Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions

 
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* Using gender-neutral pronouns: ''Hen'' instead of ''han'' (he) or ''hon'' (she).
* Using gender-neutral pronouns: ''Hen'' instead of ''han'' (he) or ''hon'' (she).
* Choosing inclusive nouns: ''Vuxen'' (adult) instead of ''man'' (man) or ''kvinna'' (woman).
* Choosing inclusive nouns: ''Vuxen'' (adult) instead of ''man'' (man) or ''kvinna'' (woman).
* Reforming job titles: ''Brandbekämpare'' (firefighter) instead of ''brandman'' (literally “fireman”), and ''sjukskötare'' (caregiver/nurse) instead of ''sjuksköterska'' (traditionally “female nurse”).<!--T:151-->
* Reforming job titles: ''Brandbekämpare'' (firefighter) instead of ''brandman'' (literally “fireman”), and ''sjukskötare'' (caregiver/nurse) instead of ''sjuksköterska'' (traditionally specifically “female nurse”).<!--T:151-->


=== Why Gender-Neutral Language Matters ===
=== Why Gender-Neutral Language Matters ===
The goal of gender-neutral language is to foster equality and inclusion for all individuals, regardless of gender. It helps reduce the risk of misgendering, which can cause discomfort or distress – particularly for people who experience gender dysphoria or who do not identify within the traditional gender binary.
The goal of gender-neutral language is to foster equality and inclusion for all individuals, regardless of gender. It helps reduce the risk of misgendering, which can cause discomfort or distress – particularly for people who experience gender dysphoria or those who do not identify within the traditional gender binary.


Gender-neutral language is not only a useful and necessar grammatical tool but also a social one. It is especially important in contexts where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. By adopting inclusive language, we create environments that respect and acknowledge everyone.<!--T:147-->
Gender-neutral language is not only a useful and necessary grammatical tool, but also a social one. It is especially important in contexts where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. By adopting inclusive language, we create environments that respect and acknowledge everyone.<!--T:147-->


=== History ===
=== History ===
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==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>==  
==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>==  
===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>===  
===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>===  
<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people. Singular de/dem/deras[https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen] (they/them/their) can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not commonly recognized or documented for being able to do so. If de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well (with regards to it not being common practice). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins [https://svenska.se/so/?id=130633][https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin][https://www.mjolby.se/uppleva-och-gora/fritidsgardar/queerious/ordlista---queerious][https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen], which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. 'na and 'an are a shortened, dialectal or old accusative forms of the feminine Swedish pronouns "hon" and the masculine Swedish pronouns "han", 'en could be used for "hen" is a similar way if one uses it in a way that sounds natural. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people. Singular de/dem/deras[https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen] (they/them/their) can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not commonly recognized or documented for being able to do so. If de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well (with regards to it not being common practice). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins [https://svenska.se/so/?id=130633][https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin][https://www.mjolby.se/uppleva-och-gora/fritidsgardar/queerious/ordlista---queerious][https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen], which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
   
   
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<translate><!--T:183--> '''Note 1:''' The words "enby" and "enban" were made for nonbinary people specifically, but could be used by nonbinary intersex people who identify with it. They can also be used by parents for their intersex children "if" the child expresses an identification with not being specifially a girl or a boy and wants to use those words. These words are, however, not condoned by everyone since they do reinforce gendering, but it's important to remember that words like "girl", "boy" and "enby" are gendered nouns, while endosex, intersex, female and male is about biological sex and should be used as descriptors for such, thus no specific gendered person-noun for intersex people.
<translate><!--T:183--> '''Note 1:''' The words "enby" and "enban" were made for nonbinary people specifically, but could be used by nonbinary intersex people who identify with it. They can also be used by parents for their intersex children "if" the child expresses an identification with not being specifially a girl or a boy and wants to use those words. These words are, however, not condoned by everyone since they do reinforce gendering. It's important to remember that words like "girl", "boy" and "enby" are gendered nouns, while endosex, intersex, female and male is about biological sex and should be used as descriptors for such, thus people opt not to have any single specific gendered person-noun for intersex people.
</translate>
</translate>


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*'''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. Förförälder can be used both as a collective word for grandparents, but also to refer to a parent's parent gender-neutrally. Förföräldrar also serves as an alternative gender-inclusive word to förfäder (forefathers). Förförälder is not included in modern dictionaries, but "förföräldrar" is mentioned in SAOB (The Swedish Academy's dictionary).[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_2481-0191.N3SO-0006]
*'''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. Förförälder can be used both as a collective word for grandparents, but also to refer to a parent's parent gender-neutrally. Förföräldrar also serves as an alternative gender-inclusive word to förfäder (forefathers). Förförälder is not included in modern dictionaries, but "förföräldrar" is mentioned in SAOB (The Swedish Academy's dictionary).[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_2481-0191.N3SO-0006]
*'''Gammelförälder.''' Neutral, standard, means great-grandparent.
* '''Förrförr/Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. Förrförr/förför, (förför ought to be pronounced with "short ö:s" to not confuse it with the word "förför" which means "seduce", which is pronounced with a short first ö and long second ö). Förrförr/förför is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of mormor (maternal mother, standard), farmor (paternal mother, standard), morfar (maternal father, standard) and farfar (paternal father, standard). "Föffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rrf%C3%B6rr][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/]
* '''Förrförr/Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. Förrförr/förför, (förför ought to be pronounced with "short ö:s" to not confuse it with the word "förför" which means "seduce", which is pronounced with a short first ö and long second ö). Förrförr/förför is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of mormor (maternal mother, standard), farmor (paternal mother, standard), morfar (maternal father, standard) and farfar (paternal father, standard). "Föffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rrf%C3%B6rr][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/]
*'''Morför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means maternal grandparent. "Moffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?sok=morf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrar&pz=4][https://folkmun.se/definition/Morf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/]
*'''Morför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means maternal grandparent. "Moffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?sok=morf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrar&pz=4][https://folkmun.se/definition/Morf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/]
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*'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s).
*'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s).
*'''Sysk, sysse, sib/sibb'''. Neutral, nonstandard. Abbreviated slang forms of syskon/sibling that can be used as alternatives to "brorsa" (bro) and "syrra" (sis).
*'''Sysk, sysse, sib/sibb'''. Neutral, nonstandard. Abbreviated slang forms of syskon/sibling that can be used as alternatives to "brorsa" (bro) and "syrra" (sis).
*'''Tvilling, enäggstvilling, tvåäggstvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin/one-egg twins/two-eggs twins, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet.
*'''Tvilling, enäggstvilling, tvåäggstvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling, flerling'''[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_0663-0283.pbKY-0074]'''/flerbörssyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin, one-egg twin, two-eggs twin, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet, multiple/multiple birth sibling.
* '''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s).
* '''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s).
* '''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s).
* '''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s).
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*'''Respektive.''' Neutral. Means respective/significant other.
*'''Respektive.''' Neutral. Means respective/significant other.
*'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
*'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
*'''Enbyvän.''' Nonstandard, means "enbyfriend" and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
*'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed.
*'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed.
*'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance.
*'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance.
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*'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date.
*'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date.
*'''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person.
*'''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person.
*'''Henvän.''' Nonstandard, means "theyfriend" and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
*'''Henvän.''' Nonstandard, means "theyfriend" (as in Swedish's gender-neutral third person singular pronoun, not as in Swedish's plural they) and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
</translate>
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* '''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively)
* '''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively)
*'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person.
*'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person.
*'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/(gott) folk. Damer, herrar och icke-binära.''' Neutral, inclusive, standard. Gender-inclusive alternatives to “ladies & gentlemen”.
*'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/läsare/lyssnare/tittare/(gott) folk. Damer, herrar och icke-binära.''' Neutral, inclusive, standard. Gender-inclusive alternatives to “ladies & gentlemen”.
*'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggledare/äggceller/livmoder (uterus/kved)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsfertila, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.'''
*'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggledare/äggceller/livmoder (uterus/kved)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsfertila, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.'''
...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/oviducts/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, pregnancy-fertile, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair...  
...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/oviducts/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, pregnancy-fertile, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair...  
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*'''Sjövett.''' Neutral alternative to sjömanskap (seamanship).
*'''Sjövett.''' Neutral alternative to sjömanskap (seamanship).
*'''Skolbarn, elev, student.''' Neutral options for schoolgirl and schoolboy.
*'''Skolbarn, elev, student.''' Neutral options for schoolgirl and schoolboy.
*'''Snuppa, venis.''' Neutral, nonstandard innovative words for ambiguous genitalia for intersex people, "snuppa" is a combination of "snippa" (juvenile word for vagina) and "snopp/snupp" (juvenile word for penis/colliqual juvenile word for penis), and "venis" is a combination of "vagina" and "penis".
*'''Snypp, venis.''' Neutral, nonstandard innovative words for ambiguous genitalia of intersex people. "Snypp" is a combination/altered version of "snippa" (juvenile word for vagina) and "snopp" (juvenile word for penis). "Venis" is a combination of "vagina" and "penis", sounding both similar to "penis" and "venus", giving it both a masculine and feminine tone.
*'''Snöfigur/snövän/snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman).
*'''Snöfigur/snövän/snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman).
*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill).
*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill).
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*Justeringsman → Justerare
*Justeringsman → Justerare, justeringsperson


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