Gender neutral language in German

Ich{{see also|Glossary of German gender and sex terminology}}

{{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}}

{{Template:Gender neutral language}}

'''Gender neutral language in German''' is more difficult than [[gender neutral language]] (also called gender inclusive language) in some languages, because German's grammatical gender is pervasive. See the main article on [[gender neutral language]] for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for [[nonbinary]] people.

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=== Nouns, Adjectives etc. ===

See also: [https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache] at Nichtbinär-Wiki

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'''Asterisk, Underscore, Punctuation'''

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Pronounced as a pause or glottal stop. In between "feminine" and "masculine" ending, the most common version:

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* mein_e beste*r Freund:in

Either after the stem - or more realistically at the next best place that has nothing to do with feminine/masculine forms but makes sense for pronunciation:

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* mei:ne bes_ter Freun*din

At random places:

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* mei*ne best:er Freundi_n

Can be used consistently or mixed up like in the example above.

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'''X<ref> http://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel2/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230226234302/https://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel2/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''

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Pronounced like iks.<ref>http://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel4/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230331104857/https://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel4/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>

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* meinx bestx Freundx

(or e.g. Befreunx to avoid basing it on the masculine form) Or write it as -iks.

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* meiniks bestiks Freundiks

'''-ir, -on <ref>https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter</ref> and -chen Forms.'''

* Chirurgon

* Doktoron

* Freundir

* Partchen

* Partnir

* Witwon

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'''Shortened Words and Nonsense Forms <ref>http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber [https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230553/https://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''

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Fairly well known -i words:

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* der_die Studi, dix Touri

New words by the same pattern:

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* dier Mitbewohni, der*die Kollegi

Use the short -i forms or make up new endings and treat the word as neutrum.

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* mein bestes Freundi

* mein liebes Mitbewohnsi

Use -mensch, -menschi, -person:

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* das Postmenschi

* meine Liebhabperson

* der liebe Katzenbetreu-Mensch

Or just random words that you think are cute.

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* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.

​

=== Pronouns ===

''See main article at [[Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns]].''

====== dey ======

Suggested by Riley Alexis in August 2016,<ref>Riley Alexis (2024): ''agenderbee.'' Online at:https://www.instagram.com/p/CZgOS9VqGWH/?igsh=MWs1eDVtYjRxMm9weA== (retrieved 21.03.2024).</ref> the "dey"-pronoun seems to be the most widespread nowadays. German translation of ''Starfield'' vom Bethesda Games Studios uses 'dey'/'demm' pronouns to refer to nonbinary protagonists. Some German speaking influencers use them as their pronouns (cf. @kai.isaiah_jamal) and so do other numerous Instagram users (i. e. search for the key words 'dey/dem' in the Instagram search engine). As for series, ''Star Treck Discovery'' uses 'dey' pronouns for their nonbinary/genderless characters.<ref name=":2">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Darunter und darüber — "they" Pronomen in Filmen/Serien Deutsch übersetzen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/darunterdarueber/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>

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====== sier ======

Ravna Marin Siever, author of the book ''Was wird es denn? Ein Kind! Wie geschlechtsoffene Erziehung gelingt'', uses pronouns from the sier-paradigm for people to refer to them. Several books use 'sier' pronouns.<ref name=":4">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''DiverserLesen''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/diverserlesen/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>

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====== xier ======

In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind,'' hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide, t

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that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" />

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====== hen ======

In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist, Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers,<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" />

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====== en ======

An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

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==== Tables ====

The relative pronouns are all similar to the demonstrative pronouns but for the genitive, represented in the last ligne of the table.

​

Except for the De-e-System (definite article: 'de' [də]; relative and demonstrative pronoun: 'de' [de(:)]), the definite article is similar to the demonstrative personal pronoun.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Primary and demonstrative personal pronouns, relative pronoun and definite article: dominant usage

!Paradigm

!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

! colspan="2" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10">zweisatz (2011): ''HIGH ON CLICHÉS''. ''Glossar''. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":11">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hän/sim''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/h%C3%A4n?erweitert (retrieved 02.09.2024).</ref>

! colspan="2" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12">Pronouns.page (2024): ''hen/hem''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":13">Moro, Jona/Frank, Noah (2024): ''Das NoNa-System. geschlechtsneutrale deutsche Grammatik''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutralesdeutsch.com/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0">Dominik Jahre (2018): ''Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus''. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

|-

!'''solely referential and/or demonstrative'''

!syncretic pronoun

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>

!solely ref.

!demonstr.

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>

!solely ref.

!demonstr.

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>

!solely ref.

!demonstr.

|-

!'''Nominative'''

|dey/dej

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sier [zi:ɐ̯]</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dier [di:ɐ̯]</span>

|xier

|dier

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hän</span>

|hen

|dai

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>

|en

|de [də]/[de(:)]

|-

!'''Accusative'''

|dey/dej; dem(m) [dɛm]

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sien</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dien</span>

|xien

|dien

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sin</span>

|hen

|dai

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>

|en

|de [də]/[de(:)]

|-

!'''Dative'''

|denen; demm<ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Pronomen. dey.'' Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#dey (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siem</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">diem</span>

|xiem

|diem

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sim</span>

|hem

|dam

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hem</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dero</span>

|em

|derm

|-

!'''Genitive'''

|derer/deren

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>

|xieser

| -

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>

| henser

| dais

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dero</span>

|enser

| -

|-

!Genitive: relative pronouns

|derer/deren

|

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">deren</span><ref>Heger, Illi Anna (2024): Personal Communication.</ref>

|

|deren

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>

|

| -

|

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dereno</span>

|

|dersen

|-

! colspan="6" |

! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms

! colspan="2" |

|-

!Examples

|'''Dey''' wohnt in '''deren''' eigener Wohnung. Hast du '''demm''' neulich gesehen? Wie geht es '''denen'''?

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Ich kenne '''sien''' nicht. Ist '''sier''' hier&nbsp;eingezogen?Ich habe noch nie mit '''siem''' gesprochen.</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Mit '''diem''' will ich&nbsp;nichts zu tun&nbsp;haben.&nbsp;'''Dier''' hört mir nie zu!</span>

|Suchst du '''xien'''?'''Xier''' ist im Urlaub.

|Same as for "sier". 

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Ich rufe '''sin''' später zurück an, wenn ich mit '''sim''' auch entspannt reden kann.</span>

|'''Hen''' lächelt  wie du. Bist du mit '''hem''' verwandt?

|'''Dai''' Tankel, '''dai''' neu hier ist, fragt '''dai''' Ompa, '''dam''' ich mal ein Bild geschenkt habe, wie es hem geht.

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">'''Hen''' wohnt mit '''hem''' in einem Reihenhaus.</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">'''Dio''' Hansi, '''dereno''' Geschwister ich noch nie getroffen habe, findet '''dio''' Kayan beim Versteckenspielen nie.</span>

|'''Em''' schmeckt mein Essen nie. Ich will '''en''' nicht mehr einladen.

|'''De''' Studente, mit '''derm''' ich gestern gesprochen habe, gefällt mir.

|}

​

{| class="wikitable"

|+<small>Personal pronouns: peripheral usage</small>

!<small>Paradigm</small>

! colspan="2" |<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">SYLVAIN-Konventionen</span><ref>de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): ''Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache.'' Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

! colspan="2" |<small>'sir' [zi:<span style="color:DarkBlue">ɐ̯]</span><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''sir''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":15">Berliner Morgenpost (2017): ''Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'hen'<sub>2</sub></span><ref>Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ''ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS''. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

!<small>'el'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''el/em''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''el''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'ey'</span><ref>Pronouns.page (2024). ''ey/emm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''ey/em''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>

|-

!'''<small>solely referential and/or demonstrative</small>'''

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>solely ref.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>demonstr.</small></span>

!<small>solely ref.</small>

!<small>demonstr.</small>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>

!<small>-</small>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>

|-

!'''<small>Nominative</small>'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>

|<small>sir</small>

|<small>dier</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>hen</small></span>

|<small>el</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ey</small></span>

|-

!'''<small>Accusative</small>'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>

|<small>sihn</small>

|<small>dien</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>han</small></span>

|<small>en</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>

|-

!'''<small>Dative</small>'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nim</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>dim</small>

|<small>ihrm</small>

|<small>derm</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ham</small></span>

|<small>em</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>

|-

!'''<small>Genitive</small>'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nimser</small>

| <small>-</small>

|<small>sihrer</small>

| <small>-</small>

| <small>-</small>

|<small>emser</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>eyser</small></span>

|}

​

{| class="wikitable"

|+<small>(almost) Indeclinable personal pronouns</small>

!<small>Paradigm</small>

!<small>'ens'<ref>Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): ''Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“.'' In: ''Berliner Zeitung.'' Retrieved 28.04.2021.</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''ens/ens''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>

!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'en'</span><ref name=":1">von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: ''Der'' ''Standard''. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''en/en''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

!<small>'iks'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''iks/iks''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>

|-

!<small>Nominative</small>

|<small>ens</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>

|<small>iks</small>

|-

!<small>Accusative</small>

|<small>ens</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>

|<small>iks</small>

|-

!<small>Dative</small>

|<small>ens</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>

|<small>iks</small>

|-

!<small>Genitive</small>

|<small>enser</small>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>enser</small></span>

|<small>ikser</small>

|}

For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen

​

=== Possessive adjectives ===

For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Inclusive possessive adjective (ownership of any gender)

!Paradigm

! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" />

! colspan="3" |'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" />

! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />

! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />

! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />

! colspan="5" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" />

|-

!Gender of the owned object

!<small>masc.</small>

!<small>fem.</small>

!<small>incl.</small>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>

!<small>masc.</small>

!<small>fem.</small>

!<small>incl.</small>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>

!<small>masc.</small>

!<small>fem.</small>

!<small>incl.</small>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>

!<small>masc.</small>

!<small>fem.</small>

!<small>incl. 3<sup>d</sup> PS</small>

! colspan="2" |<small>incl. 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>d</sup> PP</small>

|-

!'''Nominative'''

| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |deren

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sies</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siese</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesa</span>

|xies

|xiese

|xiesa

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sir</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sire</span>

| -

| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |hens

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hens</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hense</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henseo</span>

|ens

|ense

|ens

|unse

|eue

|-

!'''Accusative'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesen</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siese</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesan</span>

|xiesen

|xiese

|xiesan

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siren</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sire</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensen</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hense</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henseo</span>

|ensen

|ense

|ens

|unse

|eue

|-

!'''Dative'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesem</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesam</span>

|xiesem

|xieser

|xiesam

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirem</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensem</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensero</span>

|ensem

|enser

|enserm

|unsererm

|eurerm

|-

!'''Genitive'''

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieses</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sieser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">siesas</span>

|xieses

|xieser

|xiesas

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sires</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> -</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henses</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hensero</span>

|enses

|enser

|ensers

|unserers

|eurers

|-

! colspan="10" |

! colspan="10" |'hen' paradigms

! colspan="4" |

|}

The possessiv adjectives 'deren' and 'hens' offer the advantage of being easily learnable. As for the possessives suggested by the g-Genus, aside from appearing on nonbinary grammatical websites, they don't seem to have gained much popularity on online platforms. The possessive adjectives from the 'hän' paradigm are phonetically similar to the ones of the system proposed by Kathrin Kunkel-Razum, the editor-in-chief of the Duden.<ref name=":15" />

​

=== Article pronouns, possessive pronouns ===

Unlike possessive adjectives ('dein Eis', 'ihr Bleistift', 'unser Löffel'), possessive pronouns ('deins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or declined.

​

Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns too, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). In the De-e-system, however, the declension of the demonstrative personal pronoun is different from the other article pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V (2023): ''Demonstrativ-/Relativpronomen''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/deklinationstabellen/ (retrieved 28.03.2024).</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

|+Inclusive possessive and article pronouns (genderneutral/-inclusive owned object)

!Paradigm

!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" />

!'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" />

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />

!NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />

!<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />

!De-e-System<ref name=":14" />

|-

!

!ex. with 'die' (plurall)

!

!

!

!ex. with 'jene·r·s'

!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ex. with 'jede·r·s'</small></span>

!ex. with 'eins·e·er'

|-

!'''Nominative'''

| rowspan="4" |derer

<small>(only attested possessive</small>

<small>pronoun for this paradigm)</small>

| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>

| rowspan="4" |no data yet

| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>

|jenai

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>

|einey

|-

!'''Accusative'''

|jenai

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>

|einey

|-

!'''Dative'''

|jenam

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedero</span>

|einerm

|-

!'''Genitive'''

| -

|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>

| -

|-

! colspan="4" |

! colspan="3" |'hen' paradigms

!

|}

​

=== '''Adjectives and nominalized adjectives''' ===

​

=== Titles ===

​

'''Instead of Frau/Herr'''

​

* Frann<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany">Nonbinary Trans Germany, "Language." http://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/language [https://web.archive.org/web/20230623035307/https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/language Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> - nonstandard

* Ind.<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> von "Individuum", nonstandard

* Mau<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> - nonstandard

* Per - nonstandard

* "Vorname, Nachname" - In vielen Fällen kann und sollte man anstelle eines Ehrentitels der Vor- und Nachname verwenden, z.B. "Kim Müller" statt "Frau/Herr Müller".

​

'''Professional & Academic Titles'''

​

* Doctorx<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> - nonstandard

* Professorx<ref name="nonbinarytransgermany" /> - nonstandard

* Professx<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421011215/https://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard

​

=== Family and relationship terms ===

See also: [https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter Nichtbinäre Wörter] at Nichtbinär-Wiki

​

'''Parent'''

​

* Elter - German word for parent, will sound awkward but be recognised

* Elta - nonstandard

* Mapa - nonstandard

* Pama - nonstandard

* Wawa - nonstandard

​

'''Child'''

​

* Kind - standard

* Kleines - standard

* Großes - standard

* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard

​

'''Aunt/Uncle'''

​

* Eltergeschwister - nonstandard

* Eltschwister - nonstandard

* Onte - nonstandard

* Pibling - nonstandard

* Tankel - nonstandard

* Tonke - nonstandard

​

'''Niece/Nephew'''

​

* Nibling - nonstandard

* Niffe - nonstandard

* Geschwisterkind - nonstandard

* Schwisterkind - nonstandard

* Seitkind - nonstandard

'''Cousin'''

​

* Batter

* Cousibling

* Cousinir

* Couson

* Seitschwister

​

'''Grandparent'''

​

* Großelter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood

* Ohlta - nonstandard

* Opma - nonstandard

* Owa - nonstandard

​

'''Sibling'''

​

* Bruderin, Bruder*in - nonstandard

* Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard

* Geschwister - standard, but not commonly used

* Geschwisterchen - standard, but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings

* Große/Ältere Geschwister - big/older sibling

* Kleine/Jüngere Geschwister - little/younger sibling

​

'''Partner'''

​

* Brautpartnir - nonstandard

* Brautpartchen - nonstandard

* Eheperson

* Ehepartei

* Eheteil

* Eheherzmensch - married to the heart person

*Eheperson

*Eheherzperson

* Freund - nonstandard

* Freundir - nonstandard

* Freund*in

* Gattir - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gattin/Gatte

* Gema - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gemahlin/Gemahl

* Gespons - oldfashion

* Heiratir - nonstandard

* Herzmensch - literally heart person, used as a term of endearment

* Liebschaft

* Paarteil

* Partchen - nonstandard

* Partner*in

* Partnir - nonstandard

* Verlobtir - nonstandard

'''In-law'''

​

* Schwageron - nonstandard, sibling-in-law

* Schwiegerelter - nonstandard, parent-in-law

* Schwiegergeschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law

* Schwiegerkind - nonstandard, child-in-law

* Schwiegerperson - in-law person

* Schwiegschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law

* Schwägir - nonstandard, sibling-in-law

​

'''Other'''

​

* Begleitir - nonstandard neutral word for one's company/companion

​

* Brautentourage - nonstandard neutral word for wedding entourage

* Erwachsene Person - neutral word for adult

* Hauspartnir/Hauspartchen - nonstandard neutral word for housespouse

​

* Hauselter - nonstandard neutral word for houseparent

* Jugenlicher/Jungere Person - neutral word for youth/young person

* Köni - nonstandard neutral alternative to queen (königin) and king (könig)

* Könilich - nonstandard neutral alternative to royal (königlich)

* Leut - nonstandard singular version of ''leute''

* Leute - standard word for people

* Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince

* Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince

* Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king

* Reich - neutral alternative to kingdom (königreich)

* Trauzeugir - nonstandard neutral alternative to ''trauzeugin/brautjungfern'' and ''trauzeuge(n)''

* Verehrte Publikum/Gäste/Leute - neutral alternative to "ladies and gentlemen"

​

* Verheirateten - neutral alternative to married couple

* Älterer person - neutral alternative to old woman and old man

​

== See also ==

* [[Gender neutral language]]

* [[Glossary of German gender and sex terminology]]

* [[German neutral pronouns]]

​

== Main resources ==

​

# Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache''. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache.

# Pronouns.page (2024): ''Liste bekannter Pronomen. Neopronomen.'' Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen.

# Pronouns.page (2024): ''Wörterbuch für geschlechtsneutrale Sprache.'' Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/substantive.

# Illi Anna Heger (2022): ''Pronomen wie sier und xier''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen/.

# Verein für geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/.

​

== References ==

<references />

​

[[Category:Gender neutral language]]

[[Category:Germany]]

[[de:geschlechtsneutrale_sprache]]

​