List of nonbinary identities: Difference between revisions

    imported>Sekhet
    No edit summary
    imported>Sekhet
    No edit summary
    Line 15: Line 15:


    * '''[[agender]]'''. Some who call themselves agender have no gender identity (genderless). Others who call themselves agender have a gender identity, which isn't female or male, but neutral.<ref name=NBGQ2016>[http://nonbinarystats.tumblr.com/post/141311159050/nbgq-survey-2016-the-worldwide-results NB/GQ Survey 2016 - the worldwide results], March 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 2,723 of the 11,242 respondents (24.22%) were agender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census">https://gendercensus.com/post/183843963445/gender-census-2019-the-worldwide-tldr</ref> Notable agender people include rapper [[Angel Haze]],<ref name="haze">[https://twitter.com/AngelHaze/status/567432462406393856 "angxl hxze on Twitter"], February 14, 2015</ref> <ref name="hazetwo">[https://twitter.com/AngelHaze/status/566688238396375041 "angxl hxze on Twitter"], February 14, 2015</ref> astrophysicist [[Amita Kuttner]],<ref name="Identity">{{Cite web |title=Identity in Politics|author=Kuttner, Amita |work=amitakuttner.ca |date=2019 |access-date=18 May 2020 |url= https://amitakuttner.ca/news/identity-in-politics/}}</ref> model [[Juno Mitchell]],<ref name="igbio">[https://www.instagram.com/juno_mitchell/ Instagram bio] accessed 1 June 2020</ref> and poet [[Bogi Takács]].<ref name="BT-tweet">[https://twitter.com/bogiperson Twitter bio]</ref>
    * '''[[agender]]'''. Some who call themselves agender have no gender identity (genderless). Others who call themselves agender have a gender identity, which isn't female or male, but neutral.<ref name=NBGQ2016>[http://nonbinarystats.tumblr.com/post/141311159050/nbgq-survey-2016-the-worldwide-results NB/GQ Survey 2016 - the worldwide results], March 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 2,723 of the 11,242 respondents (24.22%) were agender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census">https://gendercensus.com/post/183843963445/gender-census-2019-the-worldwide-tldr</ref> Notable agender people include rapper [[Angel Haze]],<ref name="haze">[https://twitter.com/AngelHaze/status/567432462406393856 "angxl hxze on Twitter"], February 14, 2015</ref> <ref name="hazetwo">[https://twitter.com/AngelHaze/status/566688238396375041 "angxl hxze on Twitter"], February 14, 2015</ref> astrophysicist [[Amita Kuttner]],<ref name="Identity">{{Cite web |title=Identity in Politics|author=Kuttner, Amita |work=amitakuttner.ca |date=2019 |access-date=18 May 2020 |url= https://amitakuttner.ca/news/identity-in-politics/}}</ref> model [[Juno Mitchell]],<ref name="igbio">[https://www.instagram.com/juno_mitchell/ Instagram bio] accessed 1 June 2020</ref> and poet [[Bogi Takács]].<ref name="BT-tweet">[https://twitter.com/bogiperson Twitter bio]</ref>
    * '''[[androgyne]]'''. This ancient word means ''man-woman.'' It is used for a wide variety of [[gender nonconforming]] and nonbinary identities and gender expressions,<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> and has been used as an umbrella term for them. Androgyne can mean [[intersex]], but not all androgynes are intersex.<ref>Raphael Carter, "Not this, not that: A meditation on labels." July 14, 1996. ''Androgyny RAQ (Rarely Asked Questions)'' (personal site). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml]</ref> Victorian and Edwardian era people who called themselves androgynes believed their gender-nonconforming natures originated in hidden intersex characteristics in their brain or body. This was the view of a notable androgyne, autobiographer [[Jennie June]] (b. 1874).<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 9.38% (1054 people) of the respondents called themselves androgynes.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[androgyne]]'''. This ancient word means ''man-woman.'' It is used for a wide variety of [[gender nonconforming]] and nonbinary identities and gender expressions,<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> and has been used as an umbrella term for them. Androgyne can mean [[intersex]], but not all androgynes are intersex.<ref>Raphael Carter, "Not this, not that: A meditation on labels." July 14, 1996. ''Androgyny RAQ (Rarely Asked Questions)'' (personal site). [https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20041209234238/http://www.chaparraltree.com/raq/notthis.shtml]</ref> Victorian and Edwardian era people who called themselves androgynes believed their gender-nonconforming natures originated in hidden intersex characteristics in their brain or body. This was the view of a notable androgyne, autobiographer [[Jennie June]] (b. 1874).<ref>Katz, Jonathan Ned. "Transgender Memoir of 1921 Found". ''Humanities and Social Sciences Online''. N.p., 10 October 2010. Web. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 9.38% (1054 people) of the respondents called themselves androgynes.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 22: Line 23:


    [[File:Butch Femme Society by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|350px|Lesbian Butch/Femme Society march in New York City's Gay Pride Parade (2007).]]
    [[File:Butch Femme Society by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|350px|Lesbian Butch/Femme Society march in New York City's Gay Pride Parade (2007).]]
    * '''[[bigender]], or bi-gender'''.<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> A bigender person feels they have two gender identities,<ref name="Trans Bodies 612">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 612.</ref> at the same time, or at different times.<ref>Schneider, M., et al, American Psychological Association, ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.pdf Answers to Your Questions About Transgender People, Gender Identity, And Gender Expression] (PDF), date unknown, captured April 2016.</ref> A bigender person may move between their gender expressions based on their situation or their feelings.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> These two genders might be female and male, or they might be a different pair of genders. Bigender was in use before 1997.<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=}}</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 3.72% (419) of the respondents were bigender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
     
    * '''[[bigender]], or bi-gender'''.<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> A bigender person feels they have two gender identities,<ref name="Trans Bodies 612">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 612.</ref> at the same time, or at different times.<ref name="Schneider APA 2008">Schneider, M., et al, American Psychological Association, ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/lgbt/transgender.pdf Answers to Your Questions About Transgender People, Gender Identity, And Gender Expression] (PDF), date unknown, captured April 2016.</ref> A bigender person may move between their gender expressions based on their situation or their feelings.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> These two genders might be female and male, or they might be a different pair of genders. Bigender was in use before 1997, when it was described in ''International Journal of Transgenderism''.<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=}}</ref> The American Psychological Association (APA) recognizes bigender as one type of transgender person.<ref name="Schneider APA 2008" /> A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and less than 8% of those who were [[AFAB|assigned female at birth]] identified as bigender.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02]</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 3.72% (419) of the respondents were bigender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /> Notable bigender people include the top-charting musician [[B-Complex]],<ref name="denn_Prel">{{Cite web |title=Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia |trans-title=B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia |last=Pecíková |first=Laura |work=Denník N |date= |access-date=28 March 2020 |url= https://dennikn.sk/321936/prelomila-b-complex-muz-mato-zena-matia/ |language=sk}}</ref> the speculative fiction writer [[R.B. Lemberg]],<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">{{cite tweet|user=RB_Lemberg|number=1022283262906048513|date=July 25, 2018|title=@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :) I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it! <3}}</ref> and the young adult novelist [[Mia Siegert]].<ref name="dive_Writ">{{Cite web |title=Writing from a Place of Truth |author= |work=Diversity in YA |date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |url= https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |quote=I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male. }}</ref>
     
    * '''[[butch]]'''.<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> Butch is a queer masculine identity.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> It originated in working-class lesbian bar culture in the 1940s and 50s.<ref name=LevittSR>{{Cite journal|last=Levitt|first=Heidi|date=February 2003|title=The Misunderstood Gender: A Model of Modern Femme Identity|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225274019|journal=[[Sex Roles]]|volume=48|issue=3/4|pages=99–113|doi=10.1023/A:1022453304384|pmid=|access-date=May 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Kennedy1993_82>{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Elizabeth Lapovsky|author2=Madeline D. Davis|title=Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community|year=1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=New York|isbn=0-415-90293-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bootsofleathersl00kenn_0/page/82 82–86]|url=https://archive.org/details/bootsofleathersl00kenn_0/page/82}}</ref> [[Leslie Feinberg]], who was a butch of the 1950s onward and a trans person,<ref name="trans warriors x">Leslie Feinberg, ''Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to RuPaul.'' Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. p. x.</ref> defines butch as a category of gender identity, neither male nor female. From the mid-20th century, there has been a tradition of roles of queer butch-femme couples.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> Butch-femme couples are not a rule, especially not after cultural changes in lesbian culture in the 1970s.<ref name="selfmade 79">Henry Rubin, ''Self-Made Men: Identity and Embodiment Among Transsexual Men.'' Vanderbilt University Press, 2003. P. 79.</ref> Butch-femme couples are not an imitation of heterosexuality.<ref>Jack Halberstam, ''Female Masculinity'', Durham: Duke University, 2018. p. 122.</ref> Masculinity or butchness is neither the same as nor an imitation of manhood. As one trans man interviewed by sociologist Henry Rubin put it, the butch lesbian women he knew "were much more butch than me. But I was much more male than they were."<ref name="selfmade 24">Henry Rubin, ''Self-Made Men: Identity and Embodiment Among Transsexual Men.'' Vanderbilt University Press, 2003. P. 24.</ref> Though butch most often means a lesbian woman, not all are.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> Queer theorist and butch [[Jack Halberstam]] defines its indefinability: "The butch is neither [[cisgender|cis-gender]] nor simply transgender [...] Butch is always a misnomer-- not male, not female, masculine but not male, female but not feminine".<ref>Jack Halberstam, ''Female Masculinity'', Durham: Duke University, 2018. p. xi.</ref> Butch is a diverse category. Some people choose to call themselves butch.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.93% (105 people) of respondents called their identity butch, or some form of it, such as soft butch.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /> Notable people who call themselves butch as an identity outside the gender binary include writer [[Ivan E. Coyote]],<ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/ivan_coyote_why_we_need_gender_neutral_bathrooms/transcript Why we need gender-neutral bathrooms], Ivan Coyote, November 2015</ref><ref name="case_Gend">{{Cite web |title=Gender Landmines: Trans Masculinities, Femininities, and Binaries: A Review of Ivan Coyote and Rae Spoon's Gender Failure |author= |work=Casey the Canadian Lesbrarian |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=3 April 2020 |url= https://caseythecanadianlesbrarian.com/2014/07/07/gender-landmines-trans-masculinities-feminities-and-binaries-a-review-of-ivan-coyote-and-rae-spoons-gender-failure/}}</ref><ref>https://abcbookworld.com/writer/coyote-ivan-e/</ref> comedian [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="Guerrero">{{Cite web |title=Genderqueer Comic Kelli Dunham On Getting (Thee) Away From a Nunnery |last=Guerrero |first=Desirée |work=The Advocate |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |url= https://www.advocate.com/comedy/2020/4/21/genderqueer-comic-kelli-dunham-getting-thee-away-nunnery}}</ref> and social worker [[Sonalee Rashatwar]].<ref name="IGbio">https://www.instagram.com/thefatsextherapist/</ref>
    * '''[[butch]]'''.<ref name=NBGQ2016></ref> Butch is a queer masculine identity.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> It originated in working-class lesbian bar culture in the 1940s and 50s.<ref name=LevittSR>{{Cite journal|last=Levitt|first=Heidi|date=February 2003|title=The Misunderstood Gender: A Model of Modern Femme Identity|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225274019|journal=[[Sex Roles]]|volume=48|issue=3/4|pages=99–113|doi=10.1023/A:1022453304384|pmid=|access-date=May 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name=Kennedy1993_82>{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Elizabeth Lapovsky|author2=Madeline D. Davis|title=Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lesbian Community|year=1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=New York|isbn=0-415-90293-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bootsofleathersl00kenn_0/page/82 82–86]|url=https://archive.org/details/bootsofleathersl00kenn_0/page/82}}</ref> [[Leslie Feinberg]], who was a butch of the 1950s onward and a trans person,<ref name="trans warriors x">Leslie Feinberg, ''Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to RuPaul.'' Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. p. x.</ref> defines butch as a category of gender identity, neither male nor female. From the mid-20th century, there has been a tradition of roles of queer butch-femme couples.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> Butch-femme couples are not a rule, especially not after cultural changes in lesbian culture in the 1970s.<ref name="selfmade 79">Henry Rubin, ''Self-Made Men: Identity and Embodiment Among Transsexual Men.'' Vanderbilt University Press, 2003. P. 79.</ref> Butch-femme couples are not an imitation of heterosexuality.<ref>Jack Halberstam, ''Female Masculinity'', Durham: Duke University, 2018. p. 122.</ref> Masculinity or butchness is neither the same as nor an imitation of manhood. As one trans man interviewed by sociologist Henry Rubin put it, the butch lesbian women he knew "were much more butch than me. But I was much more male than they were."<ref name="selfmade 24">Henry Rubin, ''Self-Made Men: Identity and Embodiment Among Transsexual Men.'' Vanderbilt University Press, 2003. P. 24.</ref> Though butch most often means a lesbian woman, not all are.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> Queer theorist and butch [[Jack Halberstam]] defines its indefinability: "The butch is neither [[cisgender|cis-gender]] nor simply transgender [...] Butch is always a misnomer-- not male, not female, masculine but not male, female but not feminine".<ref>Jack Halberstam, ''Female Masculinity'', Durham: Duke University, 2018. p. xi.</ref> Butch is a diverse category. Some people choose to call themselves butch.<ref name="Trans Bodies 612" /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.93% (105 people) of respondents called their identity butch, or some form of it, such as soft butch.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /> Notable people who call themselves butch as an identity outside the gender binary include writer [[Ivan E. Coyote]],<ref>[https://www.ted.com/talks/ivan_coyote_why_we_need_gender_neutral_bathrooms/transcript Why we need gender-neutral bathrooms], Ivan Coyote, November 2015</ref><ref name="case_Gend">{{Cite web |title=Gender Landmines: Trans Masculinities, Femininities, and Binaries: A Review of Ivan Coyote and Rae Spoon's Gender Failure |author= |work=Casey the Canadian Lesbrarian |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=3 April 2020 |url= https://caseythecanadianlesbrarian.com/2014/07/07/gender-landmines-trans-masculinities-feminities-and-binaries-a-review-of-ivan-coyote-and-rae-spoons-gender-failure/}}</ref><ref>https://abcbookworld.com/writer/coyote-ivan-e/</ref> comedian [[Kelli Dunham]],<ref name="Guerrero">{{Cite web |title=Genderqueer Comic Kelli Dunham On Getting (Thee) Away From a Nunnery |last=Guerrero |first=Desirée |work=The Advocate |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=3 June 2020 |url= https://www.advocate.com/comedy/2020/4/21/genderqueer-comic-kelli-dunham-getting-thee-away-nunnery}}</ref> and social worker [[Sonalee Rashatwar]].<ref name="IGbio">https://www.instagram.com/thefatsextherapist/</ref>


    Line 30: Line 33:


    * '''[[demiboy]]'''. A gender identity that expresses both male identity and [[agender]] identity, or both male and genderless.<ref name"asexualityorgpromasterlist">[http://asexualityorg.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=gender&amp;action=print&amp;thread=9 Definitions Master List], asexualityorg proboards, posted August 2012, captured April 2016.</ref><ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.42% (834) of the respondents said they were a demiboy, demiguy, demiman, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[demiboy]]'''. A gender identity that expresses both male identity and [[agender]] identity, or both male and genderless.<ref name"asexualityorgpromasterlist">[http://asexualityorg.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=gender&amp;action=print&amp;thread=9 Definitions Master List], asexualityorg proboards, posted August 2012, captured April 2016.</ref><ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.42% (834) of the respondents said they were a demiboy, demiguy, demiman, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[demigender]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> An umbrella term for nonbinary identities that have a partial connection to a certain gender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 20.73% (2331) responses were demigender, demiboy, demigirl, deminonbinary, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[demigender]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> An umbrella term for nonbinary identities that have a partial connection to a certain gender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 20.73% (2331) responses were demigender, demiboy, demigirl, deminonbinary, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[demigirl]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that expresses both female identity and [[Agender]] identity, or both female and genderless.<ref>[http://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/55798-definitions-master-list/ AVEN: Definitions Master List]</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.98% (897) of the respondents said they were a demigirl, demiwoman, demifemale, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[demigirl]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that expresses both female identity and [[Agender]] identity, or both female and genderless.<ref>[http://www.asexuality.org/en/topic/55798-definitions-master-list/ AVEN: Definitions Master List]</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.98% (897) of the respondents said they were a demigirl, demiwoman, demifemale, or other form of this identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 40: Line 45:


    [[File:Auckland pride parade 2016 37.jpg|thumb|Fa'afafine banner at the Auckland pride parade in 2016.]]
    [[File:Auckland pride parade 2016 37.jpg|thumb|Fa'afafine banner at the Auckland pride parade in 2016.]]
    * '''[[fa'afafine]]'''. In Samoa, the Fa'afafine are people who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]], have a feminine gender expression, and don't think of themselves as female or male.<ref name="Kremer">{{Cite web |title=The evolutionary puzzle of homosexuality |author=William Kremer |work=BBC News |date=18 February 2014 |access-date=10 April 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26089486}}</ref> It has been estimated that 1–5% of Samoans identify as fa'afafine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37227803|title=Samoa's 'third gender' beauty pageant|first=Yvette|last=Tan|date=September 1, 2016|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> ''Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand'' estimates that there are 500 fa’afafine in Samoa, and the same number in the Samoan diaspora in New Zealand,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/160363|title=3. – Gender diversity – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|last=Taonga|website=teara.govt.nz}}</ref> while according to SBS news, there are up to 3,000 fa'afafine currently living in Samoa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/07/16/faafafine-boys-raised-be-girls| title=Fa'afafine: Boys Raised to be Girls ten minute news video about faafafine in Australia|date=26 August 2013| }}</ref> No respondents to the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census were fa'afafine.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[fa'afafine]]'''. In Samoa, the Fa'afafine are people who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]], have a feminine gender expression, and don't think of themselves as female or male.<ref name="Kremer">{{Cite web |title=The evolutionary puzzle of homosexuality |author=William Kremer |work=BBC News |date=18 February 2014 |access-date=10 April 2020 |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-26089486}}</ref> It has been estimated that 1–5% of Samoans identify as fa'afafine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37227803|title=Samoa's 'third gender' beauty pageant|first=Yvette|last=Tan|date=September 1, 2016|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> ''Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand'' estimates that there are 500 fa’afafine in Samoa, and the same number in the Samoan diaspora in New Zealand,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/160363|title=3. – Gender diversity – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand|first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|last=Taonga|website=teara.govt.nz}}</ref> while according to SBS news, there are up to 3,000 fa'afafine currently living in Samoa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/07/16/faafafine-boys-raised-be-girls| title=Fa'afafine: Boys Raised to be Girls ten minute news video about faafafine in Australia|date=26 August 2013| }}</ref> No respondents to the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census were fa'afafine.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[femme]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Femme originated as a queer feminine identity in 1950s working-class lesbian bar culture.<ref name=LevittSR /> Traditionally, femme was the counterpart of the butch role. Today, queer people who choose to call themselves femme do not necessarily seek a butch-femme relationship.<ref name="Trans Bodies 613">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 613.</ref> Femme does not simply mean a conventionally feminine woman, and is instead a culturally transgressive identity. Surveys show that a significant percentage of nonbinary and genderqueer people identify as femme.<ref name="NBGQ2016" /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 1.35% of the respondents identified as some form of femme.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /> Some notable people who identify as femme outside the binary include author [[Kate Bornstein]],<ref name="Raymond">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Kate Bornstein on Their Broadway Debut in Straight White Men |last=Raymond |first=Gerard |work=Slant Magazine |date=July 11, 2018 |access-date=May 16, 2020 |url= https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/}}</ref> journalist [[Sassafras Lowrey]],<ref>{{cite tweet|user= sassafraslowrey|number= 1182723625448685568|date=11 October 2019|title=and to have made a core aspect of my career around writing the queerest books and stories I can imagine. Happy #NationalComingOutDay Queerly yours a: #runaway, formerly #homeless, #genderqueer, #trans, #femme, #queer, #polyamorous, #asexual, #little, #leather boy}}</ref> disability rights activist [[Sharon daVanport]],<ref name="ECE">{{Cite web |title=PEOPLE: Why Sharon daVanport built a support network for autistic women and nonbinary people |author= |work=Echo Chamber Escape |date=May 26, 2020 |access-date=May 28, 2020 |url= https://echochamberescape.com/2020/05/26/people-why-sharon-davanport-built-a-support-network-for-autistic-women-and-nonbinary-people</ref> and multimedia artist [[Dev Blair]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Dev_Blair|number=956701170503954432|title=Starting 2 prefer "they" pronouns because so many people wanna equate "she" pronouns w/ me being a woman n that's not really what I mean when I say non-binary femme-what I mean is my gender is neither male nor female but I do strongly align with femininity|date=25 January 2018}}</ref>  
    * '''[[femme]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Femme originated as a queer feminine identity in 1950s working-class lesbian bar culture.<ref name=LevittSR /> Traditionally, femme was the counterpart of the butch role. Today, queer people who choose to call themselves femme do not necessarily seek a butch-femme relationship.<ref name="Trans Bodies 613">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 613.</ref> Femme does not simply mean a conventionally feminine woman, and is instead a culturally transgressive identity. Surveys show that a significant percentage of nonbinary and genderqueer people identify as femme.<ref name="NBGQ2016" /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 1.35% of the respondents identified as some form of femme.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /> Some notable people who identify as femme outside the binary include author [[Kate Bornstein]],<ref name="Raymond">{{Cite web |title=Interview: Kate Bornstein on Their Broadway Debut in Straight White Men |last=Raymond |first=Gerard |work=Slant Magazine |date=July 11, 2018 |access-date=May 16, 2020 |url= https://www.slantmagazine.com/interviews/pretty-damn-bowie-kate-bornstein-on-their-broadway-debut-in-straight-white-men/}}</ref> journalist [[Sassafras Lowrey]],<ref>{{cite tweet|user= sassafraslowrey|number= 1182723625448685568|date=11 October 2019|title=and to have made a core aspect of my career around writing the queerest books and stories I can imagine. Happy #NationalComingOutDay Queerly yours a: #runaway, formerly #homeless, #genderqueer, #trans, #femme, #queer, #polyamorous, #asexual, #little, #leather boy}}</ref> disability rights activist [[Sharon daVanport]],<ref name="ECE">{{Cite web |title=PEOPLE: Why Sharon daVanport built a support network for autistic women and nonbinary people |author= |work=Echo Chamber Escape |date=May 26, 2020 |access-date=May 28, 2020 |url= https://echochamberescape.com/2020/05/26/people-why-sharon-davanport-built-a-support-network-for-autistic-women-and-nonbinary-people</ref> and multimedia artist [[Dev Blair]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=Dev_Blair|number=956701170503954432|title=Starting 2 prefer "they" pronouns because so many people wanna equate "she" pronouns w/ me being a woman n that's not really what I mean when I say non-binary femme-what I mean is my gender is neither male nor female but I do strongly align with femininity|date=25 January 2018}}</ref>  


    Line 50: Line 57:


    * '''[[genderfluid]]''', or gender-fluid.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that often changes, so that a person may feel one day like a boy, and another day like a girl. However, genderfluidity is not limited to being only male and female. Fluid gender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 21.76% (2446) of the respondents were genderfluid, or otherwise called themselves "fluid."<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderfluid]]''', or gender-fluid.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that often changes, so that a person may feel one day like a boy, and another day like a girl. However, genderfluidity is not limited to being only male and female. Fluid gender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 21.76% (2446) of the respondents were genderfluid, or otherwise called themselves "fluid."<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderflux]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that often changes in intensity, so that a person may feel one day as though they have almost no gender, or none at all, and another day they feel very gendered.<ref name="crushing">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321220845/http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com:80/genderflux|url=http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com/genderflux|title=Genderflux Information and Resources|archive-date=21 March 2016}}</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.4% (814) of the responses were genderflux, boyflux, girlflux, agenderflux, or otherwise called themselves flux.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderflux]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A gender identity that often changes in intensity, so that a person may feel one day as though they have almost no gender, or none at all, and another day they feel very gendered.<ref name="crushing">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321220845/http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com:80/genderflux|url=http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com/genderflux|title=Genderflux Information and Resources|archive-date=21 March 2016}}</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7.4% (814) of the responses were genderflux, boyflux, girlflux, agenderflux, or otherwise called themselves flux.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderless]].'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Having no gender identity. A synonym of [[agender]]. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 13.75% (1546) of the responses used the word genderless for themselves.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderless]].'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Having no gender identity. A synonym of [[agender]]. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 13.75% (1546) of the responses used the word genderless for themselves.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[gender neutral]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> This can mean having nothing to do with gender, or is inclusive of any gender. It can mean having no gender identity; [[agender]]. Or it can mean having a gender identity that is neutral: not female, not male, not a mix; compare [[neutrois]]. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 12.36% (1390) of the responses said they were neutral, transneutral, gender neutral, neutral gender, or other similar words.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[gender neutral]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> This can mean having nothing to do with gender, or is inclusive of any gender. It can mean having no gender identity; [[agender]]. Or it can mean having a gender identity that is neutral: not female, not male, not a mix; compare [[neutrois]]. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 12.36% (1390) of the responses said they were neutral, transneutral, gender neutral, neutral gender, or other similar words.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderqueer]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is a non-normative gender identity or [[gender expression|expression]]. This can be an umbrella term, or a specific identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 29.12% (3274) of the responses called themselves genderqueer.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[genderqueer]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is a non-normative gender identity or [[gender expression|expression]]. This can be an umbrella term, or a specific identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 29.12% (3274) of the responses called themselves genderqueer.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[gendervoid]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by Baaphomett in 2014. "A gender consisting of the void (also/originally used to mean the same thing as genderless)."<ref>archive of the since-deleted post on MOGAI-archive: http://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95720973644/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett archive of that archive: https://archive.is/yULU0#selection-169.2-169.93</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.80% (90) of the responses said they were gendervoid, voidgender, or void.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[gendervoid]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by Baaphomett in 2014. "A gender consisting of the void (also/originally used to mean the same thing as genderless)."<ref>archive of the since-deleted post on MOGAI-archive: http://purrloinsucks.tumblr.com/post/95720973644/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett archive of that archive: https://archive.is/yULU0#selection-169.2-169.93</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.80% (90) of the responses said they were gendervoid, voidgender, or void.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 61: Line 73:


    [[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.]]
    [[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.]]
    * '''[[hijra]]'''. In south Asian countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the Hijra are people who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]], who have a feminine gender expression. This is a very ancient tradition. Today, Hijra are legally recognized as a gender other than female or male.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html, "India's third gender gets own identity in voter rolls", Harmeet Shah Singh, CNN.com], Nov. 2009 </ref><ref>Mitch Kellaway. "Trans Indian's Predicament at Border Shows the U.S. Lags Behind." May 9, 2015. Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind</ref><ref>[http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ "Pakistan Recognizes Third Gender", Ria Misra, Politics Daily], Dec. 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender, "Hijras now a separate gender", Mohosinul Karim, Dhaka Tribune], Nov. 2013 </ref><ref>http://www.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status</ref> The Hijra in India alone may number as many as 2,000,000 today.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref> No respondents to the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census were hijra.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
     
    * '''[[hijra]]'''. In south Asian countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the hijra are people who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]], who have a feminine gender expression. Some seek castration. Hijras live together communally. They often have an important role in religious practice. They can be Hindu or Muslim. Hijra traditions are ancient. The earliest mention of hijras is in the ''Kama Sutra,'' from 400 BCE to 300 CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Refractions of Desire, Feminist Perspectives in the Novels of Toni Morrison, Michèle Roberts, and Anita Desai|author=Sengupta, J.|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|isbn=9788126906291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9Y_tQfm_WgC|page=21|accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref> Franciscan travelers wrote about seeing hijras in the 1650s.<ref>Donald Lach. ''Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 2, South Asia.'' University of Chicago, 1998.</ref> From the 1850s onward, the British Raj criminalized and tried to exterminate hijras.<ref>Laurence W. Preston. "A Right to Exist: Eunuchs and the State in Nineteenth-Century India." ''Modern Asian Studies'' (journal), April 1987, vol. 21, issue 2, pp. 371–387 doi=10.1017/S0026749X00013858 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231903575</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Reddy, Gayatri.|title=With respect to sex : negotiating hijra identity in South India|date=2005|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-70754-9|location=Chicago|oclc=655225261}}</ref> Since the late 20th century, hijra activists and non-government organizations have lobbied for official recognition of the hijra as a legal sex other than male or female. This is important for them to be able to have passports, travel, hold jobs, and other rights. They have been successful at achieving legal recognition as another gender in Nepal, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html, "India's third gender gets own identity in voter rolls", Harmeet Shah Singh, CNN.com], Nov. 2009 </ref><ref>Mitch Kellaway. "Trans Indian's Predicament at Border Shows the U.S. Lags Behind." May 9, 2015. Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind</ref><ref>[http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ "Pakistan Recognizes Third Gender", Ria Misra, Politics Daily], Dec. 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender, "Hijras now a separate gender", Mohosinul Karim, Dhaka Tribune], Nov. 2013 </ref><ref>http://www.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status</ref> The Hijra in India alone may number as many as 2,000,000 today.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref> No respondents to the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census were hijra.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    {{Clear}}
    {{Clear}}
    Line 69: Line 82:
    [[File:Paul Gauguin 063.jpg|thumb|200px|''Papa Moe (Mysterious Water)'', an oil painting by the Westerner, Paul Gauguin, from 1893. It depicts a māhū in Tahiti drinking from a waterfall.<ref>Mario Vargas Llosa. "The men-women of the Pacific." ''Tate Britain.'' http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific</ref><ref>Stephen F. Eisenman. Gauguin's Skirt. 1997.</ref>]]
    [[File:Paul Gauguin 063.jpg|thumb|200px|''Papa Moe (Mysterious Water)'', an oil painting by the Westerner, Paul Gauguin, from 1893. It depicts a māhū in Tahiti drinking from a waterfall.<ref>Mario Vargas Llosa. "The men-women of the Pacific." ''Tate Britain.'' http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific</ref><ref>Stephen F. Eisenman. Gauguin's Skirt. 1997.</ref>]]


    * '''[[māhū]]'''. In Hawaii, in the Kanaka Maoli society, the māhū (meaning "in the middle") is a traditional gender role outside of the Western concept of gender. It is made of people who may have been [[Sexes#Assigned gender at birth|assigned either male or female at birth]]. This tradition existed before Western invaders.<ref name="tate">''[http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific The men-women of the Pacific]'', tate.org.uk/Tate Britain, [http://www.webcitation.org/6WpIsllud archive URL] 6 March 2015.</ref> The first published description of māhū is from 1789.<ref>William Bligh.  Bounty Logbook.  Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref> From 1820 onward, Westerners stigmatized and criminalized māhū.<ref>Aleardo Zanghellini. "Sodomy Laws and Gender Variance in Tahiti and Hawai'i." ''Laws'' Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2013), p. 51–68 doi: 10.3390/laws2020051</ref> Māhū still exist today,<ref name="tate" /> and play an important role in preserving and reviving Polynesian culture.<ref name=UHP95>Besnier, Niko, Alexeyeff, Kalissa. ''Gender on the edge : transgender, gay, and other Pacific islanders.'' Honolulu, 2014 isbn=9780824840198</ref><ref name=Robinson>Carol E. Robertson. 1989 "The Māhū of Hawai'i." ''Feminist Studies.'' volume 15, issue 2, pages=318. doi=10.2307/3177791 issn=0046-3663 jstor=3177791</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, which had one māhū respondent.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[māhū]]'''. In the Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures, the māhū (meaning "in the middle") is a traditional gender role outside of the Western concept of gender. It is made of people who may have been [[Sexes#Assigned gender at birth|assigned either male or female at birth]]. This tradition existed before Western invaders.<ref name="tate">''[http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific The men-women of the Pacific]'', tate.org.uk/Tate Britain, [http://www.webcitation.org/6WpIsllud archive URL] 6 March 2015.</ref> The first published description of māhū is from 1789.<ref>William Bligh.  Bounty Logbook.  Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref> From 1820 onward, Westerners stigmatized and criminalized māhū.<ref>Aleardo Zanghellini. "Sodomy Laws and Gender Variance in Tahiti and Hawai'i." ''Laws'' Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2013), p. 51–68 doi: 10.3390/laws2020051</ref> Māhū still exist today,<ref name="tate" /> and play an important role in preserving and reviving Polynesian culture.<ref name=UHP95>Besnier, Niko, Alexeyeff, Kalissa. ''Gender on the edge : transgender, gay, and other Pacific islanders.'' Honolulu, 2014 isbn=9780824840198</ref><ref name=Robinson>Carol E. Robertson. 1989 "The Māhū of Hawai'i." ''Feminist Studies.'' volume 15, issue 2, pages=318. doi=10.2307/3177791 issn=0046-3663 jstor=3177791</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, which had one māhū respondent.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
     
    * '''[[maverique]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by Vesper H. (queerascat) in 2014. A specific nonbinary gender identity "characterized by autonomy and inner conviction regarding a sense of self that is entirely independent of male/masculinity, female/femininity or anything which derives from the two while still being neither without gender nor of a neutral gender."<ref>''[http://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/89448452041/maverique-definition-reworded-06-21-14-a maverique]'', Vesper H. (queerascat), June 2014, captured April 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.64% (72) of the responses said they were maverique or mavrique.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[maverique]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by Vesper H. (queerascat) in 2014. A specific nonbinary gender identity "characterized by autonomy and inner conviction regarding a sense of self that is entirely independent of male/masculinity, female/femininity or anything which derives from the two while still being neither without gender nor of a neutral gender."<ref>''[http://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/89448452041/maverique-definition-reworded-06-21-14-a maverique]'', Vesper H. (queerascat), June 2014, captured April 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.64% (72) of the responses said they were maverique or mavrique.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 77: Line 91:


    [[File:Marche des Fiertés Paris 02 07 2016 06.jpg|thumb|200px|Photograph taken during the Paris Gay Pride March in 2016. The banner is printed with the colors of the nonbinary flag. The big letters say "My gender is nonbinary," with dozens of names of specific nonbinary identities listed in smaller letters in the background.]]
    [[File:Marche des Fiertés Paris 02 07 2016 06.jpg|thumb|200px|Photograph taken during the Paris Gay Pride March in 2016. The banner is printed with the colors of the nonbinary flag. The big letters say "My gender is nonbinary," with dozens of names of specific nonbinary identities listed in smaller letters in the background.]]
    * '''[[neutrois]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by a neutrois person named H. A. Burnham in 1995.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [http://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref> Having one non-binary gender identity that is neutral. Not female, not male, and not a mix. Some neutrois people are transsexual, experience gender dysphoria, and want to get a physical transition.<ref>''[http://neutrois.me/neutrois Define]'', Neutrois Nonsense, date unknown, captured April 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 3.54% (398) of the responses were neutrois.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[neutrois]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Coined by a neutrois person named H. A. Burnham in 1995.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [http://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref> Having one non-binary gender identity that is neutral. Not female, not male, and not a mix. Some neutrois people are transsexual, experience gender dysphoria, and want to get a physical transition.<ref>''[http://neutrois.me/neutrois Define]'', Neutrois Nonsense, date unknown, captured April 2016.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 3.54% (398) of the responses were neutrois.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[nonbinary]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is an umbrella term for all who don't identify as just female or male. Though there are innumarble kinds of nonbinary identities, some people identify as "nonbinary" only. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 68.37% (7686) of the responses used the word nonbinary for their identity, or for part of their identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[nonbinary]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is an umbrella term for all who don't identify as just female or male. Though there are innumarble kinds of nonbinary identities, some people identify as "nonbinary" only. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 68.37% (7686) of the responses used the word nonbinary for their identity, or for part of their identity.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[non-gendered]]'''. Having no gender. An identity popularized by non-gendered activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] since at least 2000.<ref>[http://www.gender.org.uk/conf/2000/elancane.htm The Fallacy of the Myth of Gender], Christie Elan-Cane, USA and London Gendys Conference, 2000 [https://elancane.livejournal.com/profile]</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 7 of the responses called themselves non-gendered, nongendered, or non gendered.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[non-gendered]]'''. Having no gender. An identity popularized by non-gendered activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] since at least 2000.<ref>[http://www.gender.org.uk/conf/2000/elancane.htm The Fallacy of the Myth of Gender], Christie Elan-Cane, USA and London Gendys Conference, 2000 [https://elancane.livejournal.com/profile]</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 7 of the responses called themselves non-gendered, nongendered, or non gendered.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 86: Line 103:


    * '''[[polygender]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Having several gender identities, particularly four or more of them. This can mean at different times, or at the same time.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20161015190830/http://polygender.co.uk/polygenfaq.htm</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 24 of the responses were polygender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[polygender]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> Having several gender identities, particularly four or more of them. This can mean at different times, or at the same time.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20161015190830/http://polygender.co.uk/polygenfaq.htm</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 24 of the responses were polygender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[pangender]]''' (from Greek πᾶν/pân "all, the whole"). A pangender person is a person who considers themselves as a member of all genders.<ref>http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Pangender</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 19 of the responses were polygender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[pangender]]''' (from Greek πᾶν/pân "all, the whole"). A pangender person is a person who considers themselves as a member of all genders.<ref>http://gender.wikia.com/wiki/Pangender</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 19 of the responses were polygender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />


    Line 91: Line 109:


    [[File:Twin Cities Pride Parade (18061984670).jpg|thumb|Pride marchers carrying a banner that says "Queer is hot, war is not." Twin Cities, 2013.]]
    [[File:Twin Cities Pride Parade (18061984670).jpg|thumb|Pride marchers carrying a banner that says "Queer is hot, war is not." Twin Cities, 2013.]]
    * '''[[queer]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A reclaimed slur for the LGBT+ community, and an umbrella term for identities that are not heterosexual and/or not cisgender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 43.46% (4886) of the responses used the word "queer" as an identity label, some of which used it as their only label for their identity. 72.74% (8177) responses used the word queer in total, including those where it was part of another identity term, such as genderqueer, neuroqueer, or queerdo.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />  
    * '''[[queer]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A reclaimed slur for the LGBT+ community, and an umbrella term for identities that are not heterosexual and/or not cisgender. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 43.46% (4886) of the responses used the word "queer" as an identity label, some of which used it as their only label for their identity. 72.74% (8177) responses used the word queer in total, including those where it was part of another identity term, such as genderqueer, neuroqueer, or queerdo.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />  


    Line 98: Line 117:


    [[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.]]
    [[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.]]
    * '''[[Gender-variant_identities_worldwide#third gender|third gender]]'''. A catch-all category that has been used for over a century by some Western anthropologists when talking about other cultures' societal gender roles that do not fit into Western ideas of gender binary or heterosexual roles. This umbrella term covers Native American [[Two-Spirit]]s, south Asian [[hijra]], and many others all over the world. Anthropologists are not consistent in what they use third gender to mean: some use it only means men who love men, some also use it to mean women who love women, some use it to mean a gender that isn't male or female, and so on. Some anthropologists use third gender to misrepresent how people in those cultures see themselves. Because of this problematic past of Westerners using "third gender" to objectify other cultures, people from those cultures can choose to reclaim "third gender" for their own use, but other people should think twice about it.<ref>Julia Serano, ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity.'' Unpaged.</ref> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 2.17% (244) of the responses were third gender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transfeminine]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A transgender person who transitions in a feminine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as female. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 6.24% (702) of the responses were transfeminine.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transfeminine]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A transgender person who transitions in a feminine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as female. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 6.24% (702) of the responses were transfeminine.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transgender]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is an umbrella term that refers to people whose identity differs from their assigned gender at birth. Some nonbinary people also use this word about their identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 30.56% (3435) responses called themselves by the word transgender. 11,916 responses called themselves by some form of the words trans, trans*, transsexual, transmasculine, transfeminine, trans nonbinary, and other variations on trans.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transgender]]'''<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> is an umbrella term that refers to people whose identity differs from their assigned gender at birth. Some nonbinary people also use this word about their identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 30.56% (3435) responses called themselves by the word transgender. 11,916 responses called themselves by some form of the words trans, trans*, transsexual, transmasculine, transfeminine, trans nonbinary, and other variations on trans.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transmasculine]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A transgender person who transitions in a masculine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as male. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census,  19.8% (2226) of the responses were transmasculine, trans masculine, trans masc, or transmasc.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[transmasculine]]'''.<ref name="NBGQ2016"></ref> A transgender person who transitions in a masculine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as male. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census,  19.8% (2226) of the responses were transmasculine, trans masculine, trans masc, or transmasc.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[Two-spirit]]'''. "Berdache" was an old word used by European-American anthropologists. Berdache was an umbrella term for all traditional gender and sexual identities in all cultures throughout the Americas that were outside of Western ideas of binary gender and heterosexual roles. These identities included the ''nádleeh'' in Diné (Navajo),<ref>Franc Johnson Newcomb (1980-06). Hosteen Klah: Navaho Medicine Man and Sand Painter. [[University of Oklahoma Press]]. {{ISBN|0-8061-1008-2}}.</ref><ref>Lapahie, Harrison, Jr. Hosteen Klah (Sir Left Handed). Lapahie.com. 2001 (retrieved 19 Oct 2009)</ref><ref>Berlo, Janet C. and Ruth B.  
    * '''[[Two-spirit]]'''. "Berdache" was an old word used by European-American anthropologists. Berdache was an umbrella term for all traditional gender and sexual identities in all cultures throughout the Americas that were outside of Western ideas of binary gender and heterosexual roles. These identities included the ''nádleeh'' in Diné (Navajo),<ref>Franc Johnson Newcomb (1980-06). Hosteen Klah: Navaho Medicine Man and Sand Painter. [[University of Oklahoma Press]]. {{ISBN|0-8061-1008-2}}.</ref><ref>Lapahie, Harrison, Jr. Hosteen Klah (Sir Left Handed). Lapahie.com. 2001 (retrieved 19 Oct 2009)</ref><ref>Berlo, Janet C. and Ruth B.  
    Phillips. Native North American Art. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|978-0-19-284218-3}} . pg. 34</ref> and the ''lhamana'' in Zuni,<ref name=Stevenson380>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p.&nbsp;380</ref>, among many others. In 1990, an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering chose to internationally replace "berdache" with "Two-Spirit" as a preferable umbrella term for these identities.<ref name=NativeOut101>"[http://nativeout.com/twospirit-rc/two-spirit-101/ Two Spirit 101]" at ''NativeOut''. Accessed 23 Sep 2015</ref><ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref> Two-Spirit was chosen to distance these identities from non-Natives,<ref name="de Vries 2009">{{cite book|last1=de Vries|first1=Kylan Mattias|editor1-last=O'Brien|editor1-first=Jodi|title=Encyclopedia of gender and society|date=2009|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles |isbn=9781412909167 |page=64 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nyHS4WyUKEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0|accessdate=6 March 2015|chapter=Berdache (Two-Spirit)}}</ref> and should only be used for people who are Native American, because it is for identities that must be contextualized in Native cultures.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r=0|title=A Spirit of Belonging, Inside and Out|work=The New York Times|date=8 Oct 2006|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Vowel-1>{{cite book|last1=Vowel|first1=Chelsea|editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title= Indigenous Writes: A Guide to First Nations, Métis & Inuit Issues in Canada|date=2016|publisher=Highwater Press|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada|isbn=978-1553796800|page=|accessdate=|chapter=All My Queer Relations - Language, Culture, and Two-Spirit Identity |ref=harv}}</ref> Because of the wide variety of identities under the Two-Spirit umbrella, a Two-Spirit person does not necessarily have an identity analogous to a non-Native nonbinary gender identity. Some do, but others are more analogous to non-Native gay male or lesbian woman identities. Notable people who identify specifically with the label "Two-Spirit" include Menominee poet Chrystos (b. 1946), who goes by they/them pronouns,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chrystos |url= http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/chrystos |website=PoetryFoundation.org |access-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brehm|first=Victoria|date=1998|title=Urban Survivor Stories: The Poetry of Chrystos|journal=Studies in American Indian Literatures|volume=10|issue=1|pages=73–82|jstor=20739440|issn=0730-3238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sorrel |first1=Lorraine |title=Review: Not Vanishing |journal=[[off our backs]] |date=March 31, 1989 |volume=19 |issue= 3}}</ref> and Ojibwe artist Raven Davis (b. 1975), who goes by neutral pronouns.<ref name="ednet">{{cite web|url=http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|title=Newsletter.May2015.pdf|accessdate=2015-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125220828/http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>IT ALL STARTS WITH AWARENESS -LGBTQ DAY IN ESKASONI. http://kinu.ca/news {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225027/http://kinu.ca/news |date=2015-11-25 }}</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 0.18% (20) of the responses called themselves Two Spirit or Two-Spirit.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    Phillips. Native North American Art. Oxford: [[Oxford University Press]], {{ISBN|978-0-19-284218-3}} . pg. 34</ref> and the ''lhamana'' in Zuni,<ref name=Stevenson380>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p.&nbsp;380</ref>, among many others. In 1990, an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering chose to internationally replace "berdache" with "Two-Spirit" as a preferable umbrella term for these identities.<ref name=NativeOut101>"[http://nativeout.com/twospirit-rc/two-spirit-101/ Two Spirit 101]" at ''NativeOut''. Accessed 23 Sep 2015</ref><ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref> Two-Spirit was chosen to distance these identities from non-Natives,<ref name="de Vries 2009">{{cite book|last1=de Vries|first1=Kylan Mattias|editor1-last=O'Brien|editor1-first=Jodi|title=Encyclopedia of gender and society|date=2009|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles |isbn=9781412909167 |page=64 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nyHS4WyUKEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0|accessdate=6 March 2015|chapter=Berdache (Two-Spirit)}}</ref> and should only be used for people who are Native American, because it is for identities that must be contextualized in Native cultures.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r=0|title=A Spirit of Belonging, Inside and Out|work=The New York Times|date=8 Oct 2006|accessdate=28 July 2016}}</ref><ref name=Vowel-1>{{cite book|last1=Vowel|first1=Chelsea|editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title= Indigenous Writes: A Guide to First Nations, Métis & Inuit Issues in Canada|date=2016|publisher=Highwater Press|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada|isbn=978-1553796800|page=|accessdate=|chapter=All My Queer Relations - Language, Culture, and Two-Spirit Identity |ref=harv}}</ref> Because of the wide variety of identities under the Two-Spirit umbrella, a Two-Spirit person does not necessarily have an identity analogous to a non-Native nonbinary gender identity. Some do, but others are more analogous to non-Native gay male or lesbian woman identities. Notable people who identify specifically with the label "Two-Spirit" include Menominee poet Chrystos (b. 1946), who goes by they/them pronouns,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chrystos |url= http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/chrystos |website=PoetryFoundation.org |access-date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brehm|first=Victoria|date=1998|title=Urban Survivor Stories: The Poetry of Chrystos|journal=Studies in American Indian Literatures|volume=10|issue=1|pages=73–82|jstor=20739440|issn=0730-3238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sorrel |first1=Lorraine |title=Review: Not Vanishing |journal=[[off our backs]] |date=March 31, 1989 |volume=19 |issue= 3}}</ref> and Ojibwe artist Raven Davis (b. 1975), who goes by neutral pronouns.<ref name="ednet">{{cite web|url=http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|title=Newsletter.May2015.pdf|accessdate=2015-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125220828/http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>IT ALL STARTS WITH AWARENESS -LGBTQ DAY IN ESKASONI. http://kinu.ca/news {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225027/http://kinu.ca/news |date=2015-11-25 }}</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 0.18% (20) of the responses called themselves Two Spirit or Two-Spirit.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    Line 111: Line 136:


    * '''[[xenogender]]'''. Coined by Baaphomett in 2014. "A gender that cannot be contained by human understandings of gender; more concerned with crafting other methods of gender categorization and hierarchy such as those relating to animals, plants, or other creatures/things."<ref>"Masterpost of genders coined by Baaphomett." 2014. MOGAI Archive. [http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett]</ref> An umbrella term for many nonbinary gender identities defined in reference to very different ideas than female or male. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.35% (40) of the responses called themselves "xenogender." Far more called themselves by specific genders under the xenogender umbrella, though that is hard to quantify or differentiate.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[xenogender]]'''. Coined by Baaphomett in 2014. "A gender that cannot be contained by human understandings of gender; more concerned with crafting other methods of gender categorization and hierarchy such as those relating to animals, plants, or other creatures/things."<ref>"Masterpost of genders coined by Baaphomett." 2014. MOGAI Archive. [http://mogai-archive.tumblr.com/post/91736136744/masterpost-of-genders-coined-by-baaphomett]</ref> An umbrella term for many nonbinary gender identities defined in reference to very different ideas than female or male. In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.35% (40) of the responses called themselves "xenogender." Far more called themselves by specific genders under the xenogender umbrella, though that is hard to quantify or differentiate.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    * '''[[X-gender]] (Xジェンダー, ekkusujendā)'''. In Japan, this is a common transgender identity that isn't female or male, much as the words "genderqueer" and "nonbinary" has come to be in the English-speaking world, to such a degree that "X-gender" is typically used as the Japanese translation for these.<ref name="RoxieSelected">Marilyn Roxie. "Selected links on nonbinary gender in Japan." March 28, 2013. [http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan]</ref> Therefore, a person does not need to be Japanese to be X-gender. The term "X-gender" began to be used during the latter 1990s, popularized by writings published by queer organizations in Kansai, in Osaka and Kyoto.<ref>http://rainbowaction.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-122.html</ref><ref name="Dale">S.P.F. Dale. "An Introduction to X-Jendā:
    * '''[[X-gender]] (Xジェンダー, ekkusujendā)'''. In Japan, this is a common transgender identity that isn't female or male, much as the words "genderqueer" and "nonbinary" has come to be in the English-speaking world, to such a degree that "X-gender" is typically used as the Japanese translation for these.<ref name="RoxieSelected">Marilyn Roxie. "Selected links on nonbinary gender in Japan." March 28, 2013. [http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan]</ref> Therefore, a person does not need to be Japanese to be X-gender. The term "X-gender" began to be used during the latter 1990s, popularized by writings published by queer organizations in Kansai, in Osaka and Kyoto.<ref>http://rainbowaction.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-122.html</ref><ref name="Dale">S.P.F. Dale. "An Introduction to X-Jendā:
    Examining a New Gender Identity in Japan." ''Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific'' Issue 31, December 2012. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm</ref> Notable X-gender people include manga artist [[Wikipedia:Yuu Watase|Yuu Watase]] (渡瀬 悠宇), who created the comics ''Fushigi Yūgi'' and ''Ceres, Celestial Legend.''<ref>https://twitter.com/wataseyuu_/status/1130461270358908928 ブログでもここでも呟いたけど、再度。 漫画にも影響してると思うから。 私はXジェンダーと医師に診断されてて、中身は、男にも女にも寄れるし男でも女でもない。 見た目はちゃんと(20代後半から社会に合わせて)どうせやるならやるでメイクもオシャレもする、それだけ。 女性の身体は否定しないが→ I blogged here and again, but again. I think it also affects manga. I have been diagnosed by X-gender and a doctor, and the contents are neither men nor women, nor men or women. It looks just fine (according to society from the late 20s), and if you do it, you can make and be fashionable. I do not deny the female body  カンガタリ:リマスター」⑪発売中 渡瀬悠宇:新刊「アラタ date 2019-05-20 @wataseyuu_ access-date=2019-08-16</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 4 of the responses called themselves X-gender or Xジェンダー.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />
    Examining a New Gender Identity in Japan." ''Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific'' Issue 31, December 2012. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm</ref> Notable X-gender people include manga artist [[Wikipedia:Yuu Watase|Yuu Watase]] (渡瀬 悠宇), who created the comics ''Fushigi Yūgi'' and ''Ceres, Celestial Legend.''<ref>https://twitter.com/wataseyuu_/status/1130461270358908928 ブログでもここでも呟いたけど、再度。 漫画にも影響してると思うから。 私はXジェンダーと医師に診断されてて、中身は、男にも女にも寄れるし男でも女でもない。 見た目はちゃんと(20代後半から社会に合わせて)どうせやるならやるでメイクもオシャレもする、それだけ。 女性の身体は否定しないが→ I blogged here and again, but again. I think it also affects manga. I have been diagnosed by X-gender and a doctor, and the contents are neither men nor women, nor men or women. It looks just fine (according to society from the late 20s), and if you do it, you can make and be fashionable. I do not deny the female body  カンガタリ:リマスター」⑪発売中 渡瀬悠宇:新刊「アラタ date 2019-05-20 @wataseyuu_ access-date=2019-08-16</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 4 of the responses called themselves X-gender or Xジェンダー.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />