Romantic and sexual orientation: Difference between revisions

    imported>TXJ
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    [[File:Sapphic Flag.jpg|thumb|A lesbian flag design created in 2018, [https://archive.is/0rFRD based off the colors of flowers in a poem by Sappho]. The link explains it was created specifically to include ''all'' lesbians, including those who are trans, [[butch]], and people of color.]]
    [[File:Sapphic Flag.jpg|thumb|A lesbian flag design created in 2018, [https://archive.is/0rFRD based off the colors of flowers in a poem by Sappho]. The link explains it was created specifically to include ''all'' lesbians, including those who are trans, [[butch]], and people of color.]]


    Simply put, people who identify as lesbians usually feel attraction to women. Historically and today, many lesbians have a gender identity and expression that they feel does not fit into the Western [[gender binary]] or patriarchal, heterosexual norms of womanhood. Some see "lesbian" as their gender identity as well as their sexuality.<ref name="Gender Census 2018">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2018 Identity words (public) |author=Cassian |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12cN-ooc5EuLIaqbmfqbjZffYldTzWRAHc-qZaRJ2xsQ/edit#gid=1402706910}}</ref><ref name="Gender Census 2019">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2019 - the public spreadsheet |author=Cassian |date=30 March 2019 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ePCyWMdorSHAaxNcd1Iv64oLvkdgeoZldTdGZZTHlvY/edit#gid=498446722}}</ref><ref>https://www.deviantart.com/pantomorph/art/lesbian-gender-pride-flag-806822407</ref> Some lesbians who use the words [[butch]], [[stone]], or [[dyke]] for themselves express and experience their gender identities through [[masculinity]], [[androgyny]], sexual difference, and nonconformity.<ref name=Feinberg>{{cite book|last1=Feinberg|first1=Leslie|title=Stone Butch Blues: A Novel|date=1993|edition=1st|publisher=[[Firebrand Books]]|location=|isbn=1563410303}}</ref><ref name=Halberstam>{{Cite book|last1=Halberstam|first1=Judith|title=Female Masculinity|year=1998|edition=1st|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111 111]|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|location=|chapter=Lesbian Masculinity: Even Stone Butches Get the Blues|isbn=0822322269|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111}}</ref><ref name="Krantz">{{cite journal|last1=Krantz|first1=Susan E.|title=Reconsidering the Etymology of Bulldike|journal=[[American Speech]]|date=1995|volume=70|issue=2|pages=217–221|doi=10.2307/455819|issn=00031283|url=https://scholarworks.uno.edu/engl_facpubs/41|jstor=455819}}</ref> Lesbians can be [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender women]], [[woman#transgender women|transgender women]], and even some genderqueer and nonbinary people who feel their identities [[gender alignment|align]] with womanhood ([[woman#nonbinary women|nonbinary women]]).<ref name="Carney">{{Cite web |title=In Defense of Non-Binary Lesbianism |last=Carney |first=Sasha |work=Broad Recognition |date=4 November 2019 |access-date=14 June 2020 |url= https://www.broadsatyale.com/in-defense-of-non-binary-lesbianism/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The struggles of rejecting the gender binary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/magazine/gender-nonbinary.html |date=4 June 2019 |work=The New York Times Magazine |access-date=1 February 2020 |last=Bergner |first=Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/44110/1/andrea-lawlor-paul-takes-the-form-of-a-mortal-girl-book-interview |title=Andrea Lawlor explores the wild possibilities of sexual-shapeshifting |publisher=Dazed |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/lesbian-slang-terms-definitions#slide-8 |title=17 lesbian slang terms every baby gay needs to learn |publisher=Refinery 29 |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ormiston |first=Wendy |title=Stone butch celebration: A Transgender-inspired revolution in academia |pages=198-216 |date=July 1996 |doi=10.17763/haer.66.2.46r7n64515203412 |journal=Harvard Educational Review |volume=66 |issue=2}}</ref>  
    Simply put, people who identify as lesbians usually woman who feel attraction to other women. Historically and today, many lesbians have a gender identity and expression that they feel does not fit into the Western [[gender binary]] or patriarchal, heterosexual norms of womanhood. Some see "lesbian" as their gender identity as well as their sexuality.<ref name="Gender Census 2018">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2018 Identity words (public) |author=Cassian |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12cN-ooc5EuLIaqbmfqbjZffYldTzWRAHc-qZaRJ2xsQ/edit#gid=1402706910}}</ref><ref name="Gender Census 2019">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2019 - the public spreadsheet |author=Cassian |date=30 March 2019 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ePCyWMdorSHAaxNcd1Iv64oLvkdgeoZldTdGZZTHlvY/edit#gid=498446722}}</ref><ref>https://www.deviantart.com/pantomorph/art/lesbian-gender-pride-flag-806822407</ref> Some lesbians who use the words [[butch]], [[stone]], or [[dyke]] for themselves express and experience their gender identities through [[masculinity]], [[androgyny]], sexual difference, and nonconformity.<ref name=Feinberg>{{cite book|last1=Feinberg|first1=Leslie|title=Stone Butch Blues: A Novel|date=1993|edition=1st|publisher=[[Firebrand Books]]|location=|isbn=1563410303}}</ref><ref name=Halberstam>{{Cite book|last1=Halberstam|first1=Judith|title=Female Masculinity|year=1998|edition=1st|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111 111]|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|location=|chapter=Lesbian Masculinity: Even Stone Butches Get the Blues|isbn=0822322269|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111}}</ref><ref name="Krantz">{{cite journal|last1=Krantz|first1=Susan E.|title=Reconsidering the Etymology of Bulldike|journal=[[American Speech]]|date=1995|volume=70|issue=2|pages=217–221|doi=10.2307/455819|issn=00031283|url=https://scholarworks.uno.edu/engl_facpubs/41|jstor=455819}}</ref> Lesbians can be [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender women]], [[woman#transgender women|transgender women]], and even some genderqueer and nonbinary people who feel their identities [[gender alignment|align]] with womanhood ([[woman#nonbinary women|nonbinary women]]).<ref name="Carney">{{Cite web |title=In Defense of Non-Binary Lesbianism |last=Carney |first=Sasha |work=Broad Recognition |date=4 November 2019 |access-date=14 June 2020 |url= https://www.broadsatyale.com/in-defense-of-non-binary-lesbianism/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The struggles of rejecting the gender binary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/magazine/gender-nonbinary.html |date=4 June 2019 |work=The New York Times Magazine |access-date=1 February 2020 |last=Bergner |first=Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/44110/1/andrea-lawlor-paul-takes-the-form-of-a-mortal-girl-book-interview |title=Andrea Lawlor explores the wild possibilities of sexual-shapeshifting |publisher=Dazed |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/lesbian-slang-terms-definitions#slide-8 |title=17 lesbian slang terms every baby gay needs to learn |publisher=Refinery 29 |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ormiston |first=Wendy |title=Stone butch celebration: A Transgender-inspired revolution in academia |pages=198-216 |date=July 1996 |doi=10.17763/haer.66.2.46r7n64515203412 |journal=Harvard Educational Review |volume=66 |issue=2}}</ref>  


    Some notable nonbinary lesbians include:
    Some notable nonbinary lesbians include:
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    * American musician [[Stevie Knipe]]<ref name="11-10-2019">{{cite tweet|title=it's national coming out day! I'm a non-binary lesbian and I use they/them and I recently started using the name “stevie”! past selves I was a straight het person and then a bisexual lady and then a queer gender fluid person. everyone’s journey is different! give ur self time [red heart emoji]|date=11 October 2019|user=adultmomband|number=1182677852136923141}}</ref>
    * American musician [[Stevie Knipe]]<ref name="11-10-2019">{{cite tweet|title=it's national coming out day! I'm a non-binary lesbian and I use they/them and I recently started using the name “stevie”! past selves I was a straight het person and then a bisexual lady and then a queer gender fluid person. everyone’s journey is different! give ur self time [red heart emoji]|date=11 October 2019|user=adultmomband|number=1182677852136923141}}</ref>
    * American ballet dancer and choreographer [[Katy Pyle]] identifies as a [[genderqueer]] lesbian.<ref>[http://www.ballez.org/company/ Bio], retrieved May 17, 2020</ref>
    * American ballet dancer and choreographer [[Katy Pyle]] identifies as a [[genderqueer]] lesbian.<ref>[http://www.ballez.org/company/ Bio], retrieved May 17, 2020</ref>
    * Australian actor [[Ruby Rose]], a [[genderfluid]] lesbian<ref name="Gomez">{{Cite web |title=Gender-fluid Ruby Rose opens up about the backlash she's received for identifying as a lesbian |trans-title= |last=Gomez |first=Patrick |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020 |url= https://ew.com/celebrity/paul-lynde-life-legacy/ }}</ref>
    * Australian actor [[Ruby Rose]], a [[genderfluid]] lesbian<ref name="Gomez">{{Cite web |title=Gender-fluid Ruby Rose opens up about the backlash she's received for identifying as a lesbian |trans-title= |last=Gomez |first=Patrick |work=Entertainment Weekly |date=5 June 2019 |access-date=27 May 2020 |url= https://ew.com/celebrity/paul-lynde-life-legacy/ }}</ref>
    *American<ref name="OralHistory">{{Cite web |title=OralHistoryArchive • From a Whisper to a Roar lesbian decriminalisation |author= |work=From a Whisper to a Roar |date=17 June 2019 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= http://www.whisper2roar.org.uk/oral-history-archive/}}</ref> LGBT+ activist [[Jamie Wildman]] (1950-2020).<ref name="Video">{{Cite web |title=Coming out as non-binary at age 69 {{!}} This Is Life |author=PinkNews |work=YouTube |date=13 April 2020 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-W7AXC8URI}}</ref>
    *American<ref name="OralHistory">{{Cite web |title=OralHistoryArchive • From a Whisper to a Roar lesbian decriminalisation |author= |work=From a Whisper to a Roar |date=17 June 2019 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= http://www.whisper2roar.org.uk/oral-history-archive/}}</ref> LGBT+ activist [[Jamie Wildman]] (1950-2020).<ref name="Video">{{Cite web |title=Coming out as non-binary at age 69 {{!}} This Is Life |author=PinkNews |work=YouTube |date=13 April 2020 |access-date=8 May 2020 |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-W7AXC8URI}}</ref>
    *American musician and comedian [[Maxine Feldman|Maxine "Max" Feldman]] (1945-2007) identified as a transgender butch lesbian and his/her gender identity was described by his/her partner as "both/and".<ref name="Kiritsy">{{cite news|last=Kiritsy|first=Laura|title=Lesbian trail blazer Maxine Feldman dies|url=http://www.edgeprovidence.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=36268|newspaper=Edge Providence|date=August 30, 2007}}</ref>
    *American musician and comedian [[Maxine Feldman|Maxine "Max" Feldman]] (1945-2007) identified as a transgender butch lesbian and his/her gender identity was described by his/her partner as "both/and".<ref name="Kiritsy">{{cite news|last=Kiritsy|first=Laura|title=Lesbian trail blazer Maxine Feldman dies|url=http://www.edgeprovidence.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=36268|newspaper=Edge Providence|date=August 30, 2007}}</ref>