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Anyone with a male gender identity is male: he is a [[man]] or boy. | Anyone with a male gender identity is male: he is a [[man]] or boy. Any man's manhood is valid regardless of what kind of body parts he has, or what gender he was assigned at birth. Having or wanting to have a penis are not what makes someone a man. People who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth (AMAB)]] or people who are perceived as men (PPM) don't necessarily identify themselves as men, which is the crucial criteria for whether someone is a man. Only identifying as a man makes someone a man. Cisgender men, transgender men, and intersex men are all equally men. Because gender isn't the same thing as [[sexual orientation]], men are still men whether they feel sexual attraction to men (gay), or to women (heterosexual), either/any gender ([[bisexual]] or [[pansexual]]), or none ([[asexual]]). | ||
In the Western colonialist [[gender binary]] system, "man" is considered to be one of the only two genders that exist, one of the [[binary gender]]s. For all of written history, cultures all over the world have acknowledged people who were gender-variant or who transitioned to a different gender role than the one assigned to them at birth. Ancient cultures that thought of there being a specific number of genders did not always say there were just two. In ancient Egyptian writings, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Sekhet|man was one of three genders]], and in classical Jewish literature, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#The six genders in classical Judaism|man was one of six genders]]. The gender binary is an artificial and relatively new concept to humanity. Gender is not inherently binary. Therefore, "man" is not inherently a binary gender. Rather, "man" is one of many genders that people have. Throughout [[history of nonbinary gender|the history of the world]], there have been many people who do not identify with being only female or male, who are therefore [[nonbinary]]. There are also people who identify partly as a man, and yet do not feel they completely fit into that category, so they call themselves nonbinary men. Although the gender binary system is coercive and limiting, "man" is a valid identity. Manhood can be better understood as an identity in its own right, rather than as an opposite pole in a binary system.<ref name="labelle">Sophie Labelle. ''Assigned Male'' (political comic). February 6, 2019. https://assignedmale.tumblr.com/post/182605182667</ref> | In the Western colonialist [[gender binary]] system, "man" is considered to be one of the only two genders that exist, one of the [[binary gender]]s. For all of written history, cultures all over the world have acknowledged people who were gender-variant or who transitioned to a different gender role than the one assigned to them at birth. Ancient cultures that thought of there being a specific number of genders did not always say there were just two. In ancient Egyptian writings, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Sekhet|man was one of three genders]], and in classical Jewish literature, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#The six genders in classical Judaism|man was one of six genders]]. The gender binary is an artificial and relatively new concept to humanity. Gender is not inherently binary. Therefore, "man" is not inherently a binary gender. Rather, "man" is one of many genders that people have. Throughout [[history of nonbinary gender|the history of the world]], there have been many people who do not identify with being only female or male, who are therefore [[nonbinary]]. There are also people who identify partly as a man, and yet do not feel they completely fit into that category, so they call themselves nonbinary men. Although the gender binary system is coercive and limiting, "man" is a valid identity. Manhood can be better understood as an identity in its own right, rather than as an opposite pole in a binary system.<ref name="labelle">Sophie Labelle. ''Assigned Male'' (political comic). February 6, 2019. https://assignedmale.tumblr.com/post/182605182667</ref> | ||
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[[File:FTM London (4764131524).jpg|thumb|200px|Trans rights marchers at Pride London 2010. Their banner says "Supporting Female to Male Trans People."]] | [[File:FTM London (4764131524).jpg|thumb|200px|Trans rights marchers at Pride London 2010. Their banner says "Supporting Female to Male Trans People."]] | ||
Transgender men are men who were assigned female at birth (or had certain intersex conditions), and who have a male gender identity. | Transgender men are men who were assigned female at birth (or had certain intersex conditions), and who have a male gender identity. Like any men, they usually ask to be called by [[Pronouns#He|"he" pronouns]], and their sexual orientation can be gay, heterosexual, or otherwise. This is the female-to-male transgender spectrum. Older psychological and medical writings wrongly call trans men "female transsexuals" or "female transvestites", and call them by unwanted "she" pronouns. Trans men are men, not masculine women or [[butch]] lesbians. | ||
Many transgender men [[transition]] to address [[gender dysphoria]], and some also consider themselves to be | Many transgender men [[transition]] to address [[gender dysphoria]], and some also consider themselves to be transsexual men. Any transgender person's transition path is very individual. Common features in a transgender man's transition path include [[hormone therapy]] to create a balance with testosterone higher than estrogen, and [[surgery]] to remove breasts (double mastectomy, in this situation called female to male chest reconstruction), and sometimes to remove their internal reproductive organs (complete hysterectomy). Many trans men choose not to get genital surgery, or are satisfied with contemporary methods that create a penis that looks and works differently to that of a cisgender man. With hormones alone, a trans man can easily be seen as a man in daily life, which owes partially to how patriarchy polices manhood differently than womanhood.<ref>Cary Gabriel Costello, "Testosterone Does Not 'Work Better' than Estrogen." January 19, 2015. ''TransFusion'' (personal blog). [http://trans-fusion.blogspot.com/2015/01/testosterone-does-not-work-better-than.html http://trans-fusion.blogspot.com/2015/01/testosterone-does-not-work-better-than.html]</ref> | ||
Some cultures that recognize(d) female-to-male spectrum gender roles include the Blackfoot Confederacy ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Ninauposkitzipxpe|Ninauposkitzipxpe]], "manly-hearted women"), the Navajo ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Nadleehi and Dilbaa|Dilbaa]]), the Bugis people of Indonesia ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Bissu|calalai]]) the Maori ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Whakawahine and Wakatane|Wakatane]]), and Albania ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Burrnesha|Burrnesha]], "sworn virgins"), and [[gender-variant identities worldwide|many others]]. Historically, these female-to-male spectrum people have included some people who were analogous to modern, Western ideas of trans men, as well as some possibly cisgender women who took up a male gender role or appearance in order to escape patriarchal oppression, to protect themselves from violence, and to have jobs that only men were allowed to have. | Some cultures that recognize(d) female-to-male spectrum gender roles include the Blackfoot Confederacy ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Ninauposkitzipxpe|Ninauposkitzipxpe]], "manly-hearted women"), the Navajo ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Nadleehi and Dilbaa|Dilbaa]]), the Bugis people of Indonesia ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Bissu|calalai]]) the Maori ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Whakawahine and Wakatane|Wakatane]]), and Albania ([[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Burrnesha|Burrnesha]], "sworn virgins"), and [[gender-variant identities worldwide|many others]]. Historically, these female-to-male spectrum people have included some people who were analogous to modern, Western ideas of trans men, as well as some possibly cisgender women who took up a male gender role or appearance in order to escape patriarchal oppression, to protect themselves from violence, and to have jobs that only men were allowed to have. | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
==Nonbinary men== | ==Nonbinary men== | ||
Some people identify as both nonbinary and as a binary gender such as male. They see themselves as almost but not quite fitting into the gender binary, and feel an association with being male, while still feeling that it's significant that they don't fit into that category. Depending on how the individual defines their identity, they may consider themself to be nonbinary men if they also consider themself to be a [[demiboy]], [[butch]], [[stone]], [[lesbian men|lesbian man]], [[genderfluid]], [[genderqueer]], [[multigender]], [[eunuch]], or other kinds of identities. A self-described nonbinary man may consider themself to be on the female-to-male spectrum, or trans masculine. However, a nonbinary man could also be someone who considers themself to be on the male-to-female spectrum, or trans feminine, and partly identifies with having been assigned male at birth. | |||
Some people identify as both nonbinary and as a binary gender such as | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Gender binary]] | *[[Gender binary]] | ||
*[[Binary gender]] | *[[Binary gender]] |