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Gender neutral language in German: Difference between revisions
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=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
''See main article at [[Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns]].'' | ''See main article at [[Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns]].'' | ||
====== dey ====== | |||
Suggested by Riley Alexis in August 2016,<ref>Riley Alexis (2024): ''agenderbee.'' Online at:https://www.instagram.com/p/CZgOS9VqGWH/?igsh=MWs1eDVtYjRxMm9weA== (retrieved 21.03.2024).</ref> the "dey"-pronoun seems to be the most widespread nowadays. German translation of ''Starfield'' vom Bethesda Games Studios uses 'dey'/'demm' pronouns to refer to nonbinary protagonists. Some German speaking influencers use them as their pronouns (cf. @kai.isaiah_jamal) and so do other numerous Instagram users (i. e. search for the key words 'dey/dem' in the Instagram search engine). As for series, ''Star Treck Discovery'' uses 'dey' pronouns for their nonbinary/genderless characters.<ref name=":2">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Darunter und darüber — "they" Pronomen in Filmen/Serien Deutsch übersetzen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/darunterdarueber/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> | |||
====== sier ====== | |||
Ravna Marin Siever, author of the book ''Was wird es denn? Ein Kind! Wie geschlechtsoffene Erziehung gelingt'', uses pronouns from the sier-paradigm for people to refer to them. Several books use 'sier' pronouns.<ref name=":4">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''DiverserLesen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/diverserlesen/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> | |||
====== xier ====== | |||
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind'' — hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide — that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
====== hen ====== | |||
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>, instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" /> | |||
====== en ====== | |||
An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | |||
For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Personal pronouns: dominant usage | |+Personal pronouns: dominant usage | ||
!Paradigm | !Paradigm | ||
!'dey/dej'<ref>Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | !'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref>Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref>Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref>zweisatz (2011): ''HIGH ON CLICHÉS''. ''Glossar''. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''hän/sim''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/h%C3%A4n?erweitert (retrieved 02.09.2024).</ref> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10">zweisatz (2011): ''HIGH ON CLICHÉS''. ''Glossar''. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":11">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hän/sim''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/h%C3%A4n?erweitert (retrieved 02.09.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" |NoNa-System<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''hen/hem''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Moro, Jona/Frank, Noah (2024): ''Das NoNa-System. geschlechtsneutrale deutsche Grammatik''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutralesdeutsch.com/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hen/hem''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":13">Moro, Jona/Frank, Noah (2024): ''Das NoNa-System. geschlechtsneutrale deutsche Grammatik''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutralesdeutsch.com/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0">Dominik Jahre (2018): ''Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus''. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0">Dominik Jahre (2018): ''Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus''. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''prosodical features''' | !'''prosodical features''' | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Personal pronouns: peripheral usage | |+Personal pronouns: peripheral usage | ||
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|ikser | |ikser | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Possessive adjectives | |||
!Paradigm | |||
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" /> | |||
! colspan="3" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" /> | |||
|- | |||
!Possession's gender | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
!masc. | |||
!fem. | |||
!incl. | |||
|- | |||
!'''Nominative''' | |||
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |deren | |||
|sies | |||
|siese | |||
|siesa | |||
|xies | |||
|xiese | |||
|xiesa | |||
|sir | |||
|sire | |||
| - | |||
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |hens | |||
|hens | |||
|hense | |||
|henseo | |||
|ens | |||
|ense | |||
|ens | |||
|- | |||
!'''Accusative''' | |||
|siesen | |||
|siese | |||
|siesan | |||
|xiesen | |||
|xiese | |||
|xiesan | |||
|siren | |||
|sire | |||
| - | |||
|hensen | |||
|hense | |||
|henseo | |||
|ensen | |||
|ense | |||
|ens | |||
|- | |||
!'''Dative''' | |||
|siesem | |||
|sieser | |||
|siesam | |||
|xiesem | |||
|xieser | |||
|xiesam | |||
|sirem | |||
|sirer | |||
| - | |||
|hensem | |||
|henser | |||
|hensero | |||
|ensem | |||
|enser | |||
|enserm | |||
|- | |||
!'''Genitive''' | |||
|sieses | |||
|sieser | |||
|siesas | |||
|xieses | |||
|xieser | |||
|xiesas | |||
|sires | |||
|sirer | |||
| - | |||
|henses | |||
|henser | |||
|hensero | |||
|enses | |||
|enser | |||
|ensers | |||
|} | |||
For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table. | |||
=== Titles === | === Titles === | ||