Module:Citation/CS1

Documentation for this module may be created at Module:Citation/CS1/doc

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Module:Citation/CS1 - Lua module for Citation Style 1 templates
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               (see NOTES at bottom)
--require "mw.text"

local z = {
    wikitext = require("Module:Wikitext"),
    mw = require("Module:Mw")
}

function hideinprint(content)
    return content
end

function onlyinprint(content)
    return ""
end

function nowiki(frame, content)
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="nowiki",contents=content,params={}}, frame)
end

function externallinkid(frame, args)
    local sep = args.separator or " "
    args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
    local url_string = args.id
    if args.encode == true or args.encode == nil then
        url_string = z.mw.url.encode( url_string );
    end
    
    local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id)
    local t1 = hideinprint("[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[" .. args.prefix .. url_string .. args.suffix .. " " .. nowiki(frame, args.id) .. "]")
    
    return t0 .. t1
end

function internallinkid(frame, args)
    local sep = args.separator or " "
    args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
    local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id)
    local t1 = hideinprint("[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[[" .. args.prefix .. args.id .. args.suffix .. "|" .. nowiki(frame, args.id) .. "]]")
    return t0 .. t1
end

function amazon(frame, id, domain)
    if ( nil == domain ) then 
        domain = "com"
    elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
        domain = "co." .. domain
    end
    return externallinkid(frame, {link="Amazon Standard Identification Number",label="ASIN",prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id})
end

function doi(frame, id, inactive, nocat)
    local cat = ""
    local text;
    if ( inactive ~= nil ) then 
        text = "[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:" .. id;
        cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. selectyear(inactive) .. "]]"
        inactive = " (inactive " .. inactive .. ")" 
    else 
        text = externallinkid(frame, {link="Digital object identifier",label="doi",prefix="http://dx.doi.org/",id=id,separator=":"})
        inactive = "" 
    end
    if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= "10." ) then
        cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOI errors]]" .. '<span class="error"> Bad DOI (expected "10." prefix) in code number</span>'
    end
    if ( nocat and nocat ~= "" ) then cat = "" end
    return text .. inactive .. cat    
 end

function url(frame, id)
    local t0 = onlyinprint(id)
    local t1 = hideinprint("[" .. id .. " " .. nowiki(frame, id) .. "]")
    return t0 .. t1
end

function safeforurl( str )
    return str:gsub('%[','&#91;'):gsub('%]','&#93;'):gsub("\n", " ");
end

function hyphentodash( str )
    return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
end

function safeforitalics( str )
    if str == nil or str == '' then
        return str;
    else
        if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end
        if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end
        return str;
    end
end

function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
    --[[
    Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
    
    This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
    long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
    in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
    ]]
    
    local str = '';
    local comp = '';
    for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
        if value == nil then value = ''; end
        
        if str == '' then
            str = value;
        elseif value ~= '' then
            if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
                -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
                comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
            else
                comp = value;
            end
            
            if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
                if str:sub(-1,-1) == duplicate_char then
                    str = str:sub(1,-2) .. value;
                elseif str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then                  
                    str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''" .. value;
                elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                    str = str:sub(1,-3) .. value;
                else
                    str = str .. value;
                end
            else
                str = str .. value;
            end
        end
    end
    return str;
end  

function selectyear( str )
    local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
    local good, result;
    good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str )
    if good then 
        return result;
    else
        return '';
    end
end

function openlibrary(frame, id)
    local cat = ""
    local prefix = ""
    local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
    if ( code == "A" ) then
        prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL"
    elseif ( code == "M" ) then
        prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/books/OL"
    elseif ( code == "W" ) then
        prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL"
    else
        prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/OL"
        cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with OL errors]]"
    end
    local text = externallinkid(frame, {link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix=prefix,id=id})
    return text .. cat
end

function reducetoinitials(first)
    local initials = {}
    for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do
        table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
    end
    return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end

function listpeople(control, people)
    local sep = control.sep;
    if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
    local namesep = control.namesep
    local format = control.format
    local maximum = control.maximum
    local text = {}
    local etal = false;
    for i,person in ipairs(people) do
        if (person.last ~= nil or person.last ~= "") then
            local mask = person.mask
            local one
            if ( maximum ~= nil and i == maximum + 1 ) then
                etal = true;
                break;
            elseif (mask ~= nil) then
                local n = tonumber(mask)
                if (n ~= nil) then
                    one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
                else
                    one = mask
                end
            else
                one = person.last
                local first = person.first
                if (first ~= nil) then 
                    if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                    one = one .. namesep .. first 
                end
                if (person.link ~= nil and person.link ~= "") then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end
            end
            table.insert(text, one)
        end
    end
    local count = #text;
    local result = table.concat(text, sep) -- construct list
    if etal then 
        local etal_text = "et al."
        if (sepc == ".") then etal_text = "et al" end
        result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
    end
    
    if ( "scap" == format ) then result= z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=result, params={class="smallcaps", style="font-variant:small-caps;"}}) end -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps
    return result, count
end

function anchorid(args)
    local P1 = args[1] or ""
    local P2 = args[2] or ""
    local P3 = args[3] or ""
    local P4 = args[4] or ""
    local P5 = args[5] or ""
    return "CITEREF" .. P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5
end

function refid(args)
    local p = args.p or ""
    local pp = args.pp or ""
    local loc = args.loc or ""
    return anchorid(args) .. p .. pp .. loc    
end

function name(args)
    local P1 = args[1] or ""
    if ( args[5] ~= nil) then
        return P1 .. " et al."
    else
        local P2 = args[2] or ""
        local P3 = args[3] or "" 
        local P4 = args[4] or ""
        if ( args[4] ~= nil ) then
            P4 = " " .. P4
            P3 = ", & " .. P3
            P2 = ", " .. P2
        elseif ( args[3] ~= nil ) then
            P3 = " " .. P3
            P2 = " & " .. P2
        elseif ( args[2] ~= nil ) then
            P2 = " " .. P2            
        end
        return P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4
    end 
end

function crossref(frame, args)
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local LB = config.BracketLeft or ""
    local RB = config.BracketRight or ""
    local anchor = args.ref or args.Ref or anchorid(args)
    local text = name(args)
    local loc = args.loc
    local page
    local pages = args.pp or args.pages
    if pages == nil or pages == '' then
        page = args.p or args.page;
    end 
    if nil == loc then loc = "" else loc = " " .. loc end
    if ( page ~= nil ) then
        local pagesep = config.PageSep or ", p. "
        loc = loc .. pagesep .. page
    end
    if ( pages ~= nil ) then
        local pagessep = config.PagesSep or ", pp. "
        loc = loc .. pagessep .. pages
    end        
    local pagename = args.pagename or ""
    local ps = args.Postscript or ""
    return LB .. "[[" .. pagename .. "#" .. anchor .. "|" .. text .. "]]" .. loc .. RB .. ps
end

function extractauthor(args, i)
    local last = args["author" .. i .. "-last"] or args["author-last" .. i] or args["last" .. i] or args["surname" .. i] or args["Author" .. i] or args["author" .. i]
    if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
        return {
            last = last,
            first = args["author" .. i .. "-first"] or args["author-first" .. i] or args["first" .. i] or args["given" .. i],
            link = args["author" .. i .. "-link"] or args["author-link" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "link"] or args["authorlink" .. i],
            mask = args["author" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["author-mask" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "mask"] or args["authormask" .. i]
        }
    else
        return nil
    end
end

function extracteditor(args, i)
    local last = args["editor" .. i .. "-last"] or args["editor-last" .. i] or args["EditorSurname" .. i] or args["Editor" .. i] or args["editor" .. i]
    if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
        return {
            last = last,
            first = args["editor" .. i .. "-first"] or args["editor-first" .. i] or args["EditorGiven" .. i],
            link = args["editor" .. i .. "-link"] or args["editor-link" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "link"] or args["editorlink" .. i],
            mask = args["editor" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["editor-mask" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "mask"] or args["editormask" .. i]
        }
    else
        return nil
    end
end

function citation0(frame, args)
    local config = {};
    for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        config[k] = v;
    end

    --------------------------------------------------- Get parameters    
    local PPrefix = config.PPrefix or "p.&nbsp;"
    local PPPrefix = config.PPPrefix or "pp.&nbsp;"
    if ( nil ~= args.nopp ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
    
    -- Transfer unnumbered arguments to numbered arguments if necessary.
    args["author1"] = args.author1 or args.author or args.authors
    args["author1-last"] = args["author1-last"] or args["author-last"] or args["last"]
    args["author1-first"] = args["author1-first"] or args["author-first"]
      or args.first or args.first1 or args.given or args.given1
    args["author1-link"] = args["author1-link"] or args["author-link"]
    args["author1-mask"] = args["author1-mask"] or args["author-mask"]
    args["author1link"] = args["author1link"] or args["authorlink"]    
    args["editor1"] = args["editor1"] or args["editor"]
    args["editor1-last"] = args["editor1-last"] or args["editor-last"]
    args["editor1-first"] = args["editor1-first"] or args["editor-first"]
    args["editor1-link"] = args["editor1-link"] or args["editor-link"]
    args["editor1-mask"] = args["editor1-mask"] or args["editor-mask"]
    args["editor1link"] = args["editor1link"] or args["editorlink"]    

    -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates define different field names for the same underlying things.    
    local Authors = args.authors
    local i 
    local a = {}
    i = 1
    while true do
        a[i] = extractauthor(args, i)
        if ( nil == a[i]) then break end
        i = i + 1
    end
    local Coauthors = args.coauthors or args.coauthor 
    local Others = args.others 
    local EditorMask = args.editormask or args["editor-mask"]
    local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
    local Editors = args.editors
    local e = {} 
    i = 1
    while true do
        e[i] = extracteditor(args, i)
        if ( nil == e[i]) then break end
        i = i + 1
    end
    local Year = args.year 
    local PublicationDate = args.publicationdate or args["publication-date"]
    local OrigYear = args.origyear
    local Date = args.date
    local LayDate = args.laydate
    ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
    local Title = args.title or args.encyclopaedia or args.encyclopedia or args.dictionary
    local BookTitle = args.booktitle
    local Conference = args.conference
    local TransTitle = args.trans_title
    local TitleNote = args.department
    local TitleLink = args.titlelink or args.episodelink
    local Chapter = args.chapter or args.contribution or args.entry
    local ChapterLink = args.chapterlink
    local TransChapter = args["trans-chapter"] or args.trans_chapter
    local TitleType = args.type
    local ArchiveURL = args["archive-url"] or args.archiveurl
    local URL = args.url
    local ChapterURL = args["chapter-url"] or args.chapterurl
    local ConferenceURL = args["conference-url"] or args.conferenceurl
    local Periodical = args.journal or args.newspaper or args.magazine or args.work or args.periodical or args.encyclopedia or args.encyclopaedia
    if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
        if ( args.article and args.article ~= "") then
            if ( Title and Title ~= "") then Periodical = Title end
            Chapter = args.article
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = ""            
        elseif ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == '' ) then
            if Title ~= args.encyclopedia then 
                Chapter = Title
                TransChapter = TransTitle
                Title = ""            
            end            
        end
        if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "") then
            if Periodical == Title or Periodical == Chapter then Periodical = '' end
        end
    end
    local Series = args.series or args.version
    local Volume = args.volume
    local Issue = args.issue or args.number
    local Position = nil
    local Page
    local Pages = args.pages
    if Pages == nil or Pages == '' then
        Page = args.page  -- allows Pages to override Page
    else
        Pages = hyphentodash( Pages );
    end

    local PP = args.pp
    local At = args.at
    local Edition = args.edition
    local PublicationPlace = args["publication-place"] or args.publicationplace or args.place or args.location
    local Location = PublicationPlace
    local PublisherName = args.publisher
    local SubscriptionRequired = args.subscription
    local Via = args.via
    local AccessDate = args["access-date"] or args.accessdate
    local ArchiveDate = args["archive-date"] or args.archivedate
    local Agency = args.agency
    local DeadURL = args.deadurl
    local Language = args.language or args["in"]
    local Format = args.format
    local Ref = args.ref or args.Ref
    local ARXIV = args.arxiv or args.ARXIV
    local ASIN = args.asin or args.ASIN 
    local ASINTLD = args["ASIN-TLD"] or args["asin-tld"]
    local BIBCODE = args.bibcode or args.BIBCODE
    local DOI = args.doi or args.DOI
    local DoiBroken = args.doi_inactivedate or args.doi_brokendate or args.DoiBroken
    local ID = args.id or args.ID
    local ISBN = args.isbn13 or args.isbn or args.ISBN
    local ISSN = args.issn or args.ISSN
    local JFM = args.jfm or args.JFM
    local JSTOR = args.jstor or args.JSTOR
    local LCCN = args.lccn or args.LCCN
    local MR = args.mr or args.MR
    local OCLC = args.oclc or args.OCLC
    local OL = args.ol or args.OL
    local OSTI = args.osti or args.OSTI
    local PMC = args.pmc or args.PMC
    local PMID = args.pmid or args.PMID
    local RFC = args.rfc or args.RFC
    local SSRN = args.ssrn or args.SSRN
    local ZBL = args.zbl or args.ZBL
    local Quote = args.quote or args.quotation
    local PostScript = args.postscript
    local LaySummary = args.laysummary
    local LaySource = args.laysource
    local Transcript = args.transcript
    local TranscriptURL = args["transcript-url"] or args.transcripturl
    local sepc = args.separator

    if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
        if (URL == nil or URL == "") then
          if (PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="")
            then URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC" .. PMC
            else URL=""
          end
        end
    elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) then
        sepc = ","
        if ( Ref == nil ) then Ref = "harv" end
    end
    if ( sepc == nil ) then sepc = "." end 
    if ( DeadURL == nil ) then DeadURL = "yes" end

    -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
    
    -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
    if ( BookTitle ) then
        Chapter = Title
        ChapterLink = TitleLink
        TransChapter = TransTitle
        Title = BookTitle
        TitleLink = nil
        TransTitle = nil
    end
    -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
    if config.CitationClass == "episode" then
        local AirDate = args.airdate
        local SeriesLink = args.serieslink
        local Season = args.season
        local SeriesNumber = args.seriesnumber or args.seriesno
        local Network = args.network
        local Station = args.station
        local s = {}
        if Issue ~= nil then table.insert(s, "episode " .. Issue) Issue = nil end
        if Season ~= nil then table.insert(s, "season " .. Season) end
        if SeriesNumber ~= nil then table.insert(s, "series " .. SeriesNumber) end
        local n = {}
        if Network ~= nil then table.insert(n, Network) end
        if Station ~= nil then table.insert(n, Station) end
        Date = Date or AirDate
        Chapter = Title
        ChapterLink = TitleLink
        TransChapter = TransTitle
        Title = Series
        TitleLink = SeriesLink
        TransTitle = nil
        local Sep = args["series-separator"] or args["separator"] or ". "
        Series = table.concat(s, Sep)
        ID = table.concat(n, Sep)
    end
    
    -- These data form a COinS tag (see <http://ocoins.info/>) which allows automated tools to parse the citation information.
    local OCinSdata = {} -- COinS metadata excluding id, bibcode, doi, etc.
    local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004" 
    OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
    if ( nil ~= Periodical ) then
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "article"
        OCinSdata["rft.jtitle"] = Periodical
        if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
    end
    if ( nil ~= Chapter and "" ~= Chapter) then
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"
        OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Chapter
        if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
    else
        OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "book"
	    if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Title end
    end
    OCinSdata["rft.place"] = PublicationPlace
    OCinSdata["rft.date"] = Date or Year or PublicationDate
    OCinSdata["rft.series"] = Series
    OCinSdata["rft.volume"] = Volume
    OCinSdata["rft.issue"] = Issue
    OCinSdata["rft.pages"] = Page or Pages or At
    OCinSdata["rft.edition"] = Edition
    OCinSdata["rft.pub"] = PublisherName
    OCinSdata["rft.isbn"] = ISBN
    OCinSdata["rft.issn"] = ISSN
    OCinSdata["rft.jfm"] = JFM
    OCinSdata["rft.jstor"] = JSTOR
    OCinSdata["rft.lccn"] = LCCN
    OCinSdata["rft.mr"] = MR
    OCinSdata.rft_id = URL or ChapterURL
    if ( nil ~= a[1] and nil ~= a[1].last) then
    local last = a[1].last
	local first = a[1].first
	OCinSdata["rft.aulast"] = last
        if ( nil ~= first ) then 
	    OCinSdata["rft.aufirst"] = first
	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last .. (args.NameSep or ", ") .. first
	else
	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last
        end
    end
    local OCinSids = {} -- COinS data only for id, bibcode, doi, pmid, etc.
    OCinSids["info:arxiv"] = ARXIV
    OCinSids["info:asin"] = ASIN
    OCinSids["info:bibcode"] = BIBCODE
    OCinSids["info:doi"] = DOI
    OCinSids["info:oclcnum"] = OCLC
    OCinSids["info:olnum"] = OL
    OCinSids["info:osti"] = OSTI
    OCinSids["info:pmc"] = PMC
    OCinSids["info:pmid"] = PMID
    OCinSids["info:rfc"] = RFC
    OCinSids["info:ssrn"] = SSRN
    OCinSids["info:zbl"] = ZBL
    local OCinStitle = "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
    for name,value in pairs(OCinSids) do
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rft_id=" .. z.mw.url.encode(name .. "/" .. value)
    end
    for name,value in pairs(OCinSdata) do
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&" .. name .. "=" .. z.mw.url.encode(value)
    end
    OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:"
       .. config.fullpagename  -- end COinS data by page's non-encoded pagename

    -- Now perform various field substitutions.
    -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
    if ( Authors == nil ) then 
        local AuthorNameSep = args["author-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or "&#44;"
        AuthorNameSep = AuthorNameSep .. " "
        local AuthorSep = args["author-separator"] or args["separator"] or "&#59;"
        AuthorSep = AuthorSep .. " "
        local AuthorFormat = args["author-format"] or args.authorformat
        local AuthorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-authors"] or args.displayauthors) or 8
        local control = { sep = AuthorSep, namesep = AuthorNameSep, format = AuthorFormat, maximum = AuthorMaximum }
        Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
    end
    local EditorCount
    if ( Editors == nil ) then 
        local EditorNameSep = args["editor-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or "&#44; "
        local EditorSep = args["editor-separator"] or args["separator"] or "&#59; "
        local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
        local EditorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-editors"] or args.displayeditors) or 3
        local control = { sep = EditorSep, namesep = EditorNameSep, format = EditorFormat, maximum = EditorMaximum }
        Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e) 
    else
        EditorCount = 1;
    end
    if ( Date == nil or Date == "") then
--   there's something hinky with how this adds dashes to perfectly-good free-standing years
--[[        Date = Year
        if ( Date ~= nil ) then
            local Month = args.month
            if ( Month == nil ) then 
                local Began = args.began
                local Ended = args.ended
                if Began ~= nil and Ended ~= nil then
                    Month = Began .. "&ndash;" .. Ended
                else
                    Month = "&ndash;"
                end
            end
            Date = Month .. " " .. Date
            local Day = args.day
            if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
        end
]] -- so let's use the original version for now
        Date = Year
        if ( Date ~= nil and Date ~="") then
            local Month = args.month
            if ( Month ~= nil and Month ~= "") then 
                Date = Month .. " " .. Date 
                local Day = args.day
                if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
                else Month = ""
            end
            else Date = ""
        end
    end
    if ( PublicationDate == Date or PublicationDate == Year ) then PublicationDate = nil end
    if( (Date == nil or Date == "") and PublicationDate ~= nil ) then 
        Date = PublicationDate;
        PublicationDate = nil;
    end    

    -- Captures the value for Date prior to adding parens or other textual transformations
    local DateIn = Date

    if ( Format ~= nil and Format ~="" ) then
        Format = " (" .. Format .. ")" else Format = "" end
    if ( ArchiveURL and "" < ArchiveURL ) then
        if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
          local temp = URL
          URL = ArchiveURL
        end
    end
    if ( TransTitle and "" < TransTitle ) then TransTitle = " [" .. TransTitle .. "&#93;" else TransTitle = "" end
    if ( TransChapter and "" < TransChapter ) then TransChapter = " [" .. TransChapter .. "&#93;" else TransChapter = "" end
    if ( Chapter and "" < Chapter ) then
        if ( ChapterLink and "" < ChapterLink ) then Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]" end
        if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical
            and config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia"
        ) then
            Chapter = "''" .. safeforitalics(Chapter) .. "''"
        else
            Chapter = "\"" .. Chapter .. "\""
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter
        if ( ChapterLink == nil ) then
            if ( ChapterURL and "" < ChapterURL ) then
                Chapter = "[" .. ChapterURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter )  .. "]"
            elseif ( URL and "" < URL ) then 
                Chapter = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter ) .. "]" .. Format
                URL = nil
                Format = ""
            end
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
    else 
        Chapter = "" 
    end
    if ( Title and "" < Title ) then
        if ( TitleLink and "" < TitleLink ) then
            Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]" end
        if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) then
            Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
        elseif ( config.CitationClass == "web"
              or config.CitationClass == "news" ) then
            Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
        else
            Title = "''" .. safeforitalics(Title) .. "''"
        end
        Title = Title .. TransTitle
        if ( TitleLink == nil and URL and "" < URL ) then 
            Title = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Title ) .. "]" .. Format
            URL = nil
            Format = ''
        end
    else 
        Title = "" 
    end
    if ( Conference ~= nil and Conference ~="" ) then
        if ( ConferenceURL ~= nil ) then
            Conference = "[" .. ConferenceURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Conference ) .. "]"
        end
        Conference = " " .. Conference
    else 
        Conference = "" 
    end
    if ( nil ~= Position or nil ~= Page or nil ~= Pages ) then At = nil end
    if ( nil == Position and "" ~= Position ) then
        local Minutes = args.minutes
        if ( nil ~= Minutes ) then
            Position = " " .. Minutes .. " minutes in"
        else
            local Time = args.time
            if ( nil ~= Time ) then
                local TimeCaption = args.timecaption or "Event occurs at"
                Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time
            else
                Position = ""
            end
        end
    else
        Position = " " .. Position
    end
    if ( nil == Page or "" == Page ) then 
        Page = "" 
    elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
        Page = ": " .. Page
    else
        Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page
    end
    if ( nil == Pages or "" == Pages) then 
        Pages = "" 
    elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
        Pages = ": " .. Pages
    else
        if ( tonumber(Pages) ~= nil ) then
          Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages
        else Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages
        end
    end
    if ( At ~= nil and At ~="") then At = sepc .. " " .. At
    else At = "" end
    if ( Coauthors == nil ) then Coauthors = "" end
    if ( Others ~= nil and Others ~="" ) then
        Others = sepc .. " " .. Others else Others = "" end
    if ( TitleType ~= nil and TitleType ~="" ) then
        TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")" else TitleType = "" end
    if ( TitleNote ~= nil and TitleNote ~="" ) then
        TitleNote = sepc .. " " .. TitleNote else TitleNote = "" end
    if ( PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~="" ) then
        PublicationPlace = PublicationPlace .. ": "
        else PublicationPlace = "" end
    if ( Language ~= nil and Language ~="" ) then
        Language = " (in " .. Language .. ")" else Language = "" end
    if ( Edition ~= nil and Edition ~="" ) then
        Edition = " (" .. Edition .. " ed.)" else Edition = "" end
    if ( Volume ~= nil and Volume ~="" )
    then
        if ( string.len(Volume) > 4 )
          then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume
          else Volume = " <b>" .. Volume .. "</b>"
        end
    else Volume = "" end
    if ( Issue ~= nil and Issue ~="" ) then
        Issue = " (" .. Issue .. ")" else Issue = "" end
    if ( Series ~= nil and Series ~="" ) then
        Series = sepc .. " " .. Series else Series = "" end
    if ( OrigYear ~= nil and OrigYear ~="" ) then
        OrigYear = " [" .. OrigYear .. "]" else OrigYear = "" end
    if ( Agency ~= nil and Agency ~="" ) then
        Agency = sepc .. " " .. Agency else Agency = "" end
    ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
    if ( Date ~= nil ) then Date = Date else Date = "" end
    if ( Via ~= nil and Via ~="" ) then
        Via = " &mdash; via " .. Via else Via = "" end
    if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~="" )
    then local retrv_text = " retrieved "
         if (sepc == ".") then retrv_text = " Retrieved " end
         AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">'
         .. sepc .. retrv_text .. AccessDate .. '</span>'
    else AccessDate = "" end
    if ( SubscriptionRequired ~= nil and
         SubscriptionRequired ~= "" ) then
        SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents="(subscription required)", params={style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"}})
    else
        SubscriptionRequired = ""
    end
    if ( ARXIV ~= nil and ARXIV ~= "" ) then
        ARXIV = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="arXiv",link="arXiv",prefix="http://arxiv.org/abs/",id=ARXIV,separator=":",encode=false}) else ARXIV = "" end
    if ( ASIN ~= nil and ASIN ~= "" ) then 
        ASIN = sepc .. " " .. amazon(frame, ASIN, ASINTLD) else ASIN = "" end
    if ( BIBCODE ~= nil and BIBCODE ~= "" ) then
        BIBCODE = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="Bibcode",link="Bibcode",prefix="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/",id=BIBCODE,separator=":"}) else BIBCODE = "" end
    if ( DOI ~= nil and DOI ~= "" ) then
       DOI = sepc .. " " .. doi(frame, DOI, DoiBroken) else DOI = "" end
    if ( ID ~= nil and ID ~="") then ID = sepc .." ".. ID else ID="" end
    if ( ISBN ~= nil and ISBN ~= "") then
        ISBN = sepc .. " " .. internallinkid(frame, {label="ISBN",link="International Standard Book Number",prefix="Special:BookSources/",id=ISBN}) else ISBN = "" end
    if ( ISSN ~= nil and ISSN ~="" ) then
        ISSN = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="ISSN",link="International Standard Serial Number",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/issn/",id=ISSN,encode=false}) else ISSN = "" end
    if ( JFM ~= nil and JFM ~="" ) then
        JFM = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="JFM",link="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=JFM}) else JFM = "" end
    if ( JSTOR ~= nil and JSTOR ~="") then
        JSTOR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="JSTOR",link="JSTOR",prefix="http://www.jstor.org/stable/",id=JSTOR}) else JSTOR = "" end
    if ( LCCN ~= nil and LCCN ~="" ) then
        LCCN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="LCCN",link="Library of Congress Control Number",prefix="http://lccn.loc.gov/",id=LCCN,encode=false}) else LCCN = "" end
    if ( MR ~= nil and MR ~="" ) then
        MR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="MR",link="Mathematical Reviews",prefix="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=",id=MR}) else MR = "" end
    if ( OCLC ~= nil and OCLC ~="") then 
        OCLC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="OCLC",link="OCLC",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/",id=OCLC}) else OCLC = "" end
    if ( OL ~= nil and OL ~="") then
        OL = sepc .." " .. openlibrary(frame, OL) else OL = "" end
    if ( OSTI ~= nil and OSTI ~="") then
        OSTI = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="OSTI",link="Office of Scientific and Technical Information",prefix="http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=",id=OSTI}) else OSTI = "" end
    if ( PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="") then
        PMC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="PMC",link="PubMed Central",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC",suffix=" ",id=PMC}) else PMC = "" end
    if ( PMID ~= nil and PMID ~="") then
        PMID = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="PMID",link="PubMed Identifier",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/",id=PMID,encode=false}) else PMID = "" end
    if ( RFC ~= nil and RFC ~="") then
        RFC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="RFC",link="Request for Comments",prefix="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc",id=RFC}) else RFC = "" end
    if ( SSRN ~= nil and SSRN ~="") then
        SSRN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="SSRN",link="Social Science Research Network",prefix="http://ssrn.com/abstract=",id=SSRN}) else SSRN = "" end
    if ( URL ~= nil and URL ~="") then
       URL = " " .. url(frame, URL)
    else
       URL = ""
    end
    if ( ZBL ~= nil and ZBL ~="") then
        ZBL = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="Zbl",link="Zentralblatt MATH",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=ZBL}) else ZBL = "" end
    if ( Quote and Quote ~="" ) then 
        if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
            Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
        end
        
        Quote = sepc .." \"" .. Quote .. "\"" 
        PostScript = ""
    else 
        if ( PostScript == nil) then PostScript = "" end
        Quote = "" 
    end
    local Archived
    if ( nil ~= ArchiveURL and "" ~= ArchiveURL ) then
        if ( ArchiveDate ~= nil and ArchiveDate ~="" ) then
            ArchiveDate = " " .. ArchiveDate
        else 
            ArchiveDate = "<strong class='error'>Error: If you specify archiveurl=, you must also specify archivedate=</strong> "
        end
        local arch_text = " archived"
        if (sepc == ".") then arch_text = " Archived" end
        if ( "no" == DeadURL ) then
            Archived = sepc .. " [" .. ArchiveURL .. arch_text .. "] from the original on" .. ArchiveDate
        else
            Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from [" .. args.url .. " the original] on" .. ArchiveDate
        end
    else
        Archived = ""
    end
    local Lay
    if ( nil ~= LaySummary and "" ~= LaySummary ) then
        if ( LayDate ~= nil ) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" else LayDate = "" end
        if ( LaySource ~= nil ) then 
            LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''" 
        else 
            LaySource = "" 
        end
        Lay = " [" .. LaySummary .. " lay summary]" .. LaySource .. LayDate
    else
        Lay = ""
    end
    if ( nil ~= Transcript and "" ~= Transcript ) then
        if ( TranscriptURL ~= nil ) then Transcript = "[" .. TranscriptURL .. Transcript .. "]" end
    else
        Transcript = ""
    end
    local Publisher = ""
    if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "" and
         config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
         config.CitationClass ~= "web" ) then
        if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" )
            then PublicationDate = " " .. PublicationDate
            else PublicationDate = "" end
        if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
            Publisher = " (" .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate .. ")"
        else
            if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= " (" .. Location .. ")"
            else Publisher = "" end
        end
    else
        if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" ) then
            PublicationDate = " (published " .. PublicationDate .. ")"
            else PublicationDate = "" end
        if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
            Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate
        else
            if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. Location
            else Publisher = "" end
        end
    end
    -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
    if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~="" ) then 
        if ( Title and Title ~= "") then 
            Periodical = sepc .. " ''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
        else 
            Periodical = "''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
        end
    else Periodical = "" end

    -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
    -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
    -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

    local tcommon
    if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Volume, Issue, Position }, sepc );
    elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) or (config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Series, Language, Volume, Issue, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Position}, sepc );
    else 
        tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Series, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Language, Volume, Issue, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Position}, sepc );
    end
    -- DEBUG: tcommon = "/Title="..Title .. "/TitleType="..TitleType .. "/TitleNote="..TitleNote .. "/Format="..Format .. "/Edition="..Edition .. "/Language="..Language .. "/Conference="..Conference .. "/Periodical="..Periodical .. "/Series="..Series .. "/Volume="..Volume .. "/Issue="..Issue .. "/Position="..Position

    local idcommon = safejoin( { ARXIV, ASIN, BIBCODE, DOI, ISBN, ISSN, JFM, JSTOR, LCCN, MR, OCLC, OL, OSTI, PMC, PMID, RFC, SSRN, URL, ZBL, ID, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote, PostScript }, sepc );
    local enddot = "."
    if (Quote ~= "") then enddot = "" end
    if ( config.CitationClass == "citation") then enddot = "" end
    idcommon = safejoin( { idcommon, enddot }, sepc )

    if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
        Chapter = Chapter
    end

    local text
    local pgtext = Page .. Pages .. At
    if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
        if (Coauthors ~= "") 
          then Authors = Authors .. "; " .. Coauthors
        end
        if ( "" ~= Date )
          then Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
          else
            if ( string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc) --check end character
              then Authors = Authors .. " "
              else Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        if ( "" ~= Editors) then
            local in_text = " in "
            if (sepc == '.') then in_text = " In " end
            if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
                then Editors = in_text .. Editors .. " "
                else Editors = in_text .. Editors .. sepc .. " "
            end
        end
        text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    elseif ( "" ~= Editors) then
        if ( "" ~= Date ) then
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. ", ed."
            else
                Editors = Editors .. ", eds."
            end                
            Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
        else
            if EditorCount <= 1 then
                Editors = Editors .. " (ed.)" .. sepc .. " "
            else
                Editors = Editors .. " (eds.)" .. sepc .. " "
            end                
        end
        text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, tcommon}, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    else
        if ( "" ~= Date ) then
            if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
              then Date = sepc .." " .. Date
              else Date = " " .. Date
            end
        end -- endif ""~=Date
        text = safejoin( {Chapter, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
        text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
    end
    
    -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element
    if ( Year == nil ) then
        if ( DateIn ~= nil and DateIn ~= "" ) then 
            Year = selectyear( DateIn )
        elseif( PublicationDate ~= nil and PublicationDate ~= "" ) then
            Year = selectyear( PublicationDate )
        else
            Year = ""
        end        
    end
    local classname = "citation"
    if ( config.CitationClass ~= "citation" )
       then classname = "citation " .. (config.CitationClass or "") end
    local args = { class=classname }
    if ( Ref ~= nil ) then 
        local id = Ref
        if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
            local names = {} --table of last names & year
            if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
                for i,v in ipairs(a) do names[i] = v.last end
            elseif ( "" ~= Editors ) then
                for i,v in ipairs(e) do names[i] = v.last end
            end
            if ( names[1] == nil ) then 
                names[1] = Year 
            elseif ( names[2] == nil ) then 
                names[2] = Year 
            elseif ( names[3] == nil ) then
                names[3] = Year
            elseif ( names[4] == nil ) then
                names[4] = Year
            else
                names[5] = Year
            end
            id = anchorid(names)
        end
        args.id = id;
    end
    if ( text:sub(-4,-1) == ".''." ) then --when dot after title
        text = text:sub(1,-2) end --truncate end-dot
    text = z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=text, params=args})

    local empty_span = z.mw.text.tag( {name="span", contents="&nbsp;", params={style="display: none;"}} );
    
    -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
    local OCinS = z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=empty_span, params={class="Z3988",title=OCinStitle }}) 
        
    return text .. OCinS
end

function r0(frame, name, group, page)
    if ( name == nil ) then return "" end
    if ( group == nil ) then group = "" end
    local p = ""
    if ( page ~= nil ) then 
        local contents = ":" .. page
        p = z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=contents,params={class="reference",style="white-space:nowrap;"}}) 
    end
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="ref",contents="",params={name=name,group=group}}, frame) .. p
end

function reflist0(frame, config, args)
    local contents = args.refs or ""
    local liststyle = args.liststyle
    local count = args[1]
    local width = args.colwidth
    local group = args.group or config.default_group
    if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
        width = count
        count = nil
    end
    if ( nil == liststyle ) then
        if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then
            liststyle = group
        else
            liststyle = config.default_liststyle
        end
    end
    local params = {}
    params.class = "reflist"    
    params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
    if ( nil ~= count ) then        
        params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count
        params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
    end    
    if ( nil ~= width ) then
        params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width"
        params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
    end
    local references = z.mw.text.tag({name="references",contents=contents,params={group=group}}, frame)
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="div",contents=references,params=params})
end

function refbegin0(frame, config, args)
    local liststyle = args.liststyle
    local indent = args.indent
    local indentsize = args.indentsize
    local count = args[1]
    local width = args.colwidth
    if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
        width = count
        count = nil
    end
    if ( nil == liststyle ) then
        if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then
            liststyle = group
        else
            liststyle = config.default_liststyle
        end
    end
    local params = {}
    params.class = "refbegin"
    params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
    if ( nil ~= count ) then        
        params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count
        params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
    end    
    if ( nil ~= width ) then
        params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width"
        params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
    end
    local dlopen
    if ( nil ~= indent ) then
        dlopen = z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="dl",params={style="text-indent: -" .. (indentsize or "3.2") .. "em;"}})
    else
        dlopen = ""
    end
    return z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="div",params=params}) .. dlopen
end

function refend0(frame, config, args)
    local indent = args.indent
    local dlclose
    if ( nil ~= indent ) then
        dlclose = "</dl>"
    else
        dlclose = ""
    end
    return dlclose .. "</div>"
end

-- This is used by {{doi}} to create DOI links in the style used in citations.
function z.doi(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local id = pframe.args.id or pframe.args[1] or ""
    return doi(frame, id)
end

-- This is used by {{ISSN}} to create ISSN links in the style used in citations.
function z.ISSN(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local Name = pframe.args[1] or ""
    return hideinprint(frame, "[[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:" .. Name .. " " .. Name .. "]")
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{SfnRef}} to create the (encoded) anchor name for a Harvard cross-reference hyperlink.
function z.SFNID(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    return anchorid(pframe.args)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{Harvard citation}} to create the Harvard cross-reference text.
function z.Harvard(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    return crossref(frame, pframe.args)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
function z.citation(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    
    local args = {};
    for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
        args[k] = v;
    end    
    return citation0(frame, args)
end

-- This is used by templates such as {{sfn}} to create the entire cross-reference.
function z.sfn(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local content = crossref(frame, pframe.args)
    local args = { name = refid(pframe.args) }
    return z.mw.text.tag({name = "ref", contents = content, params = args}, frame)
end

-- This is used by template {{r}}.
function z.r(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    args.page1 = args.page1 or args.page
    local text = ""
    -- This would be shorter using ipairs(), but that doesn't work on an arguments table supplied to a template.
    local index = 1
    while args[index] ~= nil do
        local arg = args[index]
        local t = r0(frame, arg, args.group, args["page" .. index])
        text = text .. t
        index = index + 1
    end
    return text
end

-- This is used by template {{ref label}}.
function z.reflabel(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    local P1 = args[1] or ""
    local P2 = args[2] or ""
    local P3 = args[3] or ""
    local id = nil
    local contents = "[[#endnote_" .. P1 .. P3 .. "|&#91;" .. P2 .. "&#93;]]"
    local params = {}
    params.class="reference"
    if ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then params.id = "ref_" .. P1 .. P3 end
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=contents,params=params})
end

-- This is used by template {{note label}}.
function z.notelabel(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    local id = args[1] or ""
    local arrow = args[3] or ""
    local postscript = args[4] or ""
    local contents 
    if arrow ~= "" then
        local sup_arrow = z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=arrow,params={}})
        contents = "[[#ref_" .. id .. arrow .. "|<b>" .. sup_arrow .. "</b>]]" .. postscript
        if "none" == arrow then arrow = "^" end -- Change this AFTER using it in the ID parameter and the contents.
    else
        contents = (args[2] or "") .. postscript
    end
    local params = { class="citation wikicite" }
    if id ~= "" and ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then 
        params.id = z.mw.url.encodeAnchor("endnote_" .. id .. arrow)
    end
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="span",contents=contents,params=params})
end

-- This is used by templates {{reflist}} and {{notelist}}.
function z.reflist(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return reflist0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{refbegin}}.
function z.refbegin(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return refbegin0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{refend}}.
function z.refend(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return refend0(frame, config, args)
end

-- This is used by template {{efn}}.
function z.efn(frame)
    local pframe = frame:getParent()
    local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
    local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
    return z.mw.text.tag({name="ref",contents=(args[1] or ""),params={name=args.name,group=config.default_group}}, frame)
end

return z
---------------------------------------------------------------------
--NOTES
--
-- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix
--      of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's
--      local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}.
--      However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered
--      in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate
--      variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations.
--
-- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the
--      displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep
--      coordinated with the data in parentheses "(data)". There
--      has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related
--      options, to keep from putting double-dots ".." in some cases.
--      In particular, the omission of the "title=" parameter has led
--      to several cases of a spurious dot ". ." because the original
--      design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter.
--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
--HISTORY:
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting " ".
--18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end " " of Authors/Date/...
--19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos).
--19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot ".." in Title by omitting at end of "tcommon=...".
--19Oct2012 For pages, put &nbsp in "p.&nbsp;" etc.
--19Oct2012 Enhanced "pages=" to detect lone page as "p." else "pp." prefix.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show "." after Periodical name (work, newspaper...).
--19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces "[...  Archived] from the original".
--19Oct2012 Fixed to show ";" between authors & coauthors.
--19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra "." after coauthors.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as "ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004"
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as "&" but use lead "&rft...=" form.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's "rfr_id=..." pagename.
--20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when "web" to default to rft.genre "book".
--05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter
--15Feb2013 Added Agency for "agency=xx".
--19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation.
--19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form.
--19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency.
--19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date.
--19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again.
--20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot "." if already ends with dot.
--20Feb2013 If class "journal" shows Publisher after Periodical/Series.
--20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume.
--20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + <span class="reference-accessdate">
--20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no.
--20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters.
--20Feb2013 Put "OCLC" for "Online Computer Library Center".
--20Feb2013 Fix empty "authorlink=" as person.link ~= "".
--20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep & AuthorNameSep.
--21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter).
--21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled "EdithorSep").
--21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
--21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.).
--21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass "citation".
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show "issn=x" as the ISSN code.
--21Feb2013 Fixed to show "id=x" after Zbl code.
--21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot.
--21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass "citation": Volume, Issue, Publisher.
--21Feb2013 Put warning "Bad DOI (expected "10."..)" in DOI result.
--21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when > 4 long.
--21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase "asin-tld".
--22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date.
--22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass "citation".
--22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "citation" as span class="citation".
--22Feb2013 Capitalized "Archived/Retrieved" only when sepc is dot ".".
--23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for "in" or "In" and put space after sepc.
--23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in "et al." when sepc is "." separator.
--23Feb2013 Fixed "author1-first" to also get args.given or args.given1.
--23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title.
--23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as "contribution=mytitle").
--23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of Editors list
--26Feb2013 Moved "issue=" data to show before "page=".
--26Feb2013 Moved "type=" data to show after "format=".
--26Feb2013 For "pmc=" link, omitted suffix "/?tool=pmcentrez".
--27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors.
--27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year.
--27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of authors/coauthors list.
--27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as ", ed." when date exists.
--27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of "others=" data.
--27Feb2013 Removed parentheses "( )" around "department" TitleNote.
--05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series.
--05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter.
--05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as "pp." or "p.".
--07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit "( )" around publisher.
--07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was "-1,1".
--13Mar2013 Removed enddot "." after "quote=" parameter.
--13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass "news" to use "p." page format.
--13Mar2013 Fixed missing "location=" when "web" or "encyclopaedia".
--14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title.
--14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before "p." or "pp." page number.
--14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "book" to use p./pp. page.
--
--End