Gender neutral language in French: Difference between revisions
→Possessive adjectives
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A drawback of 'an' pronounced as [ɑ̃] is its nasality, a factor known for making vowels challenging to distinguish and learn, even for native French speakers.<ref>Sicard, E./Menin-Sicard, A./Rousteau, G. (2022): ''Oppositions de voyelles orales et nasales : identification des formants selon le genre''. INSA Toulouse: ffhal-03826558v2f.</ref> Consequently, [ɑ̃] might be perceived as a mispronunciation of 'un' or simply not distinct enough from 'un' to be recognized as a different morpheme. | A drawback of 'an' pronounced as [ɑ̃] is its nasality, a factor known for making vowels challenging to distinguish and learn, even for native French speakers.<ref>Sicard, E./Menin-Sicard, A./Rousteau, G. (2022): ''Oppositions de voyelles orales et nasales : identification des formants selon le genre''. INSA Toulouse: ffhal-03826558v2f.</ref> Consequently, [ɑ̃] might be perceived as a mispronunciation of 'un' or simply not distinct enough from 'un' to be recognized as a different morpheme. | ||
'''Prepositions''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! | |||
!m | |||
!f | |||
!x | |||
!plural | |||
|- | |||
|at the | |||
|au | |||
|à la | |||
|al | |||
|aux | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|du | |||
|de la | |||
|dul | |||
|des | |||
|} | |||
====Possessive adjectives ==== | ====Possessive adjectives ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|toutes | |toutes | ||
|''toustes'' | |''toustes'' | ||
| | |touds | ||
|- | |- | ||
!quelqu'un·e | !quelqu'un·e | ||
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|amoureuseux | |amoureuseux | ||
|amoureuxe [amuʁøks] | |amoureuxe [amuʁøks] | ||
amoureusse | |||
amouré·e | amouré·e | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|dieu | |dieu | ||
|déesse | |déesse | ||
|dieuesse | |dieuesse, dieusse | ||
|dieuxe | |dieuxe | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|mignon <small>[miɲ<u>õ</u>]</small> | |mignon <small>[miɲ<u>õ</u>]</small> | ||
|mignonne <small>[miɲɔ<u>n</u>]</small> | |mignonne <small>[miɲɔ<u>n</u>]</small> | ||
| | |mignonn <small>[miɲ<u>õn</u>]</small> | ||
|mignaine, ''mignan'' <small>[miɲɑ̃]/[miɲan]</small> | |mignaine, ''mignan'' <small>[miɲɑ̃]/[miɲan]</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
The '-aine' suffix has gained popularity. However, its use in monosyllabic words like 'brun·e' may hinder comprehension, which could explain why 'bran', a form that preserves the nasality of the final vowel while only changing its place of articulation, is more widespread. Words with a '-ien/-ienne' (and obviously also '-ain/-aine') suffix cannot form a synthetic gender-neutral form with '-aine', as this would result in a word pronounced exactly the same way as the feminine one (cf. 'citoyenne'). Here, the synthetical neutral forms created with '-an' only retain masculine phonetic traits (i. e. its manner of articulation — vocalic — and its nasality trait — which is positive). Theoretically, this could lead to similar issues as discussed in the Endings from Latin '-or' and '-rix' subchapter. The same could be true with synthetic gender-neutral forms ending in '-aine', but this time in favour of the feminine. However, even though the suffix '-aine' could sound feminine, the resulting form is still easily distinguishable from the original one, since the vowels implied are oral and not nasal, and can therefore be less easily mistaken for mispronunciations — while 'écrivan', 'citoyan' and 'bran' could be (for more information, see the Indefinite and definite article subchapter). | The '-aine' suffix has gained popularity. However, its use in monosyllabic words like 'brun·e' may hinder comprehension, which could explain why 'bran', a form that preserves the nasality of the final vowel while only changing its place of articulation, is more widespread. Words with a '-ien/-ienne' (and obviously also '-ain/-aine') suffix cannot form a synthetic gender-neutral form with '-aine', as this would result in a word pronounced exactly the same way as the feminine one (cf. 'citoyenne'). Here, the synthetical neutral forms created with '-an' only retain masculine phonetic traits (i. e. its manner of articulation — vocalic — and its nasality trait — which is positive). Theoretically, this could lead to similar issues as discussed in the Endings from Latin '-or' and '-rix' subchapter. The same could be true with synthetic gender-neutral forms ending in '-aine', but this time in favour of the feminine. However, even though the suffix '-aine' could sound feminine, the resulting form is still easily distinguishable from the original one, since the vowels implied are oral and not nasal, and can therefore be less easily mistaken for mispronunciations — while 'écrivan', 'citoyan' and 'bran' could be (for more information, see the Indefinite and definite article subchapter). | ||
The use of "-iste" is always genderneutral, like "feministe". | |||
====Endings with silent consonant X in the masculine and audible consonant X in the feminine==== | ====Endings with silent consonant X in the masculine and audible consonant X in the feminine==== | ||
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| | | | ||
|grante, granxe, gransse | |grante, granxe, gransse | ||
|- | |||
!-al/ale | |||
|principal | |||
|principale | |||
| | |||
|principèl, principalx, principalz | |||
|- | |- | ||
!-iet/iète | !-iet/iète | ||
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|oblonk | |oblonk | ||
|- | |- | ||
!- | !-ier/-ière | ||
|premier <small>[pʁəmj<u>e</u>]</small> | |premier <small>[pʁəmj<u>e</u>]</small> | ||
|première <small>[pʁəmjɛ<u>ʁ</u>]</small> | |première <small>[pʁəmjɛ<u>ʁ</u>]</small> | ||
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|Monestre | |Monestre | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Discussion== | ==Discussion== | ||