Bottom surgery: Difference between revisions
→Changes to the uterus: Added link to uterus transplant page and corrected the info blurb (It's not entirely "new" and not everyone who's had this operation became pregnant/gave birth afterward)
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'''Bottom surgery''', also called '''lower surgery''', is used in the [[transgender]] community to mean a variety of kinds of gender-validating [[surgery|surgeries]] and other procedures that can be done on the reproductive organs or genitals. This is as opposed to [[top surgery]], which is any kind of gender-validating done on the chest or breasts. | '''Bottom surgery''', also called '''lower surgery''', is used in the [[transgender]] community to mean a variety of kinds of gender-validating [[surgery|surgeries]] and other procedures that can be done on the reproductive organs or genitals. This is as opposed to [[top surgery]], which is any kind of gender-validating done on the chest or breasts. This article includes some procedures that are non-surgical procedures, or methods of body modification. Some nonbinary people call themselves [[transsexual]] and seek bottom surgery, whereas other nonbinary prefer to avoid this word, or prefer not to have surgery. A person doesn't need to have or want bottom surgery in order to be nonbinary. This is true for [[transgender]] people of all kinds. Bottom surgery is an option that a person can take on their [[transition]] path only if they personally want or need it. | ||
Some nonbinary people call themselves [[transsexual]] and seek bottom surgery, whereas other nonbinary prefer to avoid this word, or prefer not to have surgery. A person doesn't need to have or want bottom surgery in order to be nonbinary. This is true for [[transgender]] people of all kinds. Bottom surgery is an option that a person can take on their [[transition]] path only if they personally want or need it. | |||
==Bottom surgery and gender identity== | ==Bottom surgery and gender identity== | ||
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* '''Gonadectomy''', or '''castration'''. A kind of [[sterilization]]. Surgery to take away gonads of any kind. This makes it so the person's body can't make hormones any more, so the person needs to either take [[hormone therapy]] for the rest of their life, or take the health risks of having very low hormones. | * '''Gonadectomy''', or '''castration'''. A kind of [[sterilization]]. Surgery to take away gonads of any kind. This makes it so the person's body can't make hormones any more, so the person needs to either take [[hormone therapy]] for the rest of their life, or take the health risks of having very low hormones. | ||
* '''[[Orchiectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the testicles. For people on the male-to-female spectrum, they can want this because then their body no longer makes high levels of testosterone, and they don't have to take testosterone blocking medicine anymore. The patient can still get a vaginoplasty later. | * '''[[Orchiectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the testicles. For people on the male-to-female spectrum, they can want this because then their body no longer makes high levels of testosterone, and they don't have to take testosterone blocking medicine anymore. The patient can still get a vaginoplasty later. | ||
* '''Penectomy with orchiectomy'''. | * '''[[Emasculation|Penectomy with orchiectomy]]'''. Removing the penis as well as the testicles. | ||
* '''Oophorectomy'''. Surgery to take away the ovaries. For people on the female-to-male spectrum, this can be wanted because it makes pregnancy impossible, but they don't need to do it for hormone balance reasons, which in their case don't call for it. An oophorectomy is usually only done as part of a hysterectomy, or to prevent or treat disease. | * '''[[Oophorectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the ovaries. For people on the female-to-male spectrum, this can be wanted because it makes pregnancy impossible, but they don't need to do it for hormone balance reasons, which in their case don't call for it. An oophorectomy is usually only done as part of a hysterectomy, or to prevent or treat disease. | ||
* Testicle implants. Surgically putting artificial testicles into the scrotum. These are just for look and feel, and don't make hormones. | * Testicle implants. Surgically putting artificial testicles into the scrotum. These are just for look and feel, and don't make hormones. | ||
* '''[[Scrotoplasty]]'''. Surgery to create a scrotum, and put artificial testicles into it. | * '''[[Scrotoplasty]]'''. Surgery to create a scrotum, and put artificial testicles into it. | ||
* '''Vasectomy'''. For people with testicles, this operation sterilizes them (makes it impossible for them to get others pregnant). It doesn't change their hormone balance or other sexual functions. This can be an alternative to orchiectomy for nonbinary people whose only concern about their testicles is that they feel gender dysphoric about the possibility of getting others pregnant. | * '''[[Vasectomy]]'''. For people with testicles, this operation sterilizes them (makes it impossible for them to get others pregnant). It doesn't change their hormone balance or other sexual functions. This can be an alternative to orchiectomy for nonbinary people whose only concern about their testicles is that they feel gender dysphoric about the possibility of getting others pregnant. | ||
==Changes to the phallus== | ==Changes to the phallus== | ||
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On this page, "phallus" means the erectile organ called the clitoris or the penis. This section is about creating, removing, or otherwise changing a person's phallus. Depending on what kind of body they started out with, a person can have one or more kinds of these surgeries, if there is something they want or need to change about their phallus. | On this page, "phallus" means the erectile organ called the clitoris or the penis. This section is about creating, removing, or otherwise changing a person's phallus. Depending on what kind of body they started out with, a person can have one or more kinds of these surgeries, if there is something they want or need to change about their phallus. | ||
* '''Penectomy'''. Surgery to take away the penis. | * '''[[Penectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the penis. | ||
* '''Penectomy with orchiectomy'''. | * '''[[Emasculation|Penectomy with orchiectomy]]'''. Removing the penis as well as the testicles. | ||
* '''[[Metoidioplasty]]'''. For people with certain kinds of phallus (called either a large clitoris or small penis), this surgery frees the phallus and pulls it outward, making its external size larger, so that it can be easier to use for penetrative sex. If this surgery doesn't involve urethral lengthening, the urethra stays where it was before, which might not be on the phallus. If the patient has a vagina (orifice), this also stays where it was. | * '''[[Metoidioplasty]]'''. For people with certain kinds of phallus (called either a large clitoris or small penis), this surgery frees the phallus and pulls it outward, making its external size larger, so that it can be easier to use for penetrative sex. If this surgery doesn't involve urethral lengthening, the urethra stays where it was before, which might not be on the phallus. If the patient has a vagina (orifice), this also stays where it was. | ||
* '''Metoidioplasty with [[scrotoplasty]]'''. | * '''Metoidioplasty with [[scrotoplasty]]'''. This makes the clitoris more like a phallus, and also creates a scrotum. | ||
* '''[[Pumping]]'''. Not surgery, but a body modification. This practice uses vacuum suction to stretch the phallus and make it larger. Normally this is temporary, but if done on a regular basis, it has long-term or possibly permanent effects toward making the phallus larger. For people who were assigned a [[female]] gender at birth, pumping can make it possible or easier to use their phallus for penetrative sex. | * '''[[Pumping]]'''. Not surgery, but a body modification. This practice uses vacuum suction to stretch the phallus and make it larger. Normally this is temporary, but if done on a regular basis, it has long-term or possibly permanent effects toward making the phallus larger. For people who were assigned a [[female]] gender at birth, pumping can make it possible or easier to use their phallus for penetrative sex. | ||
* '''[[Phalloplasty]]'''. Surgery to create a penis by using tissues from other parts of the body, usually skin from the arms or legs. With the addition of a prosthesis inside the penis so that it can become erect, a penis created by phalloplasty can be larger than one created by metoidioplasty. This may or may not involve urethral lengthening. | * '''[[Phalloplasty]]'''. Surgery to create a penis by using tissues from other parts of the body, usually skin from the arms or legs. With the addition of a prosthesis inside the penis so that it can become erect, a penis created by phalloplasty can be larger than one created by metoidioplasty. This may or may not involve urethral lengthening. | ||
* '''Urethral lengthening'''. For people whose urethra (pee hole) was not located on the end of their phallus, surgery to move the urethra to the end of the phallus. This can optionally be done as part of a metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. Today, the extra piece of urethra tube is made from tissue from another part of the patient's body. In the future, it will be made from lab-grown tissue instead. | * '''[[Urethral lengthening]]'''. For people whose urethra (pee hole) was not located on the end of their phallus, surgery to move the urethra to the end of the phallus. This can optionally be done as part of a metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. Today, the extra piece of urethra tube is made from tissue from another part of the patient's body. In the future, it will be made from lab-grown tissue instead. | ||
* '''Penis transplant'''. There have been some successful experiments with this in animals and humans. It could become available to trans people in the future. | * '''[[Penis transplant]]'''. There have been some successful experiments with this in animals and humans. It could become available to trans people in the future. | ||
* '''Genital beading, pearling''', and '''penis ribs'''. These are body modifications that implant materials under the skin of the penis, so that it has raised textures or a different shape. | * '''Genital beading, pearling''', and '''penis ribs'''. These are body modifications that implant materials under the skin of the penis, so that it has raised textures or a different shape. | ||
* '''Circumcision''' (if on a penis), or '''clitoral hood reduction''' (if on a clitoris). Takes away some or all of the prepuce, permanently exposing the glans. If a person has been circumcised, one option to reverse it is foreskin restoration, which stretches nearby skin to create a new foreskin, to some degree. | * '''Circumcision''' (if on a penis), or '''clitoral hood reduction''' (if on a clitoris). Takes away some or all of the prepuce, permanently exposing the glans. If a person has been circumcised, one option to reverse it is foreskin restoration, which stretches nearby skin to create a new foreskin, to some degree. | ||
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* One form of labiaplasty is surgery to take away the labia minora and/or majora. This can be part of [[genital nullification]]. | * One form of labiaplasty is surgery to take away the labia minora and/or majora. This can be part of [[genital nullification]]. | ||
* One form of labiaplasty is surgery to create labia as part of doing a vaginoplasty (surgery to create a vagina). | * One form of labiaplasty is surgery to create labia as part of doing a [[vaginoplasty]] (surgery to create a vagina). | ||
* One form of labiaplasty is surgery to create | * One form of labiaplasty is surgery to create labia and the other parts of the vulva, but without vaginoplasty, so there are external genitals, but no orifice. Also called a [[vulvoplasty]] or minimum depth vaginoplasty. | ||
* Labia stretching. Not surgery, but a body modification practice that uses weights or methods of pulling over a long period of time to make the labia minora longer. | * Labia stretching. Not surgery, but a body modification practice that uses weights or methods of pulling over a long period of time to make the labia minora longer. | ||
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In addition to the uterus, this section also deals with some parts connected to the uterus: the fallopian tubes and cervix. Depending on what kind of body they started out with, a person can have one or more kinds of these surgeries, if there is something they want or need to change about their uterus. | In addition to the uterus, this section also deals with some parts connected to the uterus: the fallopian tubes and cervix. Depending on what kind of body they started out with, a person can have one or more kinds of these surgeries, if there is something they want or need to change about their uterus. | ||
* '''Uterus transplant'''. A few people have been given a uterus by transplant. | * '''[[Uterus transplant]]'''. A few people have been given a uterus by transplant. Some of those people were afterward able to gestate and give birth to healthy babies. The uterus had to then be removed, because it needed dangerous medicine to keep the body from rejecting the organ. This operation isn't available to transgender people currently. | ||
* '''[[Hysterectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the uterus, and sometimes other parts of the reproductive system, depending on the specific kind of hysterectomy. | * '''[[Hysterectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the uterus, and sometimes other parts of the reproductive system, depending on the specific kind of hysterectomy. | ||
* '''Hysterectomy without oophorectomy'''. Surgery to take away the uterus (and perhaps other parts of the reproductive organs, but without removing the gonads (ovaries), so the patient's body can still make hormones. | * '''Hysterectomy without [[oophorectomy]]'''. Surgery to take away the uterus (and perhaps other parts of the reproductive organs, but without removing the gonads (ovaries), so the patient's body can still make hormones. | ||
* '''Hysterectomy with [[vaginectomy]]'''. See elsewhere on this page. | * '''Hysterectomy with [[vaginectomy]]'''. See elsewhere on this page. | ||
* '''[[Tubal ligation]]'''. A form of sterilization. For people with a uterus, this operation is meant to make it virtually impossible for them to get pregnant. For nonbinary people whose only concern about their uterus is that a risk of pregnancy gives them gender dysphoria, this is an alternative to removing the uterus. This operation has no effect on the menstrual flow, cycle, or hormone balance. | * '''[[Tubal ligation]]'''. A form of sterilization. For people with a uterus, this operation is meant to make it virtually impossible for them to get pregnant. For nonbinary people whose only concern about their uterus is that a risk of pregnancy gives them gender dysphoria, this is an alternative to removing the uterus. This operation has no effect on the menstrual flow, cycle, or hormone balance. | ||
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These surgeries make a combination of changes to several areas of the reproductive organs and genitals. | These surgeries make a combination of changes to several areas of the reproductive organs and genitals. | ||
* '''Penectomy with orchiectomy''', called '''[[emasculation]]'''. Surgery to take away the penis and testicles, without trying to make the genital area like that of a person who was assigned a [[female]] gender at birth. The result is a relatively featureless groin. Before the invention of vaginoplasty, this was the main surgery done on trans women and analogous [[gender-variant identities worldwide]]. Some such individuals still prefer this surgery, such as [[hijra]]. | * '''Penectomy with orchiectomy''', called '''[[emasculation]]'''. Surgery to take away the penis and testicles, without trying to make the genital area like that of a person who was assigned a [[female]] gender at birth. The result is a relatively featureless groin. Before the invention of vaginoplasty, this was the main surgery done on trans women and analogous [[gender-variant identities worldwide]]. Some such individuals still prefer this surgery, such as [[hijra]], because it is a traditional part of their gender expression outside the Western [[gender binary]]. Emasculation reduces a person's options for methods for getting a vaginoplasty later, because one of the most popular options uses tissue from the penis, but it can still be done. | ||
* '''Metoidioplasty with [[scrotoplasty]]'''. Surgical creation of a penis and balls, without changing the vagina, if the patient had one. Some such patients choose to get a vaginectomy in another operation, if the patient wants. Other patients are content to have a penis, balls, and vagina at the same time | * '''Metoidioplasty with [[scrotoplasty]]'''. Surgical creation of a penis and balls, without changing the vagina, if the patient had one. Some such patients choose to get a vaginectomy in another operation, if the patient wants. Other patients are content to have a penis, balls, and vagina at the same time. | ||
* '''[[Genital nullification]]'''. This can mean a variety of different surgeries, depending on what the person's body was like to begin with, to take away most or all of their reproductive organs and genitals. Some nonbinary people seek this in order to be | * '''[[Genital nullification]]'''. This can mean a variety of different surgeries, depending on what the person's body was like to begin with, to take away most or all of their reproductive organs and genitals. Some nonbinary people seek this in order to be sexless. However, one need not have genital nullification in order to be genderless, because gender identity is different than physical sex. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||