Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions

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Gender neutral language in Swedish (edit)

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→‎<translate> Other family, relationship and people words</translate>

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 * Using gender-neutral pronouns: ''Hen'' instead of ''han'' (he) or ''hon'' (she).
 * Choosing inclusive nouns: ''Vuxen'' (adult) instead of ''man'' (man) or ''kvinna'' (woman).
-* Reforming job titles: ''Brandbekämpare'' (firefighter) instead of ''brandman'' (literally “fireman”), and ''sjukskötare'' (caregiver/nurse) instead of ''sjuksköterska'' (traditionally “female nurse”).<!--T:151-->
+* Reforming job titles: ''Brandbekämpare'' (firefighter) instead of ''brandman'' (literally “fireman”), and ''sjukskötare'' (caregiver/nurse) instead of ''sjuksköterska'' (traditionally specifically “female nurse”).<!--T:151-->
 === Why Gender-Neutral Language Matters ===
-The goal of gender-neutral language is to foster equality and inclusion for all individuals, regardless of gender. It helps reduce the risk of misgendering, which can cause discomfort or distress – particularly for people who experience gender dysphoria or who do not identify within the traditional gender binary.
+The goal of gender-neutral language is to foster equality and inclusion for all individuals, regardless of gender. It helps reduce the risk of misgendering, which can cause discomfort or distress – particularly for people who experience gender dysphoria or those who do not identify within the traditional gender binary.
-Gender-neutral language is not only a useful and necessar grammatical tool but also a social one. It is especially important in contexts where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. By adopting inclusive language, we create environments that respect and acknowledge everyone.<!--T:147-->
+Gender-neutral language is not only a useful and necessary grammatical tool, but also a social one. It is especially important in contexts where gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. By adopting inclusive language, we create environments that respect and acknowledge everyone.<!--T:147-->
 === History ===
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 ==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>==
 ===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>===
-<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people. Singular de/dem/deras[https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen] (they/them/their) can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not commonly recognized or documented for being able to do so. If de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well (with regards to it not being common practice). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins [https://svenska.se/so/?id=130633][https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin][https://www.mjolby.se/uppleva-och-gora/fritidsgardar/queerious/ordlista---queerious][https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen], which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
+<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. 'na and 'an are a shortened, dialectal or old accusative forms of the feminine Swedish pronouns "hon" and the masculine Swedish pronouns "han", 'en could be used for "hen" is a similar way if one uses it in a way that sounds natural. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people. Singular de/dem/deras[https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen] (they/them/their) can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not commonly recognized or documented for being able to do so. If de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well (with regards to it not being common practice). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins [https://svenska.se/so/?id=130633][https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin][https://www.mjolby.se/uppleva-och-gora/fritidsgardar/queerious/ordlista---queerious][https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen], which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate>
 {| class="wikitable"
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 *'''Päron.''' Neutral, slang/standard. Means “one's folk(s)” in plural and can be used as an alternative to "farsa" (pop/pops) and "morsa" (mum/ma).
 *'''Älder.''' Neutral, formal, nonstandard, little use. An abbreviation of förälder.[https://folkmun.se/definition/%C3%84lder][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/]
-*'''Nälder.''' Specifically non-binary, nonstandard. Means non-binary parent, combination of "älder/förälder" and the "n" from "enby/NB/non-binary".
 *'''Förre.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Förre is a simplification of the word förälder. It provides a parental alternative that can be used to refer to a parent completely gender-neutral.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rre]
 *'''Föffe.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Föffe is a simplification of the word förälder. It provides a parental alternative that can be used to refer to a parent completely gender-neutral. Föffe is also a good alternativ to the words matte (female pet-owner) and husse (male pet-owner).[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6ffe]
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 *'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, would sound weird in conversation. "Telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young child agewise.
 * '''Äldsta/förstfödda, mellan-/andra-/trejde-/fjärde-/... födda, yngsta/sistfödda.''' Neutral. Means oldest/first-born, middle-/second-/third-/fourth-/...-born and youngest/last-born. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child in a gender-neutral way but also as to not necesserily specify them being a young child agewise.
-* '''Nesser.''' Specifically non-binary, nonstandard English neo-loanword. Means non-binary child/descendent, based on "en" from "enby/NB/non-binary".
 '''Kompis/vän, (klass)kamrat.''' Neutral, standard. Means "friend" and (class)mate, these can be used when talking to children about other children/classmates instead of saying "boys and/or girls".
 </translate>
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 *'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s).
 *'''Sysk, sysse, sib/sibb'''. Neutral, nonstandard. Abbreviated slang forms of syskon/sibling that can be used as alternatives to "brorsa" (bro) and "syrra" (sis).
-*'''Tvilling, enäggstvilling, tvåäggstvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin/one-egg twins/two-eggs twins, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet.
+*'''Tvilling, enäggstvilling, tvåäggstvilling, trilling, fyrling, femling, flerling'''[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_0663-0283.pbKY-0074]'''/flerbörssyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means twin, one-egg twin, two-eggs twin, triplet, quadruplet, quintuplet, multiple/multiple birth sibling.
 * '''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s).
 * '''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s).
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 *'''Syskondotter.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means niece/sibling’s daughter.
 *'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means nephew/sibling’s son.
-*'''Enner.''' Specifically non-binary, nonstandard. Means non-binary sibling, based on "en" from "enby/NB/non-binary" and English's neo-word for non-binary sibling, "emmer".
 *'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin.
 *'''Föräldrakusin/förkusin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrakusin will be understood, förkusin has little use. Means parent's cousin.[https://folkmun.se/][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/?]
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 *'''Respektive.''' Neutral. Means respective/significant other.
 *'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
-''Enbyvän.''' Nonstandard, means "enbyfriend" and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
+*'''Enbyvän.''' Nonstandard, means "enbyfriend" and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend).
 *'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed.
 *'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance.
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 * '''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively)
 *'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person.
-*'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/(gott) folk. Damer, herrar och icke-binära.''' Neutral, inclusive, standard. Gender-inclusive alternatives to “ladies & gentlemen”.
+*'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/läsare/lyssnare/tittare/(gott) folk. Damer, herrar och icke-binära.''' Neutral, inclusive, standard. Gender-inclusive alternatives to “ladies & gentlemen”.
 *'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggledare/äggceller/livmoder (uterus/kved)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsfertila, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.'''
 ...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/oviducts/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, pregnancy-fertile, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair...