Pronouns: Difference between revisions
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==German neutral pronouns== | ==German neutral pronouns== | ||
People have proposed these neutral pronouns | People have proposed and are using these neutral pronouns in the German language (Deutsch): | ||
''' | === Solutions without neopronouns === | ||
'''er*'''.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> he*. | |||
'''er + feminine noun endings.'''<ref name=":0">Pronomen. ''Nichtbinär-Wiki.'' Accessed August 15, 2017. [http://de.nichtbinaer.wikia.com/wiki/Pronomen#Vorname http://de.nichtbinaer.wikia.com/wiki/Pronomen]</ref> | |||
'''es'''. This means "it," and isn't usually used for people. Only use this pronoun for people who ask to be called by it. Some nonbinary people do reclaim it for themselves.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /><ref>''Transgender teen survival guide'' (blog). http://transgenderteensurvivalguide.tumblr.com/post/109131545635/are-there-any-gender-neutral-pronouns-in-german</ref> | |||
'''sie'''. When this pronoun is used for a single person, it usually means "she." However, it also means "plural they," so some people use it as a neutral pronoun.<ref>''Transgender teen survival guide'' (blog). http://transgenderteensurvivalguide.tumblr.com/post/109131545635/are-there-any-gender-neutral-pronouns-in-german</ref> | |||
'''sie*'''.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> she*. | |||
'''sie + masculine noun endings.'''<ref name=":0" /> | |||
'''Using only the name instead of a pronoun.'''<ref name=":0" /> | |||
''' | '''Alternating between he and she.''' | ||
''' | === Neopronouns === | ||
'''A.'''<ref>Die Sache mit den Pronomen. ''Hirngefickt.'' January 3, 2016.https://hirngefickt.wordpress.com/2016/01/03/die-sache-mit-den-pronomen-2/</ref> First mention by a person who's name starts with A. | |||
''' | '''as.'''<ref name=":0" /> Based on ''es'' (it), vowel changed to mark difference between things and people. | ||
''' | '''dey.'''<ref>Anonymous ask on ''Nonbinary Trans Germany: Trans in Deutschland''. August 10, 2016. http://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal</ref> Based on they, changed to be more easily pronounceable in German. | ||
''' | '''em'''. | ||
''' | '''er_sie'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />''', ersie, er:sie, er*sie.'''<ref name=":0" /> From ''er'' (he) and ''sie'' (she). | ||
''' | '''hän'''.<ref>''High on Clichés'' [https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/]</ref> | ||
''' | '''hen.'''<ref name=":0" /><ref>About. ''Fliederfuchs.'' Accessed August 15, 2017.http://fliederfuchs.tumblr.com/about</ref> | ||
''' | '''iks.'''<ref name=":0" /> Version of ''x''. | ||
''' | '''k.'''<ref>Comment by Pennyroyal Tea on a post by Ash B. https://www.facebook.com/hirngefickt/posts/1689898591228038?comment_id=1689923207892243&comment_tracking={%22tn%22%3A%22R4%22}</ref> | ||
''' | '''nin'''.<ref>Cabala de Sylvain & Carsten Balzer, "Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen – Versuch einer „geschlechtergerechten“ | ||
Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache." ''Liminalis''. [http://www.liminalis.de/2008_02/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf]</ref> | |||
''' | '''per'''.<ref>"Namensgebung? Pronomen? Nicht-binärer Name!" ''nibiTrans*ich'' (blog). http://nibitransich.blogspot.de/2015/06/namensgebung-non-binarer-name.html</ref> | ||
'''si*er''' | '''sier,''' '''sie_er, sie_r, si_er'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />, '''si*er, si:er,'''<ref name="annaheger zine">https://annaheger.wordpress.com/pronomen/zine/</ref> '''sier*'''<ref name=":0" />'''.''' From ''sie'' (she) and ''er'' (he). | ||
''' | '''sif'''.<ref name="annaheger zine" /> | ||
''' | '''they.'''<ref>Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache | Gender-neutral language. ''Nonbinary Trans Germany: Trans in Deutschland.'' http://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/language</ref> Used just like in English. | ||
''' | '''x'''.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> Has been criticised for being racist when used by white people.<ref>"Warum das x-Pronomen mir Bauchschmerzen bereitet" ''Tea-Riffic'' (blog). [http://teariffic.de/2015/02/18/warum-das-x-pronomen-mir-bauchschmerzen-bereitet/]</ref> | ||
''' | '''xier/xies/xiem/xien/dier'''. For a person of any gender. Xier, instead of she, he or it, pronounced [ksi:ɐ̯]; xies/xiese/xieser…, a possessive pronoun instead of ''ihr'' and ''sein''; and dier, an article and relative pronoun, instead of ''die'' and ''der'', pronounced [ksi:zɐ], and [di:ɐ̯]. <ref name="annaheger zine" /> <ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> <ref name="annaheger zine" /> <ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
''' | '''z, zet.'''<ref>@pandanouk. September 5, 2016. https://twitter.com/pandanouk/status/772895165551874049</ref> | ||
For examples of how to use | For examples of how to use many of these, go [http://de.nichtbinaer.wikia.com/wiki/Pronomen here]. | ||
==Portuguese neutral pronouns== | ==Portuguese neutral pronouns== | ||