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Gender neutral language in German: Difference between revisions

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Gender neutral language in German (edit)

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* meiniks bestiks Freundiks
* meiniks bestiks Freundiks


'''Shortened Words and Nonsense Forms <ref>http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber [https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230553/https://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''
 
'''Shortened words, -ir and -on <ref>https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter</ref> forms.'''
 
Shorten and/or add -ir or -on to make nouns gender-neutral. -ir works as a gender-neutral ending as it is a combination of -in and -er. -on can be used as an alternative to -ir when a word ends on the letter r.
 
<u>Shortened</u>
* Gema (Gemahlin/Gemahl)
* Prin/Kronprin
<u>Shortened/-ir/-on</u>
* Begleitir
* Chirurgir
* Cousir/Cousinir
* Doktir/Doktoron
* Freundir
* Gattir (Gattin/Gatte)
* Heiratir
* Könir
* Lehrir/Lehreron
* Partnir
* Professir/Professoron
* Schägir/Schwageron
* Trauzeugir
* Verlobtir
* Witwir
 
 
'''Shortened words and nonsense forms <ref>http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber [https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230553/https://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''


Fairly well known -i words:
Fairly well known -i words:
Line 49: Line 75:


* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.
* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.
*
'''"-person" and "-mensch"'''


=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
''See main article at [[Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns]].''
''See main article at [[Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns]].''
====== dey ======
Suggested by Riley Alexis in August 2016,<ref>Riley Alexis (2024): ''agenderbee.'' Online at:https://www.instagram.com/p/CZgOS9VqGWH/?igsh=MWs1eDVtYjRxMm9weA== (retrieved 21.03.2024).</ref> the "dey"-pronoun seems to be the most widespread nowadays. German translation of ''Starfield'' vom Bethesda Games Studios uses 'dey'/'demm' pronouns to refer to nonbinary protagonists. Some German speaking influencers use them as their pronouns (cf. @kai.isaiah_jamal) and so do other numerous Instagram users (i. e. search for the key words 'dey/dem' in the Instagram search engine). As for series, ''Star Treck Discovery'' uses 'dey' pronouns for their nonbinary/genderless characters.<ref name=":2">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Darunter und darüber — "they" Pronomen in Filmen/Serien Deutsch übersetzen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/darunterdarueber/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>
====== sier ======
Ravna Marin Siever, author of the book ''Was wird es denn? Ein Kind! Wie geschlechtsoffene Erziehung gelingt'', uses pronouns from the sier-paradigm for people to refer to them. Several books use 'sier' pronouns.<ref name=":4">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''DiverserLesen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/diverserlesen/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>
====== xier ======
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind,'' hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide, t
that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" />
====== hen ======
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist, Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers,<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" />
====== en ======
An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
==== Tables ====
The relative pronouns are all similar to the demonstrative pronouns but for the genitive, represented in the last ligne of the table.
Except for the De-e-System (definite article: 'de' [də]; relative and demonstrative pronoun: 'de' [de(:)]), the definite article is similar to the demonstrative personal pronoun.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personalpronouns
|+Primary and demonstrative personal pronouns, relative pronoun and definite article: dominant usage
!Paradigm
!Paradigm
! colspan="2" |I. A. Heger Version 2.1<ref>Illi Anna Heger (2022): ''Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retreived 09.02.2024).</ref>
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |I. A. Heger Version 3.3<ref>Illi Anna Heger (2022): Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!hen2<ref name=":0">Dominik Jahre (2018): ''Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus''. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10">zweisatz (2011): ''HIGH ON CLICHÉS''. ''Glossar''. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":11">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hän/sim''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/h%C3%A4n?erweitert (retrieved 02.09.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |g-Genus<ref name=":0" />
! colspan="2" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hen/hem''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":13">Moro, Jona/Frank, Noah (2024): ''Das NoNa-System. geschlechtsneutrale deutsche Grammatik''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutralesdeutsch.com/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |NoNa-System<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''hen/hem''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0">Dominik Jahre (2018): ''Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus''. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
|-
|-
|'''prosodical features'''
!'''solely referential and/or demonstrative'''
|<u>atone</u>
!syncretic pronoun
|<u>tonic</u>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
|<u>atone</u>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>
|<u>tonic</u>
!solely ref.
|<u>atone</u>
!demonstr.
|<u>tonic</u>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
|
!solely ref.
|<u>atone</u>
!demonstr.
|<u>tonic</u>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
|<u>atone</u>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>
|<u>tonic</u>
!solely ref.
!demonstr.
|-
|-
|'''Nominative'''
!'''Nominative'''
|sier [zi:ɐ̯]
|dey/dej
|dier [di:ɐ̯]
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sier [zi:ɐ̯]</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dier [di:ɐ̯]</span>
|xier
|xier
|dier [di:ɐ̯]
|dier
|en
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hän</span>
|de
|hen
|hen
|dio
|hen
|hen
|dai
|dai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|en
|de [də]/[de(:)]
|-
|-
|'''Accusative'''
!'''Accusative'''
|sien
|dey/dej; dem(m) [dɛm]
|dien
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sien</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dien</span>
|xien
|xien
|dien
|dien
|en
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sin</span>
|de
|han
|hen
|dio
|hen
|hen
|dai
|dai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|en
|de [də]/[de(:)]
|-
|-
|'''Dative'''
!'''Dative'''
|siem
|denen; demm<ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Pronomen. dey.'' Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#dey (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
|diem
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siem</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">diem</span>
|xiem
|xiem
|diem
|diem
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sim</span>
|hem
|dam
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hem</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dero</span>
|em
|em
|derm
|derm
|ham
|hem
|dero
|hem
|dam
|-
|-
|'''Genitive'''
!'''Genitive'''
|sieser
|derer/deren
| -
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
|xieser
|xieser
| -
| -
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>
| henser
| dais
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dero</span>
|enser
|enser
| -
| -
|-
!Genitive: relative pronouns
|derer/deren
|
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">deren</span><ref>Heger, Illi Anna (2024): Personal Communication.</ref>
|
|deren
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
|
| -
| -
|
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dereno</span>
|
|dersen
|-
! colspan="6" |
! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms
! colspan="2" |
|-
!Examples
|<small>'''Dey''' wohnt in '''deren'''&nbsp;eigener Wohnung. Hast du&nbsp;'''demm''' neulich gesehen? Wie geht es '''denen'''?</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich kenne '''sien''' nicht. Ist '''sier''' hier&nbsp;eingezogen?Ich habe noch nie mit '''siem''' gesprochen.</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Mit '''diem''' will ich&nbsp;nichts zu tun&nbsp;haben.&nbsp;'''Dier''' hört mir nie zu!</small></span>
|<small>Suchst du&nbsp;'''xien'''?'''Xier''' ist im&nbsp;Urlaub.</small>
|<small>Same as for "sier".&nbsp;</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich rufe '''sin''' später zurück an, wenn ich mit '''sim''' auch entspannt reden kann.</small></span>
|<small>'''Hen''' lächelt  wie&nbsp;du.&nbsp;Bist du mit '''hem''' verwandt?</small>
|<small>'''Dai''' Tankel, '''dai''' neu hier ist, fragt '''dai''' Ompa, '''dam''' ich&nbsp;mal&nbsp;ein&nbsp;Bild geschenkt habe, wie es hem geht.</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Hen''' wohnt mit '''hem''' in einem Reihenhaus.</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Dio''' Hansi, '''dereno''' Geschwister ich noch nie getroffen habe, findet '''dio''' Kayan beim Versteckenspielen nie.</small></span>
|<small>'''Em''' schmeckt mein Essen nie. Ich will '''en''' nicht mehr einladen.</small>
|<small>'''De''' Studente, mit '''derm''' ich gestern gesprochen habe, gefällt mir.</small>
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+<small>Personal pronouns: peripheral usage</small>
!<small>Paradigm</small>
! colspan="2" |<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">SYLVAIN-Konventionen</span><ref>de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): ''Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache.'' Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
! colspan="2" |<small>'sir' [zi:<span style="color:DarkBlue">ɐ̯]</span><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''sir''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":15">Berliner Morgenpost (2017): ''Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'hen'<sub>2</sub></span><ref>Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ''ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS''. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<small>'el'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''el/em''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''el''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'ey'</span><ref>Pronouns.page (2024). ''ey/emm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''ey/em''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>
|-
!'''<small>solely referential and/or demonstrative</small>'''
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>solely ref.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>demonstr.</small></span>
!<small>solely ref.</small>
!<small>demonstr.</small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>
!<small>-</small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>
|-
!'''<small>Nominative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>
|<small>sir</small>
|<small>dier</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>hen</small></span>
|<small>el</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ey</small></span>
|-
!'''<small>Accusative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>
|<small>sihn</small>
|<small>dien</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>han</small></span>
|<small>en</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>
|-
!'''<small>Dative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nim</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>dim</small>
|<small>ihrm</small>
|<small>derm</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ham</small></span>
|<small>em</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>
|-
!'''<small>Genitive</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nimser</small>
| <small>-</small>
|<small>sihrer</small>
| <small>-</small>
| <small>-</small>
|<small>emser</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>eyser</small></span>
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+<small>(almost) Indeclinable personal pronouns</small>
!<small>Paradigm</small>
!<small>'ens'<ref>Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): ''Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“.'' In: ''Berliner Zeitung.'' Retrieved 28.04.2021.</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''ens/ens''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'en'</span><ref name=":1">von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: ''Der'' ''Standard''. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''en/en''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<small>'iks'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''iks/iks''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
|-
!<small>Nominative</small>
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|<small>iks</small>
|-
!<small>Accusative</small>
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|<small>iks</small>
|-
!<small>Dative</small>
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|<small>iks</small>
|-
!<small>Genitive</small>
|<small>enser</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>enser</small></span>
|<small>ikser</small>
|}
For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen
=== Possessive adjectives ===
For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Inclusive possessive adjective (ownership of any gender)
!Paradigm
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" />
! colspan="3" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" />
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />
! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />
! colspan="5" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" />
|-
!Gender of the owned object
!<small>masc.</small>
!<small>fem.</small>
!<small>incl.</small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!<small>masc.</small>
!<small>fem.</small>
!<small>incl.</small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!<small>masc.</small>
!<small>fem.</small>
!<small>incl.</small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!<small>masc.</small>
!<small>fem.</small>
!<small>incl. 3<sup>d</sup> PS</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>incl. 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>d</sup> PP</small>
|-
!'''Nominative'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |deren
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sies</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siese</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesa</span>
|xies
|xiese
|xiesa
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sir</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sire</span>
| -
| -
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |hens
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hens</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hense</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henseo</span>
|ens
|ense
|ens
|unse
|eue
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesen</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siese</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesan</span>
|xiesen
|xiese
|xiesan
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siren</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sire</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensen</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hense</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henseo</span>
|ensen
|ense
|ens
|unse
|eue
|-
!'''Dative'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesem</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesam</span>
|xiesem
|xieser
|xiesam
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirem</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensem</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensero</span>
|ensem
|enser
|enserm
|unsererm
|eurerm
|-
!'''Genitive'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieses</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesas</span>
|xieses
|xieser
|xiesas
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sires</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henses</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensero</span>
|enses
|enser
|ensers
|unserers
|eurers
|-
! colspan="10" |
! colspan="10" |'hen' paradigms
! colspan="4" |
|}
The possessiv adjectives 'deren' and 'hens' offer the advantage of being easily learnable. As for the possessives suggested by the g-Genus, aside from appearing on nonbinary grammatical websites, they don't seem to have gained much popularity on online platforms. The possessive adjectives from the 'hän' paradigm are phonetically similar to the ones of the system proposed by Kathrin Kunkel-Razum, the editor-in-chief of the Duden.<ref name=":15" />
=== Article pronouns, possessive pronouns ===
Unlike possessive adjectives ('dein Eis', 'ihr Bleistift', 'unser Löffel'), possessive pronouns ('deins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or hierarchically tied to one. Thus, they act as an autonomous, unbreakable syntactic unit.
Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns too, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). In the De-e-system, however, the declension of the demonstrative personal pronoun is different from the other article pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V (2023): ''Demonstrativ-/Relativpronomen''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/deklinationstabellen/ (retrieved 28.03.2024).</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Inclusive possessive and article pronouns (genderneutral/-inclusive owned object)
!Paradigm
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" />
!'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />
!NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />
!De-e-System<ref name=":14" />
|-
!
!ex. with 'die' (plurall)
!
!
!
!ex. with 'jene·r·s'
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ex. with 'jede·r·s'</small></span>
!ex. with 'eins·e·er'
|-
!'''Nominative'''
| rowspan="4" |derer
<small>(only attested possessive</small>
<small>pronoun for this paradigm)</small>
| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>
| rowspan="4" |no data yet
| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>
|jenai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>
|einey
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|jenai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>
|einey
|-
!'''Dative'''
|jenam
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedero</span>
|einerm
|-
!'''Genitive'''
| -
| -
|henser
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
| -
| -
|-
! colspan="4" |
! colspan="3" |'hen' paradigms
!
|}
|}
=== '''Indefinite pronoun''' ===
In German, there is the indefinite pronoun "man". This is used in everyday language regardless of gender. But the fact that it sounds exactly like the word "Mann" makes some people uncomfortable. A few decades ago, feminist language critics suggested using alternatives such as "frau" or "mensch". However, the word "frau" only evokes one gender, so it has no real advantage over "man".
From a linguistic history perspective, "man" is an Old High German noun that had the gender-neutral meaning of the word "human" and only later took on the meaning "man" as a noun.
The form "man" is only used in the nominative. In the dative and accusative, the forms "einem" and "einen" are used as indefinite pronouns; there is no genitive form of the indefinite pronoun in German.
"Mensch" and "eins" are suggested alternatives to the subject form of “man”. "einem"/"einen" would stay the same.


=== Titles ===
=== Titles ===
Line 136: Line 492:
* Mau<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> - nonstandard
* Mau<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> - nonstandard
* Per - nonstandard
* Per - nonstandard
* "Vorname, Nachname" - In vielen Fällen kann und sollte man anstelle eines Ehrentitels der Vor- und Nachname verwenden, z.B. "Kim Müller" statt "Frau/Herr Müller".


'''Professional & Academic Titles'''
'''Professional & Academic Titles'''
Line 143: Line 500:
* Professx<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421011215/https://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard
* Professx<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421011215/https://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard


=== Family terms ===
=== Family, relationship and people terms ===
See also: [https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter Nichtbinäre Wörter] at Nichtbinär-Wiki
See also: [https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter Nichtbinäre Wörter] at Nichtbinär-Wiki


'''Parent'''
'''Parent'''


* Elter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be recognised
* Elter - German word for parent, will sound awkward but be recognised
* Elta - nonstandard
* Mapa - nonstandard
* Mapa - nonstandard
* Pama - nonstandard
* Pama - nonstandard
* Wawa - nonstandard


'''Child'''
'''Child'''


* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard
* Großes - standard
* Kind - standard
* Kind - standard
* Kleines - standard
* Kleines - standard
* Großes - standard
* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard
* Spross/nachkomme, means sprogeny/offspring/descendant


'''Aunt/Uncle'''
'''Aunt/Uncle'''


* Eltergeschwister - nonstandard
* Eltschwister - nonstandard
* Onte - nonstandard
* Pibling - nonstandard
* Tankel - nonstandard
* Tankel - nonstandard
* Tonke - nonstandard


'''Niece/Nephew'''
'''Niece/Nephew'''


* Nibling - nonstandard
* Nibling - nonstandard
* Niffe - nonstandard
* Geschwisterkind - nonstandard
* Schwisterkind - nonstandard
* Seitkind - nonstandard
'''Cousin'''
* Batter
* Cousibling
* Cousir/Cousinir
* Seitschwister


'''Grandparent'''
'''Grandparent'''


* Großelter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood
* Großelter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood
* Ohlta - nonstandard
* Opma - nonstandard
* Owa - nonstandard


'''Sibling'''
'''Sibling'''
Line 175: Line 553:
* Bruderin, Bruder*in - nonstandard
* Bruderin, Bruder*in - nonstandard
* Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard
* Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard
* das Geschwister - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood
* Geschwister - standard, but not commonly used
* Geschwisterchen - standard, but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings
* Geschwisterchen - standard but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings
* der/mein Schwester - nonstandard
* Große/Ältere Geschwister - big/older sibling
* Kleine/Jüngere Geschwister - little/younger sibling


'''Partner'''
'''Partner'''


* Brautpartnir - nonstandard
* Eheperson
* Ehepartei
* Eheteil
* Eheherzmensch - married to the heart person
*Eheperson
*Eheherzperson
* Freun - nonstandard
* Freunir/Freundir - nonstandard
* Freund*in
* Freund*in
* Gattir - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gattin/Gatte
* Gema - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gemahlin/Gemahl
* Gespons - oldfashion
* Heiratir - nonstandard
* Herzmensch - literally heart person, used as a term of endearment
* Herzmensch - literally heart person, used as a term of endearment
* Eheherzmensch - married to the heart person
*Eheperson
*Eheherzperson
* Liebschaft
* Liebschaft
* Paarteil
* Partner*in
* Partner*in
* Partnir - nonstandard
* Verlobtir - nonstandard
'''In-law'''
* Schwiegerelter - nonstandard, parent-in-law
* Schwiegergeschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwiegerkind - nonstandard, child-in-law
* Schwiegerperson - in-law person
* Schwiegschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwägir/Schwageron - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
'''Other'''
* Begleitir - nonstandard neutral word for one's company/companion
* Brautentourage - nonstandard neutral word for wedding entourage
* Erwachsene Person - neutral word for adult
* Hauspartnir - nonstandard neutral word for housespouse
* Hauselter - nonstandard neutral word for houseparent
* Jemensch - non-male-generalizing alternative to jemand
* Jugenlicher/Jungere Person - neutral word for youth/young person
* Niemensch - non-male-generalizing alternative to niemand
* Leut - nonstandard singular version of ''Leute''
* Leute - standard word for people
* Trauzeugir - nonstandard neutral alternative to ''trauzeugin/brautjungfern'' and ''trauzeuge(n)''
* Verehrte/Liebe Publikum/Gäste/Leute/Menschen - neutral alternative to "ladies and gentlemen"
* Verheirateten - neutral alternative to married couple
* Witwir - neutral alternative to widowed person/wid
* Älterer person - neutral alternative to old woman and old man
=== Other terms ===
* Bürgir/Bürgeron - nonstandard neutral word for citizen
* Chirurgir
* Doktir/Doktoron
* Kollegir
* Könir - nonstandard neutral alternative to queen (königin) and king (könig)
* Könirlich - nonstandard neutral alternative to royal (königlich)
* Mittbewohnir - nonstandard neutral alternative to mittbewhonerin/mittbewohner
* Lehrir/Lehreron
* Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince. Can also be described as "königlicher Nachkomme" (royal descendant), "königlicher Erbe" (royal heir) or "königliche Partner/Partnir/Gema (durch Heirat)" (royal partner/consort, through marriage)
* Professir/Professoron - nonstandard alternatives for professor
* Schülir/Schüleron - nonstandard alternatives for school-student
* Studentir - nonstandard alternative for student
* Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince
* Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king
* Reich/Könirreich - neutral alternatives to kingdom (königreich)


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 194: Line 632:
* [[German neutral pronouns]]
* [[German neutral pronouns]]


== Resources ==
== Main resources ==


# Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache''. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache.
# Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache''. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache.
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