Gender variance in spirituality: Difference between revisions
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Gender variant figures in Zuni traditions: | Gender variant figures in Zuni traditions: | ||
* '''Awonawilona''', "a deity both male and female" who began the creation process of the universe by forming clouds and water from their breath.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The "Middle" Gender in Zuni Religion |last=Adams |first=Lili |work=Owlcation |date=11 April 2018 |access-date=1 November 2021 |url= https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/The-Middle-Gender-in-Zuni-Religion}}</ref> | * '''Awonawilona''', "a deity both male and female" who began the creation process of the universe by forming clouds and water from their breath.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The "Middle" Gender in Zuni Religion |last=Adams |first=Lili |work=Owlcation |date=11 April 2018 |access-date=1 November 2021 |url= https://owlcation.com/social-sciences/The-Middle-Gender-in-Zuni-Religion}}</ref> | ||
* '''He'e''', a male kachina who wore feminine clothing. He defended his pueblo while wearing a mixture of men's and women's [[clothing]], with one side of his hair dressed in the women's style. | * '''He'e''', a male kachina who wore feminine clothing. He defended his pueblo while wearing a mixture of men's and women's [[clothing]], with one side of his hair dressed in the women's style.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Ko'lhamana''', a Zuni [[Two-Spirit]] kachina who peacefully mediates between different groups of people. | * '''Ko'lhamana''', a Zuni [[Two-Spirit]] kachina who peacefully mediates between different groups of people.{{citation needed}} | ||
=== Diné (Navajo) === | === Diné (Navajo) === | ||
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Figures in Diné (Navajo) traditions: | Figures in Diné (Navajo) traditions: | ||
Note that Navajo traditions include a [[third gender]] role, called ''nadle'' (''Nádleeh''), which includes people who are intersex, as well as people in the transgender spectrum. | Note that Navajo traditions include a [[third gender]] role, called ''nadle'' (''Nádleeh''), which includes people who are intersex, as well as people in the transgender spectrum. | ||
* '''Changing Woman''' (Ahsonnutli, Estsanatlehi, Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé) a Diné Two-Spirit deity. She changes to a different age with each season. In the creation epic, she gives birth to heroic twins, fathered by the Sun, who she marries. | * '''Changing Woman''' (Ahsonnutli, Estsanatlehi, Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé) a Diné Two-Spirit deity. She changes to a different age with each season. In the creation epic, she gives birth to heroic twins, fathered by the Sun, who she marries.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Turquoise Boy''' (Ashton nutli, Ashton nadle) a two-spirit person, specifically a feminine man (or in some versions intersex), in the creation story (Diné Bahaneʼ). He helped the people escape the great flood. Later, Turquoise Boy became the sun (Jóhonaaʼéí, The One Who Rules the Day), and then he fathers children with Changing Woman, and marries her. In a different story, Turquoise Boy is instead the child of Changing Woman and the Sun; Changing Woman created him as the first two-spirit person because she couldn't decide whether she wanted a son or a daughter, and decided to make a child who was both. | * '''Turquoise Boy''' (Ashton nutli, Ashton nadle) a two-spirit person, specifically a feminine man (or in some versions intersex), in the creation story (Diné Bahaneʼ). He helped the people escape the great flood. Later, Turquoise Boy became the sun (Jóhonaaʼéí, The One Who Rules the Day), and then he fathers children with Changing Woman, and marries her. In a different story, Turquoise Boy is instead the child of Changing Woman and the Sun; Changing Woman created him as the first two-spirit person because she couldn't decide whether she wanted a son or a daughter, and decided to make a child who was both.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''White Shell Girl''', a two-spirit person, in this case a masculine woman, in the creation story who helped Turquoise Boy save the people from the flood. She later became the moon (Tłʼéhonaaʼéí, The One Who Rules the Night). | * '''White Shell Girl''', a two-spirit person, in this case a masculine woman, in the creation story who helped Turquoise Boy save the people from the flood. She later became the moon (Tłʼéhonaaʼéí, The One Who Rules the Night).{{citation needed}} | ||
=== Nahua === | === Nahua === | ||
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[[File:Huehuecoyotl.jpg|thumb|200px|The Nahua god Huehuecoyotl, in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis (16th century).]] | [[File:Huehuecoyotl.jpg|thumb|200px|The Nahua god Huehuecoyotl, in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis (16th century).]] | ||
Figures in Nahua traditions: | Figures in Nahua traditions: | ||
* '''Huehuecoyotl''', an Aztec trickster god who was usually male but sometimes female | * '''Huehuecoyotl''', an Aztec trickster god who was usually male but sometimes female{{citation needed}} | ||
=== Other Native American spiritualities === | === Other Native American spiritualities === | ||
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Figures in traditions of other Native peoples of North America: | Figures in traditions of other Native peoples of North America: | ||
* '''Coyote''', usually male, but changes sex in some stories. | * '''Coyote''', usually male, but changes sex in some stories.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Double Woman''', in Lakota tradition, appears in a young man's dreams holding out women's tools, and if the dreamer takes these, the dreamer accepts the trans feminine gender role of winkte, meaning "would become woman."<ref>Walter Williams, ''spirit and the flesh'', p.28</ref> | * '''Double Woman''', in Lakota tradition, appears in a young man's dreams holding out women's tools, and if the dreamer takes these, the dreamer accepts the trans feminine gender role of winkte, meaning "would become woman."<ref>Walter Williams, ''spirit and the flesh'', p.28</ref> | ||
* '''Frog Earrings''' (Toad Earrings), a female spirit in Mandan tradition who appears in people's dreams to tell them to adopt a different gender role. | * '''Frog Earrings''' (Toad Earrings), a female spirit in Mandan tradition who appears in people's dreams to tell them to adopt a different gender role.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Red Woman''' (Hicicawia) a spirit in Crow tradition who created two-spirit people. | * '''Red Woman''' (Hicicawia) a spirit in Crow tradition who created two-spirit people.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Holy Women''', in Hidatsa tradition, appear in people's dreams to tell them to adopt a different gender role. | * '''Holy Women''', in Hidatsa tradition, appear in people's dreams to tell them to adopt a different gender role.{{citation needed}} | ||
* '''Moon deity''', in Omaha tradition, is said to appear in a young person's vision quest or dreams, holding out men's tools in one hand, and women's tools in the other. Which one the dreamer grasps for will determine the dreamer's gender role. For this reason, the Omaha word for a two-spirit person is mexoga, meaning "instructed by the moon." "This type of vision, conferring high status because of instruction from the Moon spirit, was also reported ... among the Winnebagos, Lakotas, Assiniboine, Pawnees, Mandans, and Hidatsas"<ref>walter williams, spirit and the flesh, p. 29.</ref> | * '''Moon deity''', in Omaha tradition, is said to appear in a young person's vision quest or dreams, holding out men's tools in one hand, and women's tools in the other. Which one the dreamer grasps for will determine the dreamer's gender role. For this reason, the Omaha word for a two-spirit person is mexoga, meaning "instructed by the moon." "This type of vision, conferring high status because of instruction from the Moon spirit, was also reported ... among the Winnebagos, Lakotas, Assiniboine, Pawnees, Mandans, and Hidatsas"<ref>walter williams, spirit and the flesh, p. 29.</ref> | ||
* '''Nih'a'ca''', in Arapaho mythology, was the first person who was two-spirit (haxu'xan). Nih'a'ca is a trans feminine trickster who married the mountain lion.<ref>Bruce Bagemihi, Biological Exuberance, unpaged </ref> | * '''Nih'a'ca''', in Arapaho mythology, was the first person who was two-spirit (haxu'xan). Nih'a'ca is a trans feminine trickster who married the mountain lion.<ref>Bruce Bagemihi, Biological Exuberance, unpaged</ref> | ||
==Asia== | ==Asia== | ||