Module:Citation/CS1

    From Nonbinary Wiki
    Revision as of 17:02, 5 April 2013 by m>Dragons flight (don't categorize empty unnamed parameters)

    Documentation for this module may be created at Module:Citation/CS1/doc

    local z = {
        error_categories = {};
        message_tail = {};
    }
    
    local whitelist = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' );
    
    -- Checks that parameter name is valid
    function validate( name )
        name = tostring( name );
        
        -- Normal arguments
        if whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ] then
            return true;
        end
        
        -- Arguments with numbers in them
        name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" );
        if whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ] then
            return true;
        end
        
        -- Not found, argument not supported.
        return false
    end
    
    -- Formats a hidden comment for error trapping not intended to be visible to readers
    function hiddencomment( content )
        return '<span style="display: none;" class="citation-comment">' .. content .. '</span>';
    end
    
    -- This returns a string with HTML character entities for wikitext markup characters.
    function wikiescape(text)
        text = text:gsub( '[&\'%[%]{|}]', {    
                ['&'] = '&#38;',    
                ["'"] = '&#39;',    
                ['['] = '&#91;',    
                [']'] = '&#93;',    
                ['{'] = '&#123;',    
                ['|'] = '&#124;',	
                ['}'] = '&#125;' } );
        return text;
    end
    
    -- Create an HTML tag
    function createTag(t, frame)
        local name = t.name or "!-- --"
        local content = t.contents or ""
        local attrs = {}
        for n,v in pairs(t.params) do
            if (v) then
                table.insert(attrs, n .. "=\"" .. wikiescape(v) .. "\"")
            else
                table.insert(attrs, n)
            end
        end
        if ("" == content) then
            return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. "/>"
        else
            return "<" .. name .. " " .. table.concat(attrs, " ") .. ">" .. content .. "</" .. name .. ">"
        end
    end
    
    --[[
    This is a clone of mw.text.nowiki.  When the mw.text library is installed,
    this can be replaced by a call to that library. 
    ]]
    function nowiki( s )
        -- string.gsub is safe here, because we're only caring about ASCII chars
        s = string.gsub( s, '["&\'<=>%[%]{|}]', {
            ['"'] = '&#34;',
            ['&'] = '&#38;',
            ["'"] = '&#39;',
            ['<'] = '&#60;',
            ['='] = '&#61;',
            ['>'] = '&#62;',
            ['['] = '&#91;',
            [']'] = '&#93;',
            ['{'] = '&#123;',
            ['|'] = '&#124;',
            ['}'] = '&#125;',
        } )
        s = string.sub( string.gsub( '\n' .. s, '\n[#*:;]', {
            ["\n#"] = "\n&#35;",
            ["\n*"] = "\n&#42;",
            ["\n:"] = "\n&#58;",
            ["\n;"] = "\n&#59;",
        } ), 2 )
        s = string.gsub( s, '://', '&#58;//' )
        s = string.gsub( s, 'ISBN ', 'ISBN&#32;' )
        s = string.gsub( s, 'RFC ', 'RFC&#32;' )
    
        return s
    end
    
    -- Formats a wiki style external link
    function externallinkid(options)
        local sep = options.separator or "&nbsp;"
        options.suffix = options.suffix or ""
        local url_string = options.id
        if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
            url_string = mw.uri.encode( url_string );
        end
        
        return "[[" .. options.link .. "|" .. options.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[" .. 
                options.prefix .. url_string .. options.suffix .. " " .. nowiki(options.id) .. "]"
    end
    
    -- Formats a wiki style internal link
    function internallinkid(options)
        local sep = options.separator or "&nbsp;"
        options.suffix = options.suffix or ""
        return "[[" .. options.link .. "|" .. options.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[[" .. 
                options.prefix .. options.id .. options.suffix .. "|" .. nowiki(options.id) .. "]]"
    end
    
    -- Formats a link to Amazon
    function amazon(id, domain)
        if ( nil == domain ) then 
            domain = "com"
        elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
            domain = "co." .. domain
        end
        return externallinkid({link="Amazon Standard Identification Number",
            label="ASIN",prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id,encode=false})
    end
    
    -- Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.
    function doi(id, inactive)
        local cat = ""
        
        local text;
        if ( inactive ~= nil ) then 
            text = "[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:" .. id;
            table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. selectyear(inactive) );        
            inactive = " (inactive " .. inactive .. ")" 
        else 
            text = externallinkid({link="Digital object identifier",label="doi",
                prefix="http://dx.doi.org/",id=id,separator=":"})
            inactive = "" 
        end
        if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= "10." ) then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with DOI errors" );        
            cat = ' <span class="error">Bad DOI (expected "10." prefix) in code number</span>'
        end
        return text .. inactive .. cat 
     end
    
    -- Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
    function safeforurl( str )
        if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then 
            table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with citations having wikilinks embedded in URL titles" );
            table.insert( z.message_tail, "Wikilink embedded in URL title" );
        end
        
        return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {    
            ['['] = '&#91;',	
            [']'] = '&#93;',	
            ['\n'] = ' ' } );
    end
    
    -- Converts a hyphen to a dash
    function hyphentodash( str )
        if str == nil then
            return nil;
        end    
        if str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then 
            return str;
        end    
        return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
    end
    
    -- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''
    function safeforitalics( str )
        --[[ Note: We can not use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for
        italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted
        (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, <i> and ''
        tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]]
        
        if str == nil or str == '' then
            return str;
        else
            if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end
            if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end
            return str;
        end
    end
    
    --[[
    Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation
    characters.
    ]]
    function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
        --[[
        Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
        
        This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
        long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
        in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
        ]]
        
        local str = '';
        local comp = '';
        local end_chr = '';
        local trim;
        for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
            if value == nil then value = ''; end
            
            if str == '' then
                str = value;
            elseif value ~= '' then
                if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
                    -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
                    comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
                else
                    comp = value;
                end
                
                if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
                    trim = false;
                    end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
                    -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")"
                    if end_chr == duplicate_char then
                        str = str:sub(1,-2);
                    elseif end_chr == "'" then
                        if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then
                            str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''";
                        elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then
                            trim = true;
                        elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then
                            trim = true;
                        end
                    elseif end_chr == "]" then
                        if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then
                            trim = true;
                        elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then
                            trim = true;
                        end
                    elseif end_chr == " " then
                        if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                            str = str:sub(1,-3);
                        end
                    end
    
                    if trim then
                        if value ~= comp then 
                            local dup2 = duplicate_char;
                            if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end
                            
                            value = value:gsub( "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )
                        else
                            value = value:sub( 2, -1 );
                        end
                    end
                end
                str = str .. value;
            end
        end
        return str;
    end  
    
    --[[
    Return the year portion of a date string, if possible.  
    Returns empty string if the argument can not be interpreted
    as a year.
    ]]
    function selectyear( str )
        -- Is the input a simple number?
        local num = tonumber( str ); 
        if num ~= nil and num > 0 and num < 2100 and num == math.abs(num) then
            return str;
        else
            -- Use formatDate to interpret more complicated formats
            local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
            local good, result;
            good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str )
            if good then 
                return result;
            else
                -- Can't make sense of this input, return blank.
                return "";
            end
        end
    end
    
    -- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.
    function openlibrary(id)
        local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
        if ( code == "A" ) then
            return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",
                prefix="http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL",id=id})
        elseif ( code == "M" ) then
            return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",
                prefix="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL",id=id})
        elseif ( code == "W" ) then
            return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",
                prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL",id=id})
        else
            table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with OL errors" );
            return externallinkid({link="Open Library",label="OL",
                prefix= "http://openlibrary.org/OL",id=id}) .. 
                ' <span class="error">Bad OL specified</span>';
        end
    end
    
    -- Attempts to convert names to initials.
    function reducetoinitials(first)
        local initials = {}
        for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do
            table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
        end
        return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
    end
    
    -- Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) 
    function listpeople(control, people)
        local sep = control.sep;
        if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
        local namesep = control.namesep
        local format = control.format
        local maximum = control.maximum
        local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
        local text = {}
        local etal = false;
        for i,person in ipairs(people) do
            if (person.last ~= nil or person.last ~= "") then
                local mask = person.mask
                local one
                if ( maximum ~= nil and i == maximum + 1 ) then
                    etal = true;
                    break;
                elseif (mask ~= nil) then
                    local n = tonumber(mask)
                    if (n ~= nil) then
                        one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
                    else
                        one = mask
                    end
                else
                    one = person.last
                    local first = person.first
                    if (first ~= nil and first ~= '') then 
                        if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                        one = one .. namesep .. first 
                    end
                    if (person.link ~= nil and person.link ~= "") then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end
                end
                table.insert(text, one)
            end
        end
        local count = #text;
        if count > 1 and lastauthoramp ~= nil and lastauthoramp ~= "" and not etal then
            text[count-1] = text[count-1] .. " & " .. text[count];
            text[count] = nil;
        end    
        local result = table.concat(text, sep) -- construct list
        if etal then 
            local etal_text = "et al."
            if (sepc == ".") then etal_text = "et al" end
            result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
        end
        
        -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps
        if ( "scap" == format ) then result= createTag({name="span", contents=result, 
            params={class="smallcaps", style="font-variant:small-caps;"}}) end 
        return result, count
    end
    
    -- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID.
    function anchorid(options)
        local P1 = options[1] or ""
        local P2 = options[2] or ""
        local P3 = options[3] or ""
        local P4 = options[4] or ""
        local P5 = options[5] or ""
        
        -- Bugzilla 46608
        local encoded = mw.uri.anchorEncode( P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5 );
        if encoded == false then
            encoded = "";
        end
        
        return "CITEREF" .. encoded;
    end
    
    -- Gets author list from the input arguments
    function extractauthors(args)
        local authors = {};
        local i = 1;
        local last;
        
        while true do
            last = args["author" .. i .. "-last"] or args["author-last" .. i] or 
                    args["last" .. i] or args["surname" .. i] or args["Author" .. i] or args["author" .. i]
            if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
                authors[i] = {
                    last = last,
                    first = args["author" .. i .. "-first"] or args["author-first" .. i] or 
                            args["first" .. i] or args["given" .. i],
                    link = args["author" .. i .. "-link"] or args["author-link" .. i] or 
                            args["author" .. i .. "link"] or args["authorlink" .. i],
                    mask = args["author" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["author-mask" .. i] or 
                            args["author" .. i .. "mask"] or args["authormask" .. i]
                }
            else
                break;
            end
            i = i + 1;
        end
        return authors;
    end
    
    -- Gets editor list from the input arguments
    function extracteditors(args)
        local editors = {};
        local i = 1;
        local last;
        
        while true do
            last = args["editor" .. i .. "-last"] or args["editor-last" .. i] or 
                    args["EditorSurname" .. i] or args["Editor" .. i] or args["editor" .. i]
            if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
                editors[i] = {
                    last = last,
                    first = args["editor" .. i .. "-first"] or args["editor-first" .. i] or args["EditorGiven" .. i],
                    link = args["editor" .. i .. "-link"] or args["editor-link" .. i] or 
                            args["editor" .. i .. "link"] or args["editorlink" .. i],
                    mask = args["editor" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["editor-mask" .. i] or 
                            args["editor" .. i .. "mask"] or args["editormask" .. i]
                }
            else
                break;
            end
            i = i + 1;
        end
        return editors;
    end
    
    --[[
    This is the main function foing the majority of the citation
    formatting.
    ]]
    function citation0( config, args)
        -- Load Input Parameters
    
        local PPrefix = config.PPrefix or "p.&nbsp;"
        local PPPrefix = config.PPPrefix or "pp.&nbsp;"
        if ( nil ~= args.nopp ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
        
        -- Transfer unnumbered arguments to numbered arguments if necessary.
        args["author1"] = args.author1 or args.author or args.authors
        args["author1-last"] = args["author1-last"] or args["author-last"] or args["last"]
        args["author1-first"] = args["author1-first"] or args["author-first"]
          or args.first or args.first1 or args.given or args.given1
        args["author1-link"] = args["author1-link"] or args["author-link"]
        args["author1-mask"] = args["author1-mask"] or args["author-mask"] or args["authormask"]
        args["author1link"] = args["author1link"] or args["authorlink"]    
        args["editor1"] = args["editor1"] or args["editor"]
        args["editor1-last"] = args["editor1-last"] or args["editor-last"]
        args["editor1-first"] = args["editor1-first"] or args["editor-first"]
        args["editor1-link"] = args["editor1-link"] or args["editor-link"]
        args["editor1-mask"] = args["editor1-mask"] or args["editor-mask"] or args["editormask"]
        args["editor1link"] = args["editor1link"] or args["editorlink"]    
    
        -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
        -- define different field names for the same underlying things.    
        local Authors = args.authors
        local i 
        local a = extractauthors( args );
    
        local Coauthors = args.coauthors or args.coauthor 
        local Others = args.others 
        local EditorMask = args.editormask or args["editor-mask"]
        local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
        local Editors = args.editors
        local e = extracteditors( args );
    
        local Year = args.year 
        local PublicationDate = args.publicationdate or args["publication-date"]
        local OrigYear = args.origyear
        local Date = args.date
        local LayDate = args.laydate
        ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
        local Title = args.title or args.encyclopaedia or args.encyclopedia or args.dictionary
        local BookTitle = args.booktitle
        local Conference = args.conference
        local TransTitle = args.trans_title
        local TitleNote = args.department
        local TitleLink = args.titlelink or args.episodelink
        local Chapter = args.chapter or args.contribution or args.entry
        local ChapterLink = args.chapterlink
        local TransChapter = args["trans-chapter"] or args.trans_chapter
        local TitleType = args.type
        local ArchiveURL = args["archive-url"] or args.archiveurl
        local URL = args.url or args.URL
        local ChapterURL = args["chapter-url"] or args.chapterurl or args["contribution-url"]
        local ConferenceURL = args["conference-url"] or args.conferenceurl
        local Periodical = args.journal or args.newspaper or args.magazine or args.work
                or args.periodical or args.encyclopedia or args.encyclopaedia
                
        if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
            if ( args.article and args.article ~= "") then
                if ( Title and Title ~= "") then Periodical = Title end
                Chapter = args.article
                TransChapter = TransTitle
                Title = nil          
                TransTitle = nil
            elseif ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == '' ) then
                if Title ~= args.encyclopedia then 
                    Chapter = Title
                    TransChapter = TransTitle
                    Title = nil 
                    TransTitle = nil
                end
            end
            if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "") then
                if Periodical == Title or Periodical == Chapter then Periodical = nil end
            end
        end
        local Series = args.series or args.version
        local Volume = args.volume
        local Issue = args.issue or args.number
        local Position = nil
        local Page = args.p or args.page
        local Pages = hyphentodash( args.pp or args.pages )
        local At = args.at
        local page_error = false;
        
        if Page ~= nil and Page ~= '' then
            if (Pages ~= nil and Pages ~= '') or (At ~= nil and At ~= '') then
                Pages = nil;
                At = nil;
                page_error = true;
            end
        elseif Pages ~= nil and Pages ~= '' then
            if At ~= nil and At ~= '' then
                At = nil;
                page_error = true;
            end
        end
        
        local Edition = args.edition
        local PublicationPlace = args["publication-place"] or args.publicationplace 
                or args.place or args.location
        local Place = args.place or args.location
        if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = nil; end
        
        local PublisherName = args.publisher
        local SubscriptionRequired = args.subscription
        local Via = args.via
        local AccessDate = args["access-date"] or args.accessdate
        local ArchiveDate = args["archive-date"] or args.archivedate
        local Agency = args.agency
        local DeadURL = args.deadurl or "yes"           -- Only used is ArchiveURL is present.
        local Language = args.language or args["in"]
        local Format = args.format
        local Ref = args.ref or args.Ref
        local ARXIV = args.arxiv or args.ARXIV
        local ASIN = args.asin or args.ASIN 
        local ASINTLD = args["ASIN-TLD"] or args["asin-tld"]
        local BIBCODE = args.bibcode or args.BIBCODE
        local DOI = args.doi or args.DOI
        local DoiBroken = args.doi_inactivedate or args.doi_brokendate or args.DoiBroken
        local ID = args.id or args.ID
        local ISBN = args.isbn13 or args.isbn or args.ISBN
        local ISSN = args.issn or args.ISSN
        local JFM = args.jfm or args.JFM
        local JSTOR = args.jstor or args.JSTOR
        local LCCN = args.lccn or args.LCCN
        local MR = args.mr or args.MR
        local OCLC = args.oclc or args.OCLC
        local OL = args.ol or args.OL
        local OSTI = args.osti or args.OSTI
        local PMC = args.pmc or args.PMC
        local PMID = args.pmid or args.PMID
        local RFC = args.rfc or args.RFC
        local SSRN = args.ssrn or args.SSRN
        local ZBL = args.zbl or args.ZBL
        local Quote = args.quote or args.quotation
        local PostScript = args.postscript or "."
        local LaySummary = args.laysummary
        local LaySource = args.laysource
        local Transcript = args.transcript
        local TranscriptURL = args["transcript-url"] or args.transcripturl
        local sepc = args.separator or "."
        local LastAuthorAmp = args.lastauthoramp
        local no_tracking_cats = args["template doc demo"] or args.nocat or 
                args.notracking or args["no-tracking"] or "";
    
        if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
            if (URL == nil or URL == "") then
              if (PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="")
                then URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC" .. PMC
                else URL=nil
              end
            end
        end
    
        -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
        
        -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
        if ( BookTitle ) then
            Chapter = Title
            ChapterLink = TitleLink
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = BookTitle
            TitleLink = nil
            TransTitle = nil
        end
        -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
        if config.CitationClass == "episode" then
            local AirDate = args.airdate
            local SeriesLink = args.serieslink
            local Season = args.season
            local SeriesNumber = args.seriesnumber or args.seriesno
            local Network = args.network
            local Station = args.station
            local s = {}
            if Issue ~= nil then table.insert(s, "episode " .. Issue) Issue = nil end
            if Season ~= nil then table.insert(s, "season " .. Season) end
            if SeriesNumber ~= nil then table.insert(s, "series " .. SeriesNumber) end
            local n = {}
            if Network ~= nil then table.insert(n, Network) end
            if Station ~= nil then table.insert(n, Station) end
            Date = Date or AirDate
            Chapter = Title
            ChapterLink = TitleLink
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = Series
            TitleLink = SeriesLink
            TransTitle = nil
            local Sep = args["series-separator"] or args["separator"] or ". "
            Series = table.concat(s, Sep)
            ID = table.concat(n, Sep)
        end
        
        -- These data form a COinS tag (see <http://ocoins.info/>) which allows 
        -- automated tools to parse the citation information.
        local OCinSdata = {} -- COinS metadata excluding id, bibcode, doi, etc.
        local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004" 
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
        if ( nil ~= Periodical ) then
            OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "article"
            OCinSdata["rft.jtitle"] = Periodical
            if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
        end
        if ( nil ~= Chapter and "" ~= Chapter) then
            OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"
            OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Chapter
            if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
        else
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "book"
    	    if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Title end
        end
        OCinSdata["rft.place"] = PublicationPlace
        OCinSdata["rft.date"] = Date or Year or PublicationDate
        OCinSdata["rft.series"] = Series
        OCinSdata["rft.volume"] = Volume
        OCinSdata["rft.issue"] = Issue
        OCinSdata["rft.pages"] = Page or Pages or At
        OCinSdata["rft.edition"] = Edition
        OCinSdata["rft.pub"] = PublisherName
        OCinSdata["rft.isbn"] = ISBN
        OCinSdata["rft.issn"] = ISSN
        OCinSdata["rft.jfm"] = JFM
        OCinSdata["rft.jstor"] = JSTOR
        OCinSdata["rft.lccn"] = LCCN
        OCinSdata["rft.mr"] = MR
        OCinSdata.rft_id = URL or ChapterURL
        if ( nil ~= a[1] and nil ~= a[1].last) then
        local last = a[1].last
    	local first = a[1].first
    	OCinSdata["rft.aulast"] = last
            if ( nil ~= first ) then 
    	    OCinSdata["rft.aufirst"] = first
    	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last .. (args.NameSep or ", ") .. first
    	else
    	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last
            end
        end
        local OCinSids = {} -- COinS data only for id, bibcode, doi, pmid, etc.
        OCinSids["info:arxiv"] = ARXIV
        OCinSids["info:asin"] = ASIN
        OCinSids["info:bibcode"] = BIBCODE
        OCinSids["info:doi"] = DOI
        OCinSids["info:oclcnum"] = OCLC
        OCinSids["info:olnum"] = OL
        OCinSids["info:osti"] = OSTI
        OCinSids["info:pmc"] = PMC
        OCinSids["info:pmid"] = PMID
        OCinSids["info:rfc"] = RFC
        OCinSids["info:ssrn"] = SSRN
        OCinSids["info:zbl"] = ZBL
        local OCinStitle = "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
        for name,value in pairs(OCinSids) do
            OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rft_id=" .. mw.uri.encode(name .. "/" .. value)
        end
        for name,value in pairs(OCinSdata) do
            OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&" .. name .. "=" .. mw.uri.encode(value)
        end
        
        local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:"
           .. this_page.prefixedText  -- end COinS data by page's non-encoded pagename
    
        if (Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "") and
            (Chapter == nil or Chapter == '') and
            (Title ~= nil and Title ~= "") then
                Chapter = Title
                ChapterLink = TitleLink
                TransChapter = TransTitle
                Title = nil
                TitleLink = nil
                TransTitle = nil            
        end
    
        -- Now perform various field substitutions.
        -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
        -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
        if ( Authors == nil ) then 
            local Maximum = tonumber(args["display-authors"] or args.displayauthors);
            
            -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
            if Maximum == nil and #a == 9 then 
                Maximum = 8;
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al.' );
                table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Citation uses old-style implicit et al. for authors' );
            elseif Maximum == nil then
                Maximum = #a + 1;
            end
                
            local control = { 
                sep = (args["author-separator"] or ";") .. " ",
                namesep = (args["author-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or ",") .. " ",
                format = args["author-format"] or args.authorformat,
                maximum = Maximum,
                lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
            }
            
            -- If the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting.
            if Coauthors ~= nil and Coauthors ~= "" then
                control.lastauthoramp = nil;
                control.maximum = #a + 1;
            end
                    
            Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
        end
        local EditorCount
        if ( Editors == nil ) then 
            local Maximum = tonumber(args["display-editors"] or args.displayeditors);
    
            -- Preserve old-style implicit et al.
            if Maximum == nil and #e == 4 then 
                Maximum = 3;
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using citations with old-style implicit et al.' );
                table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Citation uses old-style implicit et al. for editors' );
            elseif Maximum == nil then
                Maximum = #e + 1;
            end
    
            local control = { 
                sep = (args["editor-separator"] or ";") .. " ",
                namesep = (args["editor-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or ",") .. " ",
                format = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat,
                maximum = Maximum,
                lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp
                }
    
            Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e) 
        else
            EditorCount = 1;
        end
        if ( Date == nil or Date == "") then
    --   there's something hinky with how this adds dashes to perfectly-good free-standing years
    --[[        Date = Year
            if ( Date ~= nil ) then
                local Month = args.month
                if ( Month == nil ) then 
                    local Began = args.began
                    local Ended = args.ended
                    if Began ~= nil and Ended ~= nil then
                        Month = Began .. "&ndash;" .. Ended
                    else
                        Month = "&ndash;"
                    end
                end
                Date = Month .. " " .. Date
                local Day = args.day
                if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
            end
    ]] -- so let's use the original version for now
            Date = Year
            if ( Date ~= nil and Date ~="") then
                local Month = args.month
                if ( Month ~= nil and Month ~= "") then 
                    Date = Month .. " " .. Date 
                    local Day = args.day
                    if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
                    else Month = ""
                end
                else Date = ""
            end
        end
        if ( PublicationDate == Date or PublicationDate == Year ) then PublicationDate = nil end
        if( (Date == nil or Date == "") and PublicationDate ~= nil ) then 
            Date = PublicationDate;
            PublicationDate = nil;
        end    
    
        -- Captures the value for Date prior to adding parens or other textual transformations
        local DateIn = Date
        
        if ( URL == nil or URL == '' ) and
                ( ChapterURL == nil or ChapterURL == '' ) and
                ( ArchiveURL == nil or ArchiveURL == '' ) and                
                ( ConferenceURL == nil or ConferenceURL == '' ) and                
                ( TranscriptURL == nil or TranscriptURL == '' ) then
    
            -- Test if cite web is called without giving a URL
            if ( config.CitationClass == "web" ) then
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using web citations with no URL' );
                table.insert( z.message_tail, 'No URL on cite web' );
            end
    
            -- Test if accessdate is given without giving a URL
            if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~= '' ) then
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL' );
                table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Accessdate used without URL' );
                AccessDate = nil;
            end      
        
            -- Test if format is given without giving a URL
            if ( Format ~= nil and Format ~= '' ) then
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages using citations with format and no URL' );
                Format = Format .. hiddencomment( "File format specified without giving a URL" );
            end        
        end    
    
        -- Test if citation has no title
        if ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == "" ) and 
                ( Title == nil or Title == "" ) and
                ( Periodical == nil or Periodical == "" ) and
                ( Conference == nil or Conference == "" ) and 
                ( TransTitle == nil or TransTitle == "" ) and
                ( TransChapter == nil or TransChapter == "" ) then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations lacking titles' );
            table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Citation has no title' );
        end
    
        if ( Format ~= nil and Format ~="" ) then
            Format = " (" .. Format .. ")" else Format = "" end
        
        local OriginalURL = URL
        DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();
        if ( ArchiveURL and "" < ArchiveURL ) then
            if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
                URL = ArchiveURL
            end
        end
    
        if ( TransTitle and "" < TransTitle ) then TransTitle = " [" .. TransTitle .. "&#93;" else TransTitle = "" end
        if ( TransChapter and "" < TransChapter ) then TransChapter = " [" .. TransChapter .. "&#93;" else TransChapter = "" end
            
        -- Format chapter / article title
        if ( Chapter ~= nil and Chapter ~= "" ) then
            if ( ChapterLink and "" < ChapterLink ) then Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]" end
            if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) and (Title ~= nil and Title ~= "" )
            then
                Chapter = "''" .. safeforitalics(Chapter) .. "''"
            else
                Chapter = "\"" .. Chapter .. "\""
            end
        else
            Chapter = "";
        end
        if TransChapter ~= "" and Chapter == "" then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original' );
            TransChapter = TransChapter .. hiddencomment( "Translated title included without the original" );
        end
        Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter
        if Chapter ~= "" then
            if ( ChapterLink == nil ) then
                if ( ChapterURL and "" < ChapterURL ) then
                    Chapter = "[" .. ChapterURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter )  .. "]"
                    if URL == nil or URL == "" then
                        Chapter = Chapter .. Format;
                        Format = "";
                    end
                elseif ( URL and "" < URL ) then 
                    Chapter = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter ) .. "]" .. Format
                    URL = nil
                    Format = ""
                end
            end
            Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
        end
        
        -- Format main title.
        if ( Title and "" < Title ) then
            if ( TitleLink and "" < TitleLink ) then
                Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]" end
            if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) then
                Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
            elseif ( config.CitationClass == "web"
                    or config.CitationClass == "news" 
                    or config.CitationClass == "pressrelease" ) and 
                    Chapter == "" then
                Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
            else
                Title = "''" .. safeforitalics(Title) .. "''"
            end
        else
            Title = "";
        end    
        if TransTitle ~= "" and Title == "" then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using translated terms without the original' );
            TransTitle = TransTitle .. hiddencomment( "Translated title included without the original" );
        end
        Title = Title .. TransTitle
        if Title ~= "" then
            if ( TitleLink == nil and URL and "" < URL ) then 
                Title = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Title ) .. "]" .. Format
                URL = nil
                Format = ''
            end
        end
    
        if ( Place ~= nil and Place ~= "" ) then
            if sepc == '.' then
                Place = " Written at " .. Place .. sepc .. " ";
            else
                Place = " written at " .. Place .. sepc .. " ";
            end            
        else
            Place = "";
        end
        
        if ( Conference ~= nil and Conference ~="" ) then
            if ( ConferenceURL ~= nil ) then
                Conference = "[" .. ConferenceURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Conference ) .. "]"
            end
            Conference = " " .. Conference
        else 
            Conference = "" 
        end
        if ( nil ~= Position or nil ~= Page or nil ~= Pages ) then At = nil end
        if ( nil == Position and "" ~= Position ) then
            local Minutes = args.minutes
            if ( nil ~= Minutes ) then
                Position = " " .. Minutes .. " minutes in"
            else
                local Time = args.time
                if ( nil ~= Time ) then
                    local TimeCaption = args.timecaption or "Event occurs at"
                    Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time
                else
                    Position = ""
                end
            end
        else
            Position = " " .. Position
        end
        if ( nil == Page or "" == Page ) then 
            Page = "" 
            if ( nil == Pages or "" == Pages) then 
                Pages = ""
            elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
                     config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
                     config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
                     config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
                     config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
                Pages = ": " .. Pages
            else
                if ( tonumber(Pages) ~= nil ) then
                  Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages
                else Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages
                end
            end
        else
            Pages = ""
            if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
                Page = ": " .. Page
            else
                Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page
            end
        end
        if ( At ~= nil and At ~="") then At = sepc .. " " .. At
        else At = "" end
        if ( Coauthors == nil ) then Coauthors = "" end
        if ( Others ~= nil and Others ~="" ) then
            Others = sepc .. " " .. Others else Others = "" end
        if ( TitleType ~= nil and TitleType ~="" ) then
            TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")" else TitleType = "" end
        if ( TitleNote ~= nil and TitleNote ~="" ) then
            TitleNote = sepc .. " " .. TitleNote else TitleNote = "" end
        if ( Language ~= nil and Language ~="" ) then
            Language = " (in " .. Language .. ")" else Language = "" end
        if ( Edition ~= nil and Edition ~="" ) then
            Edition = " (" .. Edition .. " ed.)" else Edition = "" end
        if ( Volume ~= nil and Volume ~="" )
        then
            if ( mw.ustring.len(Volume) > 4 )
              then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume
              else Volume = " <b>" .. hyphentodash(Volume) .. "</b>"
            end
        else Volume = "" end
        if ( Issue ~= nil and Issue ~="" ) then
            Issue = " (" .. Issue .. ")" else Issue = "" end
        if ( Series ~= nil and Series ~="" ) then
            Series = sepc .. " " .. Series else Series = "" end
        if ( OrigYear ~= nil and OrigYear ~="" ) then
            OrigYear = " [" .. OrigYear .. "]" else OrigYear = "" end
        if ( Agency ~= nil and Agency ~="" ) then
            Agency = sepc .. " " .. Agency else Agency = "" end
        ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
        if ( Date ~= nil ) then Date = Date else Date = "" end
        if ( Via ~= nil and Via ~="" ) then
            Via = " &mdash; via " .. Via else Via = "" end
        if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~="" )
        then local retrv_text = " retrieved "
             if (sepc == ".") then retrv_text = " Retrieved " end
             AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">' .. sepc
                 .. retrv_text .. AccessDate .. '</span>'
        else AccessDate = "" end
        if ( SubscriptionRequired ~= nil and
             SubscriptionRequired ~= "" ) then
            SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. createTag({name="span", contents="(subscription required)", 
                params={style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"}})
        else
            SubscriptionRequired = ""
        end
        if ( ARXIV ~= nil and ARXIV ~= "" ) then
            ARXIV = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="arXiv",link="arXiv",
                prefix="http://arxiv.org/abs/",id=ARXIV,separator=":",encode=false}) else ARXIV = "" end
        if ( ASIN ~= nil and ASIN ~= "" ) then 
            ASIN = sepc .. " " .. amazon(ASIN, ASINTLD) else ASIN = "" end
        if ( BIBCODE ~= nil and BIBCODE ~= "" ) then
            BIBCODE = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="Bibcode",link="Bibcode",
                prefix="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/",id=BIBCODE,separator=":"}) else BIBCODE = "" end
        if ( DOI ~= nil and DOI ~= "" ) then
            DOI = sepc .. " " .. doi(DOI, DoiBroken) else DOI = "" end
        if ( ID ~= nil and ID ~="") then ID = sepc .." ".. ID else ID="" end
        if ( ISBN ~= nil and ISBN ~= "") then
            ISBN = sepc .. " " .. internallinkid({label="ISBN",link="International Standard Book Number",
                prefix="Special:BookSources/",id=ISBN}) else ISBN = "" end
        if ( ISSN ~= nil and ISSN ~="" ) then
            ISSN = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid({label="ISSN",link="International Standard Serial Number",
                prefix="//www.worldcat.org/issn/",id=ISSN,encode=false}) else ISSN = "" end
        if ( JFM ~= nil and JFM ~="" ) then
            JFM = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="JFM",link="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik",
                prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=JFM}) else JFM = "" end
        if ( JSTOR ~= nil and JSTOR ~="") then
            JSTOR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="JSTOR",link="JSTOR",
                prefix="http://www.jstor.org/stable/",id=JSTOR}) else JSTOR = "" end
        if ( LCCN ~= nil and LCCN ~="" ) then
            LCCN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="LCCN",link="Library of Congress Control Number",
                prefix="http://lccn.loc.gov/",id=LCCN,encode=false}) else LCCN = "" end
        if ( MR ~= nil and MR ~="" ) then
            MR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="MR",link="Mathematical Reviews",
                prefix="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=",id=MR}) else MR = "" end
        if ( OCLC ~= nil and OCLC ~="") then 
            OCLC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="OCLC",link="OCLC",
                prefix="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/",id=OCLC}) else OCLC = "" end
        if ( OL ~= nil and OL ~="") then
            OL = sepc .. " " .. openlibrary(OL) else OL = "" end    
        if ( OSTI ~= nil and OSTI ~="") then
            OSTI = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="OSTI",link="Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
                prefix="http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=",id=OSTI}) else OSTI = "" end
        if ( PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="") then
            PMC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="PMC",link="PubMed Central"
                ,prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC",suffix=" ",id=PMC}) else PMC = "" end
        if ( PMID ~= nil and PMID ~="") then
            PMID = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="PMID",link="PubMed Identifier",
                prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/",id=PMID,encode=false}) else PMID = "" end
        if ( RFC ~= nil and RFC ~="") then
            RFC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="RFC",link="Request for Comments",
                prefix="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc",id=RFC,encode=false}) else RFC = "" end
        if ( SSRN ~= nil and SSRN ~="") then
            SSRN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="SSRN",link="Social Science Research Network",
                prefix="http://ssrn.com/abstract=",id=SSRN}) else SSRN = "" end
        if ( ZBL ~= nil and ZBL ~="") then
            ZBL = sepc .." " .. externallinkid({label="Zbl",link="Zentralblatt MATH",
                prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=ZBL}) else ZBL = "" end
    
        if ( URL ~= nil and URL ~="") then
            URL = " " .. "[" .. URL .. " " .. nowiki(URL) .. "]";
            table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages with citations having bare URLs" );
            if config.CitationClass == "web" then
                table.insert( z.error_categories, "Pages using web citations with no title" );
                URL = URL .. " <span class='error'>No <code>title=</code> specified</span>"
            else
                URL = URL .. hiddencomment("Bare URL needs a title");
            end       
        else
            URL = ""
        end
    
        if ( Quote and Quote ~="" ) then 
            if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
                Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
            end
            
            Quote = sepc .." \"" .. Quote .. "\"" 
            PostScript = ""
        else 
            if ( PostScript == nil) then PostScript = "" end
            Quote = "" 
        end
        
        local Archived
        if ( nil ~= ArchiveURL and "" ~= ArchiveURL ) then
            if ( ArchiveDate ~= nil and ArchiveDate ~="" ) then
                ArchiveDate = " " .. ArchiveDate
            else 
                ArchiveDate = " <span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>, " ..
                    "you must also specify <code>archivedate=</code></span> "
                table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors' );
            end
            local arch_text = " archived"
            if (sepc == ".") then arch_text = " Archived" end
            if ( "no" == DeadURL ) then
                Archived = sepc .. " [" .. ArchiveURL .. arch_text .. "] from the original on" .. ArchiveDate
                if OriginalURL == nil or OriginalUrl == '' then
                    table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors' );
                    Archived = Archived .. " <span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>" ..
                        " and <code>deadurl=no</code>, then you must also specify <code>url=</code></span>";                               
                end
            else
                if OriginalURL ~= nil and OriginalURL ~= '' then
                    Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from [" .. OriginalURL .. " the original] on" .. ArchiveDate
                else
                    if config.CitationClass ~= 'web' then 
                        Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from <span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>" ..
                            ", you must also specify <code>url=</code></span> on" .. ArchiveDate
                        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors' );
                    else
                        Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from the original on" .. ArchiveDate
                    end
                end                
            end
        else
            Archived = ""
        end
        local Lay
        if ( nil ~= LaySummary and "" ~= LaySummary ) then
            if ( LayDate ~= nil ) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" else LayDate = "" end
            if ( LaySource ~= nil ) then 
                LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''" 
            else 
                LaySource = "" 
            end
            if sepc == '.' then
                Lay = sepc .. " [" .. LaySummary .. " Lay summary]" .. LaySource .. LayDate
            else
                Lay = sepc .. " [" .. LaySummary .. " lay summary]" .. LaySource .. LayDate
            end            
        else
            Lay = ""
        end
        if ( nil ~= Transcript and "" ~= Transcript ) then
            if ( TranscriptURL ~= nil ) then Transcript = "[" .. TranscriptURL .. Transcript .. "]" end
        else
            Transcript = ""
        end
        local Publisher = ""
        if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "pressrelease" ) then
            if ( PublisherName ~= nil and PublisherName ~="" ) then
                if (PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~= '') then
                    Publisher = PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName;
                else
                    Publisher = PublisherName;  
                end            
            elseif (PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~= '') then 
                Publisher= PublicationPlace;
            else 
                Publisher = "";
            end
            if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" ) then
                if Publisher ~= '' then
                    Publisher = Publisher .. ", published " .. PublicationDate;
                else
                    Publisher = PublicationDate;
                end
            end
            if Publisher ~= "" then
                Publisher = " (" .. Publisher .. ")";
            end
        else
            if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" ) then
                PublicationDate = " (published " .. PublicationDate .. ")"
            else 
                PublicationDate = ""
            end
            if ( PublisherName ~= nil and PublisherName ~="" ) then
                if (PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~= '') then
                    Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
                else
                    Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
                end            
            elseif (PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~= '') then 
                Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
            else 
                Publisher = PublicationDate;
            end
        end
        -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
        if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~="" ) then 
            if ( Title and Title ~= "" ) or ( TitleNote and TitleNote ~= "" ) then 
                Periodical = sepc .. " ''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
            else 
                Periodical = "''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
            end
        else Periodical = "" end
    
        -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
        -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
        -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
    
        local tcommon
        if ( ( (config.CitationClass == "journal") or (config.CitationClass == "citation") )  and
             Periodical ~= "" ) then
            if (Others ~= "") then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end
            tcommon = safejoin( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, 
                Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume, Issue, Position}, sepc );
        else 
            tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, 
                Volume, Issue, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Position}, sepc );
        end
        
        local idcommon = safejoin( { ARXIV, ASIN, BIBCODE, DOI, ISBN, ISSN, JFM, JSTOR, LCCN, MR, OCLC, OL, OSTI, 
            PMC, PMID, RFC, SSRN, URL, ZBL, ID, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
    
        local text
        local pgtext = Page .. Pages .. At
        if page_error then
            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using conflicting page specifications' );
            pgtext = pgtext .. hiddencomment('Bad page specification here');
        end
        
        if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
            if (Coauthors ~= "") 
              then Authors = Authors .. "; " .. Coauthors
            end
            if ( "" ~= Date )
              then Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
              else
                if ( string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc) --check end character
                  then Authors = Authors .. " "
                  else Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
                end
            end
            if ( "" ~= Editors) then
                local in_text = " in "
                if (sepc == '.') then in_text = " In " end
                if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
                    then Editors = in_text .. Editors .. " "
                    else Editors = in_text .. Editors .. sepc .. " "
                end
            end
            text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        elseif ( "" ~= Editors) then
            if ( "" ~= Date ) then
                if EditorCount <= 1 then
                    Editors = Editors .. ", ed."
                else
                    Editors = Editors .. ", eds."
                end
                Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
            else
                if EditorCount <= 1 then
                    Editors = Editors .. " (ed.)" .. sepc .. " "
                else
                    Editors = Editors .. " (eds.)" .. sepc .. " "
                end
            end
            text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        else
            if ( "" ~= Date ) then
                if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
                  then Date = sepc .." " .. Date .. OrigYear
                  else Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear
                end
            end -- endif ""~=Date
            if ( config.CitationClass=="journal" and Periodical ) then
              text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon}, sepc );
              text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
            else
              text = safejoin( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
              text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
            end
        end
        
        if PostScript ~= '' and PostScript ~= nil and PostScript ~= sepc then
            text = safejoin( {text, sepc}, sepc );  --Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
            text = text:sub(1,-2); --Remove final seperator    
        end    
        
        text = safejoin( {text, PostScript}, sepc );
    
        -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element
        if ( Year == nil ) then
            if ( DateIn ~= nil and DateIn ~= "" ) then 
                Year = selectyear( DateIn )
            elseif( PublicationDate ~= nil and PublicationDate ~= "" ) then
                Year = selectyear( PublicationDate )
            else
                Year = ""
            end
        end
        local classname = "citation"
        if ( config.CitationClass ~= "citation" )
           then classname = "citation " .. (config.CitationClass or "") end
        local args = { class=classname }
        if ( Ref ~= nil ) then 
            local id = Ref
            if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
                local names = {} --table of last names & year
                if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
                    for i,v in ipairs(a) do names[i] = v.last end
                elseif ( "" ~= Editors ) then
                    for i,v in ipairs(e) do names[i] = v.last end
                end
                if ( names[1] == nil ) then 
                    names[1] = Year 
                elseif ( names[2] == nil ) then 
                    names[2] = Year 
                elseif ( names[3] == nil ) then
                    names[3] = Year
                elseif ( names[4] == nil ) then
                    names[4] = Year
                else
                    names[5] = Year
                end
                id = anchorid(names)
            end
            args.id = id;
        end
        
        if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>.-</span>", ""):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then
            z.error_categories = { 'Pages with empty citations' };
            text = '<span class="error">Citation is empty</span>';
            z.message_tail = {};
        end
        
        text = createTag({name="span", contents=text, params=args})
    
        local empty_span = createTag( {name="span", contents="&nbsp;", params={style="display: none;"}} );
        
        -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
        local OCinS = createTag({name="span", contents=empty_span, params={class="Z3988",title=OCinStitle }}) 
        text = text .. OCinS;
        
        if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then
            text = text .. hiddencomment( table.concat( z.message_tail, "; " ) );
        end
        
        if no_tracking_cats == '' then
            for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
                text = text .. '[[Category:' .. v ..']]';
            end
        end
        
        return text
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
    function z.citation(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        
        local args = {};
        for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
            if v ~= '' then
                if not validate( k ) then
                    if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
                        -- Exclude empty numbered parameters
                        if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then
                            table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Unnamed parameter containing "' .. v .. '" ignored' );                        
                            table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters' );
                        end
                    elseif validate( k:lower() ) then 
                        table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Unknown parameter "' .. k .. '=" ignored (suggest "' .. k:lower() .. '=")' );
                        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters' );
                    else
                        table.insert( z.message_tail, 'Unknown parameter "' .. k .. '=" ignored' );
                        table.insert( z.error_categories, 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters' );
                    end                    
                end            
                args[k] = v;
            elseif k == 'postscript' then
                args[k] = v;
            end        
        end    
    
        local config = {};
        for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
            config[k] = v;
            if args[k] == nil and (v ~= '' or k == 'postscript') then
                args[k] = v;
            end        
        end    
        
        return citation0( config, args)
    end
    
    return z
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    --NOTES
    --
    -- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix
    --      of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's
    --      local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}.
    --      However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered
    --      in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate
    --      variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations.
    --
    -- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the
    --      displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep
    --      coordinated with the data in parentheses "(data)". There
    --      has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related
    --      options, to keep from putting double-dots ".." in some cases.
    --      In particular, the omission of the "title=" parameter has led
    --      to several cases of a spurious dot ". ." because the original
    --      design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter.
    --
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    --HISTORY:
    --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting " ".
    --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end " " of Authors/Date/...
    --19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos).
    --19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot ".." in Title by omitting at end of "tcommon=...".
    --19Oct2012 For pages, put &nbsp in "p.&nbsp;" etc.
    --19Oct2012 Enhanced "pages=" to detect lone page as "p." else "pp." prefix.
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to show "." after Periodical name (work, newspaper...).
    --19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces "[...  Archived] from the original".
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to show ";" between authors & coauthors.
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra "." after coauthors.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as "ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004"
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as "&" but use lead "&rft...=" form.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's "rfr_id=..." pagename.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when "web" to default to rft.genre "book".
    --05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter
    --15Feb2013 Added Agency for "agency=xx".
    --19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation.
    --19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form.
    --19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style.
    --19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency.
    --19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date.
    --19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again.
    --20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot "." if already ends with dot.
    --20Feb2013 If class "journal" shows Publisher after Periodical/Series.
    --20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume.
    --20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + <span class="reference-accessdate">
    --20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no.
    --20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters.
    --20Feb2013 Put "OCLC" for "Online Computer Library Center".
    --20Feb2013 Fix empty "authorlink=" as person.link ~= "".
    --20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep & AuthorNameSep.
    --21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter).
    --21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled "EdithorSep").
    --21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
    --21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.).
    --21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass "citation".
    --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "issn=x" as the ISSN code.
    --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "id=x" after Zbl code.
    --21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot.
    --21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass "citation": Volume, Issue, Publisher.
    --21Feb2013 Put warning "Bad DOI (expected "10."..)" in DOI result.
    --21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when > 4 long.
    --21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase "asin-tld".
    --22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date.
    --22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass "citation".
    --22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "citation" as span class="citation".
    --22Feb2013 Capitalized "Archived/Retrieved" only when sepc is dot ".".
    --23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for "in" or "In" and put space after sepc.
    --23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in "et al." when sepc is "." separator.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed "author1-first" to also get args.given or args.given1.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as "contribution=mytitle").
    --23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of Editors list
    --26Feb2013 Moved "issue=" data to show before "page=".
    --26Feb2013 Moved "type=" data to show after "format=".
    --26Feb2013 For "pmc=" link, omitted suffix "/?tool=pmcentrez".
    --27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors.
    --27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year.
    --27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of authors/coauthors list.
    --27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as ", ed." when date exists.
    --27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of "others=" data.
    --27Feb2013 Removed parentheses "( )" around "department" TitleNote.
    --05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as "pp." or "p.".
    --07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit "( )" around publisher.
    --07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was "-1,1".
    --13Mar2013 Removed enddot "." after "quote=" parameter.
    --13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass "news" to use "p." page format.
    --13Mar2013 Fixed missing "location=" when "web" or "encyclopaedia".
    --14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title.
    --14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before "p." or "pp." page number.
    --14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "book" to use p./pp. page.
    --18Mar2013 Fixed "page=" to override "pages=" as in markup-based cites.
    --19Mar2013 Fixed date of class=journal Periodical to show after page.
    --19Mar2013 Changed null "postscript=" to suppress end-dot of citation.
    --20Mar2013 If CitationClass is journal, show "others=" before title.
    --20Mar2013 If CitationClass is book, show "others=" before edition.
    --20Mar2013 If CitationClass is journal, adjust "others=" to have sepc.
    --20Mar2013 For class "journal", use book format unless Periodical set.
    --03Apr2013 Changed safejoin() to omit "." after wikilink ".]]" end dot.
    --03Apr2013 Changed safejoin() to omit "." after external ".]" end dot.
    --03Apr2013 Changed safejoin() to omit "." at italic wikilink ".]]" end.
    --03Apr2013 Changed safejoin() to omit "." at italic external ".]" end.
    --04Apr2013 Moved sepc before <span class="reference-accessdate"> for "..".
    --
    --End