non-male-generalizing, but it is also frequently practiced in some of Sweden's regions, so it is a natural grammatical dialect variation in the Swedish language. [https://www4.isof.se/cgi-bin/srfl/visasvar.py?sok=man&svar=78373&log_id=909986]</translate>


=== <translate>Referring to God</translate> ===
=== <translate><!--T:148--> Referring to God</translate>===
<translate>While God is normally referred to with masculine pronouns, some might opt for using non-gendered words instead as to not apply human concepts to God. One can then instead just say "Gud" (God) instead of a pronoun, or the pronouns "de" (typically plural they, which might seem fitting for a trinity) or "hen" (gender-neutral singular they).</translate>
<translate><!--T:149--> While God is normally referred to with masculine pronouns even in Swedish, some might opt for using non-gendered words instead as to not apply human concepts to God. To do that one can instead just say "Gud" (God) instead of a pronoun, or the pronoun "de" (typically plural they, is sometimes used as singular they, but using it as plural might seem fitting for a trinity) or "hen" (gender-neutral singular they). The latter (*two, but especially the latter hen) might be controversial depending on who one asks.</translate>


== <translate><!--T:21--> Gender-inclusive formulations</translate> ==
== <translate><!--T:21--> Gender-inclusive formulations</translate> ==
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<translate><!--T:25-->
<translate><!--T:25-->
In older Swedish, titles/phrases based on one's gender have been used to mention/adress someone with politeness/formality i.e. fru, fröken, dam, herr, mister etc. This has also been used in front of profession titles, e.g. fru/herr Minister. This is rather an obsolete practice and is only used in a few select cases. In modern Swedish, to mention or adress someone more formally, one should instead use both first name and last name or only last name without any title. An innovative option could be to use only the first name's initial and then the last name. Another innovative option would be to use formal plural forms with a capital letter, e.g. ”Tack Ni minister!” (Thank You minister!), ”Hej! Ni Andersson.” (Hi! You Andersson.), ”Låt De minister tala till punkt.” (Let They minister speak.), ”De Andersson har godkänt begäran.” (They Andersson have accepted the request.). In addition, you can use words such as "sällskapet" (the company) if you want to be formal regarding a person's companion.
In older Swedish, titles/phrases based on one's gender have been used to mention/adress someone with politeness/formality i.e. fru, fröken, dam, herr, mister etc. This has also been used in front of profession titles, e.g. fru/herr Minister. This is rather an obsolete practice and is only used in a few select cases. In modern Swedish, to mention or adress someone more formally, one should instead use both first name and last name or only last name without any title.
 
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An innovative option could be to use only the first name's initial and then the last name.
 
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Another innovative option would be to use formal plural forms with a capital letter, e.g. ”Tack Ni minister!” (Thank You minister!), ”Hej! Ni Andersson.” (Hi! You Andersson.), ”Låt De minister tala till punkt.” (Let They minister speak.), ”De Andersson har godkänt begäran.” (They Andersson have accepted the request.), "Jag vill tacka Er för Er hjälp med projektet." (I want to thank You for Your help with the project). In addition, you can use words such as "sällskapet" (the company) if you want to be formal regarding a person's companion.


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Hej Ni Andersson!  
Hej Ni Andersson!
 
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Vi ser fram emot att träffa Er på mötet imorgon.


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<translate><!--T:27-->
<translate><!--T:27-->
The adjective conjugation for things in the singular definite form has historically had two versions in Swedish, the a-form (Feminine: den glad<u>a</u> flickan. Neuter: det glad<u>a</u> barnet) and the e-form (Masculine: den glad<u>e</u> pojken). The e-form is not frequently used today, but it is still worth mentioning that the a-form is the standard in modern Swedish as the masculine and feminine grammatical genders are no longer separated, and by using only the a-form, the language becomes more gender-neutral and continuous.
The adjective conjugation for things in the singular definite form has historically had two versions in Swedish, the a-form (Feminine: den glad<u>a</u> flickan. Neuter: det glad<u>a</u> barnet) and the e-form (Masculine: den glad<u>e</u> pojken). The e-form is not frequently used today, but it is still worth mentioning that the a-form is the standard in modern Swedish as the masculine and feminine grammatical genders are no longer separated, and by using only the a-form, the language becomes more gender-neutral and consistent.
</translate>
</translate>


===<translate><!--T:28--> Nationality specific terms</translate>===  
===<translate><!--T:28--> Terms for ethnic groups</translate>===  


<translate><!--T:29-->
<translate><!--T:29-->
When it comes to naming people who belong to a specific nationality, there may be gender specification in the form of adding gender-specific endings such as ”norr<u>man</u>”/“norr<u>män</u>” or ”norsk<u>a</u>”/“norsk<u>or</u>” to make it masculine and feminine respectively. To make it gender-inclusive/gender-vague, you can instead refer to someone as e.g. norsk person/norska personer, svensk person/svenska personer, polsk person/polska personer, japansk person/japanska personer, engelsk person/engelska personer, fransk personer/franska personer, brasiliansk person/brasilianska personer, nederländsk person/nederländska personer etc.
When it comes to naming people who belong to a specific ethnic group, there may be gendered specification in the form of adding gender-specific endings such as ”norr<u>man</u>”/“norr<u>män</u>” or ”norsk<u>a</u>”/“norsk<u>or</u>” to make it masculine and feminine respectively. To make it gender-inclusive or gender-vague, one can instead refer to someone as e.g. en norsk/norsk person/''norskar''/norska personer, en svensk/svensk person/svenskar/svenska personer, en polsk/polsk person/polska personer, en japan/japansk person/japaner/japanska personer, en engelsk/engelsk person/engelska personer, en fransk/fransk personer/franska personer, en brasilian/brasiliansk person/brasilianare/brasilianska personer, en nederländare/nederländsk person/nederländare/nederländska personer etc.
</translate>
</translate>


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* '''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. Pamma is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.
* '''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. Pamma is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.
* '''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. Wawa is pronounced with "English w:s". Wawa is similar to mamma (mom) and pappa (dad) in that it consists of repetitive phonemes that are physically easy for smaller children to pronounce. Wawa is a good addition among the Swedish parental words as it provides a completely gender-neutral alternative with similarities of mamma and pappa that do not have an origin in the gender binary.
* '''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. Wawa is pronounced with "English w:s". Wawa is similar to mamma (mom) and pappa (dad) in that it consists of repetitive phonemes that are physically easy for smaller children to pronounce. Wawa is a good addition among the Swedish parental words as it provides a completely gender-neutral alternative with similarities of mamma and pappa that do not have an origin in the gender binary.
 
* '''Other alternatives include:''' mapa, pama, mappi/mapi, babba/baba, babbi/babi, dada, momma, momo. The neutrality of these words might vary because of what the words generally are associated with and what oneself percieves them as.
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* '''Vårdnadshavare.''' Neutral, formal, standard, means caregiver.
*'''Vårdnadshavare.''' Neutral, formal, standard, means caregiver.
*'''Medföräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means co-parent. This term can be used gender-inclusively, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected.
*'''Medföräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means co-parent. This term can be used gender-inclusively, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected.
*'''Gravida, gravida personer.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means pregnant people. These terms can be used instead of "pregnant women" as a gender-inclusive alternative, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected.
*'''Gravida, gravida personer.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means pregnant people. These terms can be used instead of "pregnant women" as a gender-inclusive alternative, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected.
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<translate>
<translate>
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*'''Barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child/kid.
*'''Barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)/kid.
* '''Bebis.''' Neutral, standard. Means baby.
* '''Bebis.''' Neutral, standard. Means baby.
*'''Småbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means toddler.
*'''Småbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means toddler.
*'''Tonåring.''' Neutral, standard. Means teenager.
*'''Tonåring.''' Neutral, standard. Means teenager.
*'''Ungdom.''' Neutral, standard. Means youth/youngster.
*'''Ungdom.''' Neutral, standard. Means youth/youngster.
*'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, "telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They are alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young one. Would sound weird in conversation.
*'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, would sound weird in conversation. "Telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young child agewise.
*'''Äldsta/förstfödda, mellan-/andra-/trejde-/fjärde-/... födda, yngsta/sistfödda.''' Neutral. Means oldest/first-born, middle-/second-/third-/fourth-/...-born and youngest/last-born. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child in a gender-neutral way but also as to not necesserily specify them being a young child agewise.
</translate>
</translate>


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<translate>
<translate>
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*'''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. Förförälder can be used both as a collective word for grandparents, but also to designate a parent's parent as gender-neutral. Förföräldrar also serves as an alternative gender-inclusive word to förfäder (forefathers). Förförälder is not included in modern dictionaries, but "förföräldrar" is mentioned in SAOB (The Swedish Academy's dictionary).
*'''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. Förförälder can be used both as a collective word for grandparents, but also to refer to a parent's parent gender-neutrally. Förföräldrar also serves as an alternative gender-inclusive word to förfäder (forefathers). Förförälder is not included in modern dictionaries, but "förföräldrar" is mentioned in SAOB (The Swedish Academy's dictionary).[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_2481-0191.N3SO-0006]
*'''Förför/Förrförr.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. Förför, or alternatively förrförr, ought to be pronounced with "short ö:s" to not confuse it with the word "förför" which means "seduce" (which is pronounced with a short first ö and long second ö). Förför/förrförr is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of mormor (maternal mother, standard), farmor (paternal mother, standard), morfar (maternal father, standard) and farfar (paternal father, standard).
*'''Förrförr/Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. Förrförr/förför, (förför ought to be pronounced with "short ö:s" to not confuse it with the word "förför" which means "seduce", which is pronounced with a short first ö and long second ö). Förrförr/förför is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of mormor (maternal mother, standard), farmor (paternal mother, standard), morfar (maternal father, standard) and farfar (paternal father, standard).
*'''Morför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means maternal grandparent.
*'''Morför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means maternal grandparent.
*'''Farför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means paternal grandparent.
*'''Farför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means paternal grandparent.
*'''Förmor.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s mother/grandma.
*'''Förmor.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means grandma/parent’s mother.
*'''Förfar.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s father/grandpa.
*'''Förfar.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means grandpa/parent’s father.
</translate>
</translate>


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*'''Lillasyskon/Storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/big sibling(s).
*'''Lillasyskon/Storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/big sibling(s).
*'''Yngre syskon/Äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s).
*'''Yngre syskon/Äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s).
*'''Föräldrasyskon/försyskon.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means pibling(s)/parent’s sibling(s). Föräldrasyskon and försyskon can be used both as a collective word for one's parents' sibling(s) and to designate a parent's sibling(s) as gender-neutral. Försyskon is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of moster (maternal sister, standard), faster (paternal sister, standard), morbror (maternal brother, standard) and farbror (paternal brother, standard).
*'''Föräldrasyskon/försyskon.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means pibling(s)/parent’s sibling(s). Föräldrasyskon and försyskon can be used both as a collective word for one's parents' sibling(s) and to refer to a parent's sibling(s) gender-neutrally. Försyskon is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of moster (maternal sister, standard), faster (paternal sister, standard), morbror (maternal brother, standard) and farbror (paternal brother, standard).
*'''Morssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means mother’s sibling(s).
*'''Morssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means mother’s sibling(s).
*'''Farssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means father’s sibling(s).
*'''Farssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means father’s sibling(s).
*'''Föster/Försyster.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s sister/aunt.
*'''Föster/Försyster.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means aunt/parent’s sister.
* '''Förbror.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s brother/uncle.
* '''Förbror.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means uncle/parent’s brother.
*'''Syskonbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means nibling/niece/nephew.
*'''Syskonbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means nibling/niece/nephew.
*'''Systerbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means sister’s child.
*'''Systerbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means sister’s child(ren).
*'''Brorsbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means brother’s child.
*'''Brorsbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means brother’s child(ren).
*'''Syskondotter.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means sibling’s child/niece.
*'''Syskondotter.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means niece/sibling’s sister.
*'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means sibling’s child/nephew.
*'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means nephew/sibling’s son.
*'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin.
*'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin.
*'''Syssling.''' Neutral, standard but “tremänning” is more common. Means second-cousin.
*'''Syssling.''' Neutral, standard but “tremänning” is more common. Means second-cousin.
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</translate>
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===<translate><!--T:41--> In-law & step-family/bonus-family</translate>===  
===<translate><!--T:41--> Specific family terms</translate>===  


<translate>
<translate>
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*'''Adoptivbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive child(ren).
*'''Adoptivförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive parent.
*'''Adoptivsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive sibling.
*'''Biologiskt barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological child(ren).
*'''Biologisk förälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological parent.
*'''Biologiskt syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological sibling(s).
*'''Donationsbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means donation child(ren).
*'''Donationsförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means donation parent.
*'''Donationssyskon (relaterade/orelaterade).''' Neutral, standard. Means donation sibling(s) (related/unrelated).
*'''Fosterbarn/(familjehems) placerat/placerade barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/(family-home-care) placed child(ren).
*'''Fosterförälder/familjehemsförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/family-home-care parent.
*'''Fostersyskon/familjehemssyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/family-home-care sibling(s).
*'''Halvförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means half-parent.
*'''Halvsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means half-sibling(s).
*'''Jourbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means emergency home-care placed child(ren).
*'''Jourförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent for a emergency home-care placed child.
*'''Joursyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s) in an emergency home-care.
*'''Samförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means co-parent.
*'''Styvbarn/Bonusbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child(ren)/bonus-child(ren).
*'''Styvförälder/Bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent.
*'''Styvsyskon/Bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s).
*'''Surrogat/Surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of surrogate mother.
*'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law.
*'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law.
*'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law.
*'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child-in-law.
*'''Svärsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s)-in-law.
*'''Svärsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s)-in-law.
*'''Styvförälder/Bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent.
*'''Styvsyskon/Bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child/bonus-child.
* '''Styvbarn/Bonusbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s).
</translate>
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<translate>
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*'''Gifta/Livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means two spouses/maritial partners.
*'''Gifta/Livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means spouses/maritial partners.
*'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages.
*'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages.
*'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen.
*'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen.
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*'''Gamling.''' Neutral, standard. Means elderly person.
*'''Gamling.''' Neutral, standard. Means elderly person.
*'''Gemene folk/personer/människor.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means "people/persons/humans in general" and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "gemene man" (common man).
*'''Gemene folk/personer/människor.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means "people/persons/humans in general" and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "gemene man" (common man).
*'''Gentleperson.''' Neutral word for gentleman/gentlewoman.
*'''Gentleperson.''' Neutral word for gentleman/gentlekvinna (from english's gentleman/gentlewoman).
*'''Grottbo.''' Neutral word for caveman/cavewoman.


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*'''Gudbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means godchild.
*'''Gudbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means godchild(ren).


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*'''Hemmapartner, hemmaförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means housepartner/housespouse and stay-at-home parent.
*'''Hemmapartner, hemmaförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means housepartner/housespouse and stay-at-home parent.
*'''Juridiska kvinnor/män, registrerade kvinnor/män.''' More correct way to refer to the gender of people within statistics that is based off of binary legal/registered gender, both to emphasize that some can be non-binary or intersex, or that someone is trans but hasn't yet legally transitioned.
*'''Lekperson/Lekfolk.''' Neutral, standard. Means layperson/laypeople and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "lekman/lekmän" (layman/laymen).
*'''Lekperson/Lekfolk.''' Neutral, standard. Means layperson/laypeople and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "lekman/lekmän" (layman/laymen).
*'''Ni!/Hörrni!/Folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys.
*'''Ni!/Hörrni!/Folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys.
*'''Prin, kronprin.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince. Prin provides a completely gender-neutral alternative to princess and prince. It can be used to designate a royal person's child or consort as gender-neutral. The married partner of a prin is called pringemål. Kronprin is used to designate a royal heir as gender-neutral.
*'''Regent/Monark/Majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king.
*'''Regentgemål.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant consort.
*'''Tronföljare.''' Neutral, standard. Means crown-successor.
*'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult.
*'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult.


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*'''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively)
*'''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively)
*'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person.
*'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person.
*'''Ärade/kära publik/gäster/vänner/folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”.
*'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/(gott) folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”.
*'''Person/personer med vagina-slida-vulva/äggstockar/äggceller/livmoder-uterus/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller-spermier, barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditets blivbar, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.'''
*'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggceller/livmoder (uterus)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsbara, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.'''
...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, pregnancy-able, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair...  
...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, people of childbearing potential, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair...  


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</translate>
</translate>


==<translate><!--T:47--> Other words</translate>==
==<translate><!--T:47--> Other words</translate>/==


<translate>
<translate>
<!--T:48-->
<!--T:48-->
*'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", right of public access)
*'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", right of public access)
*'''Amningsmjölk.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk" (breast milk) and "modersmjölk" (mother's milk).
*'''Arbetsstyrka/Arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power).
*'''Arbetsstyrka/Arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power).
*'''Besättning/Personal/Rekrytering-Personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning").
*'''Besättning/Personal/Rekrytering-Personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning").
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* '''Enpersonsjobb.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means one-person's-job and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansjobb" (one-man's-job).
* '''Enpersonsjobb.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means one-person's-job and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansjobb" (one-man's-job).
* '''Förtrollare/Trollkonstnär/Förhäxare/Häxkonstnär/Magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch).
* '''Förtrollare/Trollkonstnär/Förhäxare/Häxkonstnär/Magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch).
*'''Föräldraskap/Släktskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood and kinship, can be used as a gender-neutral alternatives to motherhood and fatherhood.
*'''Föräldraskap/Släktskap, barnbärande föräldraskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood, kinship and childbearing parenthood, they can be used as a gender-neutral alternatives to motherhood and fatherhood.


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<!--T:83-->
* '''Grottbo.''' Neutral word for caveman/cavewoman.
* '''Gudom/Gud.''' Neutral, standard. Means deity/god and can be used as gender-neutral terms instead of separating gud (god) and gudinna (godess).
* '''Gudom/Gud.''' Neutral, standard. Means deity/god and can be used as gender-neutral terms instead of separating gud (god) and gudinna (godess).
* '''Du/Hörru/Sörru/Ni/Hörrni/Sörruni/Folk/Vännen/Vän(ner)/Kamrat/Älskling (sarkastiskt)/Homie/Bestie/Pal/Kiddo/Yo/Ey/Sib/Comrade/Baby (sarkastiskt)/Human/Person/Fam/Peeps/Y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s), buddie(s)/bud.
* '''Huskost/Hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine).
* '''Huskost/Hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine).
* '''Härskarvälde.''' Neutral, standard. Means reign/rulerreign/rulership and can be use as a non-male-centric alternative to "herravälde" ("male-"lordreign).
* '''Härskarvälde.''' Neutral, standard. Means reign/rulerreign/rulership and can be use as a non-male-centric alternative to "herravälde" ("male-"lordreign).
* '''J. Doe, Jay Doe.''' Gender-neutral alternative to Jane Doe and John Doe.
* '''J. Doe, Jay Doe.''' Gender-neutral alternative to Jane Doe and John Doe.
* '''Juridiska kvinnor/män, registrerade kvinnor/män.''' More correct way to refer to the gender of people within statistics that is based off of binary legal/registered gender, both to emphasize that some can be non-binary or intersex, or that someone is trans but hasn't yet legally transitioned.
* '''Karaktär.''' Neutral, standard. Means character/game-character and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "spelgubbe/gubbe" (game-man/man).
* '''Karaktär.''' Neutral, standard. Means character/game-character and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "spelgubbe/gubbe" (game-man/man).
* '''Latine.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino.
* '''Latinamerikan/Latine/Latinx.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino. Latinamerikan means latinamerican. Latine is more in line with the grammar in Spanish and Portugese, but latinx is used much more frequently.
* '''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man).
* '''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man).
*'''Parentonym.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This can be used as a hypernym of matronym and patronym, but also to refer to such names in a gender-neutral sense.
*'''Parentonym.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This can be used as a hypernym of matronym and patronym, but also to refer to such names in a gender-neutral sense.
*'''Parriarkat.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This refers to matriarchal and/or patriarchal social systems. See the English parriarch with the prefix parr- (kin).
*'''Parriarkat.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This refers to matriarchal and/or patriarchal social systems. See the English parriarch with the prefix parr- (kin).
*'''Polttare.''' Neutral, semi-standard loanword from Finnish. Means bach party and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to möhippa (bachelorette party) and svensexa (bachelor party).
*'''Polttare.''' Neutral, semi-standard loanword from Finnish. Means bach party and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to möhippa (bachelorette party) and svensexa (bachelor party).
*'''Prin, kronprin.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince. Prin provides a completely gender-neutral alternative to princess and prince. It can be used to refer to a royal person's child or consort/spouse gender-neutrally. The married partner of a prin is called pringemål. Kronprin is used to refer to a royal heir gender-neutrally. Another alternative to refer to a royal person's child is "rojalt ättlingsbarn" (royal lineage-child), and another alternative for a royal person's consort is "(ingift) rojal gemål" ("married/in-law" royal consort/spouse).
*'''Regent/Monark/Majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king.
*'''Regentgemål.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant consort.
*'''Rike.''' Neutral. Means realm/crownland, can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "kungarike" (kingdom) or "drottningrike" (queendom).
*'''Rike.''' Neutral. Means realm/crownland, can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "kungarike" (kingdom) or "drottningrike" (queendom).
*'''Rojal.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means royal and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "kunglig" (meaning royal but is formed like "kingly").
*'''Rojal.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means royal and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "kunglig" (meaning royal but is formed like "kingly").
*'''Snöfigur/Snövän/Snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman).
*'''Snöfigur/Snövän/Snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman).
*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill).
*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill).
*'''Surrogat/Surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of surrogate mother.
*'''Surrogatskap/Surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood).
*'''Surrogatskap/Surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood).


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<!--T:84-->
* '''Syskonskap/Kamratskap/Gemenskap/Samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood.
* '''Syskonskap/Kamratskap/Gemenskap/Samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood.
* '''Vuxendom/Vuxenskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to womandhood and manhood.
* '''Tronföljare.''' Neutral, standard. Means crown-successor.
* '''Vuxendom/Vuxenskap/Vuxenliv, ålderdom/ålderskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood/adult-life and elderhood, they can be used as gender-neutral alternatives to womandhood and manhood.
</translate>
</translate>


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<!--T:102-->
<!--T:102-->
*Husfru, husherre → ''Husbiträde, restauranghusbiträde, hotellhusbiträde''
*Husfar, husmor → Husförälder


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<!--T:103-->
* Husfru, husherre → ''Husbiträde, restauranghusbiträde, hotellhusbiträde''
<!--T:154-->
*Huvudman → Fullmaktsgivare, huvudansvarig myndighet
*Huvudman → Fullmaktsgivare, huvudansvarig myndighet


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<!--T:124-->
*Sjöman → Flottist, sjösoldat
*Sjöman → Flottist, sjösoldat, sjöfarare


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<!--T:138-->
<!--T:138-->
*Upphovsman → Upphovsperson, upphovsmakare
*Upphovsman → Upphovsrättsinnehavare, upphovsperson, upphovsmakare


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<!--T:139-->
Jeppesper
translation-admin
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edits

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