Editing Gender neutral language in German
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{{see also|Glossary of German gender and sex terminology}} | |||
{{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | {{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | ||
{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | {{Template:Gender neutral language}} | ||
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====== xier ====== | ====== xier ====== | ||
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind | In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind'' — hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide — that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" /> | ||
that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
====== hen ====== | ====== hen ====== | ||
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist | In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>, instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" /> | ||
====== en ====== | ====== en ====== | ||
An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Personal pronouns: dominant usage | ||
!Paradigm | !Paradigm | ||
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | !'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
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! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''prosodical features''' | ||
! | ! | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span> | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span> | ||
! | !unstressed | ||
! | !stressed | ||
! | ! | ||
! | !unstressed | ||
! | !stressed | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span> | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span> | ||
! | !unstressed | ||
! | !stressed | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Nominative''' | !'''Nominative''' | ||
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|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | ||
|en | |en | ||
|de | |de [de(:)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Accusative''' | !'''Accusative''' | ||
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|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | ||
|en | |en | ||
|de | |de [de(:)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Dative''' | !'''Dative''' | ||
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|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span> | ||
| henser | | henser | ||
| - | | - | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | ||
| | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | ||
|enser | |||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="6" | | |||
! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms | ! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms | ||
| colspan="2" | | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Personal pronouns: peripheral usage | ||
! | !Paradigm | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">SYLVAIN-Konventionen</span><ref>de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): ''Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache.'' Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" |'sir' [zi:<span style="color:DarkBlue">ɐ̯]</span><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''sir''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Berliner Morgenpost (2017): ''Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hen'<sub>2</sub></span><ref>Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ''ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS''. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! | !'el'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''el/em''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''el''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">'ey'</span><ref>Pronouns.page (2024). ''ey/emm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''ey/em''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''prosodical features''' | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span> | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span> | ||
! | !unstressed | ||
! | !stressed | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''Nominative''' | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">nin</span> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">din</span> | ||
| | |sir | ||
| | |dier | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span> | ||
| | |el | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">ey</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''Accusative''' | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">nin</span> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">din</span> | ||
| | |sihn | ||
| | |dien | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">han</span> | ||
| | |en | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">emm</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''Dative''' | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">nim | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">dim | ||
| | |ihrm | ||
| | |derm | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">ham</span> | ||
| | |em | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">emm</span> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!''' | !'''Genitive''' | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">nimser | ||
| | | - | ||
| | |sihrer | ||
| | | - | ||
| | | - | ||
| | |emser | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">eyser</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+(almost) Indeclinable personal pronouns | ||
! | !Paradigm | ||
! | !'ens'<ref>Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): ''Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“.'' In: ''Berliner Zeitung.'' Retrieved 28.04.2021.</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''ens/ens''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">'en'</span><ref name=":1">von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: ''Der'' ''Standard''. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''en/en''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
! | !'iks'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''iks/iks''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Nominative | ||
| | |ens | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span> | ||
| | |iks | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Accusative | ||
| | |ens | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span> | ||
| | |iks | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Dative | ||
| | |ens | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span> | ||
| | |iks | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Genitive | ||
| | |enser | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue" | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">enser</span> | ||
| | |ikser | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Possessive adjectives | ||
!Paradigm | !Paradigm | ||
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> | ! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> | ||
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! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /> | ! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /> | ||
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" /> | ! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" /> | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | !Possession's gender | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
! | !masc. | ||
! | !fem. | ||
! | !incl. | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Nominative''' | !'''Nominative''' | ||
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |deren | | colspan="3" rowspan="4" |deren | ||
| | |sies | ||
| | |siese | ||
| | |siesa | ||
|xies | |xies | ||
|xiese | |xiese | ||
|xiesa | |xiesa | ||
| | |sir | ||
| | |sire | ||
| - | | - | ||
| colspan="3" rowspan="4" |hens | | colspan="3" rowspan="4" |hens | ||
| | |hens | ||
| | |hense | ||
| | |henseo | ||
|ens | |ens | ||
|ense | |ense | ||
|ens | |ens | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Accusative''' | !'''Accusative''' | ||
| | |siesen | ||
| | |siese | ||
| | |siesan | ||
|xiesen | |xiesen | ||
|xiese | |xiese | ||
|xiesan | |xiesan | ||
| | |siren | ||
| | |sire | ||
| | | - | ||
| | |hensen | ||
| | |hense | ||
| | |henseo | ||
|ensen | |ensen | ||
|ense | |ense | ||
|ens | |ens | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Dative''' | !'''Dative''' | ||
| | |siesem | ||
| | |sieser | ||
| | |siesam | ||
|xiesem | |xiesem | ||
|xieser | |xieser | ||
|xiesam | |xiesam | ||
| | |sirem | ||
| | |sirer | ||
| | | - | ||
| | |hensem | ||
| | |henser | ||
| | |hensero | ||
|ensem | |ensem | ||
|enser | |enser | ||
|enserm | |enserm | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Genitive''' | !'''Genitive''' | ||
| | |sieses | ||
| | |sieser | ||
| | |siesas | ||
|xieses | |xieses | ||
|xieser | |xieser | ||
|xiesas | |xiesas | ||
| | |sires | ||
| | |sirer | ||
| | | - | ||
| | |henses | ||
| | |henser | ||
| | |hensero | ||
|enses | |enses | ||
|enser | |enser | ||
|ensers | |ensers | ||
|} | |} | ||
For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table. | |||
=== Titles === | === Titles === |