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Bissu: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Bissu flag.webp|thumb|The Bissu [[pride flags|flag]], consisting of a red background and a horizontally aligned diamond with a yellow side and a white side.]] | [[File:Bissu flag.webp|thumb|The Bissu [[pride flags|flag]], consisting of a red background and a horizontally aligned diamond with a yellow side and a white side.]] | ||
'''Bissu,''' a [[metagender]] originating from the Bugis society in Indonesia, is described as a gender that "embodies the totality of masculinity and femininity" and is considered to be "a combination of all genders." It is one of the five genders that the Bugis recognize and is said to play a spiritual role in Bissu culture, said to "bridge the worldly and the divine." Many Bissu are [[intersex]], but not all are. Among the Bissu, four other genders exist in Bugis society. The "''makkunrai'' ("female women"), ''oroani'' ("male men"), ''calalai'' ("female men"), and the ''calabai'' ("male women")." | '''Bissu,''' a [[metagender]] originating from the Bugis society in Indonesia, is described as a gender that "embodies the totality of masculinity and femininity" and is considered to be "a combination of all genders." It is one of the five genders that the Bugis recognize and is said to play a spiritual role in Bissu culture, said to "bridge the worldly and the divine." Many Bissu are [[intersex]], but not all are. Among the Bissu, four other genders exist in Bugis society. The "''makkunrai'' ("female women"), ''oroani'' ("male men"), ''calalai'' ("female men"), and the ''calabai'' ("male women")." The Bugis culture believes that all five genders must coexist in harmony. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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In modern Bugis socierty, the Bissu still perform blessings and ritual ceremonies in all parts of Bugis life, holding a respected role as priests in their communities. Calalai and calabai can also be called Bissu in some cases and perform blessings and ceremonies. | In modern Bugis socierty, the Bissu still perform blessings and ritual ceremonies in all parts of Bugis life, holding a respected role as priests in their communities. Calalai and calabai can also be called Bissu in some cases and perform blessings and ceremonies. | ||
== See also == | |||
* [[Transgender]] | |||
* [[Metagender]] | |||
* [[Third gender]] | |||
* ''[[Māhū]]'' | |||
* [[Fakafifine]] | |||
* [[Faʻafafine]] | |||
* [[Bakla]] | |||
* [[Androgyne]] | |||
== References == | |||
# https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2016-06-17/what-we-can-learn-from-an-indonesian-ethnicity-that-recognizes-5-genders | |||
# https://www.britannica.com/list/6-cultures-that-recognize-more-than-two-genders | |||
# [[wikipedia:Gender_in_Bugis_society#See_also|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society#Bissu]] | |||
# https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/in-indonesia-nonbinary-gender-is-a-centuriesold-idea | |||
# [https://web.archive.org/web/https://slashqueer.com/the-bugis-of-indonesia-english-dubbed-transcript "The Bugis of Indonesia ENGLISH DUBBED- Transcript"] . /Queer. | |||
# Leonardo Pegoraro. (29 May 2019) Notes from South Sulawesi: Gender diversity in Bugis society. https://web.archive.org/web/https://pair.australiaindonesiacentre.org/news/notes-from-south-sulawesi-gender-diversity-in-bugis-society/ | |||
# https://web.archive.org/web/https://en.tempo.co/read/923514/saving-sulawesis-nearly-extinct-bissu-community | |||
# https://web.archive.org/web/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570 | |||