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History of nonbinary gender/pt-br: Difference between revisions
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* In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference chose [[Two-Spirit]] as a better English umbrella term for some gender identities unique to Native American cultures, many of which can be considered as outside of the Western gender binary.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref> | * In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference chose [[Two-Spirit]] as a better English umbrella term for some gender identities unique to Native American cultures, many of which can be considered as outside of the Western gender binary.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref> | ||
* The 1990 Bisexual Manifesto published in bi zine "Anything That Moves" shows explicit support of nonbinary gender by stating "Do not assume that [[bisexuality]] is binary or duogamous in nature: that we have 'two' sides or that we must be involved simultaneously with both genders to be fulfilled human beings. In fact, don’t assume that there are only two genders."<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Anything That Moves Bisexual Manifesto |author= |work=BiNet USA's Blog |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=15 May 2020 |url= https://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html}}</ref> | * The 1990 Bisexual Manifesto published in bi zine "Anything That Moves" shows explicit support of nonbinary gender by stating "Do not assume that [[bisexuality]] is binary or duogamous in nature: that we have 'two' sides or that we must be involved simultaneously with both genders to be fulfilled human beings. In fact, don’t assume that there are only two genders."<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990 Anything That Moves Bisexual Manifesto |author= |work=BiNet USA's Blog |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=15 May 2020 |url=https://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519201628/http://binetusa.blogspot.com/2014/01/1990-bi-manifesto.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
* The term "[[Gender Queer]]" was defined in a 1990 book titled ''The Welcoming Congregation Handbook'' as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>; it can be surmised that the term "gender queer" was likely in use even before this publication recorded it. | * The term "[[Gender Queer]]" was defined in a 1990 book titled ''The Welcoming Congregation Handbook'' as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system"<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>; it can be surmised that the term "gender queer" was likely in use even before this publication recorded it. | ||
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* In 1998, an article from a transgender community on the Internet, ''[[Sphere]]'', used the words "queergendered" and "polygendered" interchangeably as umbrella terms for everyone whose gender was outside the gender binary, specifying that these included people who were "[[bigender|bi-gendered]], [[agender|non-gendered]], or [[third gender|third-gendered]]," explaining that some faced difficulty in seeking a gender-ambiguous physical transition.<ref>Danica Nuccitelli. "Polygender FAQ." ''Sphere.'' May 26, 1998. http://gender-sphere.0catch.com/polygenderfaq.htm</ref> | * In 1998, an article from a transgender community on the Internet, ''[[Sphere]]'', used the words "queergendered" and "polygendered" interchangeably as umbrella terms for everyone whose gender was outside the gender binary, specifying that these included people who were "[[bigender|bi-gendered]], [[agender|non-gendered]], or [[third gender|third-gendered]]," explaining that some faced difficulty in seeking a gender-ambiguous physical transition.<ref>Danica Nuccitelli. "Polygender FAQ." ''Sphere.'' May 26, 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20200204005048/http://gender-sphere.0catch.com/polygenderfaq.htm</ref> | ||
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* A newer version of the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-5, replaces the "gender identity disorder" diagnosis with "[[gender dysphoria]]," to lessen the pathologization of transgender people.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref> | * A newer version of the handbook of psychiatry, the DSM-5, replaces the "gender identity disorder" diagnosis with "[[gender dysphoria]]," to lessen the pathologization of transgender people.<ref>"History of transgenderism in the United States." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_transgenderism_in_the_United_States]</ref> | ||
* In September 2013, a nonbinary tumblr user by the handle "revolutionator" coins the term "enby" as a short for "nonbinary person" or "NB".<ref name="enby">{{Cite web |title=Queer Etymology: Enby |author= |work=Androgyne of the Archeart |date=16 December 2019 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url= https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/}}</ref> | * In September 2013, a nonbinary tumblr user by the handle "revolutionator" coins the term "enby" as a short for "nonbinary person" or "NB".<ref name="enby">{{Cite web |title=Queer Etymology: Enby |author= |work=Androgyne of the Archeart |date=16 December 2019 |access-date=13 June 2020 |url=https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |archive-date=13 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084020/https://blog.sixy.name/2019/12/16/queer-etymology-enby/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
* On November 4, 2013 in the US, 18-year-old Sasha Fleischman was assaulted for wearing gender nonconforming clothing. Sasha identifies as [[genderqueer]] and [[agender]], and goes by "they" pronouns. When they had fallen asleep on a public bus, a stranger lit Sasha's skirt on fire. Sasha survived, suffering second and third degree burns. In the following weeks, allies showed support by marching along that bus route, tying rainbow ribbons to poles, and writing letters. Several schools sponsored skirt-wearing days. The assailant was sentenced to seven years in juvenile detention.<ref>Dashka Slater, "The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland." ''The New York Times Magazine.'' February 1, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html</ref> The nonfiction book ''The 57 Bus'' explores the incident in detail.<ref>Slater, Dashka (October 17, 2017). ''The 57 Bus''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN 9780374303235.</ref> | * On November 4, 2013 in the US, 18-year-old Sasha Fleischman was assaulted for wearing gender nonconforming clothing. Sasha identifies as [[genderqueer]] and [[agender]], and goes by "they" pronouns. When they had fallen asleep on a public bus, a stranger lit Sasha's skirt on fire. Sasha survived, suffering second and third degree burns. In the following weeks, allies showed support by marching along that bus route, tying rainbow ribbons to poles, and writing letters. Several schools sponsored skirt-wearing days. The assailant was sentenced to seven years in juvenile detention.<ref>Dashka Slater, "The Fire on the 57 Bus in Oakland." ''The New York Times Magazine.'' February 1, 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/01/magazine/the-fire-on-the-57-bus-in-oakland.html</ref> The nonfiction book ''The 57 Bus'' explores the incident in detail.<ref>Slater, Dashka (October 17, 2017). ''The 57 Bus''. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR). ISBN 9780374303235.</ref> | ||
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