Fa'afafine: Difference between revisions
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The word ''fa'afafine'' includes the causative prefix ''fa'a–'', meaning "in the manner of", and the word ''fafine'', meaning "woman".<ref>Milner, G.B. 1966. Samoan-English Dictionary. "Fa'afafine" entry pg. 52 under "Fafine"</ref> It is cognate with linguistically related words or social categories in other Polynesian languages, such as the Tongan ''fakaleiti'' (also ''fakafefine''), the Cook Islands Māori ''akava'ine'', the Hawaiian and Tahitian ''[[māhū]]'' (literally ''in the middle''), the Māori ''whakawāhine'', the Niuean ''fiafifine'' (also ''fakafifine''), the Tokelauan ''fakafāfine'', the Tuvaluan ''pinapinaaine'', the Gilbertese ''binabinaaine'', and the Wallisian ''fakafafine''. | The word ''fa'afafine'' includes the causative prefix ''fa'a–'', meaning "in the manner of", and the word ''fafine'', meaning "woman".<ref>Milner, G.B. 1966. Samoan-English Dictionary. "Fa'afafine" entry pg. 52 under "Fafine"</ref> It is cognate with linguistically related words or social categories in other Polynesian languages, such as the Tongan ''fakaleiti'' (also ''fakafefine''), the Cook Islands Māori ''akava'ine'', the Hawaiian and Tahitian ''[[māhū]]'' (literally ''in the middle''), the Māori ''whakawāhine'', the Niuean ''fiafifine'' (also ''fakafifine''), the Tokelauan ''fakafāfine'', the Tuvaluan ''pinapinaaine'', the Gilbertese ''binabinaaine'', and the Wallisian ''fakafafine''. | ||
The FTM or female-to-male equivalent in Samoa are known variously as ''fa'atane'', ''fa'atama'', and ''fafatama''. Ultimately, Western terms like gay, transgender, FTM, etc., do not align exactly with Samoan terms like fa'afafine, fa'atane, etc., which have meaning within the fa'asamoa traditional cultural systems of Samoa. | The FTM or female-to-male equivalent in Samoa are known variously as ''fa'atane'', ''fa'atama'', and ''fafatama''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nhm.org/stories/beyond-gender-indigenous-perspectives-faafafine-and-faafatama|title=Beyond Gender: Indigenous Perspectives, Fa’afafine and Fa’afatama|date=2020-09-01|website=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County|archive-url=https://archive.is/FVlWG|archive-date=2024-11-18|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> Ultimately, Western terms like gay, transgender, FTM, etc., do not align exactly with Samoan terms like fa'afafine, fa'atane, etc., which have meaning within the fa'asamoa traditional cultural systems of Samoa. | ||
The Samoan slang word ''mala'' (or "devastation" in the Samoan language) is in less frequent use for fa'afafine, as it arose from fundamentalist influenced homophobia and transphobia.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Fa'afafine Notes: On Tagaloa, Jesus, and Nafanua| journal = Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press| pages = 81–94| year = 2011| last1 = Taulapapa McMullin | first1 = Dan}}</ref> | The Samoan slang word ''mala'' (or "devastation" in the Samoan language) is in less frequent use for fa'afafine, as it arose from fundamentalist influenced homophobia and transphobia.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Fa'afafine Notes: On Tagaloa, Jesus, and Nafanua| journal = Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press| pages = 81–94| year = 2011| last1 = Taulapapa McMullin | first1 = Dan}}</ref> | ||