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Agender
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Gender neutral
Gender neutral language in Swedish
Genderfluid
Genderfuck
Genderqueer
Nonbinary
Language
aa - Afar
ab - Abkhazian
abs - Ambonese Malay
ace - Achinese
ady - Adyghe
ady-cyrl - Adyghe (Cyrillic script)
aeb - Tunisian Arabic
aeb-arab - Tunisian Arabic (Arabic script)
aeb-latn - Tunisian Arabic (Latin script)
af - Afrikaans
ak - Akan
aln - Gheg Albanian
alt - Southern Altai
am - Amharic
ami - Amis
an - Aragonese
ang - Old English
anp - Angika
ar - Arabic
arc - Aramaic
arn - Mapuche
arq - Algerian Arabic
ary - Moroccan Arabic
arz - Egyptian Arabic
as - Assamese
ase - American Sign Language
ast - Asturian
atj - Atikamekw
av - Avaric
avk - Kotava
awa - Awadhi
ay - Aymara
az - Azerbaijani
azb - South Azerbaijani
ba - Bashkir
ban - Balinese
ban-bali - ᬩᬲᬩᬮᬶ
bar - Bavarian
bbc - Batak Toba
bbc-latn - Batak Toba (Latin script)
bcc - Southern Balochi
bci - Baoulé
bcl - Central Bikol
be - Belarusian
be-tarask - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)
bg - Bulgarian
bgn - Western Balochi
bh - Bhojpuri
bho - Bhojpuri
bi - Bislama
bjn - Banjar
blk - Pa'O
bm - Bambara
bn - Bangla
bo - Tibetan
bpy - Bishnupriya
bqi - Bakhtiari
br - Breton
brh - Brahui
bs - Bosnian
btm - Batak Mandailing
bto - Iriga Bicolano
bug - Buginese
bxr - Russia Buriat
ca - Catalan
cbk-zam - Chavacano
cdo - Min Dong Chinese
ce - Chechen
ceb - Cebuano
ch - Chamorro
cho - Choctaw
chr - Cherokee
chy - Cheyenne
ckb - Central Kurdish
co - Corsican
cps - Capiznon
cr - Cree
crh - Crimean Tatar
crh-cyrl - Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic script)
crh-latn - Crimean Tatar (Latin script)
cs - Czech
csb - Kashubian
cu - Church Slavic
cv - Chuvash
cy - Welsh
da - Danish
dag - Dagbani
de - German
de-at - Austrian German
de-ch - Swiss High German
de-formal - German (formal address)
din - Dinka
diq - Zazaki
dsb - Lower Sorbian
dtp - Central Dusun
dty - Doteli
dv - Divehi
dz - Dzongkha
ee - Ewe
egl - Emilian
el - Greek
eml - Emiliano-Romagnolo
en - English
en-ca - Canadian English
en-gb - British English
eo - Esperanto
es - Spanish
es-419 - Latin American Spanish
es-formal - Spanish (formal address)
et - Estonian
eu - Basque
ext - Extremaduran
fa - Persian
fat - Fanti
ff - Fulah
fi - Finnish
fit - Tornedalen Finnish
fj - Fijian
fo - Faroese
fon - Fon
fr - French
frc - Cajun French
frp - Arpitan
frr - Northern Frisian
fur - Friulian
fy - Western Frisian
ga - Irish
gaa - Ga
gag - Gagauz
gan - Gan Chinese
gan-hans - Gan (Simplified)
gan-hant - Gan (Traditional)
gcr - Guianan Creole
gd - Scottish Gaelic
gl - Galician
gld - Nanai
glk - Gilaki
gn - Guarani
gom - Goan Konkani
gom-deva - Goan Konkani (Devanagari script)
gom-latn - Goan Konkani (Latin script)
gor - Gorontalo
got - Gothic
gpe - Ghanaian Pidgin
grc - Ancient Greek
gsw - Swiss German
gu - Gujarati
guc - Wayuu
gur - Frafra
guw - Gun
gv - Manx
ha - Hausa
hak - Hakka Chinese
haw - Hawaiian
he - Hebrew
hi - Hindi
hif - Fiji Hindi
hif-latn - Fiji Hindi (Latin script)
hil - Hiligaynon
ho - Hiri Motu
hr - Croatian
hrx - Hunsrik
hsb - Upper Sorbian
hsn - Xiang Chinese
ht - Haitian Creole
hu - Hungarian
hu-formal - Hungarian (formal address)
hy - Armenian
hyw - Western Armenian
hz - Herero
ia - Interlingua
id - Indonesian
ie - Interlingue
ig - Igbo
ii - Sichuan Yi
ik - Inupiaq
ike-cans - Eastern Canadian (Aboriginal syllabics)
ike-latn - Eastern Canadian (Latin script)
ilo - Iloko
inh - Ingush
io - Ido
is - Icelandic
it - Italian
iu - Inuktitut
ja - Japanese
jam - Jamaican Creole English
jbo - Lojban
jut - Jutish
jv - Javanese
ka - Georgian
kaa - Kara-Kalpak
kab - Kabyle
kbd - Kabardian
kbd-cyrl - Kabardian (Cyrillic script)
kbp - Kabiye
kcg - Tyap
kea - Kabuverdianu
kg - Kongo
khw - Khowar
ki - Kikuyu
kiu - Kirmanjki
kj - Kuanyama
kjp - Eastern Pwo
kk - Kazakh
kk-arab - Kazakh (Arabic script)
kk-cn - Kazakh (China)
kk-cyrl - Kazakh (Cyrillic script)
kk-kz - Kazakh (Kazakhstan)
kk-latn - Kazakh (Latin script)
kk-tr - Kazakh (Turkey)
kl - Kalaallisut
km - Khmer
kn - Kannada
ko - Korean
ko-kp - Korean (North Korea)
koi - Komi-Permyak
kr - Kanuri
krc - Karachay-Balkar
kri - Krio
krj - Kinaray-a
krl - Karelian
ks - Kashmiri
ks-arab - Kashmiri (Arabic script)
ks-deva - Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
ksh - Colognian
ksw - S'gaw Karen
ku - Kurdish
ku-arab - Kurdish (Arabic script)
ku-latn - Kurdish (Latin script)
kum - Kumyk
kv - Komi
kw - Cornish
ky - Kyrgyz
la - Latin
lad - Ladino
lb - Luxembourgish
lbe - Lak
lez - Lezghian
lfn - Lingua Franca Nova
lg - Ganda
li - Limburgish
lij - Ligurian
liv - Livonian
lki - Laki
lld - Ladin
lmo - Lombard
ln - Lingala
lo - Lao
loz - Lozi
lrc - Northern Luri
lt - Lithuanian
ltg - Latgalian
lus - Mizo
luz - Southern Luri
lv - Latvian
lzh - Literary Chinese
lzz - Laz
mad - Madurese
mai - Maithili
map-bms - Basa Banyumasan
mdf - Moksha
mg - Malagasy
mh - Marshallese
mhr - Eastern Mari
mi - Maori
min - Minangkabau
mk - Macedonian
ml - Malayalam
mn - Mongolian
mni - Manipuri
mnw - Mon
mo - Moldovan
mos - Mossi
mr - Marathi
mrh - Mara
mrj - Western Mari
ms - Malay
ms-arab - Malay (Jawi script)
mt - Maltese
mus - Muscogee
mwl - Mirandese
my - Burmese
myv - Erzya
mzn - Mazanderani
na - Nauru
nah - Nāhuatl
nan - Min Nan Chinese
nap - Neapolitan
nb - Norwegian Bokmål
nds - Low German
nds-nl - Low Saxon
ne - Nepali
new - Newari
ng - Ndonga
nia - Nias
niu - Niuean
nl - Dutch
nl-informal - Dutch (informal address)
nmz - Nawdm
nn - Norwegian Nynorsk
no - Norwegian
nod - Northern Thai
nov - Novial
nqo - N’Ko
nrm - Norman
nso - Northern Sotho
nv - Navajo
ny - Nyanja
nyn - Nyankole
nys - Nyungar
oc - Occitan
ojb - Northwestern Ojibwe
olo - Livvi-Karelian
om - Oromo
or - Odia
os - Ossetic
pa - Punjabi
pag - Pangasinan
pam - Pampanga
pap - Papiamento
pcd - Picard
pcm - Nigerian Pidgin
pdc - Pennsylvania German
pdt - Plautdietsch
pfl - Palatine German
pi - Pali
pih - Norfuk / Pitkern
pl - Polish
pms - Piedmontese
pnb - Western Punjabi
pnt - Pontic
prg - Prussian
ps - Pashto
pt - Portuguese
pt-br - Brazilian Portuguese
pwn - Paiwan
qu - Quechua
qug - Chimborazo Highland Quichua
rgn - Romagnol
rif - Riffian
rm - Romansh
rmc - Carpathian Romani
rmy - Vlax Romani
rn - Rundi
ro - Romanian
roa-tara - Tarantino
rsk - Pannonian Rusyn
ru - Russian
rue - Rusyn
rup - Aromanian
ruq - Megleno-Romanian
ruq-cyrl - Megleno-Romanian (Cyrillic script)
ruq-latn - Megleno-Romanian (Latin script)
rw - Kinyarwanda
ryu - Okinawan
sa - Sanskrit
sah - Sakha
sat - Santali
sc - Sardinian
scn - Sicilian
sco - Scots
sd - Sindhi
sdc - Sassarese Sardinian
sdh - Southern Kurdish
se - Northern Sami
se-fi - davvisámegiella (Suoma bealde)
se-no - davvisámegiella (Norgga bealde)
se-se - davvisámegiella (Ruoŧa bealde)
sei - Seri
ses - Koyraboro Senni
sg - Sango
sgs - Samogitian
sh - Serbo-Croatian
shi - Tachelhit
shi-latn - Tachelhit (Latin script)
shi-tfng - Tachelhit (Tifinagh script)
shn - Shan
shy - Shawiya
shy-latn - Shawiya (Latin script)
si - Sinhala
simple - Simple English
sjd - Kildin Sami
sje - Pite Sami
sk - Slovak
skr - Saraiki
skr-arab - Saraiki (Arabic script)
sl - Slovenian
sli - Lower Silesian
sm - Samoan
sma - Southern Sami
smn - Inari Sami
sms - Skolt Sami
sn - Shona
so - Somali
sq - Albanian
sr - Serbian
sr-ec - Serbian (Cyrillic script)
sr-el - Serbian (Latin script)
srn - Sranan Tongo
sro - Campidanese Sardinian
ss - Swati
st - Southern Sotho
stq - Saterland Frisian
sty - Siberian Tatar
su - Sundanese
sv - Swedish
sw - Swahili
syl - ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ
szl - Silesian
szy - Sakizaya
ta - Tamil
tay - Tayal
tcy - Tulu
tdd - Tai Nuea
te - Telugu
tet - Tetum
tg - Tajik
tg-cyrl - Tajik (Cyrillic script)
tg-latn - Tajik (Latin script)
th - Thai
ti - Tigrinya
tk - Turkmen
tl - Tagalog
tly - Talysh
tly-cyrl - толыши
tn - Tswana
to - Tongan
tpi - Tok Pisin
tr - Turkish
tru - Turoyo
trv - Taroko
ts - Tsonga
tt - Tatar
tt-cyrl - Tatar (Cyrillic script)
tt-latn - Tatar (Latin script)
tum - Tumbuka
tw - Twi
ty - Tahitian
tyv - Tuvinian
tzm - Central Atlas Tamazight
udm - Udmurt
ug - Uyghur
ug-arab - Uyghur (Arabic script)
ug-latn - Uyghur (Latin script)
uk - Ukrainian
ur - Urdu
uz - Uzbek
uz-cyrl - Uzbek (Cyrillic script)
uz-latn - Uzbek (Latin script)
ve - Venda
vec - Venetian
vep - Veps
vi - Vietnamese
vls - West Flemish
vmf - Main-Franconian
vmw - Makhuwa
vo - Volapük
vot - Votic
vro - Võro
wa - Walloon
war - Waray
wls - Wallisian
wo - Wolof
wuu - Wu Chinese
xal - Kalmyk
xh - Xhosa
xmf - Mingrelian
xsy - Saisiyat
yi - Yiddish
yo - Yoruba
yrl - Nheengatu
yue - Cantonese
za - Zhuang
zea - Zeelandic
zgh - Standard Moroccan Tamazight
zh - Chinese
zh-cn - Chinese (China)
zh-hans - Simplified Chinese
zh-hant - Traditional Chinese
zh-hk - Chinese (Hong Kong)
zh-mo - Chinese (Macau)
zh-my - Chinese (Malaysia)
zh-sg - Chinese (Singapore)
zh-tw - Chinese (Taiwan)
zu - Zulu
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<languages /> {{Template:Gender neutral language}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The Swedish language has two grammatical genders, common and neuter. Gender-neutral (or gender-inclusive) language is thus easier in Swedish than in many other languages where words have feminine or masculine forms. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Gender-neutral/inclusive language is a way of communicating that avoids gender stereotypes and includes all genders. This means using words and expressions that don't specify gender, such as "vuxen" instead of "kvinna" or "man", "hen" instead of "hon" or "han," and using titles such as "brandbekämpare" instead of "brandman", or "sjukskötare" instead of "sjuksköterska", as to not reinstate the idea that certain professions/roles are supposed to be for specific genders. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The goal is to create a language that is more equal and inclusive for all individuals, regardless of gender, which also reduces the risk of misgendering which can cause gender dysphoria for some people. Gender-neutral/inclusive language is both useful and necessary both grammatically and socially in situations where gender is variated/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> See the main article on gender neutral language for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for gender-variated people. </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pronouns</span>== ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gender-neutral third-person singular</span>=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, singular de/dem/deras[https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen] (they/them/their) is also used. Singular de/dem/deras can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not recognized or documented for being able to do so. If de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well. Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins [https://svenska.se/so/?id=130633][https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/hin][https://www.mjolby.se/uppleva-och-gora/fritidsgardar/queerious/ordlista---queerious][https://transformering.se/vad-ar-trans/pronomen], which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil).</span> {| class="wikitable" ! <u>Hen</u> ! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Standard gender-neutral third-person pronoun</span> |- !hen |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Subject form</span> |- !hen/henom |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Object form is generaly just "hen", but some use "henom". It is very individual.</span> |- !hens |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possessive form</span> |} {| class="wikitable" ! <u>Den</u> ! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gender-neutral/common-inanimate "it"</span> |- !den |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Subject/object form</span> |- !dens/dess |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possessive form</span> |} {| class="wikitable" ! <u>De</u> ! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Singular "they"</span> |- !de |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Subject form is sometimes written "dom"</span> |- !dem |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Object form is sometimes written "dom"</span> |- !deras |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possessive form</span> |} {| class="wikitable" ! <u>Hin</u> ! <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Neopronoun/obsolete pronoun "hin"</span> |- !hin |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Subject/object form</span> |- !hins |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possessive form</span> |} ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Generic pronoun</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> To refer to people in general in Swedish, the pronouns "man/en/en" (one/one/one’s) or "en/en/ens" (one/one/one’s) can be used. Swedish’s generic pronoun man/en/ens has been discussed for being male-generalizing, and some people have opted to use en/en/ens instead to make it gender inclusive. The word "man" may have the meaning of "human" in addition to the meaning "male person", but this word is still more associated with male people. Using "en" instead of "man" is not only more gender-inclusivity through being non-male-generalizing, but it is also frequently practiced in some of Sweden's regions, so it is a natural grammatical dialect variation in the Swedish language. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221102131452/https://www4.isof.se/cgi-bin/srfl/visasvar.py?sok=man&svar=78373&log_id=909986] </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> For when it feels awkward to use man/en, alternative phrasing as to avoid using such a pronoun are recommended: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> One problem that can occur with the pronouns "en/man" is that the pronouns can hide who is doing what in the sentence. This is especially true in sentences where different acting parts are referred to and the pronouns can be replaced with pretty much any pronoun or noun. So instead of: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * ”På kundtjänst har '''en/man''' problem med att '''en/man''' ställer otydliga frågor.” That could be read as either: ”På kundtjänst har '''de''' problem med att '''du''' ställer otydliga frågor.” or ”På kundtjänst har '''ingen''' problem med att '''alla''' ställer otydliga frågor.” One can instead write out the specific acting parts such as ”På kundtjänst har '''vi''' problem med att '''kunderna''' ställer otydliga frågor.” </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> A good rule of thumb is to always state who is doing what. This will prevent readers from wondering who you are referring to. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> "En/man" is a way of showing that a statement is universal or general, for example, “en/man ska inte ljuga.” (One shouldn't lie.) But there are other ways of expressing yourself that are also general: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * ”Ingen får ljuga.” (No one gets to lie.) * ”Det är fel att ljuga.” (It is wrong to lie.) * ”Ljug inte!” (Don't lie!) </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> "En/man" also works if you want to refer to anyone within a group or area: "I Sverige fikar man/en mycket." (In Sweden one "fikar" mycket.) Here too, there are plenty of options: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * ”I Sverige fikar vi mycket.” (In Sweden we "fikar" mycket.) * ”I Sverige är det vanligt att fika.” (It is common in Sweden to "fika".) * ”Det är en svensk tradition att fika mycket.” (It is a Swedish tradition to "fika" a lot.) </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Start primarily from what you think will be clearest to the person you are addressing – that is always a safe bet.[https://sprakkonsulterna.se/alternativ-till-pronomenet-man/] </div> === <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Referring to God</span>=== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">While God is normally referred to with masculine pronouns even in Swedish, some might opt for using non-gendered words instead as to not apply human concepts to God. To do that one can instead just say "Gud" (God) instead of a pronoun, or the pronoun "de" (typically plural they, is sometimes used as singular they, but using it as plural might seem fitting for a trinity) or "hen" (gender-neutral singular they). The latter (*two, but especially the latter hen) might be controversial depending on who one asks.</span> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gender-inclusive formulations</span> == ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Inclusive formulations</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Use the neutral ending "-are" as standard instead treating it as the masculine and using "-(e)rska"/"-inna" as the feminine. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Instead of specifying gender with "she and/or he" when talking about someone in general, one can use the following wording to make it more inclusive or non-specific: </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 1. Hen: En kirurg bör inte operera personer som hen är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 2. Den: En kirurg bör inte operera personer som den är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 3. Det: En kirurg bör inte operera personer när det är en släkting. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 4. Du: Som kirurg bör du inte operera personer som du är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 5. En: Som kirurg bör en inte operera personer som en är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 6. ''De (singular/unspecific)'': En kirurg bör inte operera personer som de är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 7. En-som: En kirurg som är släkt med patienten bör inte operera. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 8. Den-som: Den som är släkt med patienten bör inte operera. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 9. Någon-som: Någon som är släkt med patienten bör inte operera. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 10. Vederbörande: En kirurg bör inte operera personer som vederbörande är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 11. ''Pluralisera (Make plural)'': Kirurger bör inte operera släktingar. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 12. ''Återanvänd substantiv (Reuse noun)'': En kirurg bör inte operera personer som kirurgen är släkt med. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 13. ''Substantivera (Nounify)'': En kirurg bör inte behandla släktingar i operationer. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> 14. ''Passivera (Make passive)'': En kirurg bör inte behandla släktingar när operationer genomförs. </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Formality</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> In older Swedish, titles/phrases based on one's gender have been used to mention/adress someone with politeness/formality i.e. fru, fröken, dam, herr, mister etc. This has also been used in front of profession titles, e.g. fru/herr Minister. This is rather an obsolete practice and is only used in a few select cases. In modern Swedish, to mention or adress someone more formally, one should instead use both first name and last name or only last name without any title. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> An innovative option could be to use only the first name's initial and then the last name. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Another innovative option would be to borrow and reuse older Swedish formal plural forms and adapting them as an honorary title with a capital letter e.g. ”Tack Ni minister!” (Thank You minister!), ”Hej! Ni Andersson.” (Hi! You Andersson.), ”Låt De minister tala till punkt.” (Let They minister speak.), ”De Andersson har godkänt begäran.” (They Andersson have accepted the request.), "Jag vill tacka Er för Er hjälp med projektet." (I want to thank You for Your help with the project). In addition, you can use words such as "sällskapet" (the company) if you want to be formal regarding a person's companion. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <u>Example sentences:</u> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Ursäkta, vad vill Ni ha? </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> En kycklingsallad ville De ha, inte en tonfisksallad. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Tack, Ni minister! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Tack, Ni talledare! (talman) </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Tack, Ni domare! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hen gick och introducerade sig för Dem Andersson. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hej Ni Andersson! </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Vi ser fram emot att träffa Er på mötet imorgon. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> … och vad vill sällskapet ha att äta? </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Adjective conjugations: E-form → A-form</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The adjective conjugation for things in the singular definite form has historically had two versions in Swedish, the a-form (Feminine: den glad<u>a</u> flickan. Neuter: det glad<u>a</u> barnet) and the e-form (Masculine: den glad<u>e</u> pojken). The e-form is not frequently used today, but it is still worth mentioning that the a-form is the standard in modern Swedish as the masculine and feminine grammatical genders are no longer separated, and by using only the a-form, the language becomes more gender-neutral and consistent. </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Terms for ethnic groups</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> When it comes to naming people who belong to a specific ethnic group, there may be gendered specification in the form of adding gender-specific endings such as ”norr<u>man</u>”/“norr<u>män</u>” or ”norsk<u>a</u>”/“norsk<u>or</u>” to make it masculine and feminine respectively. To make it gender-inclusive or gender-vague, one can instead refer to someone as e.g. en norsk/norsk person/''norskar''/norska personer, en svensk/svensk person/svenskar/svenska personer, en polsk/polsk person/polska personer, en japan/japansk person/japaner/japanska personer, en engelsk/engelsk person/engelska personer, en fransk/fransk personer/franska personer, en brasilian/brasiliansk person/brasilianare/brasilianska personer, en nederländare/nederländsk person/nederländare/nederländska personer etc. </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Common nouns</span>== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Type of common noun</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gender inclusive</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Feminine</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Masculine</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nonbinary/*Intersex</span> |- |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Young person</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Barn, bebis, unge, tonåring, ungdom</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Flicka, tjej, jänta, tös</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Pojke, kille, grabb, gosse</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Enby</span> |- |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Adult person</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vuxen</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Kvinna, tjej, dam, brud</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Man, kille, karl, herre, snubbe</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Enby, enban</span> |- |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Old person</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gamling, senior, äldre, pensionär</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gumma, tant</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Gubbe, farbror</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Enby, enban</span> |- |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Person of any age</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Människa, individ, person, någon</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Kvinna, kvinnlig person</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Man, manlig person</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Icke-binär person, intersexperson, enby, enban</span> |} <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><nowiki>*</nowiki>The words "enby" and "enban" were made for nonbinary people specifically, but could be used by nonbinary intersex people who identify with it. They can also be used by parents for their intersex children as to recognize them being intersex (them not being binary) and as to not force them to be a "girl" or a "boy", while also giving them nouns to use for themselves the same way girls and boys get to.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Note 1:''' "Enby", and by extension "enban", stem from the abbreviation of nonbinary – "NB" (/en-bee/). Enby is the nonbinary equivalent of the words "girl" and "boy", and enban is the nonbinary equivalent of the words "woman" and "man". Many nonbinary adults do however call themselves "enbies".</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Note 2:''' "Enby" and "enban" are not standardized words in Swedish, but are mere loanwords from English to fill the gap of nonbinary inclusive language.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Note 3:''' Some nonbinary people dislike "enby" and feel it is infantilizing.</span> {| class="wikitable" !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Declension of enby</span> ! colspan="2" |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Singular</span> ! colspan="2" |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Plural</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Utrum (common)</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Indefinite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Definite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Indefinite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Definite</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nominative</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enby</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbyn</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbier</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbierna</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Genitive</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbys</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbyns</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbiers</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbiernas</span> |} {| class="wikitable" !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Declension of enban</span> ! colspan="2" |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Singular</span> ! colspan="2" |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Plural</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Utrum (common)</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Indefinite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Definite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Indefinite</span> !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Definite</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Nominative</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enban</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbanen</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbaner</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbanerna</span> |- !<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Genitive</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbans</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbanens</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbaners</span> |<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">enbanernas</span> |} ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Family and relationship words</span>== [[File:Kinship Släktskap.png|thumb|Kinship tree with gender-neutral Swedish family terms.]] ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Parents</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Förälder.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means parent. *<u>The first name – or a nickname of the first name – of a person may be preferred instead of using a specific parental word.</u> *'''Päron.''' Neutral, slang/standard. Means “one's folk(s)” in plural and in singular. *'''Älder.''' Neutral, formal, nonstandard, little use. An abbreviation of förälder.[https://folkmun.se/definition/%C3%84lder][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] * '''Förre.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Förre is a simplification of the word förälder. It provides a parental alternative that can be used to refer to a parent completely gender-neutral.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rre] * '''Föffe.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Föffe is a simplification of the word förälder. It provides a parental alternative that can be used to refer to a parent completely gender-neutral. Föffe is also a good alternativ to the words matte (female pet-owner) and husse (male pet-owner).[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6ffe] *'''Mappa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Mappa is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Mappa][https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/felix-och-vivi-ar-ickebinara-kan-kallas-mappi-eller-mappa] *'''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Pamma is a combination of mamma (mom) and pappa (dad). This provides and alternative that is both similar to and retain the comfortable factor that children otherwise associate with the parental words mamma and pappa.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Pamma] *'''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard, little use. Wawa is pronounced with "English w:s". Wawa is similar to mamma (mom) and pappa (dad) in that it consists of repetitive phonemes that are physically easy for smaller children to pronounce. Wawa is a good addition among the Swedish parental words as it provides a completely gender-neutral alternative with similarities of mamma and pappa that do not have an origin in the gender binary.[https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/][https://folkmun.se/definition/Wawa] *'''Other alternatives include:''' mapa, pama, mappi/mapi, babba/baba, babbi/babi, dada, momma, momo. The neutrality of these words might vary because of what the words generally are associated with and what oneself percieves them as.[https://www.rfsl.se/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RFSL_Att-bli-och-vara-foralder_ett-foraldrastodjande-material-for-hbtqi-personer.pdf] * '''Vårdnadshavare, förmyndare.''' Neutral, formal, standard, means caregiver and guardian. *'''Medföräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means co-parent. This term can be used gender-inclusively for a parent/partner accompanying the birthing parent, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. *'''Gravida, gravida personer.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means pregnant people. These terms can be used instead of "pregnant women" as a gender-inclusive alternative, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. *'''Födande föräldern/gravida föräldern.''' Neutral, formal, standard. Means "birthing parent/pregnant parent". This term can be used instead of "the mother" as a gender-inclusive alternative but also without designating a parental status for surrogates, but it's a matter of preference for each individual. Some people do not want to be gendered, some do, what the person sees as most appropriate should be respected. *'''Den vuxna, de vuxna.''' Neutral, means the adult/adults, can be used to refer to the responsible people in the home of a child where there isn't specifically a parent. </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Children</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)/kid. *'''Bebis.''' Neutral, standard. Means baby. *'''Småbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means toddler. *'''Tonåring.''' Neutral, standard. Means teenager. *'''Ungdom.''' Neutral, standard. Means youth/youngster. *'''Telning, ättling, avkomma/avkomling.''' Neutral, would sound weird in conversation. "Telning" is an uncommon word that basically means progeny (or more directly the botanical term "scion" or "shoot"), "ättling" and "avkomma/avkomling" are standard words that mean "descendant" and "offspring" respectively. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child, but not necesserily a young child agewise. *'''Äldsta/förstfödda, mellan-/andra-/trejde-/fjärde-/... födda, yngsta/sistfödda.''' Neutral. Means oldest/first-born, middle-/second-/third-/fourth-/...-born and youngest/last-born. They can be used as alternatives to refer to someone in relation to them being one's child in a gender-neutral way but also as to not necesserily specify them being a young child agewise. '''Kompis.''' Neutral, standard. Means "friend" and can be used to refer to children instead of saying "boys and/or girls". </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Grandparents</span> === <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. Förförälder can be used both as a collective word for grandparents, but also to refer to a parent's parent gender-neutrally. Förföräldrar also serves as an alternative gender-inclusive word to förfäder (forefathers). Förförälder is not included in modern dictionaries, but "förföräldrar" is mentioned in SAOB (The Swedish Academy's dictionary).[https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=F_2481-0191.N3SO-0006] *'''Förrförr/Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. Förrförr/förför, (förför ought to be pronounced with "short ö:s" to not confuse it with the word "förför" which means "seduce", which is pronounced with a short first ö and long second ö). Förrförr/förför is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of mormor (maternal mother, standard), farmor (paternal mother, standard), morfar (maternal father, standard) and farfar (paternal father, standard). "Föffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rrf%C3%B6rr][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] * '''Morför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means maternal grandparent. "Moffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?sok=morf%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrar&pz=4][https://folkmun.se/definition/Morf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] * '''Farför.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means paternal grandparent. "Faffö" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?id=0642009&pz=5][https://folkmun.se/definition/Farf%C3%B6r][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Förmor.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means grandma/parent’s mother. "Fömmo"/"Fömma" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?id=0865891&pz=5][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rmor][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Förfar.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means grandpa/parent’s father. "Föffa" would be the baby-language equivalent.[https://svenska.se/saol/?hv=lnr24473][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rfar][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Siblings and related family</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). *'''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s). *'''Yngre syskon/äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s). *'''Föräldrasyskon/försyskon.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrasyskon will be understood, försyskon has little use. Means pibling(s)/parent’s sibling(s). Föräldrasyskon and försyskon can be used both as a collective word for one's parents' sibling(s) and to refer to a parent's sibling(s) gender-neutrally. Försyskon is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of moster (maternal sister, standard), faster (paternal sister, standard), morbror (maternal brother, standard) and farbror (paternal brother, standard).[https://folkmun.se/definition/f%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrasyskon][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rsyskon][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Morssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means mother’s sibling(s).[https://folkmun.se/definition/Morssyskon][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Farssyskon.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means father’s sibling(s).[https://folkmun.se/definition/Farssyskon][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Föster/försyster.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means aunt/parent’s sister.[https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6ster][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rsyster][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Förbror.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard, little use. Means uncle/parent’s brother.[https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rbror][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] *'''Syskonbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means nibling/niece/nephew. *'''Systerbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means sister’s child(ren). *'''Brorsbarn.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means brother’s child(ren). *'''Syskondotter.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means niece/sibling’s daughter. *'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means nephew/sibling’s son. *'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin. *'''Föräldrakusin/förkusin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrakusin will be understood, förkusin has little use. Means parent's cousin.[https://folkmun.se/][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/?] *'''Syssling.''' Neutral, standard but “tremänning” is more common. Means second-cousin. *'''Brylling.''' Neutral, standard but “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. *'''Pyssling.''' Neutral, standard but “femmänning” is more common. Means fourth-cousin. </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Partners</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Partner.''' Neutral, standard. Means partner. *'''Sambo.''' Neutral, standard. Means cohabitation-partner. *'''Älskling.''' Neutral, standard. Means love. *'''Respektive.''' Neutral. Means respective. *'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend). *'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed. *'''Fästpartner/fästperson/förlovade.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance. *'''Gemål/gift partner.''' Neutral, formal, little use/standard. Means wedded spouse. *'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. *'''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person. *'''Henvän.''' Nonstandard, means "theyfriend" and can be used as a non-binary alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend). </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Specific family terms</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Adoptivbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive child(ren). *'''Adoptivförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive parent. *'''Adoptivsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means adoptive sibling. *'''Biologiskt barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological child(ren). *'''Biologisk förälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological parent. *'''Biologiskt syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means biological sibling(s). *'''Donationsbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means donation child(ren). *'''Donationsförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means donation parent. *'''Donationssyskon (relaterade/orelaterade).''' Neutral, standard. Means donation sibling(s) (related/unrelated). *'''Fosterbarn/(familjehems) placerat/placerade barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/(family-home-care) placed child(ren). *'''Fosterförälder/familjehemsförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/family-home-care parent. *'''Fostersyskon/familjehemssyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means foster-/family-home-care sibling(s). *'''Halvförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means half-parent. *'''Halvsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means half-sibling(s). *'''Jourbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means emergency home-care placed child(ren). * '''Jourförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent for a emergency home-care placed child. * '''Joursyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s) in an emergency home-care. *'''Samförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means co-parent, more specifically a co-parent to a pair of parents where they are raising the child together. *'''Styvbarn/Bonusbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child(ren)/bonus-child(ren). *'''Styvförälder/bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent. *'''Styvsyskon/bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s). * '''Surrogat/surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of surrogate mother. *'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law. *'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. *'''Svärsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s)-in-law. </div> ===<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wedding words</span>=== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Gifta/livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means spouses/maritial partners. *'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages. *'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen. *'''Fästföljare.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Used to refer to one person in the bridalpair's entourage. * '''Hedersperson/hedersvän.''' Can naturally be used as a gender-neutral stand-in for a maid of honor or a best man. </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Other family, relationship and people words</span>== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Gamling.''' Neutral, standard. Means elderly person. *'''Gemene folk/personer/människor.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means "people/persons/humans in general" and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "gemene man" (common man). *'''Gentleperson.''' Neutral word for gentleman/gentlekvinna (from english's gentleman/gentlewoman). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Gudbarn, guidebarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means godchild(ren) and guide-child(ren). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Gudförälder, guideförälder'''. Neutral, standard. Means godparent and guide-parent. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Hemmapartner, hemmaförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means housepartner/housespouse and stay-at-home parent. *'''Juridiska kvinnor/män, registrerade kvinnor/män.''' More correct way to refer to the gender of people within statistics that is based off of binary legal/registered gender, both to emphasize that some can be non-binary or intersex, or that someone is trans but hasn't yet legally transitioned. *'''Lekperson/Lekfolk.''' Neutral, standard. Means layperson/laypeople and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "lekman/lekmän" (layman/laymen). *'''Ni!/hörrni!/folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. *'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively) *'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person. *'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/(gott) folk. Damer, herrar och icke-binära.''' Neutral, inclusive, standard. Gender-inclusive alternatives to “ladies & gentlemen”. *'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggceller/livmoder (uterus/kved)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsfertila, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.''' ...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, pregnancy-fertile, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair... </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ...These terms are more clinical terms for people with these things, this is for the inclusion of those who are gender diverse or have other variations i.e. both women and men with varied functions, and both trans and intersex people. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Överordnad, mästare, härskare.''' Neutral alternatives to "herre" (sir/lord/master/mister). </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Other words</span>== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", only removing "mans", right of public access). *'''Amningsmjölk, amningsmjölksersättning.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk and breast-/chestfeeding formula, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk"/"modersmjölk" (breast milk/mother's milk) and "bröstmjölksersättning"/modersmjölksersättning" (breast-/mother's milk substitute/formula). *'''Arbetsstyrka/arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). *'''Besatt/med personal, obesatt/utan personal.''' Means occupied/with staff and unoccupied/without staff, these alternatives can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives to "bemannad" (manned) and "obemannad" (unmanned). *'''Besegra, överväldiga/överrumpla, övertrumfa, övervinna.''' Non-male-generalizing alternatives to "övermanna" ("overman"/overpower), means "defeat", "overwhelm", "outdo" and "overcome". *'''Besättning/personal/rekrytering, personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). *'''B’nai mitzva (plural neutral/plural masculine, standard), b'nei mitzva (neutral, “child of God's commandments”, less use), b mitzva (neutral, informal shorthand, less use).''' Gender-neutral alternatives to bat mitzvah and bar mitzvah. *'''Du, hörru, sörru, ni, hörrni, sörruni, folk, vännen, vän(ner), kamrat, älskling (sarcastic), homie, bestie, kiddo, yo, ey, sib, comrade, baby (sarcastic), human, person, fam, chat, peeps, y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), pal(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s). *'''Elvaspelsplan.''' Neutral, standard. Means eleven-payers-field and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "elvamannaplan" (eleven-man's-field). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Enpersonsbil.''' Neutral, means one-person-car and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansbil" (one-man's-car). *'''Enpersonsjobb.''' Neutral, means one-person's-job and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansjobb" (one-man's-job). *'''Enpersonsshow/enpersonsföreställning, tvåpersonsshow/tvåpersonsföreställning.''' Neutral alternative to "enmansshow" and "tvåmansshow". *'''Fåägarföretag.''' Neutral alternative to "fåmansföretag". *'''Förtrollare/trollkonstnär/förhäxare/häxkonstnär/magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch), even though it can be seen as a gender-neutral word in itself. *'''Föräldraskap/släktskap, barnbärande föräldraskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood, kinship and childbearing parenthood, they can be used as a gender-neutral alternatives to motherhood and fatherhood. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * '''Grottbo.''' Neutral word for caveman/cavewoman. *'''Gudom/gud.''' Neutral, standard. Means deity/god and can be used as gender-neutral terms instead of separating gud (god) and gudinna (godess). *'''Hemspråk, familjespråk, förstaspråk, källspråk, ursprungspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to mother tongue. *'''Humanoid.''' Neutral alternative to android/gynoid. *'''Huskost/hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine). *'''Huvudfarkost/huvudskepp, bärarfarkost/bärarskepp, basfarkost/basskepp, hangarfarkost/hangarskepp.''' Neutral non-standard, little use, alternatives to mothership. *'''Huvudkort, systemkort.''' Neutral standard alternatives to motherboard. *'''Härskarvälde.''' Neutral, standard. Means reign/rulerreign/rulership and can be use as a non-male-centric alternative to "herravälde" ("male-"lordreign). *'''Idrottaranda, sportligt uppförande, ärlighet, renhårighet, rättvist spel, atletisk integritet, rättvisa.''' Neutral alternatives to sportmannaanda/idrottsmannaanda/sportmanship. *'''Javisst, jajavisst, absolut, naturligtvis, sannerligen, självklart.''' Neutral, standard. "Javisst" means "oh yes"/"sure thing"/"you bet", "absolut" mean "absolutely", "naturligtvis" means "naturally", "sannerligen" means "truly" and "självklart" means "of course". These can be used instead of the phrases "jajamän" and "jajemänsan" that means the same as "javisst" but its origin meaning is "yes holy man/men". Directly dividing and translating the word "jajamän" gives the phrase "yes-yes men". "Jajavisst" is an innovative phrase that means the same as "javisst", but it is more adapted to be used instead of "jajamän"/"jajamänsan". * '''J. Doe, Jay Doe.''' Gender-neutral alternative to Jane Doe and John Doe. *'''Karaktär.''' Neutral, standard. Means character/game-character and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "spelgubbe/gubbe" (game-man/man). *'''Kronarvtagare/tronföljare/arvinge.''' Neutral, standard. Means crown-successor/heir and can be used instead of "kronprinsessa" (crown princess) and "kronprins" (crown prince). *'''Latinamerikan/latine/latinx.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino. Latinamerikan means latinamerican. Latine is more in line with the grammar in Spanish and Portugese, but latinx is used much more frequently. *'''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man). *'''Oligarki, fåvälde.''' Neutral alternatives to "fåmannavälde". *'''Parentonym.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This can be used as a hypernym of matronym and patronym, but also to refer to such names in a gender-neutral sense. *'''Parriarkat.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This refers to matriarchal and/or patriarchal social systems. See the English parriarch with the prefix parr- (kin). *'''Placenta.''' Neutral alternative to "moderkaka" which translates to "mother-cookie". *'''Politisk skicklighet, diplomati, diplomatisk skicklighet, förvaltningsexpertis.''' Neutral alternatives to statsmannaskap (statesmanship). *'''Polttare, föräktenskapsfest.''' Neutral, semi-standard loanword from Finnish and a descriptive phrase. Means "bach party" and "pre-marriage party" and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to möhippa (bachelorette party) and svensexa (bachelor party). *'''Prin/prinx, pringemål/prinxgemål, kronprin/kronprinx.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Prin/prinx are by only using the beginning of each word, or by adding a neutral -x, gender-neutral alternatives to "prinsessa" (princess) and "prins" (prince) . They can be used to refer to a royal person's child or consort/spouse gender-neutrally. The married spouse of a prin/prinx is called pringemål/prinxgemål. Kronprin/kronprinx is used to refer to a royal crown-heir gender-neutrally. *'''Regent/monark/majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king. *'''Regentgemål.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant consort. *'''Rike/kronland/monarki.''' Neutral. Means realm/crownland/monarchy, can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "kungarike" (kingdom) or "drottningrike" (queendom). * '''Rojal.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means royal and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "kunglig" (meaning royal but is formed like "kingly"). *'''(ingift) rojal gemål, monarkgemål/monarkigemål.''' Neutral. Means ("married/in-law") royal consort/spouse and monarch-consort/monarchy-consort/spouse and can be used instead of princess/prince. *'''Rojalt barn, monarkbarn/monarkibarn.''' Neutral. Means royal child and monarch-child(ren)/monarchy-child(ren) and can be used instead of princess/prince. *'''Sjövett.''' Neutral alternative to sjömanskap (seamanship). * '''Snöfigur/snövän/snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman). *'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill). *'''Strukhuvudsknöl/larynxknöl'''. Neutral alternative to "Adam's apple". *'''Surrogatskap/surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood). </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *'''Syskonskap/kamratskap/gemenskap/samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood. *'''Uppträdningsförmåga, scennärvaro, teater, artisteri.''' Neutral alternatives to showmanship. *'''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". *'''Vattumänniska, vattufolk.''' Neutral alternatives to "sjöjungfru/vattukvinna" (mermaid) and "sjöman/vattuman" (merman), means merperson and merfolk. *'''Vuxendom/vuxenskap/vuxenliv, ålderdom/ålderskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood/adult-life and elderhood, they can be used as gender-neutral alternatives to womandhood and manhood. * '''Ättlingspråk, anspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to daughter language and mother language regarding language history. *'''160x200 säng.''' Neutral alternative to "Queen-size bed" using the standard Swedish sizes for this type of bed. *'''180x200 säng.''' Neutral alternative to "King-size bed" using the standard Swedish sizes for this type of bed. </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Example sentences</span>== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> '''The following words are example sentences for different nonstandard words mentioned above:''' *Hen är rojal. *Sveriges rojala familj är av ätten Bernadotte. *Sverige, formellt Riket Sverige, är ett land som ligger i Nordeuropa. * Hens förlovade/fästpartner har åkt i väg på sin polttare. * Ena brudpartnern väntar vid altaret. *Brudföljet består av brudparets ”respektive fästfölje”, dessa kallas för fästföljare. Utav dessa så har brudpartnerna varsin hedersperson/hedersvän. *Min gemål har redan åkt iväg. *Efter sin gemåls/livspartners bortgång så försökte de att navigera livet som änkeperson. *Jag och mina barn omtalar mig som deras förälder och tilltalar mig med mitt förnamn. *Mitt barn tycker om att läsa. *Mitt barn ska gifta sig. *Jag och mitt syskon ska åka på konsert. *Mitt yngre syskon/lillasyskon har börjat spela fotboll. *Mitt äldre syskon/storasyskon spelar piano. *Jag har ett yngre syskon och ett äldre syskon. *Jag träffade mitt syskonbarn på BB igår. *Jag hälsade på min svärförälder och mitt svärsyskon förra helgen. *Jag är glad att mitt svärbarn är så omtänksam. *Jag och hen är faktiskt släkt, vi är sysslingar. *Hen och hens förälder/föffe/förre ska gå på restaurang. * Hens förälder/förre/föffe ska hämta hen. * Min föffe/förre har en röd bil. *Jag ska fråga förre om hen kan swisha mig. *Hen är dagföffe åt en golden retriever. *Kattens föffe brukar leka utomhus med den. * Hen har två mappor som föräldrar. *Hen och hens mappa ska gå på restaurang. *Hens mappa ska hämta hen. *De har blivit mappa! *Min mappa har en röd bil. *Mina mappor/föräldrar heter Charlie och Kim. *Jag ska fråga min mappa om hen kan swisha mig. *Mina förföräldrar kommer från Finland. *Min förrförr/förför har en ny bil. *Min förrförr/förför har skaffat en katt. *Grattis! Du har blivit förrförr/förför. *Min morför/farför/förmor/förfar kommer från Finland. *Min morför/farför/förmor/förfar har en ny bil. *Min morför/farför/förmor/förfar har skaffat en katt. *Grattis! Du har blivit morför/farför/förmor/förfar. *Jag har bara ett föräldrasyskon. *Alla mina föräldrasyskon är yngre än mina föräldrar. *Har du några försyskon? * Jag ska sova hos mitt försyskon. *Mitt försyskon har ett eget företag. *Mina morssyskon är roliga. *Hens morssyskon har klippt hens hår. *Mina farssyskon är roliga. *Hens farssyskon har klippt hens hår. *Försyster/föster Anna gav mig den här jackan./Förbror Erik gav mig den här jackan. *Jag har fem föstrar/förbröder. * Hans försyster/föster/förbror har en döv katt. *Hens försyster/föster/förbror älskar lakrits. *Hennes försyster/föster/förbror äger ett bageri. *Igår föddes en ny prin i Sveriges rojala familj. *Pringemålen har öppnat upp om händelsen. *Sveriges regent Carl XVI Gustaf och hans regentgemål Silvia har tre barn: prin Carl Philip, prin Madeleine och kronprinen Victoria. *Sveriges nya kronprin är före detta prin Estelle. </div> ==<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Professions & roles</span>== <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Italic'' words are innovative nonstandard words. </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Abbot, abbedissa → Klosterföreståndare, ''abbist (inferred using the gender-neutral "-ist" ending)'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Affärsman → Affärsperson, affärsidkare, näringsidkare, företagare, entreprenör </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Bankman → Bankperson, bankpersonal </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Barnmorska → Graviditetsvårdare, förlossningsvårdare (inferred by using "graviditets-" [pregnancy-], "förlossnings-" [childbirth-] and "-vårdare" [-caretaker] as descriptive terms for the midwife profession), ''jordevårdare (not a mutually understandably or established alternative for the professional midwife title. Inferred using the old word "jorde-" – which is believed to mean child – used in the old word for barnmorska which is "jordemor", and instead replacing "-morska" [mother] with "-vårdare" [caretaker])'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Borgensman → ''Borgensperson, borgensförtrodd (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" and "-förtrodd" [-trusted] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Brandman → Brandbekämpare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Byggherre → Byggaktör </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Drag queen, drag king → Drag artist/drag majestät/drag monark (''drag ⇄ dressed as a gender'') </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Fackman → Fackperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Flygvärd, Flygvärdinna → Kabinpersonal, ''kabinbiträde'', flygpersonal, ''flygbiträde (inferred using the gender-neutral "-biträde" ["assistant"])'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Frisör, Frisörska → Friserare, frisör, hårstylist </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Fröken/Dagisfröken → Förskollärare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Förman → ''Förchef (inferred using the gender-neutral "-chef" [boss] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Förtroendeman → Förtroendevald, ''förtroendeombud (inferred using the gender-neutral "-ombud" [agent] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *God man → God person/''God förtrodd (inferred using the gender-neutral "-förtrodd" [-trusted] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Grevinna → Greve </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Gudsman → Profet, predikare, präst, pastor, gudsperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Gärningsman → Gärningsperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Husfar, husmor → Husförälder </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Husfru, husherre → Husföreståndare, restauranghusföreståndare, hotellhusföreståndare *Hushållerska → Hushållare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Huvudman → Fullmaktsgivare, huvudansvarig myndighet </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Idrottsman, sportsman → Idrottare, idrottsperson, atlet, idrottsutövare, sportperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Jungman, befaren jungman → Jungsjösoldat/befaren jungsjösoldat ''(inferred using the gender-neutral alternative to "sjöman"–"sjösoldat", see below)'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Justeringsman → Justerare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Kameraman → Kameraoperatör, kameraarbetare, kameraperson, filmare, fotograf </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Kassör, kassörska → Kassabiträde, kassapersonal, kassaförvaltare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Krigsman → Krigare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Köpman, handelsman → ''Köpesperson (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" instead of "-man")'', handelsperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Lärarinna → Lärare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Massör, massös → Masserare, massageterapeut </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Mattant → Bespisningspersonal, matpersonal, måltidspersonal, måltidsbiträde, ''bespisare (inferred using the "-are" ending as a gender-neutral way to make the verb "bespisa" [to feed, to give food] into a noun of a person doing it)'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Mattant/städerska (på skola) → Skolmåltidsbiträde, ''skolbiträde (inferred using the gender-neutral "-biträde" ["assistant"])'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Målsman → Vårdnadshavare *Mejerska → Mejeriarbetare, mejerist, mjölkare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Nunna, munk → ''Monastiker (inferred using "-er" on the word "<u>monasti</u>cism" to make it a noun of a person following it)'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Nämndeman → ''Nämndeperson, nämndaktör (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" and "-aktör" ["participant"] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Ombudsman → Ombud, ''ombudsperson (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Polisman → Polis *Priorinna, prior → Priorklosterföreståndare, ställföreträdande klosterföreståndare, prior </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Radioman → Radiopratare, radioprogramledare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Riksdagsman → Riksdagsledamot </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Servitris, servitör → Serverare, serveringspersonal, kypare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Sierska → Siare * Sjukvårdsman → Sanitär </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Sjöman → ''Sjösoldat'', flottist, sjöfarare (''inferred using the gender-neutral "-soldat" [soldier] instead of "-man"'') </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Sjuksköterska/sköterska, akutsjuksköterska, ambulanssjuksköterska, anestesisjuksköterska, barnsjuksköterska, distriktsköterska, intensivvårdssjuksköterska, IVA-sjuksköterska, kirurgsjuksköterska, KOL-sjuksköterska, onkologisjuksköterska, operationssjuksköterska, psykiatrisjuksköterska, röntgensjuksköterska, sjuksköterska inom äldrevården, skolsköterska, specialistsjuksköterska, tandsköterska, undersköterska, ögonsjuksköterska → Sjukskötare, ''akutsjukskötare, ambulanssjukskötare, anestesisjukskötare, barnsjukskötare, distriktsjukskötare, intensivvårdssjukskötare, IVA-sjukskötare, kirurgsjukskötare, KOL-sjukskötare, onkologisjukskötare, operationssjukskötare, psykiatrisjukskötare, röntgensjukskötare, sjukskötare inom äldrevården, skolsjukskötare, specialistsjukskötare,'' tandskötare, underskötare, ''ögonsjukskötare (inferred using the – traditionally masculine but in – modern Swedish gender-neutral ending "-are" instead of the feminine "-erska")'' *Skådespelerska, teaterman → Skådespelare *Sopgubbe → Sopbilsförare, sopåkare, sophämtare, soppersonal </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Spelman → Folkmusiker, musikant, musiker *Springpojke → Springbud, skickebud, budbärare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Språkman → Språkperson, språkforskare, lingvist </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Statsman → Statsledare, politiker *Stridsman → Stridare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Studioman → Studioaktör </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Stuntman → Stuntperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Städerska → Städare, städpersonal, städbiträde, vaktmästare, lokalvårdare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> * Sångerska → Sångare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Sömmerska → Sömmare, s''ömist (inferred using the gender-neutral "-ist" ending)'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Talesman → Talesperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Talman → ''Talledare (inferred using the gender-neutral "-ledare" [leader] instead of "-man")'' </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Tidningsman → ''Tidningsperson (inferred using the gender-neutral "-person" instead of "-man"),'' journalist </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Tjänsteman → Tjänsteperson, handläggare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Upphovsman → Upphovsrättsinnehavare, upphovsperson, upphovsmakare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Yrkesman → Yrkesperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Vaktman → Vakt, väktare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Vetenskapsman → Forskare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Våldsman → Våldsverkare *Våldtäktsman → Våldtäktsförövare, våldtäktare </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Ämbetsman → Ämbetsperson </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> *Överman → ''Övermotståndare (inferred using the gender-neutral "-motståndare" [opponent] instead of "-man")'' </div> [[Category:Gender neutral language]]
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