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Gender neutral language in Swedish/en: Difference between revisions
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|Flicka, tjej, jänta, tös | |Flicka, tjej, jänta, tös | ||
|Pojke, kille, grabb, gosse | |Pojke, kille, grabb, gosse | ||
|Enby | |Enby | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Adult person | |Adult person | ||
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|Kvinna, tjej, dam, brud | |Kvinna, tjej, dam, brud | ||
|Man, kille, karl, herre, snubbe | |Man, kille, karl, herre, snubbe | ||
|Enby, enban | |Enby, enban | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Old person | |Old person | ||
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|Gumma, tant | |Gumma, tant | ||
|Gubbe, farbror | |Gubbe, farbror | ||
|Enby, enban | |Enby, enban | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Person of any age | |Person of any age | ||
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|Kvinna, kvinnlig person, kvinnor och flickor i all deras mångfald | |Kvinna, kvinnlig person, kvinnor och flickor i all deras mångfald | ||
|Man, manlig person, män och pojkar i all deras mångfald | |Man, manlig person, män och pojkar i all deras mångfald | ||
|Icke-binär person, intersexperson, enby, enban | |Icke-binär person, intersexperson, enby, enban | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Descriptive | |Descriptive | ||
|Mänsklig, human | |Mänsklig, human | ||
|Kvinnlig, feminin, tjejig, honlig, gynisk (reffered from English's "gynous") | |Kvinnlig, feminin, tjejig, honlig, tjejkropp, gynisk (reffered from English's "gynous") | ||
|Manlig, maskulin, killig, hanlig, andrisk (refferred from English's "androus") | |Manlig, maskulin, killig, hanlig, killkropp, andrisk (refferred from English's "androus") | ||
|icke-binär, intersex/interkönad, androgyn, neutral, okönad/ | |icke-binär, intersex/interkönad, androgyn, neutral, okönad/könlös | ||
|} | |} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The words "enby" and "enban" were made for nonbinary people specifically, but could be used by nonbinary intersex people who identify with it. They can also be used by parents for their intersex children as to recognize them being intersex (them not being binary) and as to not force them to be a "girl" or a "boy", while also giving them nouns to use for themselves the same way girls and boys get to. Although these words are not condoned by everyone since they do reinforce gendering. | <nowiki>*</nowiki>The words "enby" and "enban" were made for nonbinary people specifically, but could be used by nonbinary intersex people who identify with it. They can also be used by parents for their intersex children as to recognize them being intersex (them not being binary) and as to not force them to be a "girl" or a "boy", while also giving them nouns to use for themselves the same way girls and boys get to. Although these words are not condoned by everyone since they do reinforce gendering. | ||
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'''Note 3:''' Some nonbinary people dislike "enby" and feel it is infantilizing. | '''Note 3:''' Some nonbinary people dislike "enby" and feel it is infantilizing. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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*'''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Pamma is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Pamma] | *'''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Pamma is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Pamma] | ||
*'''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Wawa is pronounced with "English w:s". Wawa is similar to mamma (mom) and pappa (dad) in that it consists of repetitive phonemes that are physically easy for smaller children to pronounce. Wawa is a good addition among the Swedish parental words as it provides a completely gender-neutral alternative with similarities of mamma and pappa that do not have an origin in the gender binary.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Wawa] | *'''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Wawa is pronounced with "English w:s". Wawa is similar to mamma (mom) and pappa (dad) in that it consists of repetitive phonemes that are physically easy for smaller children to pronounce. Wawa is a good addition among the Swedish parental words as it provides a completely gender-neutral alternative with similarities of mamma and pappa that do not have an origin in the gender binary.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Wawa] | ||
*'''Mamma, pappa.''' Not conventionally neutral. Mamma and pappa are the standard feminine and masculine parental words respectively, meaning "mom" and "dad", but while they are conventionally gendered, people are free to choose whatever words the want for their children to refer to them as, maybe to break gender norms or because one finds these more fitting oneself even though one doesn't identity with the specific feminine or masculine connotations to them. | |||
*'''Other alternatives include:''' mapa, pama, mappi/mapi, babba/baba, babbi/babi, dada, momma, momo. The neutrality of these words might vary because of what the words generally are associated with and what oneself percieves them as.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf] | *'''Other alternatives include:''' mapa, pama, mappi/mapi, babba/baba, babbi/babi, dada, momma, momo. The neutrality of these words might vary because of what the words generally are associated with and what oneself percieves them as.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf] | ||
* '''Vårdnadshavare, förmyndare.''' Neutral, formal, standard, means caregiver and guardian. | * '''Vårdnadshavare, förmyndare.''' Neutral, formal, standard, means caregiver and guardian. | ||
*''' | *'''Stödperson, medföräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means support-person and co-parent. These terms can be used gender-inclusively and relation-inclusively for a person/parent/partner accompanying the birthing parent instead of assuming that it's a man/father/parent, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. | ||
*'''Gravida, gravida personer.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means pregnant people. These terms can be used instead of "pregnant women" as a gender-inclusive alternative, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. | *'''Gravida, gravida personer.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means pregnant people. These terms can be used instead of "pregnant women" as a gender-inclusive alternative, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. | ||
*'''Födande föräldern/gravida föräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means "birthing parent/pregnant parent". This term can be used instead of "the mother" as a gender-inclusive alternative but also without designating a parental status for surrogates, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. | *'''Födande föräldern/gravida föräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means "birthing parent/pregnant parent". This term can be used instead of "the mother" as a gender-inclusive alternative but also without designating a parental status for surrogates, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. | ||
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*'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", only removing "mans", right of public access). | *'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", only removing "mans", right of public access). | ||
*'''Amningsmjölk, amningsmjölksersättning.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk and breast-/chestfeeding formula, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk"/"modersmjölk" (breast milk/mother's milk) and "bröstmjölksersättning"/modersmjölksersättning" (breast-/mother's milk substitute/formula). | *'''Amningsmjölk, amningsmjölksersättning.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk and breast-/chestfeeding formula, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk"/"modersmjölk" (breast milk/mother's milk) and "bröstmjölksersättning"/modersmjölksersättning" (breast-/mother's milk substitute/formula). | ||
*'''Tamanka/Tamankor, vildand/vildänder.''' Neutral species alternatives to ”anka/and” (domestic hen duck/wild hen mallard, vernacular for domestic ducks/wild ducks) and ”drake” (domestic drake/wild drake), uncommon (but will be understood) non-vernacular terms for domestic duck bird(s)/wild mallard bird(s). | |||
*'''Arbetsstyrka/arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). | *'''Arbetsstyrka/arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). | ||
*'''Besatt/med personal, obesatt/utan personal.''' Means occupied/with staff and unoccupied/without staff, these alternatives can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives to "bemannad" (manned) and "obemannad" (unmanned). | *'''Besatt/med personal, obesatt/utan personal.''' Means occupied/with staff and unoccupied/without staff, these alternatives can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives to "bemannad" (manned) and "obemannad" (unmanned). | ||
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*'''Handyperson, allt i allo, fixare, hantverkare.''' Neutral alternatives to handyman and handykvinna. | *'''Handyperson, allt i allo, fixare, hantverkare.''' Neutral alternatives to handyman and handykvinna. | ||
*'''Hemspråk, familjespråk, förstaspråk, källspråk, ursprungspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to mother tongue. | *'''Hemspråk, familjespråk, förstaspråk, källspråk, ursprungspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to mother tongue. | ||
*'''Hjortdjur, dov- eller kronhjort.''' Neutral species-specific alternatives to "hind" (doe/hind/cow) and "hjort" (deer/buck, vernacular for deer), standard but non-vernacular terms for deer animal(s) and "fallow or red deer". | |||
*'''Humanoid.''' Neutral alternative to android/gynoid. | *'''Humanoid.''' Neutral alternative to android/gynoid. | ||
*'''Huskost/hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine). | *'''Huskost/hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine). | ||
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*'''Latinamerikan/latine/latinx.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino. Latinamerikan means latinamerican. Latine is more in line with the grammar in Spanish and Portugese, but latinx is used much more frequently. | *'''Latinamerikan/latine/latinx.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino. Latinamerikan means latinamerican. Latine is more in line with the grammar in Spanish and Portugese, but latinx is used much more frequently. | ||
*'''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man). | *'''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man). | ||
*'''Lågramscykel, högramscykel, mellanramscykel/neutralramscykel.''' Neutral, descriptive and might be understood. Mean low-frame, high-frame and middle-/neutral-frame bicycle, these words can be used instead of gendering specfic type of bikes that anyone can useregardless of gender. Low-frame, high-frame and middle-/neutral-frame bicycle refers to what is conventionally called women's, men's and unisex bicycles respectively. | |||
*'''Nötdjur/nötboskap/nötkreatur.''' Neutral species-specific alternatives to "ko" (cow, vernacular for cattle) and "tjur" (bull), standard but non-vernacular terms for cattle. | |||
*'''Oligarki, fåvälde.''' Neutral alternatives to "fåmannavälde". | *'''Oligarki, fåvälde.''' Neutral alternatives to "fåmannavälde". | ||
*'''Parentonym.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This can be used as a hypernym of matronym and patronym, but also to refer to such names in a gender-neutral sense. | *'''Parentonym.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This can be used as a hypernym of matronym and patronym, but also to refer to such names in a gender-neutral sense. | ||
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*'''Prin/prinx, pringemål/prinxgemål, kronprin/kronprinx.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Prin/prinx are by only using the beginning of each word, or by adding a neutral -x, gender-neutral alternatives to "prinsessa" (princess) and "prins" (prince) . They can be used to refer to a royal person's child or consort/spouse gender-neutrally. The married spouse of a prin/prinx is called pringemål/prinxgemål. Kronprin/kronprinx is used to refer to a royal crown-heir gender-neutrally. | *'''Prin/prinx, pringemål/prinxgemål, kronprin/kronprinx.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Prin/prinx are by only using the beginning of each word, or by adding a neutral -x, gender-neutral alternatives to "prinsessa" (princess) and "prins" (prince) . They can be used to refer to a royal person's child or consort/spouse gender-neutrally. The married spouse of a prin/prinx is called pringemål/prinxgemål. Kronprin/kronprinx is used to refer to a royal crown-heir gender-neutrally. | ||
*'''Psykning, bedrägeri.''' Neutral alternatives to gamesmanship. | *'''Psykning, bedrägeri.''' Neutral alternatives to gamesmanship. | ||
*'''Påskfigur, påskgäst, påskutklädd.''' Neutral and inclusive alternatives to "påskhäxa" (easter witch). | |||
*'''Quing'''. Neologistic gender-neutral term for a monarch combining the English words "king" and "queen". | *'''Quing'''. Neologistic gender-neutral term for a monarch combining the English words "king" and "queen". | ||
*'''Regent/monark/majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king. | *'''Regent/monark/majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king. | ||
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*'''Syskonskap/kamratskap/gemenskap/samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood. | *'''Syskonskap/kamratskap/gemenskap/samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood. | ||
*'''Tamhöna, höns/tamhöns.''' Neutral species-specific alternatives to "höna" (hen, vernacular for chicken/domestic fowl) and "tupp" (rooster), standard but non-vernacular terms for domestic fowl(s)/chicken(s). | |||
*'''Tamget, getdjur.''' Neutral species-specific alternatives to "get" (doe, vernacular for goats) and "bock" (buck), standard but non-vernacular terms for domestic goats and goat animal(s). | |||
*'''Uppträdningsförmåga, scennärvaro, teater, artisteri.''' Neutral alternatives to showmanship. | *'''Uppträdningsförmåga, scennärvaro, teater, artisteri.''' Neutral alternatives to showmanship. | ||
*'''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | *'''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | ||
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*Barnmorska → Graviditetsvårdare, förlossningsvårdare (inferred by using "graviditets-" [pregnancy-], "förlossnings-" [childbirth-] and "-vårdare" [-caretaker] as descriptive terms for the midwife profession), ''jordevårdare (not a mutually understandably or established alternative for the professional midwife title. Inferred using the old word "jorde-" – which is believed to mean child – used in the old word for barnmorska which is "jordemor", and instead replacing "-morska" [mother] with "-vårdare" [caretaker])'' | *Barnmorska → Graviditetsvårdare, förlossningsvårdare (inferred by using "graviditets-" [pregnancy-], "förlossnings-" [childbirth-] and "-vårdare" [-caretaker] as descriptive terms for the midwife profession), ''jordevårdare (not a mutually understandably or established alternative for the professional midwife title. Inferred using the old word "jorde-" – which is believed to mean child – used in the old word for barnmorska which is "jordemor", and instead replacing "-morska" [mother] with "-vårdare" [caretaker])'' | ||
*Barnpiga, barnflicka, barnjungfru → Barnvakt, barnpassare, barnskötare, tillsynsansvarig, passningsansvarig | |||
*Borgensman → ''Borgensperson, borgensförtrodd (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" and "-förtrodd" [-trusted] instead of "-man")'' | *Borgensman → ''Borgensperson, borgensförtrodd (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" and "-förtrodd" [-trusted] instead of "-man")'' | ||
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*Vetenskapsman → Forskare | *Vetenskapsman → Forskare | ||
*Våldsman → Våldsverkare | *Våldsman → Våldsverkare, våldsperson | ||
*Våldtäktsman → Våldtäktsförövare, våldtäktare | *Våldtäktsman → Våldtäktsförövare, våldtäktare | ||