Neurogender: Difference between revisions

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Sekhet's note on progress in this document:

Reorganizing entries into sections by neurotype.

Removing entries that cited no source, and/or were absent from the Gender Census.

-->{{featured article}}

{{infobox identity

~~| name = Neurogender~~

| flag = neurogender.png

| meaning = The colored bars are to represent the spectrum of different neurotypes and gender identities that neurodivergent individuals have. The infinity symbol is to represent neurodiversity.

| ~~percentage~~ = ~~0.10~~

| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]

| ~~gallery_link~~ = ~~:Category:Neurogender pride flags~~

| frequency = 0.2%

}}

'''Neurogender''' ~~is an umbrella term~~ to ~~describe when someone~~'s gender is somehow linked to their neurotype, mental illness, ~~or neurological conditions~~. There are many different neurogenders related to most, if not all, neurodivergencies. Not everyone who is neurodivergent ~~has~~ a neurogender~~, but each neurogender is exclusive to~~ certain neurotypes. ~~Oftentimes there are similar terms available to neurotypicals who have similar experiences and don't wish to appropriate.~~

'''Neurogender''' (coined by Tumblr user Baaphomett in 2014, in a submission to the [[MOGAI-archive blog]])<ref name="baaphomett masterpost">Baaphomett. "Masterpost of genders coined by Baaphomett." ''Mogai-Archive.'' Original post where these were coined, which is lost: http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that post: https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95720973644/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that archive: https://archive.is/yULU0#selection-169.2-169.93</ref> means any self-identity in which a person feels that their gender identity is somehow linked to-- and best described in connection with-- their neurological type (neurotype), neurological conditions, neurodivergence, mental variation, or mental illness. One's neurotype affects many parts of one's life, including one's gender identity. Neurogenders are not defined in relationship to concepts of male and female, which puts it under the umbrellas of [[nonbinary]] gender and [[xenogender]]. There are many different neurogenders related to most, if not all, neurodivergencies. Not everyone who is neurodivergent sees themselves as having a neurogender. Some neurogenders are only for people with certain neurotypes.

~~==List~~ of ~~Neurogenders=~~=

"Neurodivergent" is a general category for people whose neurological development and state are atypical, and it includes people who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, dyslexia, epilepsy, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or many other neurological conditions or mental illnesses. The word neurodivergent comes from the neurodiversity movement, which was started by autistic rights activists in the late 1990s. The neurodiversity movement seeks civil rights for neurodivergent people, and encourages seeing neurodivergence as a natural part of human diversity.<ref name="disabled world">"What Is: Neurodiversity, Neurodivergent, Neurotypical." ''Disabled World.'' Updated April 7, 2020. https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/awareness/neurodiversity/ [unknown-error Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

~~There are many kinds~~ of ~~neurogenders~~, ~~some of which~~ are ~~only for people~~ with ~~certain neurotypes~~. ~~This list is in alphabetical order~~.

In her book ''The Gender Creative Child'', psychologist Diane Ehrensaft wrote:

{{quote|...when a child shows up with a co-occurrence of [[gender nonconformity]] and neuro-atypicality, we are meeting with gender ''and'' something else rather than gender as a symptom of something else. It might even be that the gender and the neurodiversity are part and parcel of the same thing.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gender Creative Child|page=106|last=Ehrensaft|first=Diane|year=2016}}</ref>}}

~~===Affectugender===~~

In order to keep the wiki accurate to the lived experiences of neurodiverse and nonbinary people, identities should only be listed here if they cite from at least two separate external sources, showing:

~~[[File:affectugender.png|thumb|Affectugender [[Flags|flag]] created by Kiloueka.<ref>http://pride-flags.deviantart.com/art/Affectugender-Pride-Flag-558150940</ref> The flag design was created~~ to ~~represent fluctuating moods (yellow (happy/manic)~~ to ~~blue (sad/depressed)~~ and ~~yellow to red (anger).]]~~

~~'''Affectugender''' (coined by witchtao<ref>http~~://witchtree.tumblr.com/post/98848290913/affectugender</ref>) is defined as a gender that is affected by one’s neurodivergency especially fluctuating moods, e.g. feeling like a boy during depressive episodes and feeling more like a demigirl during happy/manic episodes. This is under the [[neurogender]] and [[xenogender]] umbrella categories of gender.

'~~''Keywords:''' Depression, mood disorders, bipolar~~, ~~BPD~~

1. origin (such as a source about how the term was coined, or at least history of the term's use), and

~~{{Clear}}~~

2. evidence that the identity has actually been used as someone's own identity. Acceptable evidence includes presence in at least one Gender Census result, a news article, or published nonfiction book describing an actual person using it.

~~===Anxiegender===~~

'~~''[[Anxiegender]]:''' A gender affected by anxiety~~. ~~'''Keywords:''' Anxiety~~

~~===Autismgender===~~

A design for a pride flag does not count toward origin or evidence of use. A personal blog written by the person who coined the term or claiming to use the term does not count toward evidence of use. A source citation of a web page counts if it is either a live link, or an archive of a dead link, but dead links by themselves are not acceptable.

~~[[File:autigender~~.~~png|thumb|Autigender [[Flags|flag]] created~~ by ~~noitspronouncedgif.<ref>http://pride-flags-for-us.tumblr.com/post/123783742554/fascigender-and-autigender-flags-from-~~the~~-pride</ref>]]~~

~~'''Autigender~~ or ~~Autismgender''' (coined by autismgender and esperancegirl)~~ is ~~defined as "autism as part~~ or ~~whole~~ of ~~gender identity;~~ a ~~gender that can only be understood in context of being autistic;" when your gender experience is influenced~~ by ~~or linked to your autism~~.

~~Similar or related: [[Neurogender#Fascigender|fascigender]]~~

==Neurogenders associated with autism==

Autism ("Autism Spectrum Disorder" in the DSM-V<ref>American Psychiatric Association. (2022). ''Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders'' (5th ed., text rev.). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787</nowiki></ref>) is a spectrum of highly variable neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychologists have three main criteria for autism: impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and repetitive behavior.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition | chapter = Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0) | editor = American Psychiatric Association | year = 2013 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing | pagex = 50–59}}</ref><ref name="Filipek">{{cite journal | vauthors = Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT, Cook EH, Dawson G, Gordon B, Gravel JS, Johnson CP, Kallen RJ, Levy SE, Minshew NJ, Ozonoff S, Prizant BM, Rapin I, Rogers SJ, Stone WL, Teplin S, Tuchman RF, Volkmar FR | s2cid = 145113684 | title = The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders | journal = J Autism Dev Disord | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–484 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10638459 | doi = 10.1023/A:1021943802493 }} This paper represents a consensus of representatives from nine professional and four parent organizations in the US.</ref><ref name="Geschwind-2009">{{cite journal | last = Geschwind | first = Daniel H | title = Advances in autism | journal = Annu Rev Med | volume = 60 | pages = 367–380 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19630577 | pmc = 3645857 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.121225}}</ref> Autistic people may be impaired in some respects, but average or better in others.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Pinel JP |title=Biopsychology |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston, Massachusetts |edition=8th |isbn=978-0-205-03099-6 |oclc=1085798897 |page=235 }}</ref> Autism lasts lifelong from birth; behavioral signs can be apparent as early as infancy,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rogers SJ | title = What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy? | journal = Autism Res | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–137 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19582867 | pmc = 2791538 | doi = 10.1002/aur.81}}</ref> and many adults and seniors are autistic.<ref name=Ste106>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steinhausen HC, Mohr Jensen C, Lauritsen MB | title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term overall outcome of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 133 | issue = 6 | pages = 445–452 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 26763353 | doi = 10.1111/acps.12559 }}</ref><ref name="Rapin">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rapin I, Tuchman RF | title = Autism: definition, neurobiology, screening, diagnosis | journal = Pediatric Clinics of North America | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | pages = 1129–1146, viii | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18929056 | doi = 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.07.005 }}</ref> The specific causes of autism are unknown, though there is thought to be a substantial genetic contribution).<ref name="Fractionable">{{cite journal|vauthors=Happé F, Ronald A |s2cid=13928876 |title=The 'fractionable autism triad': a review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research |journal=Neuropsychol Rev |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=287–304 |year=2008 |pmid=18956240 |doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8}}</ref><ref name="HappeTime">{{cite journal | vauthors = Happé F, Ronald A, Plomin R | title = Time to give up on a single explanation for autism | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 1218–1220 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17001340 | doi = 10.1038/nn1770 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Therapeutic goals are not to "cure" autistic neurotypes but to teach functional skills, reduce harmful behaviors, and enhance well-being.<ref name="CCD2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Myers SM, Johnson CP | title = Management of children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 120 | issue = 5 | pages = 1162–1182 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17967921 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 | url = https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/5/1162 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The autistic culture and autism rights movement includes those who argue that autism should be accepted as a natural part of the diversity of kinds of people.<ref name=Sil2008>{{cite journal |journal=BioSocieties |year=2008 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=325–341 |title=Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum | vauthors = Silverman C |s2cid=145379758 |doi=10.1017/S1745855208006236}}</ref><ref name=Frith2014>{{cite news |last=Frith |first=Uta | name-list-format = vanc |title=Autism – are we any closer to explaining the enigma? |url=https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma |work=The Psychologist (magazine) |publisher=British Psychological Society |date=October 2014 |volume=27 |pages=744–745|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141155/https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In the 2000s, the number of autistic people was estimated at 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide.<ref name=News2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Daniels J, Giarelli E, Grether JK, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller LA, Pinto-Martin J, Reaven J, Reynolds AM, Rice CE, Schendel D, Windham GC | title = The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 28 | pages = 235–258 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17367287 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 }}</ref> Recent U.S. estimates suggest that approximately 1 in every 36 children is on the autism spectrum (Maenner et al., 2023)<ref>Maenner, M.J., Warren, Z., Williams, A.R., et al. (2023). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ; 72(No. SS-2):1–14. DOI: <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1</nowiki></ref>, and roughly 1 in every 45 adults is on the autism spectrum (Dietz et al., 2020)<ref>Dietz, P. M., Rose, C. E., McArthur, D., & Maenner, M. (2020). National and State Estimates of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(12), 4258–4266. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04494-4</nowiki></ref>.

===~~Bordergender~~===

~~[[File~~:~~bordergender~~.~~png~~|~~thumb~~|

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{poorly-attested identity}}
+<!--
+Sekhet's note on progress in this document:
+Reorganizing entries into sections by neurotype.
+Removing entries that cited no source, and/or were absent from the Gender Census.
+-->{{featured article}}
 {{infobox identity
-| name = Neurogender
 | flag = neurogender.png
 | meaning = The colored bars are to represent the spectrum of different neurotypes and gender identities that neurodivergent individuals have. The infinity symbol is to represent neurodiversity.
-| percentage = 0.10
+| umbrella = [[Nonbinary]]
-| gallery_link = :Category:Neurogender pride flags
+| frequency = 0.2%
 }}
-'''Neurogender''' is an umbrella term to describe when someone's gender is somehow linked to their neurotype, mental illness, or neurological conditions. There are many different neurogenders related to most, if not all, neurodivergencies. Not everyone who is neurodivergent has a neurogender, but each neurogender is exclusive to certain neurotypes. Oftentimes there are similar terms available to neurotypicals who have similar experiences and don't wish to appropriate.
+'''Neurogender''' (coined by Tumblr user Baaphomett in 2014, in a submission to the [[MOGAI-archive blog]])<ref name="baaphomett masterpost">Baaphomett. "Masterpost of genders coined by Baaphomett." ''Mogai-Archive.'' Original post where these were coined, which is lost: http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that post: https://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95720973644/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett Archive of that archive: https://archive.is/yULU0#selection-169.2-169.93</ref> means any self-identity in which a person feels that their gender identity is somehow linked to-- and best described in connection with-- their neurological type (neurotype), neurological conditions, neurodivergence, mental variation, or mental illness. One's neurotype affects many parts of one's life, including one's gender identity. Neurogenders are not defined in relationship to concepts of male and female, which puts it under the umbrellas of [[nonbinary]] gender and [[xenogender]]. There are many different neurogenders related to most, if not all, neurodivergencies. Not everyone who is neurodivergent sees themselves as having a neurogender. Some neurogenders are only for people with certain neurotypes.
-==List of Neurogenders==
+"Neurodivergent" is a general category for people whose neurological development and state are atypical, and it includes people who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, dyslexia, epilepsy, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or many other neurological conditions or mental illnesses. The word neurodivergent comes from the neurodiversity movement, which was started by autistic rights activists in the late 1990s. The neurodiversity movement seeks civil rights for neurodivergent people, and encourages seeing neurodivergence as a natural part of human diversity.<ref name="disabled world">"What Is: Neurodiversity, Neurodivergent, Neurotypical." ''Disabled World.'' Updated April 7, 2020.  https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/awareness/neurodiversity/ [unknown-error Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>
-There are many kinds of neurogenders, some of which are only for people with certain neurotypes. This list is in alphabetical order.
+In her book ''The Gender Creative Child'', psychologist Diane Ehrensaft wrote:
+{{quote|...when a child shows up with a co-occurrence of [[gender nonconformity]] and neuro-atypicality, we are meeting with gender ''and'' something else rather than gender as a symptom of something else. It might even be that the gender and the neurodiversity are part and parcel of the same thing.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Gender Creative Child|page=106|last=Ehrensaft|first=Diane|year=2016}}</ref>}}
-===Affectugender===
+In order to keep the wiki accurate to the lived experiences of neurodiverse and nonbinary people, identities should only be listed here if they cite from at least two separate external sources, showing:
-[[File:affectugender.png|thumb|Affectugender [[Flags|flag]] created by Kiloueka.<ref>http://pride-flags.deviantart.com/art/Affectugender-Pride-Flag-558150940</ref> The flag design was created to represent fluctuating moods (yellow (happy/manic) to blue (sad/depressed) and yellow to red (anger).]]
-'''Affectugender''' (coined by witchtao<ref>http://witchtree.tumblr.com/post/98848290913/affectugender</ref>) is defined as a gender that is affected by one’s neurodivergency especially fluctuating moods, e.g. feeling like a boy during depressive episodes and feeling more like a demigirl during happy/manic episodes. This is under the [[neurogender]] and [[xenogender]] umbrella categories of gender.
-'''Keywords:''' Depression, mood disorders, bipolar, BPD
+. origin (such as a source about how the term was coined, or at least history of the term's use), and
-{{Clear}}
+. evidence that the identity has actually been used as someone's own identity. Acceptable evidence includes presence in at least one Gender Census result, a news article, or published nonfiction book describing an actual person using it.
-===Anxiegender===
-'''[[Anxiegender]]:''' A gender affected by anxiety. '''Keywords:''' Anxiety
-===Autismgender===
+A design for a pride flag does not count toward origin or evidence of use. A personal blog written by the person who coined the term or claiming to use the term does not count toward evidence of use. A source citation of a web page counts if it is either a live link, or an archive of a dead link, but dead links by themselves are not acceptable.
-[[File:autigender.png|thumb|Autigender [[Flags|flag]] created by noitspronouncedgif.<ref>http://pride-flags-for-us.tumblr.com/post/123783742554/fascigender-and-autigender-flags-from-the-pride</ref>]]
-'''Autigender or Autismgender''' (coined by autismgender and esperancegirl) is defined as "autism as part or whole of gender identity; a gender that can only be understood in context of being autistic;" when your gender experience is influenced by or linked to your autism.
-Similar or related: [[Neurogender#Fascigender|fascigender]]
+==Neurogenders associated with autism==
-{{Clear}}
+Autism ("Autism Spectrum Disorder" in the DSM-V<ref>American Psychiatric Association. (2022). ''Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders'' (5th ed., text rev.). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787</nowiki></ref>) is a spectrum of highly variable neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychologists have three main criteria for autism: impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and repetitive behavior.<ref name=DSM5>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition | chapter = Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0) | editor = American Psychiatric Association | year = 2013 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing | pagex = 50–59}}</ref><ref name="Filipek">{{cite journal | vauthors = Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT, Cook EH, Dawson G, Gordon B, Gravel JS, Johnson CP, Kallen RJ, Levy SE, Minshew NJ, Ozonoff S, Prizant BM, Rapin I, Rogers SJ, Stone WL, Teplin S, Tuchman RF, Volkmar FR | s2cid = 145113684 | title = The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders | journal = J Autism Dev Disord | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–484 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10638459 | doi = 10.1023/A:1021943802493 }} This paper represents a consensus of representatives from nine professional and four parent organizations in the US.</ref><ref name="Geschwind-2009">{{cite journal | last = Geschwind | first = Daniel H | title = Advances in autism | journal = Annu Rev Med | volume = 60 | pages = 367–380 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19630577 | pmc = 3645857 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.121225}}</ref> Autistic people may be impaired in some respects, but average or better in others.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Pinel JP |title=Biopsychology |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston, Massachusetts |edition=8th |isbn=978-0-205-03099-6 |oclc=1085798897 |page=235 }}</ref> Autism lasts lifelong from birth; behavioral signs can be apparent as early as infancy,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rogers SJ | title = What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy? | journal = Autism Res | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–137 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19582867 | pmc = 2791538 | doi = 10.1002/aur.81}}</ref> and many adults and seniors are autistic.<ref name=Ste106>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steinhausen HC, Mohr Jensen C, Lauritsen MB | title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term overall outcome of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 133 | issue = 6 | pages = 445–452 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 26763353 | doi = 10.1111/acps.12559 }}</ref><ref name="Rapin">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rapin I, Tuchman RF | title = Autism: definition, neurobiology, screening, diagnosis | journal = Pediatric Clinics of North America | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | pages = 1129–1146, viii | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18929056 | doi = 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.07.005 }}</ref> The specific causes of autism are unknown, though there is thought to be a substantial genetic contribution).<ref name="Fractionable">{{cite journal|vauthors=Happé F, Ronald A |s2cid=13928876 |title=The 'fractionable autism triad': a review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research |journal=Neuropsychol Rev |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=287–304 |year=2008 |pmid=18956240 |doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8}}</ref><ref name="HappeTime">{{cite journal | vauthors = Happé F, Ronald A, Plomin R | title = Time to give up on a single explanation for autism | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 1218–1220 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17001340 | doi = 10.1038/nn1770 | doi-access = free}}</ref> Therapeutic goals are not to "cure" autistic neurotypes but to teach functional skills, reduce harmful behaviors, and enhance well-being.<ref name="CCD2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Myers SM, Johnson CP | title = Management of children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 120 | issue = 5 | pages = 1162–1182 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17967921 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 | url = https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/5/1162 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The autistic culture and autism rights movement includes those who argue that autism should be accepted as a natural part of the diversity of kinds of people.<ref name=Sil2008>{{cite journal |journal=BioSocieties |year=2008 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=325–341 |title=Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum | vauthors = Silverman C |s2cid=145379758 |doi=10.1017/S1745855208006236}}</ref><ref name=Frith2014>{{cite news |last=Frith |first=Uta | name-list-format = vanc |title=Autism – are we any closer to explaining the enigma? |url=https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma |work=The Psychologist (magazine) |publisher=British Psychological Society |date=October 2014 |volume=27 |pages=744–745|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315141155/https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In the 2000s, the number of autistic people was estimated at 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide.<ref name=News2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Daniels J, Giarelli E, Grether JK, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller LA, Pinto-Martin J, Reaven J, Reynolds AM, Rice CE, Schendel D, Windham GC | title = The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 28 | pages = 235–258 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17367287 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 }}</ref> Recent U.S. estimates suggest that approximately 1 in every 36 children is on the autism spectrum (Maenner et al., 2023)<ref>Maenner, M.J., Warren, Z., Williams, A.R., et al. (2023). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020. MMWR Surveill Summ; 72(No. SS-2):1–14. DOI: <nowiki>http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7202a1</nowiki></ref>, and roughly 1 in every 45 adults is on the autism spectrum (Dietz et al., 2020)<ref>Dietz, P. M., Rose, C. E., McArthur, D., & Maenner, M. (2020). National and State Estimates of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(12), 4258–4266. DOI: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04494-4</nowiki></ref>.
-===Bordergender===
-[[File:bordergender.png|thumb|