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Gender neutral language in Portuguese: Difference between revisions
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{{stub}}{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | {{stub}}{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | ||
The vast majority of Portuguese words have one of two grammatical genders: the feminine or the masculine. The creation and implementation of gender neutral terms in the Portuguese language aims to make non-binary people feel included. | The vast majority of Portuguese words have one of two grammatical genders: the feminine or the masculine. As such, Portuguese is not a gender-neutral language. Expressions such as "obrigado" or "obrigada" change based on your gender. Sometimes, words with the masculine form are seen as the default. Adjectives like "alto" and "alta" change based on gender as well. Many people use an 'e' ending, such as "obrigade". The creation and implementation of gender neutral terms in the Portuguese language aims to make non-binary people feel included. | ||
It is important to note that, in Portuguese, there’s a distinction between '''gender-neutral language''' and '''inclusive language'''. Though the two overlap in some aspects, the latter makes use of already existing binary terms and its main goal is to include both men and women in conversations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|title=Linguagem inclusiva e linguagem neutra: entenda a diferença!|last=Folter|first=Regiane|date=9 March 2021|website=politize!|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Inclusive language and neutral language: understand the difference!|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704235358/https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> It comes as a response to the way Portuguese uses the masculine to encompass the feminine. This can be seen, for example, when groups are referred to with the masculine and plural form of a noun even when they’re not made-up exclusively of men. | It is important to note that, in Portuguese, there’s a distinction between '''gender-neutral language''' and '''inclusive language'''. Though the two overlap in some aspects, the latter makes use of already existing binary terms and its main goal is to include both men and women in conversations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|title=Linguagem inclusiva e linguagem neutra: entenda a diferença!|last=Folter|first=Regiane|date=9 March 2021|website=politize!|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Inclusive language and neutral language: understand the difference!|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704235358/https://www.politize.com.br/linguagem-inclusiva-e-linguagem-neutra-entenda/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> It comes as a response to the way Portuguese uses the masculine to encompass the feminine. This can be seen, for example, when groups are referred to with the masculine and plural form of a noun even when they’re not made-up exclusively of men. | ||
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!a | !a | ||
!ae | !ae | ||
! colspan="2" |eo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/neolinguagem|title=Archived profile for neolinguagem on Instagram|website=Ghostarchive}}</ref> | ! colspan="2" |eo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/neolinguagem|title=Archived profile for neolinguagem on Instagram|website=Ghostarchive}}</ref> | ||
! colspan="3" |o | ! colspan="3" |o | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="3" |u | ||
!ue | |||
! colspan="2" |e | |||
!oa | !oa | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 198: | Line 199: | ||
|esta(s) | |esta(s) | ||
|estae(s) | |estae(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |esteo(s) | | colspan="2" |esteo(s) | ||
| colspan="3" |esto(s) | | colspan="3" |esto(s) | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3" |estu(s) | ||
|estue(s) | |||
|este(s) | |||
|iste(s) | |||
|estoa(s) | |estoa(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 207: | Line 210: | ||
|essa(s) | |essa(s) | ||
|essae(s) | |essae(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |esseo(s) | | colspan="2" |esseo(s) | ||
| colspan="3" |esso(s) | | colspan="3" |esso(s) | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="3" |essu(s) | ||
|essue(s) | |||
|esse(s) | |||
|isse(s) | |||
|essoa(s) | |essoa(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 216: | Line 221: | ||
|minha(s) | |minha(s) | ||
|minhae(s) | |minhae(s) | ||
|minheo(s) | |minheo(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |meo(s) | | colspan="2" |meo(s) | ||
| Line 222: | Line 226: | ||
| colspan="2" |meu(s) | | colspan="2" |meu(s) | ||
|minhu(s) | |minhu(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |mue(s) | |||
| colspan="2" |minhe(s) | |||
|minhoa(s) | |minhoa(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|tua(s) | |tua(s) | ||
|tuae(s) | |tuae(s) | ||
|tueo(s) | |tueo(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |teo(s) | | colspan="2" |teo(s) | ||
|tuo(s) | |tuo(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |teu(s) | | colspan="2" |teu(s) | ||
|tu(s) | | colspan="2" |tu(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |tue(s) | |||
|tui(s) | |||
|tuoa(s) | |tuoa(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|sua(s) | |sua(s) | ||
|suae(s) | |suae(s) | ||
|sueo(s) | |sueo(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |seo(s) | | colspan="2" |seo(s) | ||
|suo(s) | |suo(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |seu(s) | | colspan="2" |seu(s) | ||
|su(s) | | colspan="2" |su(s) | ||
| colspan="2" |sue(s) | |||
|sui(s) | |||
|suoa(s) | |suoa(s) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|secretáriy | |secretáriy | ||
|secretárioa | |secretárioa | ||
|- | |||
|fogosa/o | |||
|fogosae | |||
|fogosie | |||
|fogoseo | |||
|fogose | |||
|fogosu | |||
|fogosy | |||
|fogosoa | |||
|} | |} | ||
Some words, such as heteronyms, are also inflected in the beginning, examples and proposals below.<ref>https://bloguealternative.wordpress.com/lista-de-neologismos/</ref><ref>https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7546402/mod_resource/content/1/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20para%20todas%2C%20todos%20e%20todes_UnB.pdf</ref><ref>https://repository.ufrpe.br/bitstream/123456789/3756/1/tcc_art_enildavaleriagomesmarinho.pdf</ref> | In words like -osa/-oso, as in fogosa, the pronunciation changes. -oso would be -ôso and -osa would be -ósa. That way, some prefer the markedness and may pronounce ''fogose'' as ''fogóse''.<ref>https://bloguealternative.wordpress.com/neolinguagem/ [https://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/dicas-para-escrever-sem-linguagem-espec%C3%ADfica/]</ref> While others might still pronounce it as in the unspecific or generic, so ''fogôse''. There is a proposal to use -u- in cases that the -o- varies in pronounce (-ó-/-ô-).<ref>https://orientando.org/neolinguagem/neoflexoes/</ref> So that would means ''foguse'' is a third alternative. That also extends to other words, such as ''nuvie'' (novo/nova) and ''sugre'' (sogra/sogro). | ||
Some words, such as anthropo-heteronyms, are also inflected in the beginning, examples and proposals below.<ref>https://bloguealternative.wordpress.com/lista-de-neologismos/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7546402/mod_resource/content/1/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20para%20todas%2C%20todos%20e%20todes_UnB.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803002337/https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7546402/mod_resource/content/1/Comunica%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20para%20todas%2C%20todos%20e%20todes_UnB.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://repository.ufrpe.br/bitstream/123456789/3756/1/tcc_art_enildavaleriagomesmarinho.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-02 |archive-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822033720/https://repository.ufrpe.br/bitstream/123456789/3756/1/tcc_art_enildavaleriagomesmarinho.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|madrinha/padrinho | |madrinha/padrinho | ||
|nadrinhe | | colspan="2" |nadrinhe | ||
|xadrinhe | | colspan="2" |xadrinhe | ||
|adrinhe | |adrinhe | ||
|fadrinhe | |fadrinhe | ||
| Line 507: | Line 526: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|madre/padre | |madre/padre | ||
|nadre | | colspan="2" |nadre | ||
|xadre | | colspan="2" |xadre | ||
|adre | |adre | ||
|fadre | |fadre | ||
| Line 515: | Line 534: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|madrasta/padrasto | |madrasta/padrasto | ||
|nadraste | | colspan="2" |nadraste | ||
|xadraste | | colspan="2" |xadraste | ||
|adraste | |adraste | ||
|fadraste | |fadraste | ||
| Line 523: | Line 542: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|matriarca/patriarca | |matriarca/patriarca | ||
|natriarca | | colspan="2" |natriarca | ||
|xatriarca | | colspan="2" |xatriarca | ||
|atriarca | |atriarca | ||
|fadriarca | |fadriarca | ||
| Line 531: | Line 550: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|maternidade/paternidade | |maternidade/paternidade | ||
|naternidade | | colspan="2" |naternidade | ||
|xaternidade | | colspan="2" |xaternidade | ||
|aternidade | |aternidade | ||
|faternidade | |faternidade | ||
| Line 539: | Line 558: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|mãe/pai | |mãe/pai | ||
|nãe/nam | |nãe/nam/nai | ||
|pãe | | colspan="2" |pãe/mai | ||
|xãe/xai | |||
| colspan="3" |ade | | colspan="3" |ade | ||
|zazi | |zazi | ||