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Patriarchy oppresses and devalues all forms of womanhood and femininity, not only of cisgender women, but also of trans women, called [[transmisogyny]]. Julia Serano coined this word for her trans-feminist book, ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity'' (2007). Patriarchy sees trans women as a threat that could undermine its power and rigidity. One feature of a trans-misogynistic culture is that by far, the most kinds of hate speech and slurs used against trans people are those used specifically against trans women. Violence against and murder of trans people also, by far, most commonly targets trans women, especially trans women of colour. The [[Transgender Day of Remembrance]] gives a memorial to the many trans people who are murdered each year around the world. These are nearly all trans women of colour. | Patriarchy oppresses and devalues all forms of womanhood and femininity, not only of cisgender women, but also of trans women, called [[transmisogyny]]. Julia Serano coined this word for her trans-feminist book, ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity'' (2007). Patriarchy sees trans women as a threat that could undermine its power and rigidity. One feature of a trans-misogynistic culture is that by far, the most kinds of hate speech and slurs used against trans people are those used specifically against trans women. Violence against and murder of trans people also, by far, most commonly targets trans women, especially trans women of colour. The [[Transgender Day of Remembrance]] gives a memorial to the many trans people who are murdered each year around the world. These are nearly all trans women of colour. | ||
In the transgender community, "[[gatekeeper]]" is slang for the system of health providers that decide whether to allow a transgender person to get gender-validating health care.<ref> | In the transgender community, "[[gatekeeper]]" is slang for the system of health providers that decide whether to allow a transgender person to get gender-validating health care.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trans, Genderqueer, and Queer Terms Glossary |archive-date= 10 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210021940/https://lgbt.wisc.edu/documents/Trans_and_queer_glossary.pdf| url= http://lgbt.wisc.edu/documents/Trans_and_queer_glossary.pdf}}</ref> Medical gatekeepers, as well as the serious risks of living in trans-misogynistic culture, both put pressure on trans women to conform to society's behavioral and physical ideals for feminine cisgender women. One form of this pressure is that gatekeepers told trans women not to interact with other trans women outside of gender centers, saying that this would invalidate their womanhood. Keeping trans women isolated from one another in this way made it so that trans women couldn't organize among themselves to do activism for their own rights.<ref name="MiseryPimps">{{Cite web |title=The Misery Pimps: The People Who Impede Trans Liberation |author=fakecisgirl |work=fake cis girl |date=7 October 2013 |access-date=31 May 2021 |url= https://fakecisgirl.wordpress.com/2013/10/07/the-misery-pimps-the-people-who-impede-trans-liberation/ }}</ref> | ||
Some cultures that recognize(d) male-to-female spectrum gender roles include the Ethiopian Maale people ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#ashtime|Ashtime]]), the Madagascaran Sakalava ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#sekrata|Sekrata]]), the Lakota ([[gender-variant identities worldwide##winkte|Winkte]]), the Navajo ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Nadleehi and Dilbaa|Nadleehi]]), the Zapotec ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Muxe|Muxe]]), many south Asian countries ([[Hijra]]), Oman ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Xanith|Xanith]]), Nepal ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Metis|Metis]]), Turkey ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Köçek|Köçek]]), Italy ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Femminello|Femminello]]) Myanmar ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Acault|Acault]]), Samoa ([[Fa'afafine]]), Maori ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Whakawahine and Wakatane|Whakawahine]]), much of ancient Europe ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Gallae|Gallae]]), and [[gender-variant identities worldwide|many others]]. Historically, these male-to-female spectrum roles have been made of some people who were analogous to modern, Western ideas of trans women, as well as some people who are not so analogous to that, such as feminine gay men, or nonbinary people who were AMAB. | Some cultures that recognize(d) male-to-female spectrum gender roles include the Ethiopian Maale people ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#ashtime|Ashtime]]), the Madagascaran Sakalava ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#sekrata|Sekrata]]), the Lakota ([[gender-variant identities worldwide##winkte|Winkte]]), the Navajo ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Nadleehi and Dilbaa|Nadleehi]]), the Zapotec ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Muxe|Muxe]]), many south Asian countries ([[Hijra]]), Oman ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Xanith|Xanith]]), Nepal ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Metis|Metis]]), Turkey ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Köçek|Köçek]]), Italy ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Femminello|Femminello]]) Myanmar ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Acault|Acault]]), Samoa ([[Fa'afafine]]), Maori ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Whakawahine and Wakatane|Whakawahine]]), much of ancient Europe ([[gender-variant identities worldwide#Gallae|Gallae]]), and [[gender-variant identities worldwide|many others]]. Historically, these male-to-female spectrum roles have been made of some people who were analogous to modern, Western ideas of trans women, as well as some people who are not so analogous to that, such as feminine gay men, or nonbinary people who were AMAB. | ||