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Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions
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|<translate><!--T:168--> Person of adult age </translate> | |<translate><!--T:168--> Person of adult age </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:169--> Vuxen </translate> | |<translate><!--T:169--> Vuxen </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:170--> Kvinna, tjej, dam, brud </translate> | |<translate><!--T:170--> Kvinna, tjej, fruntimmer, dam, brud </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:171--> Man, kille, karl, herre, snubbe </translate> | |<translate><!--T:171--> Man, kille, karl, herre, snubbe </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:172--> Enby, enban </translate> | |<translate><!--T:172--> Enby, enban </translate> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!<translate><!--T:233--> *Descriptive adjectives </translate> | !<translate><!--T:233--> *Descriptive adjectives </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:234--> Mänsklig, nyfödd | |<translate><!--T:234--> Mänsklig, nyfödd, liten, yngre, minderårig, ung, tonårig, ungdomlig, äldre, vuxen, myndig, medelålders, gammal, pensionerad, stor </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:235--> Kvinnlig, feminin, tjejig, honlig, tjejkropp, gynisk (reffered from English's "gynous") </translate> | |<translate><!--T:235--> Kvinnlig, feminin, tjejig, honlig, tjejkropp, gynisk (reffered from English's "gynous") </translate> | ||
|<translate><!--T:236--> Manlig, maskulin, killig, hanlig, killkropp, andrisk (refferred from English's "androus")</translate> | |<translate><!--T:236--> Manlig, maskulin, killig, hanlig, killkropp, andrisk (refferred from English's "androus")</translate> | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!<translate><!--T:187--> Declension of enby | !<translate><!--T:187--> Declension of enby </translate> | ||
! colspan="2" |<translate><!--T:188--> Singular </translate> | ! colspan="2" |<translate><!--T:188--> Singular </translate> | ||
! colspan="2" |<translate><!--T:189--> Plural </translate> | ! colspan="2" |<translate><!--T:189--> Plural </translate> | ||
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*'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, would sound weird in conversation. "Telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young child agewise. | *'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, would sound weird in conversation. "Telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young child agewise. | ||
* '''Äldsta/förstfödda, mellan-/andra-/trejde-/fjärde-/... födda, yngsta/sistfödda.''' Neutral. Means oldest/first-born, middle-/second-/third-/fourth-/...-born and youngest/last-born. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child in a gender-neutral way but also as to not necesserily specify them being a young child agewise. | * '''Äldsta/förstfödda, mellan-/andra-/trejde-/fjärde-/... födda, yngsta/sistfödda.''' Neutral. Means oldest/first-born, middle-/second-/third-/fourth-/...-born and youngest/last-born. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child in a gender-neutral way but also as to not necesserily specify them being a young child agewise. | ||
'''Kompis/vän.''' Neutral, standard. Means "friend" and can be used to | '''Kompis/vän, (klass)kamrat.''' Neutral, standard. Means "friend" and (class)mate, these can be used when talking to children about other children/classmates instead of saying "boys and/or girls". | ||
</translate> | </translate> | ||
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*'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | *'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | ||
*'''Sysk, sysse, sib/sibb'''. Neutral, nonstandard. Abbreviated slang forms of syskon/sibling that can be used as alternatives to "brorsa" (bro) and "syrra" (sis). | *'''Sysk, sysse, sib/sibb'''. Neutral, nonstandard. Abbreviated slang forms of syskon/sibling that can be used as alternatives to "brorsa" (bro) and "syrra" (sis). | ||
*'''Tvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet. | *'''Tvilling, enäggstvilling, tvåäggstvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin/one-egg twins/two-eggs twins, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet. | ||
* '''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s). | * '''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s). | ||
* '''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s). | * '''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s). | ||
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*'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin. | *'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin. | ||
*'''Föräldrakusin/förkusin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrakusin will be understood, förkusin has little use. Means parent's cousin.[https://folkmun.se/][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/?] | *'''Föräldrakusin/förkusin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrakusin will be understood, förkusin has little use. Means parent's cousin.[https://folkmun.se/][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/?] | ||
*'''Syssling.''' Neutral | *'''Syssling/Andrakusin/A-kusin/Småkusin/Nästkusin.''' Neutral alternative to “tremänning”. Means second-cousin. | ||
*'''Brylling.''' Neutral | *'''Brylling/Tredjekusin/B-kusin.''' Neutral alternative to “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. | ||
*'''Pyssling.''' Neutral | *'''Pyssling/Fjärdekusin/C-kusin.''' Neutral alternative to “femmänning” is more common. Means fourth-cousin. | ||
*'''Trassling/Femtekusin/D-kusin.''' Neutral alternative to “sexmänning” is more common. Means fifth-cousin. | |||
</translate> | </translate> | ||
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*'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed. | *'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed. | ||
*'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance. | *'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance. | ||
*'''Gemål/gift partner.''' Neutral, formal, little use/standard. Means wedded spouse. | *'''Gemål/äktenskaplig partner/gift partner.''' Neutral, formal, little use/standard. Means wedded spouse. | ||
*'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | *'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | ||
*'''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person. | *'''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person. | ||
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*'''Styvförälder/bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent. | *'''Styvförälder/bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent. | ||
*'''Styvsyskon/bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s). | *'''Styvsyskon/bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s). | ||
*'''Surrogat/surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of surrogate mother. | *'''Surrogat/surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of "surrogate mother" for those who carry a child for someone else. Surrogatförälder can also be used for a person who acts as a type of substitute found-family parental figure. | ||
*'''Surrogatbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate child and can be used as gender-inclusive term for a child who was carried by a surrogate parent, or for a person who one has a type of substitute found-family parent-child relationship with. | |||
*'''Surrogatsyskon.''' Neutral. Means surrogate sibling and can be used as a gender-inclusive term to refer to a sibling who acts as the carrier for one's child, or for a person who one has a type of substitute found-family siblinghood relationship with. | |||
*'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law. | *'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law. | ||
*'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | *'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | ||
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<translate> | <translate> | ||
<!--T:44--> | <!--T:44--> | ||
*'''Gifta | *'''Gifta, livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means spouses and lifepartners. | ||
*'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages. | *'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages. | ||
*'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen. | *'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen. | ||
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* '''Människa.''' Neutral standard. Means human and should be used instead of män and man (men and man) when refering to humans in general. | * '''Människa.''' Neutral standard. Means human and should be used instead of män and man (men and man) when refering to humans in general. | ||
*'''Ni!/hörrni!/folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. | *'''Ni!/hörrni!/folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. | ||
*'''Tredje person, tredje part, annan person, extern part.''' Neutral alternative to "tredje man" (third man). | |||
*'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | *'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | ||
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*'''Besättning/personal/rekrytering, personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). | *'''Besättning/personal/rekrytering, personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). | ||
*'''B’nai mitzva (plural neutral/plural masculine, standard), b'nei mitzva (neutral, “child of God's commandments”, less use), b mitzva (neutral, informal shorthand, less use).''' Gender-neutral alternatives to bat mitzvah and bar mitzvah. | *'''B’nai mitzva (plural neutral/plural masculine, standard), b'nei mitzva (neutral, “child of God's commandments”, less use), b mitzva (neutral, informal shorthand, less use).''' Gender-neutral alternatives to bat mitzvah and bar mitzvah. | ||
*'''Bröllopsklädsel, bröllopskläder.''' Neutral umberella terms to use as alternatives instead of specifying dress or tuxedo. | |||
*'''Cowhand.''' Neutral English loanword as alternative for cowboy and cowgirl. | *'''Cowhand.''' Neutral English loanword as alternative for cowboy and cowgirl. | ||
*'''Drömpartner, rojal drömpartner.''' Neutral alternatives to "drömprins/drömprinsessa" (dream princes/dream princess) | |||
*'''Du, hörru, sörru, ni, hörrni, sörruni, folk, vännen, vän(ner), kamrat, älskling (sarcastic), homie, bestie, kiddo, yo, ey, sib, comrade, baby (sarcastic), human, person, fam, chat, peeps, y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), pal(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s). | *'''Du, hörru, sörru, ni, hörrni, sörruni, folk, vännen, vän(ner), kamrat, älskling (sarcastic), homie, bestie, kiddo, yo, ey, sib, comrade, baby (sarcastic), human, person, fam, chat, peeps, y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), pal(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s). | ||
*'''Ehm, this is a Wendy's.''' Neutral English loanphrase as alternative phrase that replaces sir and ma'am in "Sir/Ma'am, this is a Wendy's." by removing the gendered honorifics. | *'''Ehm, this is a Wendy's.''' Neutral English loanphrase as alternative phrase that replaces sir and ma'am in "Sir/Ma'am, this is a Wendy's." by removing the gendered honorifics. | ||
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*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill). | *'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill). | ||
*'''Strukhuvudsknöl/larynxknöl'''. Neutral alternative to "Adam's apple". | *'''Strukhuvudsknöl/larynxknöl'''. Neutral alternative to "Adam's apple". | ||
*'''Studentföreningar, sociala universitetsklubbar, sociala akademiska klubbar.''' Neutral alternatives to sororater/kvinnoföreningar and broderskap (sororities and fraternities). | |||
*'''Suckvitsar, suckskämt, töntskämt, föräldraskämt, torra skämt, torra (ord)vitsar.''' Neutral alternatives to "pappa skämt" (dad jokes). | *'''Suckvitsar, suckskämt, töntskämt, föräldraskämt, torra skämt, torra (ord)vitsar.''' Neutral alternatives to "pappa skämt" (dad jokes). | ||
*'''Surrogatskap/surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood). | *'''Surrogatskap/surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood). | ||
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*'''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | *'''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | ||
*'''Vattumänniska, vattufolk.''' Neutral alternatives to "sjöjungfru/vattukvinna" (mermaid) and "sjöman/vattuman" (merman), means merperson and merfolk. | *'''Vattumänniska, vattufolk.''' Neutral alternatives to "sjöjungfru/vattukvinna" (mermaid) and "sjöman/vattuman" (merman), means merperson and merfolk. | ||
*'''Vuxendom/vuxenskap/vuxenliv, ålderdom/ålderskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood/adult-life and elderhood, they can be used as gender-neutral alternatives to womandhood and manhood. | *'''Vuxendom/vuxenskap/vuxenliv, personskap, ålderdom/ålderskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood/adult-life, personhood and elderhood, they can be used as gender-neutral alternatives to womandhood and manhood. | ||
*'''Winger, wingfriend.''' Neutral English loanwords as alternative to wingman. | *'''Winger, wingfriend.''' Neutral English loanwords as alternative to wingman. | ||
*'''Yas/slay/go off/get it/fuck 'em up/ pop off/snap it/tell 'em legend/icon/boss/cooling/quing/royalty/majesty/liege/eminence/excellency.''' Neutrala alternativ till "yas queen/king". | *'''Yas/slay/go off/get it/fuck 'em up/ pop off/snap it/tell 'em legend/icon/boss/cooling/quing/royalty/majesty/liege/eminence/excellency.''' Neutrala alternativ till "yas queen/king". | ||
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*Förman → ''Förchef (inferred using the gender-neutral "-chef" [boss] instead of "-man")'' | *Förman → ''Förchef (inferred using the gender-neutral "-chef" [boss] instead of "-man")'', arbetsledare, gruppledare, teamledare, teamchef | ||
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*Målsman → Vårdnadshavare | *Målsman → Vårdnadshavare, företrädare | ||
*Mejerska → Mejeriarbetare, mejerist, mjölkare | *Mejerska → Mejeriarbetare, mejerist, mjölkare | ||
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*Skådespelerska, teaterman → Skådespelare | *Skådespelerska, teaterman → Skådespelare | ||
*Sminkös, sminkör → Sminkare, sminkör, maskör, smink artist/stilyst, make up artist/stylist | *Sminkös, sminkör → Sminkare, sminkör, maskör, smink artist/stilyst, make up artist/stylist | ||
*Sopgubbe → Sopbilsförare, | *Sopgubbe → Sopbilsförare, soppersonal, soparbetare, sanitetsarbetare, sophämtare, soppersonal, sopåkare | ||
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*Stuntman → Stuntperson | *Stuntman → Stuntperson | ||
*Styrman, rorsman → Styrbefäl, styrperson, fartygsbefäl, rorgängare | |||
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