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    [[Bigender]], or '''bi-gender''', is a [[gender identity]] under the [[multigender]], [[nonbinary]], and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Bigender people have two distinct gender identities, either at the same time, or at different times. The latter is a form of [[genderfluid]] identity, and may involve only two distinct genders, or it may involve "shades of gray between the two."<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> The two genders of a bigender person can be the two [[binary genders]], [[female]] and [[male]]. This is what people usually assume bigender means. However, some people who identify as bigender have a different pair of genders. For example, their two genders might be female and [[neutrois]]. Or the two genders might be both nonbinary, such as [[agender]] and [[aporagender]]. Bigender is recognized by the American Psychological Association (APA) as a subset of the transgender group.<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref>
    '''Bigénero''', ou '''bi-género''', é uma identidade de género englobada pelos [[Special:MyLanguage/umbrella terms|termos guarda-chuva]] [[Special:MyLanguage/Multigender|multigénero]], [[Special:MyLanguage/Nonbinary|não-binárie]], e [[Special:MyLanguage/Transgender|transgénero]]. Pessoas bigénero têm duas identidades de género distintas, ou ao mesmo tempo, ou em períodos de tempo diferentes. A definição posterior é um tipo de [[Special:MyLanguage/Genderfluid|género-fluido]] e pode envolver apenas dois géneros distintos ou "tons de cinza entre os dois."<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> Os dois géneros de uma pessoa bigénero podem ser os dois [[Special:MyLanguage/binary genders|géneros binários]], [[Special:MyLanguage/female|mulher]] e [[Special:MyLanguage/male|homem]]. Isto é o que as pessoas normalmente assumem que bigénero significa. Porém, algumas pessoas que se identificam como bigénero podem ter um par de géneros diferente. Por exemplo, os seus dois géneros podem ser mulher e [[neutrois]]. Ou os dois géneros podem ser ambos não-binários, tal como [[Special:MyLanguage/agender|agénero]] e [[Special:MyLanguage/aporagender|aporagénero]]. A identidade bigénero é reconhecida pela Associação Americana de Psicologia (AAP) como uma subcategoria de transgénero.<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref>


    ==História==
    ==História==


    A 1997 paper concerning the "gender continuum" in ''International Journal of Transgenderism'' noted that "a person who feels or acts as both a woman and a man may identify as bi-gendered." The paper also described individuals who were "genderblended", being both binary genders but either "more man than woman" or "more woman than man".<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=}}</ref>
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    In the 1980s, a trans organization called the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute defined "bigenderist" as a type of [[androgyne]], with the latter being defined as "a person who can comfortably express either alternative gender role in a variety of socially acceptable environments."<ref>"Brochure for the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute." Ephemera. 1980. Digital Transgender Archive,  https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/8g84mm373  (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref><ref>The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute.  "Abstracts of a Symposium on Gender Issues for the 90s (Jul. 20, 1988)." Pamphlet. Digital Transgender Archive, https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/5q47rn80n  (accessed October 02, 2020).</ref>
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    A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and less than 8% of those who were [[AFAB|assigned female at birth]] identified as bigender.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02]</ref>
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    In 1992, Donna Mobley wrote in ''The Femme Mirror'' magazine:
    {{quote|I'm neither a man pretending to be a woman nor a woman pretending to be a man. I'm dual-gendered and happily so. Don and Donna coexist and together they make up who and all that I truly am. To lose either part would leave me empty, since neither can exist without the other.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mobley |first=Donna |title=A Question of Balance|date=Winter 1992 |journal=The Femme Mirror}} [https://archive.org/details/tvtstapestry65unse/page/48/mode/2up Reprinted in a 1993 issue of ''TV/TS Tapestry Journal''.]</ref>}}
    </div>


    In a 2010 encyclopedia, bigender is listed as a type of "[[androgyne]]" gender: "Androgyne identities include [[pangender]], [[bigender]], [[ambigender]], nongendered, [[agender]], [[gender fluid]], or [[intergender]]."<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref>
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    A trans man named Gary Bowen defined "bigendered" as "having two genders, exihibiting[sic] cultural characteristics of male and female roles" in his 1995 ''Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women".<ref name="Bowen">{{cite web|author=Bowen, Gary|title=A Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women|work=FTM International|date=15 May 1995|url=http://www.ftm-intl.org/Wrtngs/ftm-words.gary.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/19961105010926/http://www.ftm-intl.org/Wrtngs/ftm-words.gary.html|archive-date=5 November 1996}}</ref>
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    In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of [[genderfluid]] people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders."<ref>Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652]</ref><ref>"Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". ''Neuroskeptic''. April 8, 2012. [http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html]</ref><ref>Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". ''The Huffington Post''. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html]</ref> These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now.
    Em 1997, um artigo sobre o "continuum do género" no ''Jornal Internacional do Transgenerismo'' constatou que "uma pessoa que se sente ou age como ambos uma mulher e um homem poderá identificar-se como bigénero." O artigo também descreveu indivíduos que eram "géneromisto" (''genderblended'' em inglês), sendo ambos os géneros binários mas ou "mais homem que mulher" ou "mais mulher que homem".<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=}}</ref>


    In 2014, bigender was one of the 56 genders made available on Facebook.<ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref>
    Um inquérito dirigido em 1999 pelo Departamento de Saúde Pública de São Francisco verificou que, dentro da comunidade transgénero, menos de 3% dos participantes que foram [[Special:MyLanguage/AMAB|designados homens ao nascimento]] e menos de 8% dos que foram [[Special:MyLanguage/AFAB|designados mulheres ao nascimento]] se identificavam como bigénero.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02]</ref>


    In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. [http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."<ref>"Bigender." ''Dictionary.com.'' Retrieved May 18, 2015. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender]</ref>
    Numa enciclopédia de 2010, bigénero é listado como um tipo de "género [[Special:MyLanguage/androgyne|andrógino]]": "Identidades andróginas incluem [[Special:MyLanguage/pangender|pangénero]], [[Special:MyLanguage/bigender|bigénero]], [[Special:MyLanguage/ambigender|ambigénero]], sem género, [[Special:MyLanguage/agender|agénero]], [[Special:MyLanguage/genderfluid|género-fluido]], ou [[Special:MyLanguage/intergender|intergénero]]."<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref>


    In 2017, bigender was one of the 37 gender options added to the dating network Tinder.<ref name="Mallenbaum">{{Cite web |title=What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms |last=Mallenbaum |first=Carly |work=USA TODAY |date=15 November 2016 |access-date=29 April 2020 |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/15/tinder-app-transgender-agender-genderqueer/93873790/}}</ref>
    Em 2012, Case e Ramachandran elaboraram um relatório sobre os resultados de um inquérito a pessoas [[Special:MyLanguage/genderfluid|género fluido]] que se referiam a si mesmas como bigénero e experienciavam uma alternância involuntária entre estados femininos e masculinos. Case e Ramachandran deram a esta condição o nome "Incongruência de género alternante (IGA)." Case e Ramachandran criaram a hipótese de a alternância de género poder refletir um grau atípico (ou profundidade) de alternâncias hemisféricas, e uma correspondente supressão de mapas corporais apropriados no lobo parietal. Eles declararam "nós levantamos a hipótese de que a monitorização do ciclo nasal, índice de rivalidade binocular, e outros indicadores de alternâncias hemisféricas irá revelar uma base fisiológica para os relatos subjetivos da alternância de género dos indivíduos com IGA... Baseamos a nossa hipótese em associações ancestrais e modernas entre os hemisférios esquerdo e direito e os géneros masculino e feminino."<ref>Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652]</ref><ref>"Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". ''Neuroskeptic''. April 8, 2012. [http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html]</ref><ref>Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". ''The Huffington Post''. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html]</ref> Estes doutores acreditam que quando pessoas bigénero sentem uma mudança entre as suas identidades de género, tal poderá ter a ver com uma mudança em como elas usam partes dos seus cérebros. A mudança de género poderá também estar relacionada com um dos ciclos que todos os humanos possuem no seu corpo, especificamente, uma válvula no nariz que troca de lado a cada dois dias (o ciclo nasal). Isto é apenas uma hipótese, constituindo uma ideia interessante que não está provada.


    ==Gender expression==
    Em 2014, bigénero foi um dos 56 géneros disponibilizados aos usuários do Facebook.<ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref>


    Bigender people "move between feminine and masculine gender-typed behaviour depending on context. Some bigendered individuals express a distinctly ‘en femme’ persona and a distinctly ‘en homme’ persona […] others have shades of grey between the two."<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref>
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    In July of 2014, two bigender pride flag designs by Tumblr user no-bucks-for-this-doe were posted on the blog "pridearchive".<ref name="pridearchive">{{Cite web |title=Bigender Pride |author= |work=Pride Archive |date=30 July 2014 |access-date=6 July 2021 |url= https://pridearchive.tumblr.com/post/93315678776/bigender-pride}}</ref> The first flag has seven horizontal stripes: two shades of pink on the top, followed by a lavender stripe, white middle stripe, another lavender stripe, and two shades of blue on the bottom. The second flag is the same except that the middle stripe is a gradient of white-to-grey. The color meanings were given thusly:
    {{quote|Here's what the flag colours mean:
    </div>


    == Notable bigender people ==
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    Pinks: [[Femininity]]
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    [[File:RB Lemberg.jpg|thumb|200px|Ukrainian author [[R.B. Lemberg]], who descibes themself as bigender.]]
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    Blues: [[Masculinity]]
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    ''See main article: [[Notable nonbinary people]]''
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    Purple: [[Nonbinary]]
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    There are many more [[notable nonbinary people|notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "bigender" or "bi-gender" for themselves.
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    White transitioning to Grey: [[Agender]] and other neutral genders
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    *The Slovakian musician [[B-Complex]] B-Complex (Matia or Maťo Lenická) is a drum and bass music producer and DJ. Prefers the name Maťo when presenting as a man and the name Matia when presenting as a woman.<ref name="denn_Prel">{{Cite web |title=Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia |trans-title=B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia |last=Pecíková |first=Laura |work=Denník N |date= |access-date=28 March 2020 |url= https://dennikn.sk/321936/prelomila-b-complex-muz-mato-zena-matia/ |language=sk}}</ref> The artist's first major label release was "Beautiful Lies", which appeared on the compilation ''Sick Music'' from Hospital Records. The compilation went on to reach the top 30 on the iTunes UK Download Chart, and was in the top 5 on the Beatport Drum and Bass Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|title=Interview: London Elektricity & B-Complex|publisher=Broken Beats|date=15 June 2009|accessdate=2014-09-17|author=Kivex|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117125947/http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|archive-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Records - B-complex |url=https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |publisher=[[Hospital Records]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514041421/https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |archivedate=2013-05-14 }}</ref> B-Complex goes by she/her pronouns (according to her [https://soundcloud.com/b-complex Soundcloud bio]), and says, "I happen to be a transgendered person as well, bi-gender in particular."<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312 Facebook post], June 6, 2015</ref>
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    The placement of the pink and blue stripes on opposite ends of the flag are to represent a sense of separation, yet coexistence between masculinity and femininity<ref name="pridearchive" />}}
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    *The Ukranian writer [[R.B. Lemberg]] is bigender.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">{{cite tweet|user=RB_Lemberg|number=1022283262906048513|date=July 25, 2018|title=@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :)
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    In later years, many alternate bigender pride flags were created after allegations that no-bucks-for-this-doe, aka Sunny, was transphobic and predatory.<ref name="SymbolSage">{{Cite web |title=Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent? |author= |work=Symbol Sage |date=2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |url= https://symbolsage.com/bi-gender-flag-explained/ |quote=A few years back, there were accusations flying around that the original creator of the 'official' bigender flag showed signs of being transphobic and predatory. Thus, many members of the bigender community felt uncomfortable associating with the original bigender flag. There have been many attempts across the years to conceptualize a brand-new bigender flag – one that's free from the questionable reputation of its designer.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://belmonnt-remade.tumblr.com/post/631901475300327424/a-little-note-on-the-bigender-flag-i-do-not-know|title=a little note on the bigender flag|date=13 October 2020|access-date= 6 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |user=SidiPopsicle |number=1404717734819160065 |title=BEGGING people who add Bigender to pride tweets to research that the original flag was made by a transphobic and abusive pedo, and that there are two other popular redesigns to choose from (i personally prefer the one with the purple stripe in the middle, pictured below)!|date=15 June 2021}}</ref> In April 2022, a tumblr user claiming to be Sunny posted that the allegations against them were "more or less true" and also wrote that "I don't like the idea of my flag being used widely because it reminds me of the person I used to be. But it isn't up to me. Flags belong to the community as a whole, not the creator. Regardless I'm glad it seems to be phasing out."<ref>{{cite web|title=I’m Sunny, the creator of the old bigender flag|date=28 April 2022|author=031exuberantwitness|url=https://www.tumblr.com/031exuberantwitness/682756338431016960/im-sunny-the-creator-of-the-old-bigender-flag-a}}</ref>
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    I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they."  
    Em 2015, um significado para a palavra "bigénero" foi adicionado a Dictionary.com,<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. [http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> definindo-a como "uma pessoa que tem duas identidades de género ou uma combinação de duas."<ref>"Bigender." ''Dictionary.com.'' Retrieved May 18, 2015. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender]</ref>
    Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it!
    <3}}</ref> Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine.  


    * The young adult novelist [[Mia Siegert]] is bigender.<ref name="dive_Writ">{{Cite web |title=Writing from a Place of Truth |author= |work=Diversity in YA |date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |url= https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |quote=I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male. }}</ref> Siegert's debut novel ''Jerkbait'' made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop!<ref name="mari">{{Cite web |title=Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert |author=Mari |work=musings of a book girl |date=January 7, 2020 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |url= https://musingsofabookgirl.com/2020/01/07/sensational-sophomores-interview-with-mia-siegert/}}</ref>
    Em 2017, bigénero foi um dos 37 géneros adicionados ao aplicativo de relacionamentos online Tinder.<ref name="Mallenbaum">{{Cite web |title=What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms |last=Mallenbaum |first=Carly |work=USA TODAY |date=15 November 2016 |access-date=29 April 2020 |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/15/tinder-app-transgender-agender-genderqueer/93873790/}}</ref>


    == Bigender characters in fiction ==
    ==Expressão de género==


    ''See main article: [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Nonbinary gender in fiction]]''
    Pessoas bigénero "alternam entre comportamentos femininos e masculinos dependendo do contexto. Alguns indivíduos bigénero expressam uma ''persona'' nitidamente ‘en femme’ e uma ''persona'' nitidamente ‘en homme’ [...] outros têm tons de cinza entre as duas.<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref>


    There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "bigender," either in their canon, or by their creators.
    ==Pessoas bigénero notáveis==


    *''[http://erinptah.com/catperson/ But I'm A Cat Person]'' by Erin Ptah - Urban fantasy webcomic featuring a bigender character - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - as well as numerous 'Beings' who are able to take on both male and female forms. Also features various LGB characters. Updates three times a week.
    [[File:Alyxandra Margaret (A. M.) Dellamonica at FanExpo 2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|Canadian sci-fi writer [[A.M. Dellamonica]], who describes themself as "bigendered".]]
    * Mia Siegert's novel ''Somebody Told Me'' has a bigender protagonist who goes by Alexis and/or Aleks.<ref name="Lerner">{{Cite web |title=A Book Trailer, Podcast, and Mia Siegert's Playlist for Somebody Told Me |author= |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |work=The Lerner Blog |date=May 2020 |access-date=5 July 2020 |url= https://lernerbooks.blog/2020/05/a-book-trailer-podcast-and-mia-siegerts-playlist-for-somebody-told-me.html}}</ref>
    [[File:RB Lemberg.jpg|thumb|200px|Ukrainian author [[R.B. Lemberg]], who describes themself as bigender.]]


    ==See also==
    ''Ver o artigo principal: [[Special:MyLanguage/Notable nonbinary people|Pessoas não-binárias notáveis]]''
    *[[Androgyne]]
    *[[Demigender]]
    *[[Intergender]]
    *[[Genderfluid]]
    *[[List of nonbinary identities]]
    *[[Multigender]]
    *[[Yinyang ren]]


    ===External links===
    Existem muitas mais [[Special:MyLanguage/notable nonbinary people|pessoas notáveis que têm uma identidade de género fora do sistema binário]].
    *[http://bigender.net/ Bigender.net]
    As seguintes são apenas algumas das pessoas notáveis que usam especificamente a palavra "bigénero" ou "bi-género" para se referirem a si mesmas.
    *[[Wikipedia:Bigender|Wikipedia's Bigender article]]
     
    *[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Bigender Bigender at Gender Wiki]
    *A música Eslovaca [[B-Complex]] (Matia ou Maťo Lenická) é DJ e produtora de música de bateria e contrabaixo. Prefere o nome Maťo quando se aparenta como homem e o nome Matia quando se aparenta como mulher.<ref name="denn_Prel">{{Cite web |title=Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia |trans-title=B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia |last=Pecíková |first=Laura |work=Denník N |date= |access-date=28 March 2020 |url= https://dennikn.sk/321936/prelomila-b-complex-muz-mato-zena-matia/ |language=sk}}</ref> O primeiro grande lançamento da artista foi "Beautiful Lies", que apareceu na compilação "Sick Music" da Hospital Records. A compilação alcançou o top 30 no ''iTunes UK Download Chart'', e esteve no top 5 no ''Beatport Drum and Bass Chart''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|title=Interview: London Elektricity & B-Complex|publisher=Broken Beats|date=15 June 2009|accessdate=2014-09-17|author=Kivex|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117125947/http://www.brokenbeats.co.nz/london-elektricity-b-complex-interview/|archive-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hospital Records - B-complex |url=https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |publisher=[[Hospital Records]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514041421/https://www.hospitalrecords.com/shop/artist/b-complex |archivedate=2013-05-14 }}</ref> B-Complex usa os pronomes ela/dela/-a (de acordo com a [https://soundcloud.com/b-complex conta Soundcloud] dela), e diz, "acontece que também sou uma pessoa transgénero, bi-género em particular."<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312 Facebook post], June 6, 2015</ref>
    *[https://www.susans.org/wiki/Bigender Susan's Place Transgender Resource Wiki: Bigender]
     
    <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
    * Canadian sci-fi writer [[A.M. Dellamonica]] describes themself as "bigendered".<ref name="dellamonicapresskit">{{Cite web |title=Press Kit – A.M. Dellamonica |author= |work=alyxdellamonica.com |date= |access-date=8 August 2021 |url= https://alyxdellamonica.com/press-kit/ |quote=Dellamonica tells people they are bigendered, bisexual and bisectional. (The latter means they sing both alto and soprano.) }}</ref><ref name="dellamonicatweet">{{cite tweet |user=AlyxDellamonica|number=743281061069787136|date=June 15, 2016|title=Bigendered, bisectional, bisexual. The middle means I sing alto and soprano. I write SF/F/H. Legally married to @kellyoyo #QueerSelfLove}}</ref>
    </div>
     
    *Ê escritore Ucraniane [[R.B. Lemberg]] é bigénero.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">{{cite tweet|user=RB_Lemberg|number=1022283262906048513|date=July 25, 2018|title=@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :)
     
    I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it!
    <3}}</ref> A ficção especulativa de Lemberg foi publicada nas revistas ''Lightspeed'', ''Strange Horizons'', ''Beneath Ceaseless Skies'' e ''Uncanny Magazine'' e no livro ''Sisters of the Revolution''.
     
    * Ê noveliste  [[Mia Siegert]] é bigénero.<ref name="dive_Writ">{{Cite web |title=Writing from a Place of Truth |author= |work=Diversity in YA |date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |url= https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |quote=I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male. }}</ref> O livro-estreia de Siegert, "Jerkbait", obteve uma posição no ''Goodreads Best YA of May 2016'', no ''Top 12 Indie YA'' do blogue juvenil Barnes & Noble e no ''Top 10 YA of 2016'' do AndPop!<ref name="mari">{{Cite web |title=Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert |author=Mari |work=musings of a book girl |date=January 7, 2020 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |url= https://musingsofabookgirl.com/2020/01/07/sensational-sophomores-interview-with-mia-siegert/}}</ref>
     
    ==Personagens bigénero ficcionais==
     
    ''Ver o artigo principal: [[Special:MyLanguage/Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|Géneros não-binários na ficção]]''
     
    Existem muitas mais [[Special:MyLanguage/Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|personagens ficcionais que têm um género fora do sistema binário]]. As seguintes são apenas algumas dessas personagens que são designadas especificamente pela palavra "bigénero", ou em ''canon'', ou pelos seus criadores.
     
    *''[http://erinptah.com/catperson/ But I'm A Cat Person]'' de Erin Ptah é um webcómico de ficção urbana contendo uma personagem bigénero - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - tal como diversos 'Seres' capazes de assumirem formas masculinas e femininas. O cómico também contém várias personagens LGB e é atualizado três vezes por semana.
    * A novela de Mia Siegert ''Somebody Told Me'' tem ume protagonista bigénero que usa ambos os nomes Alexis e/ou Aleks.<ref name="Lerner">{{Cite web |title=A Book Trailer, Podcast, and Mia Siegert's Playlist for Somebody Told Me |author= |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |work=The Lerner Blog |date=May 2020 |access-date=5 July 2020 |url= https://lernerbooks.blog/2020/05/a-book-trailer-podcast-and-mia-siegerts-playlist-for-somebody-told-me.html}}</ref>
     
    ==Ver também==
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Androgyne|Androgine]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Demigender|Demigénero]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Intergender|Intergénero]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Genderfluid|Género-fluido]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/List of nonbinary identities|Lista de identidades não-binárias]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Multigender|Multigénero]]
    *[[Special:MyLanguage/Yinyang ren|Yinyang ren]]
     
    ===Ligações externas===
    *[http://bigender.net/ Bigender.net]  
    *[[Wikipedia:Bigender|Bigénero na Wikipedia]]  
    *[http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Bigender Bigénero na Gender Wiki]  
    *[https://www.susans.org/wiki/Bigender Susan's Place Transgender Resource Wiki: Bigénero]


    ==Referências==
    ==Referências==

    Latest revision as of 22:47, 23 June 2023

    Other languages:
    Bigender/pt

    Bigénero, ou bi-género, é uma identidade de género englobada pelos termos guarda-chuva multigénero, não-binárie, e transgénero. Pessoas bigénero têm duas identidades de género distintas, ou ao mesmo tempo, ou em períodos de tempo diferentes. A definição posterior é um tipo de género-fluido e pode envolver apenas dois géneros distintos ou "tons de cinza entre os dois."[1] Os dois géneros de uma pessoa bigénero podem ser os dois géneros binários, mulher e homem. Isto é o que as pessoas normalmente assumem que bigénero significa. Porém, algumas pessoas que se identificam como bigénero podem ter um par de géneros diferente. Por exemplo, os seus dois géneros podem ser mulher e neutrois. Ou os dois géneros podem ser ambos não-binários, tal como agénero e aporagénero. A identidade bigénero é reconhecida pela Associação Americana de Psicologia (AAP) como uma subcategoria de transgénero.[2]

    História

    In the 1980s, a trans organization called the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute defined "bigenderist" as a type of androgyne, with the latter being defined as "a person who can comfortably express either alternative gender role in a variety of socially acceptable environments."[3][4]

    In 1992, Donna Mobley wrote in The Femme Mirror magazine:

    « I'm neither a man pretending to be a woman nor a woman pretending to be a man. I'm dual-gendered and happily so. Don and Donna coexist and together they make up who and all that I truly am. To lose either part would leave me empty, since neither can exist without the other.[5] »

    A trans man named Gary Bowen defined "bigendered" as "having two genders, exihibiting[sic] cultural characteristics of male and female roles" in his 1995 Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women".[6]

    Em 1997, um artigo sobre o "continuum do género" no Jornal Internacional do Transgenerismo constatou que "uma pessoa que se sente ou age como ambos uma mulher e um homem poderá identificar-se como bigénero." O artigo também descreveu indivíduos que eram "géneromisto" (genderblended em inglês), sendo ambos os géneros binários mas ou "mais homem que mulher" ou "mais mulher que homem".[7]

    Um inquérito dirigido em 1999 pelo Departamento de Saúde Pública de São Francisco verificou que, dentro da comunidade transgénero, menos de 3% dos participantes que foram designados homens ao nascimento e menos de 8% dos que foram designados mulheres ao nascimento se identificavam como bigénero.[8]

    Numa enciclopédia de 2010, bigénero é listado como um tipo de "género andrógino": "Identidades andróginas incluem pangénero, bigénero, ambigénero, sem género, agénero, género-fluido, ou intergénero."[9]

    Em 2012, Case e Ramachandran elaboraram um relatório sobre os resultados de um inquérito a pessoas género fluido que se referiam a si mesmas como bigénero e experienciavam uma alternância involuntária entre estados femininos e masculinos. Case e Ramachandran deram a esta condição o nome "Incongruência de género alternante (IGA)." Case e Ramachandran criaram a hipótese de a alternância de género poder refletir um grau atípico (ou profundidade) de alternâncias hemisféricas, e uma correspondente supressão de mapas corporais apropriados no lobo parietal. Eles declararam "nós levantamos a hipótese de que a monitorização do ciclo nasal, índice de rivalidade binocular, e outros indicadores de alternâncias hemisféricas irá revelar uma base fisiológica para os relatos subjetivos da alternância de género dos indivíduos com IGA... Baseamos a nossa hipótese em associações ancestrais e modernas entre os hemisférios esquerdo e direito e os géneros masculino e feminino."[10][11][12] Estes doutores acreditam que quando pessoas bigénero sentem uma mudança entre as suas identidades de género, tal poderá ter a ver com uma mudança em como elas usam partes dos seus cérebros. A mudança de género poderá também estar relacionada com um dos ciclos que todos os humanos possuem no seu corpo, especificamente, uma válvula no nariz que troca de lado a cada dois dias (o ciclo nasal). Isto é apenas uma hipótese, constituindo uma ideia interessante que não está provada.

    Em 2014, bigénero foi um dos 56 géneros disponibilizados aos usuários do Facebook.[13]

    In July of 2014, two bigender pride flag designs by Tumblr user no-bucks-for-this-doe were posted on the blog "pridearchive".[14] The first flag has seven horizontal stripes: two shades of pink on the top, followed by a lavender stripe, white middle stripe, another lavender stripe, and two shades of blue on the bottom. The second flag is the same except that the middle stripe is a gradient of white-to-grey. The color meanings were given thusly:

    « The quote text is missing. »

    In later years, many alternate bigender pride flags were created after allegations that no-bucks-for-this-doe, aka Sunny, was transphobic and predatory.[15][16][17] In April 2022, a tumblr user claiming to be Sunny posted that the allegations against them were "more or less true" and also wrote that "I don't like the idea of my flag being used widely because it reminds me of the person I used to be. But it isn't up to me. Flags belong to the community as a whole, not the creator. Regardless I'm glad it seems to be phasing out."[18]

    Em 2015, um significado para a palavra "bigénero" foi adicionado a Dictionary.com,[19] definindo-a como "uma pessoa que tem duas identidades de género ou uma combinação de duas."[20]

    Em 2017, bigénero foi um dos 37 géneros adicionados ao aplicativo de relacionamentos online Tinder.[21]

    Expressão de género

    Pessoas bigénero "alternam entre comportamentos femininos e masculinos dependendo do contexto. Alguns indivíduos bigénero expressam uma persona nitidamente ‘en femme’ e uma persona nitidamente ‘en homme’ [...] outros têm tons de cinza entre as duas.[22]

    Pessoas bigénero notáveis

    Canadian sci-fi writer A.M. Dellamonica, who describes themself as "bigendered".
    Ukrainian author R.B. Lemberg, who describes themself as bigender.

    Ver o artigo principal: Pessoas não-binárias notáveis

    Existem muitas mais pessoas notáveis que têm uma identidade de género fora do sistema binário. As seguintes são apenas algumas das pessoas notáveis que usam especificamente a palavra "bigénero" ou "bi-género" para se referirem a si mesmas.

    • A música Eslovaca B-Complex (Matia ou Maťo Lenická) é DJ e produtora de música de bateria e contrabaixo. Prefere o nome Maťo quando se aparenta como homem e o nome Matia quando se aparenta como mulher.[23] O primeiro grande lançamento da artista foi "Beautiful Lies", que apareceu na compilação "Sick Music" da Hospital Records. A compilação alcançou o top 30 no iTunes UK Download Chart, e esteve no top 5 no Beatport Drum and Bass Chart.[24][25] B-Complex usa os pronomes ela/dela/-a (de acordo com a conta Soundcloud dela), e diz, "acontece que também sou uma pessoa transgénero, bi-género em particular."[26]
    • Ê escritore Ucraniane R.B. Lemberg é bigénero.[29][30] A ficção especulativa de Lemberg foi publicada nas revistas Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies e Uncanny Magazine e no livro Sisters of the Revolution.
    • Ê noveliste Mia Siegert é bigénero.[31] O livro-estreia de Siegert, "Jerkbait", obteve uma posição no Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, no Top 12 Indie YA do blogue juvenil Barnes & Noble e no Top 10 YA of 2016 do AndPop![32]

    Personagens bigénero ficcionais

    Ver o artigo principal: Géneros não-binários na ficção

    Existem muitas mais personagens ficcionais que têm um género fora do sistema binário. As seguintes são apenas algumas dessas personagens que são designadas especificamente pela palavra "bigénero", ou em canon, ou pelos seus criadores.

    • But I'm A Cat Person de Erin Ptah é um webcómico de ficção urbana contendo uma personagem bigénero - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - tal como diversos 'Seres' capazes de assumirem formas masculinas e femininas. O cómico também contém várias personagens LGB e é atualizado três vezes por semana.
    • A novela de Mia Siegert Somebody Told Me tem ume protagonista bigénero que usa ambos os nomes Alexis e/ou Aleks.[33]

    Ver também

    Ligações externas

    Referências

    1. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    2. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    3. ↑ "Brochure for the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute." Ephemera. 1980. Digital Transgender Archive, https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/8g84mm373 (accessed October 02, 2020).
    4. ↑ The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute. "Abstracts of a Symposium on Gender Issues for the 90s (Jul. 20, 1988)." Pamphlet. Digital Transgender Archive, https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/5q47rn80n (accessed October 02, 2020).
    5. ↑ Mobley, Donna (Winter 1992). "A Question of Balance". The Femme Mirror. Reprinted in a 1993 issue of TV/TS Tapestry Journal.
    6. ↑ Bowen, Gary (15 May 1995). "A Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women". FTM International. Archived from the original on 5 November 1996.
    7. ↑ Eyler, A.E.; Wright, K. (1997). "Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence". International Journal of Transgenderism.
    8. ↑ Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02
    9. ↑ Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies, page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.
    10. ↑ Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". Medical Hypotheses 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652
    11. ↑ "Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". Neuroskeptic. April 8, 2012. http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html
    12. ↑ Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html
    13. ↑ Eve Shapiro, Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age. Unpaged.
    14. ↑ "Bigender Pride". Pride Archive. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
    15. ↑ "Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent?". Symbol Sage. 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. A few years back, there were accusations flying around that the original creator of the 'official' bigender flag showed signs of being transphobic and predatory. Thus, many members of the bigender community felt uncomfortable associating with the original bigender flag. There have been many attempts across the years to conceptualize a brand-new bigender flag – one that's free from the questionable reputation of its designer.
    16. ↑ "a little note on the bigender flag". 13 October 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
    17. ↑ @SidiPopsicle (15 June 2021). "BEGGING people who add Bigender to pride tweets to research that the original flag was made by a transphobic and abusive pedo, and that there are two other popular redesigns to choose from (i personally prefer the one with the purple stripe in the middle, pictured below)!" – via Twitter.
    18. ↑ 031exuberantwitness (28 April 2022). "I'm Sunny, the creator of the old bigender flag".
    19. ↑ "New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/
    20. ↑ "Bigender." Dictionary.com. Retrieved May 18, 2015. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender
    21. ↑ Mallenbaum, Carly (15 November 2016). "What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms". USA TODAY. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
    22. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    23. ↑ Pecíková, Laura. "Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia" [B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia]. Denník N (in Slovak). Retrieved 28 March 2020.
    24. ↑ Kivex (15 June 2009). "Interview: London Elektricity & B-Complex". Broken Beats. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 2014-09-17. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
    25. ↑ "Hospital Records - B-complex". Hospital Records. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
    26. ↑ Facebook post, June 6, 2015
    27. ↑ "Press Kit – A.M. Dellamonica". alyxdellamonica.com. Retrieved 8 August 2021. Dellamonica tells people they are bigendered, bisexual and bisectional. (The latter means they sing both alto and soprano.)
    28. ↑ @AlyxDellamonica (June 15, 2016). "Bigendered, bisectional, bisexual. The middle means I sing alto and soprano. I write SF/F/H. Legally married to @kellyoyo #QueerSelfLove" – via Twitter.
    29. ↑ http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16
    30. ↑ @RB_Lemberg (July 25, 2018). "@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :) I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it! <3" – via Twitter. line feed character in |title= at position 103 (help)
    31. ↑ "Writing from a Place of Truth". Diversity in YA. Retrieved 2 May 2020. I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male.
    32. ↑ Mari (January 7, 2020). "Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert". musings of a book girl. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
    33. ↑ "A Book Trailer, Podcast, and Mia Siegert's Playlist for Somebody Told Me". The Lerner Blog. Lerner Publishing Group. May 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    Retrieved from "https://nonbinary.wiki/index.php?title=Bigender/pt&oldid=36327"