Pauli Murray

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Pauli Murray was a Black American civil rights activist, writer, and priest.

Pauli Murray

Date of birth	November 20, 1910
Place of birth	Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Date of death	July 1, 1985
Nationality	American

Early life and education

Pauli was the fourth of six children born to Agnes Fitzgerald and William Murray. Agnes passed away from a cerebral hemorrhage when Pauli was three, and Pauli was sent to live with their aunt and grandparents in Durham, North Carolina. When Pauli was aged six, William was committed to a psychiatric institution, and in 1922 William was beaten to death by one of the institution's white guards.

Murray was "a fantastic and energetic student" and graduated high school at age 15. They refused to consider attending the North Carolina College for Negroes because they did not like being segregated. They wanted to attend Columbia University, but the school did not admit people assigned female at birth. So instead, Murray went to Hunter College in New York City, which was an AFAB-only school at the time.

While attending Hunter College, Murray changed from using their birthname to the gender-neutral name Pauli, and began identifying as neither male nor female.

Murray later attempted to attend the University of North Carolina, but they were rejected for being Black. Consequently, they studied law at Howard University, graduating at the top of their class. However, Murray was denied entry to Harvard's Masters Degree program due to being assigned female at birth. Nevertheless, Murray eventually received a post-graduate degree at the University of California/Berkley with a concentration on equal rights for women.

Murray's writings regarding the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment were published in 1951 as States' Laws on Race and Color, a book that Thurgood Marshall called "The Bible for Civil Rights Lawyers".

Later life

In 1977, Murray left their legal career and was ordained as an Episcopalian priest, being the first Black person assigned female at birth to achieve this.

Pauli Murray died of pancreatic cancer on July 1, 1985, being aged 74.

Gender

Pauli wrote to their family and referred to themself as a "he/she personality". If Pauli was alive today, they might identify as nonbinary, genderqueer, or another gender variant term. Pauli did attempt multiple times to access gender transition care, including hormone therapy, but they were denied by gatekeepers.