Pronouns: Difference between revisions
→Danish neutral pronouns: capitalisation
m (Bot: adding archive links to references (error log).) |
(→Danish neutral pronouns: capitalisation) Tag: 2017 source edit |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
====Test them==== | ====Test them==== | ||
At the same time as you work on the above table of pros and cons, test the pronouns that you might like. Try them in several ways: in writing, out loud, and in reference to you. If you have friends who understand, test out having them call you by these pronouns for a little while. You can help your friends with this by wearing a pronoun badge (see below). You can also test how your pronouns look in writing by using web-sites that put them into a text. Such sites include [https://genderev.com/pronouns/ Genderev's Pronoun Try-On], [https://chocolate-pancake.github.io/pronounsandnamestester/ Pronouns And Names Tester], [http://www.pronouns.failedslacker.com/ Failedslacker's Pronoun Dressing Room], [https://pronoun.is/ Pronoun Island] and [http://www.practicewithpronouns.com/ PracticeWithPronouns.com]. You may find that you feel differently about the pronouns when they are in action, and when they are in reference to you. | At the same time as you work on the above table of pros and cons, test the pronouns that you might like. Try them in several ways: in writing, out loud, and in reference to you. If you have friends who understand, test out having them call you by these pronouns for a little while. You can help your friends with this by wearing a pronoun badge (see below). You can also test how your pronouns look in writing by using web-sites that put them into a text. Such sites include [https://genderev.com/pronouns/ Genderev's Pronoun Try-On], [https://chocolate-pancake.github.io/pronounsandnamestester/ Pronouns And Names Tester], [http://www.pronouns.failedslacker.com/ Failedslacker's Pronoun Dressing Room], [https://web.archive.org/web/20190407041806/http://www.pronoun.is/ Pronoun Island] and [http://www.practicewithpronouns.com/ PracticeWithPronouns.com]. You may find that you feel differently about the pronouns when they are in action, and when they are in reference to you. | ||
===Announcing your change of pronouns=== | ===Announcing your change of pronouns=== | ||
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
For another example, some genderfluid people feel comfortable or uncomfortable with certain pronouns depending on the current state of their gender identity. As a result, they alternate pronouns depending on their current identity, and ask to be called by different pronouns at different times. | For another example, some genderfluid people feel comfortable or uncomfortable with certain pronouns depending on the current state of their gender identity. As a result, they alternate pronouns depending on their current identity, and ask to be called by different pronouns at different times. | ||
Unusual pronouns can make trouble for people who speak English as a second language, or who have disabilities that make it harder for them to speak and understand English. Unusual pronouns are difficult to understand for people who lipread.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pronouns |work=Footnotes |date=15 July 2003 |archive-url= | Unusual pronouns can make trouble for people who speak English as a second language, or who have disabilities that make it harder for them to speak and understand English. Unusual pronouns are difficult to understand for people who lipread.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pronouns |work=Footnotes |date=15 July 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414130833/http://footnotes.jinkies.org.uk/pronouns.html |url=http://footnotes.jinkies.org.uk/pronouns.html |archive-date=14 April 2009 |access-date=29 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> If you or another person have difficulty using unusual pronouns for these reasons, then it is acceptable and appropriate to ask a person if they have another set of pronouns that you can use in that case.<ref>otherkinlogic, vulpinekin, and roborenard. "Nounself pronouns and how to use them." http://otherkinlogic.tumblr.com/post/92382457520 {{dead link}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200929160755/https://otherkinlogic.tumblr.com/post/92382457520 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
==Arabic neutral pronouns== | ==Arabic neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 157: | Line 157: | ||
'''onikání''', "which was used in the past as gender-neutral pronoun when refering to someone of lesser status. it’s oni/je/jejich/se they/them/their/themself and the use is: Oni jsou moc milým člověkem. - They are a very nice person."<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | '''onikání''', "which was used in the past as gender-neutral pronoun when refering to someone of lesser status. it’s oni/je/jejich/se they/them/their/themself and the use is: Oni jsou moc milým člověkem. - They are a very nice person."<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
==Danish neutral pronouns== | ==Danish neutral pronouns== | ||
Gender-neutral pronouns in Danish language ( | Gender-neutral pronouns in Danish language (dansk) include: | ||
'''de, dem, deres'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | '''de, dem, deres'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
'''hen, hen, hens'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> (neopronoun - the variants hæn and høn | '''hen, hen, hens'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> (neopronoun - the variants hæn and høn have also been proposed.)<ref>https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00016738 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220929211652/https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00016738 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> <ref>https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/han-hun-eller-hoen/13013a26-ec3f-4c10-9833-d80a0fd6ea7e [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023120648/https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/han-hun-eller-hoen/13013a26-ec3f-4c10-9833-d80a0fd6ea7e Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
==Dutch neutral pronouns== | ==Dutch neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 179: | Line 177: | ||
'''zij, hen, hun'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | '''zij, hen, hun'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
‘’’Die, hen, hun’’’is also often used with die being a translation of who or another way of using a Dutch version of they <ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ‘’’Die, hen, hun’’’is also often used with die being a translation of who or another way of using a Dutch version of they.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
Dutch has three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, but most forms are identical for masculine and feminine (while often opposed to neuter). This makes avoidance strategies attractive. E.g. while the third person singular personal pronoun is differentiated between feminine ("zij") and masculine ("hij"), the demonstrative pronoun is identical for these two genders ("'''die'''") and can often be used instead. | Dutch has three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, but most forms are identical for masculine and feminine (while often opposed to neuter). This makes avoidance strategies attractive. E.g. while the third person singular personal pronoun is differentiated between feminine ("zij") and masculine ("hij"), the demonstrative pronoun is identical for these two genders ("'''die'''") and can often be used instead. | ||
In 2016 Transgender Netwerk Nederland held a poll, in which '''hen, hen, hun''' or '''die, hen, hun''' were chosen as gender neutral pronouns.<ref name=":2" /> | In 2016 Transgender Netwerk Nederland held a poll, in which '''hen, hen, hun''' or '''die, hen, hun''' were chosen as gender neutral pronouns.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
==English neutral pronouns== | ==English neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 288: | Line 283: | ||
'''em'''. | '''em'''. | ||
'''er_sie'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />''', ersie, er:sie, er*sie.'''<ref name=":0" /> From ''er'' (he) and ''sie'' (she). | '''er_sie'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />''', sie_r, ersie, er:sie, er*sie.'''<ref name=":0" /> From ''er'' (he) and ''sie'' (she). | ||
'''hän/sires/sim/sin'''.<ref name="high_Glos">{{Cite web |title=Glossar |trans-title= |author= |work=High on Clichés |date=11 December 2011 |access-date=21 February 2021 |url= https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> used as a replacement for ''er/sie'' | '''hän/sires/sim/sin'''.<ref name="high_Glos">{{Cite web |title=Glossar |trans-title= |author= |work=High on Clichés |date=11 December 2011 |access-date=21 February 2021 |url= https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> used as a replacement for ''er/sie'' | ||
| Line 313: | Line 308: | ||
'''x'''.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> Has been criticised for being racist when used by white people.<ref>"Warum das x-Pronomen mir Bauchschmerzen bereitet" ''Tea-Riffic'' (blog). [http://teariffic.de/2015/02/18/warum-das-x-pronomen-mir-bauchschmerzen-bereitet/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331104851/http://teariffic.de/2015/02/18/warum-das-x-pronomen-mir-bauchschmerzen-bereitet/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | '''x'''.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> Has been criticised for being racist when used by white people.<ref>"Warum das x-Pronomen mir Bauchschmerzen bereitet" ''Tea-Riffic'' (blog). [http://teariffic.de/2015/02/18/warum-das-x-pronomen-mir-bauchschmerzen-bereitet/] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331104851/http://teariffic.de/2015/02/18/warum-das-x-pronomen-mir-bauchschmerzen-bereitet/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
'''xier/xieser/xiem/xien'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/|title=Version 3.3 : xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht|author=Illi Anna Heger|language=de-DE|access-date=2021-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602091309/https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | '''xier/xieser/xiem/xien'''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/|title=Version 3.3 : xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht|author=Illi Anna Heger|language=de-DE|access-date=2021-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602091309/https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> Pronoun set based on ''xier'' (pronounced [ksi:ɐ̯]), an alternative to ''er'' and ''sie'' developed by Illi Anna Heger. And '''xies''' can be used as the base to matching possessive pronouns, that are declensed with endings you would use for ''sein'' and ''ihr'', '''xiese/xieses/xiesem/xiesen/xieser.''' <ref>https://www.annaheger.de/pronouns/</ref> | ||
'''z, zet.'''<ref>@pandanouk. September 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160906155158/https://twitter.com/pandanouk/status/772895165551874049</ref> replacement for er/sie | '''z, zet.'''<ref>@pandanouk. September 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160906155158/https://twitter.com/pandanouk/status/772895165551874049</ref> replacement for er/sie | ||
| Line 382: | Line 377: | ||
'''êla, dêla, nêla.''' This combines ''ele'' (êle) with ''ela''.<ref>Carvalho, Danniel. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Sobre gênero e a invenção de um pronome não-binário]. ''researchgate.net'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20221224180116/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | '''êla, dêla, nêla.''' This combines ''ele'' (êle) with ''ela''.<ref>Carvalho, Danniel. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Sobre gênero e a invenção de um pronome não-binário]. ''researchgate.net'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20221224180116/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
== Russian neutral pronouns == | |||
The Russian language (русский язык) has three singular third person pronouns: masculine "он" (''on''), feminine "она" (''ona''), and neuter "оно" (''ono''). The highly gendered nature of the language makes it difficult for nonbinary speakers to describe themselves, and some reject pronouns and gendered verbs altogether. | |||
'''Alternating pronouns -''' Some nonbinary Russian speakers alternate between ''on'' and ''ona''. | |||
'''Ono (оно) -''' The use of ''ono'' as a gender neutral pronoun is controversial even within the nonbinary community, as some people consider it to be dehumanizing. It traditionally means 'it' and in general Russian's neuter grammatical gender refers mostly to inanimate/nonhuman things or young children. In the other 5 grammatical cases ''ono'' also looks the same as the masculine pronoun. However, some nonbinary speakers reclaim the word.<ref>[https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2018/08/24/lost-for-words-non-binary-russians-fight-the-limits-of-their-language-a62650 Lost for Words: Non-Binary Russians Fight The Limits of Their Language] ''Moscow Times'', 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</ref> | |||
'''On(a), on_a (он[а], он_а) -''' Combining ''on'' and ''ona'' using parenthesis or a 'gender gap' (underscore) can be done as well. This is considered an option mostly for writing, but some people use it orally as well by putting a pause between the masculine and the feminine.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-021-09241-6 Prospects and challenges of gender neutralization in Russian] ''Russian Linguistics'' 45. 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</ref> | |||
'''Ony (они) -''' The traditional third person plural pronoun. Some people use this to refer to a singular nonbinary person, like ''they'' in English, although this can get difficult when referring to oneself due to the highly gendered nature of Russian verbs and adjectives. | |||
'''Oh (ох/ех) -''' A neopronoun that does not follow the same format as ''on''/''ona''/''ono''. | |||
'''Onzh (онж/егж) -''' Another neopronoun that follows the same format as ''on'' or ''ono'' but with the letter zhe (ж). | |||
'''One (оне/нех) -''' A neopronoun. It uses the ending '''-ле''' in verb conjugation.<ref>'''[https://ru.pronouns.page/%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5 <nowiki>оне/нех/[-ле] Неоместоимения</nowiki>]''' Pronouns-page. Accessed 22 July 2023.</ref> | |||
==Slovak neutral pronouns== | ==Slovak neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 444: | Line 456: | ||
'''je, jin, jins'''.<ref>http://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019154108/https://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> These pronouns do exist as indefinite pronouns, though their use for referring to a specific person isn't very common. | '''je, jin, jins'''.<ref>http://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019154108/https://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> These pronouns do exist as indefinite pronouns, though their use for referring to a specific person isn't very common. | ||
== Yiddish neutral pronouns == | |||
Gender-neutral pronouns in Yiddish language (ייִדיש) include: | |||
'''zey, zeyer, zeyere (זיי, זייער, זייערע) -''' The third person plural pronoun, which many nonbinary Yiddishists use as singular. It is conjugated as plural while the name of the person followed by a verb stays singular, likely due to the influence of English on the language. | |||
=== '''Neopronouns''' === | |||
'''fey, fer, feyer (פֿיי, פֿער, פֿייער) -''' Also spelled '''fey, feyer, feyere (פֿיי, פֿֿייער, פֿייערע)'''. Basically equivalent to English fae/faer/faers.<ref>https://ingeveb.org/pedagogy/queer-family-tree Bach, Alona, Rebecca Araten, Ethan Nosanow Levin, and Carolyn Beard. “''Undzer Mishpokhe'': A Queer Yiddish Curriculum Supplement.” In geveb (April 2022): Accessed Jul 21, 2023.</ref> Some people do not use them because they have the same first three letters as the f-slur in Yiddish. | |||
'''ez, zim, zir (עז, זים, זיר) -''' Neopronouns with no English equivalent. They are based off of all three singular third person pronouns: ''er (ער)'', ''zi (זי)'', and ''es (עס)''. | |||
'''zi.er, zi_er, zier (זי.ער, זי—ער, זיער) -''' Combinations of he ''(er - ער)'' and she ''(zi - זי)''. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 458: | Line 482: | ||
*[http://www.pronouns.failedslacker.com/ Failedslacker's Pronoun Dressing Room]. Choose a set of pronouns, and this page will show you how those pronouns look in action, by automatically putting them into sample texts from literature. Use this tool to test pronouns that you like, to see how they look in use. | *[http://www.pronouns.failedslacker.com/ Failedslacker's Pronoun Dressing Room]. Choose a set of pronouns, and this page will show you how those pronouns look in action, by automatically putting them into sample texts from literature. Use this tool to test pronouns that you like, to see how they look in use. | ||
*[http://www.practicewithpronouns.com/ Practice With Pronouns]. A game that lets you practice putting pronouns into different parts of sample sentences, so that you can get used to the grammar. | *[http://www.practicewithpronouns.com/ Practice With Pronouns]. A game that lets you practice putting pronouns into different parts of sample sentences, so that you can get used to the grammar. | ||
*[http://pronoun.is/ Pronoun Island]. Anyone can put in any pronouns they can imagine, and it makes a page that shows how to use them in a sentence, which a person can link to in order to show these particular usage examples to other people. | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190124010616/http://pronoun.is/ Pronoun Island]. Anyone can put in any pronouns they can imagine, and it makes a page that shows how to use them in a sentence, which a person can link to in order to show these particular usage examples to other people. | ||
*[https://pronouny.xyz/ Pronouny]. Website where you can create an account to share your pronouns. | *[https://pronouny.xyz/ Pronouny]. Website where you can create an account to share your pronouns. | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20201005220311/https://anagnori.tumblr.com/post/75752291700/a-non-binary-persons-guide-to-invented-pronouns A Non-Binary Person's Guide to Invented Pronouns] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20201005220311/https://anagnori.tumblr.com/post/75752291700/a-non-binary-persons-guide-to-invented-pronouns A Non-Binary Person's Guide to Invented Pronouns] | ||