Editing Gender neutral language in German
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{{see also|Glossary of German gender and sex terminology}} | |||
{{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | {{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | ||
{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | {{Template:Gender neutral language}} | ||
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====== xier ====== | ====== xier ====== | ||
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind | In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind'' — hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide — that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" /> | ||
that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
====== hen ====== | ====== hen ====== | ||
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist | In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>, instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" /> | ||
====== en ====== | ====== en ====== | ||
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==== Tables ==== | ==== Tables ==== | ||
The relative pronouns are all similar to the demonstrative pronouns but for the genitive, represented in the last ligne of the table. | The relative pronouns are all similar to the demonstrative pronouns but for the genitive, represented in the last ligne of the table. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Personal pronouns: dominant usage | ||
!Paradigm | !Paradigm | ||
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | !'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> | ||
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!solely ref. | !solely ref. | ||
!demonstr. | !demonstr. | ||
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | !<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | ||
!solely ref. | !solely ref. | ||
!demonstr. | !demonstr. | ||
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|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | ||
|en | |en | ||
|de | |de [de(:)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Accusative''' | !'''Accusative''' | ||
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|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span> | ||
|en | |en | ||
|de | |de [de(:)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'''Dative''' | !'''Dative''' | ||
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| henser | | henser | ||
| dais | | dais | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span> | ||
|enser | |enser | ||
| - | | - | ||
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|dersen | |dersen | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="6" | | |||
! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms | ! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms | ||
| colspan="2" | | |||
|} | |} | ||
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For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table. | For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Inclusive possessive adjective ( | |+Inclusive possessive adjective (possessor of any gender) | ||
!Paradigm | !Paradigm | ||
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> | ! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> | ||
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! colspan="5" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" /> | ! colspan="5" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Gender of the | !Gender of the possessed object | ||
!<small>masc.</small> | !<small>masc.</small> | ||
!<small>fem.</small> | !<small>fem.</small> | ||
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|unserers | |unserers | ||
|eurers | |eurers | ||
|} | |} | ||
The possessiv adjectives 'deren' and 'hens' offer the advantage of being easily learnable. As for the possessives suggested by the g-Genus, aside from appearing on nonbinary grammatical websites, they don't seem to have gained much popularity on online platforms. The possessive adjectives from the 'hän' paradigm are phonetically similar to the ones of the system proposed by Kathrin Kunkel-Razum, the editor-in-chief of the Duden.<ref name=":15" /> | The possessiv adjectives 'deren' and 'hens' offer the advantage of being easily learnable. As for the possessives suggested by the g-Genus, aside from appearing on nonbinary grammatical websites, they don't seem to have gained much popularity on online platforms. The possessive adjectives from the 'hän' paradigm are phonetically similar to the ones of the system proposed by Kathrin Kunkel-Razum, the editor-in-chief of the Duden.<ref name=":15" /> | ||
=== | === Possessive pronouns and article pronouns === | ||
Unlike possessive adjectives (' | Unlike possessive adjectives ('ein', 'ihr', 'unser'), possessive pronouns ('eins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or declined. Article pronouns are can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are also considered article pronouns, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). | ||
Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns | |||
=== Titles === | === Titles === | ||