性别酷儿

性别酷儿（Genderqueer），也叫做GenderQueer或gender queer，是一个伞式术语，既指代非常规的性别认同也指代非常规的性别表达。这个标签也可能会由希望认同自己坚持的酷儿性或非常规性别，但不具体表达其性别内涵的个体所使用。

Genderqueer/zh-cn

Meaning Lavender: mixture of pink (female) and blue (male); White: gender neutral or agender; Dark green: inverse of lavander, meaning the third gender
Related identities	Nonbinary
Under the umbrella term	Transgender
Frequency	28.9%
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« There's a real pressure on nonbinary folks to present a front of absolute security and certainty about their identities. You have to project confidence at all times, so no one ever has the space to question your gender. And I think that's too bad, really, because we run the risk of putting more importance on certainty than we do on exploration. The only times we can be vulnerable is with other queer people, who understand that gender is a journey and a process. » — Anonymous, 26岁 (性别酷儿)

作为一个伞式术语，性别酷儿和非二元性别涵盖的范围类似，很多认同为非二元的个体也会认为自己是性别酷儿。不过，两个术语有不同的历史范围和含义。“性别酷儿”这个词要比“非二元”的应用早至少十年。

历史

Genderqueer was coined in the 1990s as 'Gender Queer,' and was for a time written as 'GenderQueer' before becoming a single word. The original meaning was literally queer gender, including anyone who felt the way they experienced or expressed gender was queer. The term carries the non-normative and anti-assimilationist connotations of the Queer Movement and applies these to gender rather than sexuality.

A 1990 book titled "The Welcoming Congregation Handbook" defined "Gender Queer" as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system".

Another early usage of the term was by Riki Anne Wilchins in the Spring 1995 newsletter of Transexual Menace:

«

...this is not just one more civil rights struggle for one more narrowly-defined minority. It's about all of us who are genderqueer: diesel dykes and stone butches, leatherqueens and radical fairies, nelly fags, crossdressers, intersexed, transsexuals, transvestites, transgendered, transgressively gendered, and those of us whose gender expressions are so complex they haven’t even been named yet.

»

Riki Wilchins' essay from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer describes how the original 'Gender Queers' adopted the label because the intended-to-be-inclusive umbrella term transgender had begun to be most strongly associated with transsexual, gender binary identified and medically transitioning people, pushing out those who did not fit this dominant transgender narrative.

By 1999/2000, online communities such as the Sphere mailing list were using the term genderqueer as an umbrella to unite a number of nonbinary gender identities and identifications that are now thought of as under the nonbinary umbrella. Over the next decade, genderqueer developed as a standalone identity with particular (sub)cultural expectations and connotations, while the tendency to identify particular experiences under its umbrella seemed to diminish. However both uses are still visible in different online and in person communities.

性别酷儿和非二元性别的区别

Genderqueer means non-normative or queer gender while nonbinary means gender that falls outside the gender binary model. Both of these terms are extremely similar in scope, however in practice their connotations are significantly different.

Genderqueer comes with the anti-assimilationist political connotations of queer, which is a reclaimed slur word with strong associations with a countercultural sexuality movement that sets itself apart from the mainstream LGBT community. (Note that the word "queer" is still actively used as a pejorative and hate speech in many regions.) As such genderqueer implies a similar counterculture, setting itself apart from mainstream transgender discourse. Most genderqueer people also consider themselves to be queer and there is a strong trend of rejecting the gender binary and normative gender roles with in the Queer Movement as a whole.

By contrast, nonbinary is more politically neutral in its connotations. Nonbinary was coined as a descriptive term, originally simply 'nonbinary gender', used to describe the range of experiences that fall outside of the binary gender model. There is no countercultural anti-transgender discourse connotation, nor is there a connotation of association with the wider Queer Movement. Nonbinary is intended to simply cover the widest range of identities and experiences without intending to describe their political or cultural philosophies and affiliations.

观察到的使用这两种不同身份的人群间的区别

While genderqueer and nonbinary are theoretically extremely similar in their scope as umbrella terms, in practice genderqueer slants more towards those who identify as queering gender while nonbinary tends to attract those who hold specific trans* or transgender identities that fall outside of the gender binary.

Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to hold binary gender identities (eg, 'Genderqueer Woman') while considering their gender expression or gender performance to be queer or non-normative, while nonbinary-identified people are more likely to consider their gender identity (or lack of gender identity) to fall outside of the binary.^{[citation needed]} Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to consider themselves to be queer or a member of the queer community.

Nonbinary-identified people generally seem more comfortable with considering themselves transgender and more likely to use the language of gender dysphoria. The adoption of the term 'nonbinary' by parts of the genderqueer community may reflect a trend of adopting the language of the transgender rights movement in order to make use of and expand on the legal protections now afforded to transgender people in some localities. Nonbinary-identified people may be more likely to be seeking access to transgender medical care or legal recognition (aka transition).

Some nonbinary people reject the term genderqueer as an umbrella term because they are offended to be associated with queer sexuality, or still see queer as an offensive word.

Despite these trends and connotations, both terms are used by some members of each group and so may be considered as wide inclusive umbrella terms. Some genderqueer-identified people have sought 'transition', some nonbinary-identified people hold binary gender identities and consider themselves to be nonbinary by gender expression, and it is currently common for nonbinary-identified individuals to also identify as genderqueer (especially as this term predates nonbinary by at least a decade).^{[citation needed]}

性别酷儿是跨性别吗？

There is controversy within the genderqueer community over whether genderqueer people fall under the transgender umbrella. Despite the work of Leslie Feinberg in the 1990s to coin transgender as a wide and inclusive umbrella term covering all forms of transgressive gender, the term genderqueer developed out of a frustration with the association between transgender and transsexualism, gender dysphoria and the dominant transgender narrative.^{[citation needed]}

It is common for genderqueer-identified people to consider trans and transgender to be synonymous with transition and so to claim genderqueer as a non-transgender identity. This is especially true with people who are genderqueer by gender expression only, but also applies to some genderqueer people who are comfortable with their body and see transgender as synonymous with bodily gender dysphoria.^{[citation needed]} As such, it is important when talking about genderqueer and nonbinary people to recognise that not all people who hold these identities consider themselves to fall under the transgender umbrella.

知名人士

JD Samson

Some notable people who specifically describe themselves with the label "genderqueer" include:

• musician JD Samson
• model Rain Dove
• drag performer Violet Chachki
• internet personality Jeffrey Marsh

For more, see this wiki's genderqueer people category.

Genderqueer characters in fiction

There are many more characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word genderqueer, either in their canon, or by their creators.

• In Rhiannon Collett's play Wasp, the protagonist Wasp is genderqueer.
• In Ann Roberts' young adult book In The Silences, the protagonist Kaz describes themself as nonbinary and genderqueer.
• Creators of the webcomic Mahou Shonen FIGHT! have "confirmed that Raji and Raji's fiancé both identify as gender queer and non-conforming".
• Whirlwind, by Reese Morrison, is a collection of interconnected short romance/sex stories. One of the main characters, Carla, describes himself as genderqueer and masculine-of-center.

另请参阅

• 非二元性别
• 性别非常规
• 性别变体
• 性别酷儿旗帜
• 间性别
• 雌雄同体

外部链接

• Wikipedia's Genderqueer article
• Genderqueer Identities
• Genderqueer Identities: The Non-binary vs Genderqueer Quandary
• Riki Wilchin's essay on the origins of Genderqueer from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer
• A Gender by Any Other Name: What Does the Term Genderqueer Mean to Us in 2021?

Further reading

• Nestle, Joan, Clare Howell, and Riki A. Wilchins. GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002. Print.
• Sycamore, Mattilda B. Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 2006. Print.