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English neutral pronouns: Difference between revisions
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# Fae/faer (4.3%) | # Fae/faer (4.3%) | ||
Data provided by the 2019 Gender Census. | Data provided by the 2019 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''English neutral pronouns''' are useful not only when writing documents that need to use inclusive language, but also for any [[nonbinary]] people who prefer not to have their pronouns imply that they are female or male. As shown in surveys, many nonbinary people are okay with being called "he" or "she," but there are also many nonbinary people who don't want to be called either of these. The surveys show that the most popular gender-neutral pronoun for nonbinary people is [[singular they]], but nearly as many prefer or accept some other neutral pronoun. See examples of this in [[Pronouns#Examples_of_specific_nonbinary_people.27s_pronouns|pronouns in use for nonbinary people]]. | '''English neutral pronouns''' are useful not only when writing documents that need to use inclusive language, but also for any [[nonbinary]] people who prefer not to have their pronouns imply that they are female or male. As shown in surveys, many nonbinary people are okay with being called "he" or "she," but there are also many nonbinary people who don't want to be called either of these. The surveys show that the most popular gender-neutral pronoun for nonbinary people is [[singular they]], but nearly as many prefer or accept some other neutral pronoun. See examples of this in [[Pronouns#Examples_of_specific_nonbinary_people.27s_pronouns|pronouns in use for nonbinary people]]. | ||
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'''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> | '''Use in fiction:''' In K. A. Cook's short story "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes," in ''Crooked Words,'' most of the story involves the narrator Ben moving from one set of pronouns to another for Chris as he tries to figure out Chris's gender. When the narrator is trying to determine whether Chris is male or female, Ben alternates between thinking of Chris as he or she. Upon recognizing that Chris identifies as nonbinary, the narrator begins using [[English neutral pronouns#Ze|ze]] pronouns for Chris. Then, Ben finally finds a good moment to ask for Chris's pronoun preference.<ref>K. A. Cook, "Blue Paint, Chocolate and Other Similes." ''Crooked Words.'' Unpaged.</ref> | ||
'''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices. | '''Use by people:''' In the 2018 Gender Census, 13.8% of respondents chose "mix it up" both alone and in addition to other pronoun choices.{{Gender Census|2018}} Nonbinary artist and activist [[Sasha Alexander]] uses alternating "she/they/he" pronouns,<ref>{{cite tweet|user=BlackTransMedia|number=1163607100053950464|title=What a #blacktranseverything thread thank you sis[...] I don't post photos of myself here yall inspire(d) me so here I go.. I'm sasha founder/one of the co-directors of black trans media, I use she/they/he pronouns + insist that you mix it up or use my name #blacktransloveiswealth|date=19 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="Wicker">{{Cite web |title=TRANS POET SASHA - SHE, HE, THEY |last=Wicker |first=Randolfe |work=YouTube |date=9 March 2015 |access-date=27 April 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121100124/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eh6ZNtw1sM&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=21 November 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> as does author [[Pat Schmatz]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|date=30 June 2019|access-date=25 May 2020|title=Gender Stories: Writing non-binary|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719114721/https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gender-stories/id1353717550?i=1000414998640|archive-date=19 July 2023|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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* In 1996, 10 out of 1015 users on MediaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making these the second most popular nonbinary pronoun.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref> | * In 1996, 10 out of 1015 users on MediaMOO went by spivak pronouns, making these the second most popular nonbinary pronoun.<ref>Steve Jones, ''Cybersociety 2.0: Revisiting Computer-Mediated Community and Technology.'' p. 141.</ref> | ||
* The comic artist [[Maia Kobabe]] and the author [[Bogi Takács|Bogi "prezzey" Takács]] go by spivak pronouns.<ref>[https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Bogi Takács' biography on Smashwords], captured March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210712062514/https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | * The comic artist [[Maia Kobabe]] and the author [[Bogi Takács|Bogi "prezzey" Takács]] go by spivak pronouns.<ref>[https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Bogi Takács' biography on Smashwords], captured March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210712062514/https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bogitakacs Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 5.2% of participants were happy for people to use Spivak pronouns when referring to them. | * In the 2019 Gender Census, 5.2% of participants were happy for people to use Spivak pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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'''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' | '''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' | ||
* The Elverson pronouns were used by Eric Klein in the ''Laws of Oceania'', 1993, to be gender-inclusive in a nonfictional micronation. Sometimes this pronoun set is mistakenly called "[[English neutral pronouns#E|spivak pronouns]]," which differ only in the nominative form. | * The Elverson pronouns were used by Eric Klein in the ''Laws of Oceania'', 1993, to be gender-inclusive in a nonfictional micronation. Sometimes this pronoun set is mistakenly called "[[English neutral pronouns#E|spivak pronouns]]," which differ only in the nominative form. | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census, about 0.1% of participants were happy for people to use Elverson pronouns when referring to them. | * In the 2019 Gender Census, about 0.1% of participants were happy for people to use Elverson pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Use in fiction:''' | '''Use in fiction:''' | ||
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===Fae=== | ===Fae=== | ||
[[File:Fae-faer graph.png|300px|thumb|right|Graph illustrating views on whether fae/faer pronouns are okay for cultural outsiders to use.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>]]'''fae, faer, faer, faers, faerself'''. A fairy (faery, faerie, fey or Fair Folk) themed set created no later than 2013.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking">{{Cite web|url=https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|title=On fae/faer pronouns and cultural appropriation|date=2021-02-20|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Gender Census Tumblr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109021257/https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This was the most commonly used [[nounself pronouns|nounself pronoun]] set in 2021. | [[File:Fae-faer graph.png|300px|thumb|right|Graph illustrating views on whether fae/faer pronouns are okay for cultural outsiders to use.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking"></ref>]]'''fae, faer, faer, faers, faerself'''. A fairy (faery, faerie, fey or Fair Folk) themed set created no later than 2013.<ref name="fae appropriation debunking">{{Cite web|url=https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|title=On fae/faer pronouns and cultural appropriation|date=2021-02-20|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Gender Census Tumblr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109021257/https://gendercensus.tumblr.com/post/643657043304153088/on-faefaer-pronouns-and-cultural-appropriation|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This was the most commonly used [[nounself pronouns|nounself pronoun]] set in 2021.{{Gender Census|2021}} | ||
'''Variations:''' | '''Variations:''' | ||
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'''Usage:''' | '''Usage:''' | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.3% of participants were happy for people to use ''fae'' pronouns when referring to them | * In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.3% of participants were happy for people to use ''fae'' pronouns when referring to them{{Gender Census|2019}}. "Fae" was the only nounself pronoun with a comparable level of popularity in that survey.<!-- Comparable with what? --Cassolotl, 2021-02-20 --> | ||
Forms: | Forms: | ||
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'''Usage:''' | '''Usage:''' | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census survey, 30.8% of participants were happy for people to use ''he'' pronouns when referring to them. | * In the 2019 Gender Census survey, 30.8% of participants were happy for people to use ''he'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
===He or she=== | ===He or she=== | ||
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'''he or she, him or her, his or her, his or hers, himself or herself'''. These are very commonly used as gender-neutral pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. Although grammatically acceptable, and a step more inclusive than only using "he" in these contexts, its length soon makes it cumbersome.<ref>{{cite web|title=GNP Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)|url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050205052157/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-date=5 February 2005}}</ref> It almost always puts the "male" pronoun before the "female" pronoun, which is a little less than equality. (Similar efforts at inclusive language almost always end up with this same male-first ordering: "the habit of always saying 'male and female,' 'husbands and wives,' 'men and women' revealed an unquestioned priority," as pointed out by Casey Miller and Kate Swift in ''Words and Women'' (1976),<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page x.</ref> a book on sexism in language and feminist efforts for inclusive language.) "He or she" also gives the impression of including binary genders, while excluding the possibility of other genders. | '''he or she, him or her, his or her, his or hers, himself or herself'''. These are very commonly used as gender-neutral pronouns for unspecified persons, such as in instructions and legal documents. Although grammatically acceptable, and a step more inclusive than only using "he" in these contexts, its length soon makes it cumbersome.<ref>{{cite web|title=GNP Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)|url=http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050205052157/http://www.aetherlumina.com/gnp/faq.html|archive-date=5 February 2005}}</ref> It almost always puts the "male" pronoun before the "female" pronoun, which is a little less than equality. (Similar efforts at inclusive language almost always end up with this same male-first ordering: "the habit of always saying 'male and female,' 'husbands and wives,' 'men and women' revealed an unquestioned priority," as pointed out by Casey Miller and Kate Swift in ''Words and Women'' (1976),<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page x.</ref> a book on sexism in language and feminist efforts for inclusive language.) "He or she" also gives the impression of including binary genders, while excluding the possibility of other genders. | ||
'''Use by nonbinary people:''' Interestingly enough, although "he or she" may be the most popularly used inclusive pronoun set (along with "they"), and therefore may seem an obvious choice for nonbinary people, this set doesn't seem to be popularly used by nonbinary people. However, this may be an artifact of the way the surveys were taken. The 2018 Gender Census found 13.8% of the respondents asked people to "mix up" their pronouns ([[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]). | '''Use by nonbinary people:''' Interestingly enough, although "he or she" may be the most popularly used inclusive pronoun set (along with "they"), and therefore may seem an obvious choice for nonbinary people, this set doesn't seem to be popularly used by nonbinary people. However, this may be an artifact of the way the surveys were taken. The 2018 Gender Census found 13.8% of the respondents asked people to "mix up" their pronouns ([[English neutral pronouns#Alternating pronouns|alternating pronouns]]).{{Gender Census|2018}} A 2012 survey found 20 respondents who wished to be called both "he" and "she."<ref>anlamasanda, "Results of pronoun survey." January 1, 2012. http://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519033850/https://anlamasanda.tumblr.com/post/15140114246 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> It may be the case that people who prefer to be called "he or she" simply entered their preference into the surveys in a slightly different format. It may also be the case that it's virtually unheard-of for nonbinary people to feel that "he or she" represents them. Either way, its absence in these surveys is intriguing and may need to be addressed more specifically in future surveys. | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | '''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | ||
In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.4% of the participants were happy for people to use ''it'' pronouns when referring to them. | In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.4% of the participants were happy for people to use ''it'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} Notable nonbinary people who accept being called by ''it'' pronouns include the Venezuelan singer [[Arca]] (b. 1989).<ref name="Fallon">{{Cite web |title=Arca Is the Artist of the Decade |last=Fallon |first=Patric |work=Vice |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=30 June 2020 |url= https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329092248/http://www.vice.com/en_us/article/evj9k4/arca-is-the-artist-of-the-decade |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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====Ne (nem)==== | ====Ne (nem)==== | ||
'''ne, nem, nir, nirs, nemself'''. In the 2019 Gender Census, 27 participants (0.2%) entered the set of pronouns ''ne/nem/nir/nirs/nemself''. | '''ne, nem, nir, nirs, nemself'''. In the 2019 Gender Census, 27 participants (0.2%) entered the set of pronouns ''ne/nem/nir/nirs/nemself''.{{Gender Census|2019}} <!-- In ''[http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com Spectra]'', a science fiction comic by Cori Walters, characters with nonbinary genders are called by these pronouns. Walters uses this pronoun for one of the three gender roles in a species that has only one sex, and all people voluntarily choose their gender roles. The comic started in 2013 and is still in progress.<ref>''Spectra.'' [http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com http://spectracomic.smackjeeves.com/]</ref> --> | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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'''In use for real nonbinary people:''' | '''In use for real nonbinary people:''' | ||
In the 2018 Gender Census, 10.1% of participants were happy for people to avoid using pronouns when referring to them. | In the 2018 Gender Census, 10.1% of participants were happy for people to avoid using pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}} | ||
===One=== | ===One=== | ||
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'''Usage:''' | '''Usage:''' | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census, only 8 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''one'' when referring to them. | * In the 2019 Gender Census, only 8 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''one'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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'''Use in fiction:''' In Marge Piercy's feminist novel, ''Woman on the Edge of Time,'' 1976, Piercy used "per" pronouns for all citizens of a utopian future in which gender was no longer seen as a big difference between people.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref> | '''Use in fiction:''' In Marge Piercy's feminist novel, ''Woman on the Edge of Time,'' 1976, Piercy used "per" pronouns for all citizens of a utopian future in which gender was no longer seen as a big difference between people.<ref name="aetherluminarefs"></ref> | ||
'''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' Person pronouns were one of the sets of pronouns built into MediaMOO for users to choose from.<ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Richard Ekins and Dave King used these pronouns in the book ''The Transgender Phenomenon'' (2006).<ref>Richard Ekins and Dave King. ''The Transgender Phenomenon.'' Sage Publications, 2006.</ref> Activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] uses these pronouns for perself. In the 2019 Gender Census, only 6 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''per'' when referring to them. | '''Use in real life and non-fiction:''' Person pronouns were one of the sets of pronouns built into MediaMOO for users to choose from.<ref>Laura Borràs Castanyer, ed. ''Textualidades electrónicas: Nuevos escenarios para la literatura.'' p. 158.</ref> Richard Ekins and Dave King used these pronouns in the book ''The Transgender Phenomenon'' (2006).<ref>Richard Ekins and Dave King. ''The Transgender Phenomenon.'' Sage Publications, 2006.</ref> Activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] uses these pronouns for perself. In the 2019 Gender Census, only 6 (0.1%) participants were happy for people to use the pronoun ''per'' when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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* Cartoonist [[Rebecca Sugar]] [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar explained] that in her animated science fiction series, ''Steven Universe,'' the alien people called Gems really have no sex or gender, even though they all look like women. For this reason, the Gems are only arbitrarily called by "she" pronouns. Sugar said, "Technically, there are no female Gems! There are only Gems! [...] Why not look like human females? That's just what Gems happen to look like! [...] There's a 50 50 chance to use some pronoun on Earth, so why not feminine ones-- it's as convenient as it is arbitrary!"<ref>Rebecca Sugar. ''Reddit.'' [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211126031722/https://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is a gender-neutral use of "she" pronouns. | * Cartoonist [[Rebecca Sugar]] [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar explained] that in her animated science fiction series, ''Steven Universe,'' the alien people called Gems really have no sex or gender, even though they all look like women. For this reason, the Gems are only arbitrarily called by "she" pronouns. Sugar said, "Technically, there are no female Gems! There are only Gems! [...] Why not look like human females? That's just what Gems happen to look like! [...] There's a 50 50 chance to use some pronoun on Earth, so why not feminine ones-- it's as convenient as it is arbitrary!"<ref>Rebecca Sugar. ''Reddit.'' [http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar http://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar] [https://web.archive.org/web/20211126031722/https://www.reddit.com/user/RebeccaSugar Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> This is a gender-neutral use of "she" pronouns. | ||
'''Use by real nonbinary people:''' There are nonbinary people who ask people to use "she" pronouns for them, such as singer-songwriter [[Elly Jackson]]{{citation needed}}, musician [[JD Samson]], American comedian, writer, and nurse [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="story">{{Cite web |title=THE STORY |author= |work=kellidunham.com |date= |access-date=24 July 2020 |url= http://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231523/https://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> British musician [[Du Blonde]],<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Sept 27, 2019 instagram post] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519214921/https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> poet [[jayy dodd]],<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite web |title=Interview with jayy dodd, author of Mannish Tongues |last=Kelly |first=Devin |work=entropymag.org |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |url= https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208042908/https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Instagram">[https://www.instagram.com/jxzz_hndz/ Instagram bio], retrieved May 15 2020</ref> author and public speaker [[Olave Basabose]],<ref name="Basabose2019">[https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ This is your annually scheduled PSA: My pronouns are she/her/hers.], July 22, 2019 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513034505/https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> actor [[Cara Delevingne]], activist [[Chao Xiaomi]],<ref name="FangLuu">{{Cite web |title=Chao Xiaomi leads China's fight for transgender rights |last1=Fang |first1=Nanlin |last2=Luu |first2=Chieu |work=CNN |date= |access-date=30 May 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121045310/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> and rapper [[Angel Haze]].<ref name="tweet2018" /> In the 2018 Gender Census, 29% of participants were happy for people to use ''she'' pronouns when referring to them. | '''Use by real nonbinary people:''' There are nonbinary people who ask people to use "she" pronouns for them, such as singer-songwriter [[Elly Jackson]]{{citation needed}}, musician [[JD Samson]], American comedian, writer, and nurse [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="story">{{Cite web |title=THE STORY |author= |work=kellidunham.com |date= |access-date=24 July 2020 |url= http://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314231523/https://www.kellidunham.com/the-story/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> British musician [[Du Blonde]],<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Sept 27, 2019 instagram post] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519214921/https://www.instagram.com/p/B26o9pvHwMk/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> poet [[jayy dodd]],<ref name="Kelly">{{Cite web |title=Interview with jayy dodd, author of Mannish Tongues |last=Kelly |first=Devin |work=entropymag.org |date=January 23, 2017 |access-date=May 15, 2020 |url= https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208042908/https://entropymag.org/interview-with-jayy-dodd-author-of-mannish-tongues/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Instagram">[https://www.instagram.com/jxzz_hndz/ Instagram bio], retrieved May 15 2020</ref> author and public speaker [[Olave Basabose]],<ref name="Basabose2019">[https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ This is your annually scheduled PSA: My pronouns are she/her/hers.], July 22, 2019 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513034505/https://www.facebook.com/OlaveTalks/videos/489898301767964/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> actor [[Cara Delevingne]], activist [[Chao Xiaomi]],<ref name="FangLuu">{{Cite web |title=Chao Xiaomi leads China's fight for transgender rights |last1=Fang |first1=Nanlin |last2=Luu |first2=Chieu |work=CNN |date= |access-date=30 May 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121045310/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/china-transgender-activist/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> and rapper [[Angel Haze]].<ref name="tweet2018" /> In the 2018 Gender Census, 29% of participants were happy for people to use ''she'' pronouns when referring to them.{{Gender Census|2018}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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===S/he=== | ===S/he=== | ||
'''s/he (sHe), hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. A set of English gender-neutral pronouns used in books by Timothy Leary in the 1970s, and then by counterculture writers influenced by Leary. For example, in Robert Anton Wilson's book ''Prometheus Rising'' (first published in 1983), which is strongly based on Leary's writings about consciousness, Wilson uses SHe [sic] pronouns to include humans of any kind, as short for "she or he."<ref>Robert Anton Wilson, ''Prometheus Rising.'' Second edition. Grand Junction, Colorado: Hilaritas Press, 2016. Page 55.</ref> It was used in non-fiction writings about spirituality by the Elf Queen's Daughters and the Silver Elves from the 1970s to the present 2010s. It was also used in fiction in Peter David's ''Star Trek'' books. Sometimes with mixed caps, as shown. This pronoun was not entered in the 2018 Gender Census. | '''s/he (sHe), hir, hir, hirs, hirself'''. A set of English gender-neutral pronouns used in books by Timothy Leary in the 1970s, and then by counterculture writers influenced by Leary. For example, in Robert Anton Wilson's book ''Prometheus Rising'' (first published in 1983), which is strongly based on Leary's writings about consciousness, Wilson uses SHe [sic] pronouns to include humans of any kind, as short for "she or he."<ref>Robert Anton Wilson, ''Prometheus Rising.'' Second edition. Grand Junction, Colorado: Hilaritas Press, 2016. Page 55.</ref> It was used in non-fiction writings about spirituality by the Elf Queen's Daughters and the Silver Elves from the 1970s to the present 2010s. It was also used in fiction in Peter David's ''Star Trek'' books. Sometimes with mixed caps, as shown. This pronoun was not entered in the 2018 Gender Census.{{Gender Census|2018}} However, notable nonbinary people who have asked to be called by s/he pronouns include revolutionary communist [[Leslie Feinberg]]. In hir book ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue,'' Feinberg wrote, | ||
<blockquote>"I asked Beacon Press to use ''s/he'' [sic] in the author description of me on the cover of ''Transgender Warriors'' [another book by Feinberg]. That pronoun is a contribution from the women's liberation movement. Prior to that struggle, the pronoun 'he' was almost universally used to describe humankind-- 'mankind.' So ''s/he''' opened up the pronoun to include 'womankind.' I used ''s/he'' on my book jacket because it is recognizable as a gender-neutral pronoun to people. But I personally prefer the pronoun ''ze'' because, for me, it melds mankind and womankind into humankind."<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue.'' Page 71.</ref></blockquote> | <blockquote>"I asked Beacon Press to use ''s/he'' [sic] in the author description of me on the cover of ''Transgender Warriors'' [another book by Feinberg]. That pronoun is a contribution from the women's liberation movement. Prior to that struggle, the pronoun 'he' was almost universally used to describe humankind-- 'mankind.' So ''s/he''' opened up the pronoun to include 'womankind.' I used ''s/he'' on my book jacket because it is recognizable as a gender-neutral pronoun to people. But I personally prefer the pronoun ''ze'' because, for me, it melds mankind and womankind into humankind."<ref>Leslie Feinberg, ''Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue.'' Page 71.</ref></blockquote> | ||
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'''thon, thon, thons, thon's, thonself'''. American composer Charles Crozat Converse of Erie, Pennsylvania proposed this pronoun in 1858, based on a contraction of "that one."<ref name="barge viewpoints">{{cite journal|first=Fred|last=Barge|title=Viewpoints from involvement -- 'thon'|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic.|date= August 14, 1992|url= http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520022408/https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ gives this pronoun's date of origin as 1884 instead,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> while ''Words and Women'' gives 1859.<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page 130.</ref> The "thon" pronoun was included in some dictionaries: Webster's International Dictionary (1910), and Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1913), and Webster's Second International (1959). Funk & Wagnalls offered these sentences to show how it should be used: "If Harry or his wife comes, I will be on hand to greet thon," and "Each pupil must learn thon's lesson." "Thon" was used throughout the writings by the founders of chiropractic, B.J. and D.D. Palmer, in 1910.<ref name="barge viewpoints" /> "Thon" is therefore familiar to chiropractors, and sometimes still appears in chiropractic writings, and in works by people who were influenced by that field. | '''thon, thon, thons, thon's, thonself'''. American composer Charles Crozat Converse of Erie, Pennsylvania proposed this pronoun in 1858, based on a contraction of "that one."<ref name="barge viewpoints">{{cite journal|first=Fred|last=Barge|title=Viewpoints from involvement -- 'thon'|journal=Dynamic Chiropractic.|date= August 14, 1992|url= http://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520022408/https://www.dynamicchiropractic.com/mpacms/dc/article.php?id=43422|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> The Gender-Neutral Pronoun FAQ gives this pronoun's date of origin as 1884 instead,<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref> while ''Words and Women'' gives 1859.<ref>Casey Miller and Kate Swift, ''Words and Women.'' Page 130.</ref> The "thon" pronoun was included in some dictionaries: Webster's International Dictionary (1910), and Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary (1913), and Webster's Second International (1959). Funk & Wagnalls offered these sentences to show how it should be used: "If Harry or his wife comes, I will be on hand to greet thon," and "Each pupil must learn thon's lesson." "Thon" was used throughout the writings by the founders of chiropractic, B.J. and D.D. Palmer, in 1910.<ref name="barge viewpoints" /> "Thon" is therefore familiar to chiropractors, and sometimes still appears in chiropractic writings, and in works by people who were influenced by that field. | ||
'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' In the 2019 Gender Census, 18 (0.2%) people said that they were happy for people to use ''thon'' to refer to them. | '''Use for real nonbinary people:''' In the 2019 Gender Census, 18 (0.2%) people said that they were happy for people to use ''thon'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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===Ve=== | ===Ve=== | ||
There are several sets of pronouns that use "ve" in the nominative form, the earliest of which was created in 1970.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28036096 (Everywoman, Vol 1, Issue 1, May 8, 1970. Page 2, middle of left side, under the heading "Manglish".) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102034750/http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFGIFEB19700501.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2019 Gender Census, 24 participants (0.2%) used a set of pronouns starting with ''ve''. | There are several sets of pronouns that use "ve" in the nominative form, the earliest of which was created in 1970.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28036096 (Everywoman, Vol 1, Issue 1, May 8, 1970. Page 2, middle of left side, under the heading "Manglish".) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201102034750/http://voices.revealdigital.com/cgi-bin/independentvoices?a=d&d=BFGIFEB19700501.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN---------------1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2019 Gender Census, 24 participants (0.2%) used a set of pronouns starting with ''ve''.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''ve, ver, vis, vis, verself''' is the exact set used by Egan, Hulme, and Reynolds (see below). The set's date of creation and creator are not yet known to the editors of this wiki. A nearly-identical but incompletely recorded set was '''ve, vir, vis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created in 1970, and published in the May issue of ''Everywoman.''<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> | '''ve, ver, vis, vis, verself''' is the exact set used by Egan, Hulme, and Reynolds (see below). The set's date of creation and creator are not yet known to the editors of this wiki. A nearly-identical but incompletely recorded set was '''ve, vir, vis, (not recorded), (not recorded)''', which was created in 1970, and published in the May issue of ''Everywoman.''<ref name="aetherlumina listing 2"></ref><ref name="d baron epicene"></ref> | ||
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'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | '''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | ||
In the 2019 Gender Census, 7.2% of people said they'd be happy for people to use ''xe/xem/xyr/xyrs/xemself'' to refer to them. | In the 2019 Gender Census, 7.2% of people said they'd be happy for people to use ''xe/xem/xyr/xyrs/xemself'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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* [[Leslie Feinberg]] asked to be called by "ze, hir" pronouns, along with "zie, hir" and "she."<ref name="Pratt">{{cite web|author=Minnie Bruce Pratt|title=Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died|work=The Advocate|date= 17 November 2014| url= http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died}}</ref> In a magazine interview from 2014, Gabriel Antonio and another anonymous person both asked to be called by these pronouns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=He And She, Ze And Xe: The Case For Gender-Neutral Pronouns |author=Donato, Al |work=The Plaid Zebra |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126112903/https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | * [[Leslie Feinberg]] asked to be called by "ze, hir" pronouns, along with "zie, hir" and "she."<ref name="Pratt">{{cite web|author=Minnie Bruce Pratt|title=Transgender Pioneer and Stone Butch Blues Author Leslie Feinberg Has Died|work=The Advocate|date= 17 November 2014| url= http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/books/2014/11/17/transgender-pioneer-leslie-feinberg-stone-butch-blues-has-died}}</ref> In a magazine interview from 2014, Gabriel Antonio and another anonymous person both asked to be called by these pronouns.<ref>{{Cite web |title=He And She, Ze And Xe: The Case For Gender-Neutral Pronouns |author=Donato, Al |work=The Plaid Zebra |date=25 November 2014 |access-date=17 October 2020 |url= https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126112903/https://www.theplaidzebra.com/ze-xe-case-gender-neutral-pronouns/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
*Writer [[Sassafras Lowrey]] uses ze/hir pronouns.<ref name="Lowrey2017">{{Cite web |title=A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |work=HuffPost |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102548/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | *Writer [[Sassafras Lowrey]] uses ze/hir pronouns.<ref name="Lowrey2017">{{Cite web |title=A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter |last=Lowrey |first=Sassafras |work=HuffPost |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529102548/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
* In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.7% of participants said they would be happy for people to use ''"ze/hir/hir/hirs/hirself"'' to refer to them. | * In the 2019 Gender Census, 4.7% of participants said they would be happy for people to use ''"ze/hir/hir/hirs/hirself"'' to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||
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'''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | '''Use for real nonbinary people:''' | ||
In the 2019 Gender Census, 11 people (around 0.1%) said they'd be happy for people to use ''zie/zir'' (or some similar spelling) to refer to them. | In the 2019 Gender Census, 11 people (around 0.1%) said they'd be happy for people to use ''zie/zir'' (or some similar spelling) to refer to them.{{Gender Census|2019}} A notable nonbinary person who goes by ze/zim is the American writer and model [[Devin-Norelle]].<ref>[https://www.instagram.com/SteroidBeyonce/ Instagram profile], accessed 29 July 2020 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607102022/https://www.instagram.com/steroidbeyonce Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref name="Michael">{{Cite web |title=Meet Devin-Norelle, Chromat's First Masculine of Center Model |author=Michael Love Michael |work=PAPER |date=9 September 2019 |access-date=29 July 2020 |url= https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10#rebelltitem10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209012845/https://www.papermag.com/devin-norelle-chromat-2640274990.html?rebelltitem=10 |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
'''Forms:''' | '''Forms:''' | ||