Gender neutral language in Dutch: Difference between revisions
→Official genderneutral pronouns or pronoun equivalents
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How to read the chosen fonts: | |||
Official; | |||
<u>official/prevalent in some language circles;</u> | |||
''synthetic.'' | |||
Sorted 1st-last based on most use to least popular. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Gender neutral pronouns in Dutch (all singular) | |+Gender neutral pronouns in Dutch (all singular) | ||
|Grammatical gender (subjective or direct reference) | |Grammatical gender (subjective or direct reference) | ||
|nom. | |nom. | ||
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|<u>die</u>, ''hen, ze'' | |<u>die</u>, ''hen, ze'' | ||
|diegene, ''hen, die'' | |diegene, ''hen, die'' | ||
|de<sup>1</sup>,diens, <u>hun</u> | |de<sup>1</sup>, diens, <u>hun</u> | ||
|van diegene'', van hen, het hunne'' | |van diegene'','' een eigen'', hun eigen, van hen, het hunne'' | ||
|zich | |zich | ||
|zichzelf | |zichzelf | ||
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!Objects, concepts and non-domestic animals (traditionally) | !Objects, concepts and non-domestic animals (traditionally) | ||
!it | !it | ||
!(for) it | |||
!its | !its | ||
!its own, for it | !its own, for it | ||
!~its | !~its | ||
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|hem, ''het'' | |hem, ''het'' | ||
|zijn, een<sup>2</sup> | |zijn, een<sup>2</sup> | ||
|zijn eigen, <u>hun eigen</u> | |zijn eigen, een eigen, <u>hun eigen</u> | ||
|zich, het, dat | |zich, het, dat | ||
|hetgeen, datgeen, hetzelf, zichzelf | |hetgeen, datgeen, hetzelf, zichzelf | ||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup>de (the) can be used to avoid pronoun use in casual ways, for example when the listener has neutralsceptic views; "Jan is ''de'' portemonnee vergeten" (Jan forgot ''the'' wallet). | <sup>1</sup>de (the), officially, can be used to avoid pronoun use in casual ways, for example when the listener has neutralsceptic views; "Jan is ''de'' portemonnee vergeten" (Jan forgot ''the'' wallet). | ||
<sup>2</sup>een (a or an) can be used in the same sense; singular "Friesland heeft een eigen taal" (Friesland has ''an'' own language); plural "Ieder gebouw heeft ''een'' eigen voorziening" (every building has ''an'' own provision) | <sup>2</sup>een (a or an), officially, can be used in the same sense; singular "Friesland heeft een eigen taal" (Friesland has ''an'' own language); plural "Ieder gebouw heeft ''een'' eigen voorziening" (every building has ''an'' own provision) | ||
==== '''Indirect or objective''' ==== | ==== '''Indirect or objective''' ==== | ||
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!Objects, concepts and non-domestic animals (traditionally) | !Objects, concepts and non-domestic animals (traditionally) | ||
!which | !which | ||
!which | !to which | ||
!of which | !of which | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|dat, die, dit, deze | |dat, wat die, dit, deze | ||
|wat, dat | |waaraan, wat, dat, aan wat | ||
|waarvan, <u>wiens, (plural wier) (personifying)</u> | |waarvan, <u>wiens, (plural wier) (personifying)</u> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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'''(een) ieder(s)''' > every person, everyone's lit. each/every/other (one) | '''(een) ieder(s)''' > every person, everyone's lit. each/every/other (one) | ||
'''eigen''' > own | '''eigen''' > own | ||
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'''zo een (zo'n)''' > such a (degredatory) | '''zo een (zo'n)''' > such a (degredatory) | ||
'''iemand''' > someone | |||
=== '''Not official, still very commonly used genderneutral pronouns''' === | === '''Not official, still very commonly used genderneutral pronouns''' === | ||