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Gender neutral language in German: Difference between revisions
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{{see also|Glossary of German gender and sex terminology}} | |||
{{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | {{see also|Pronouns#German neutral pronouns|German neutral pronouns}} | ||
{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | {{Template:Gender neutral language}} | ||
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<u>Shortened/-ir/-on</u> | <u>Shortened/-ir/-on</u> | ||
* Begleitir | * Begleitir | ||
* Cousir/Cousinir/ | * Chirurgir | ||
* Cousir/Cousinir | |||
* Doktir/Doktoron | |||
* Freundir | * Freundir | ||
* Gattir (Gattin/Gatte) | * Gattir (Gattin/Gatte) | ||
* Heiratir | * Heiratir | ||
* Könir | * Könir | ||
* Lehrir/Lehreron | |||
* Partnir | * Partnir | ||
* Professir/Professoron | |||
* Schägir/Schwageron | * Schägir/Schwageron | ||
* Trauzeugir | * Trauzeugir | ||
* Verlobtir | * Verlobtir | ||
* Witwir | * Witwir | ||
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* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden. | * Ich will Fotografierflausch werden. | ||
* | |||
'''"-person" and "-mensch"''' | |||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!Examples | !Examples | ||
|'''Dey''' wohnt in '''deren''' eigener Wohnung. Hast du '''demm''' neulich gesehen? Wie geht es '''denen'''? | |<small>'''Dey''' wohnt in '''deren''' eigener Wohnung. Hast du '''demm''' neulich gesehen? Wie geht es '''denen'''?</small> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Ich kenne '''sien''' nicht. Ist '''sier''' hier eingezogen?Ich habe noch nie mit '''siem''' gesprochen.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich kenne '''sien''' nicht. Ist '''sier''' hier eingezogen?Ich habe noch nie mit '''siem''' gesprochen.</small></span> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Mit '''diem''' will ich nichts zu tun haben. '''Dier''' hört mir nie zu!</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Mit '''diem''' will ich nichts zu tun haben. '''Dier''' hört mir nie zu!</small></span> | ||
|Suchst du '''xien'''?'''Xier''' ist im Urlaub. | |<small>Suchst du '''xien'''?'''Xier''' ist im Urlaub.</small> | ||
|Same as for "sier". | |<small>Same as for "sier". </small> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">Ich rufe '''sin''' später zurück an, wenn ich mit '''sim''' auch entspannt reden kann.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich rufe '''sin''' später zurück an, wenn ich mit '''sim''' auch entspannt reden kann.</small></span> | ||
|'''Hen''' lächelt wie du. Bist du mit '''hem''' verwandt? | |<small>'''Hen''' lächelt wie du. Bist du mit '''hem''' verwandt?</small> | ||
|'''Dai''' Tankel, '''dai''' neu hier ist, fragt '''dai''' Ompa, '''dam''' ich mal ein Bild geschenkt habe, wie es hem geht. | |<small>'''Dai''' Tankel, '''dai''' neu hier ist, fragt '''dai''' Ompa, '''dam''' ich mal ein Bild geschenkt habe, wie es hem geht.</small> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">'''Hen''' wohnt mit '''hem''' in einem Reihenhaus.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Hen''' wohnt mit '''hem''' in einem Reihenhaus.</small></span> | ||
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">'''Dio''' Hansi, '''dereno''' Geschwister ich noch nie getroffen habe, findet '''dio''' Kayan beim Versteckenspielen nie.</span> | |<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Dio''' Hansi, '''dereno''' Geschwister ich noch nie getroffen habe, findet '''dio''' Kayan beim Versteckenspielen nie.</small></span> | ||
|'''Em''' schmeckt mein Essen nie. Ich will '''en''' nicht mehr einladen. | |<small>'''Em''' schmeckt mein Essen nie. Ich will '''en''' nicht mehr einladen.</small> | ||
|'''De''' Studente, mit '''derm''' ich gestern gesprochen habe, gefällt mir. | |<small>'''De''' Studente, mit '''derm''' ich gestern gesprochen habe, gefällt mir.</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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=== Article pronouns, possessive pronouns === | === Article pronouns, possessive pronouns === | ||
Unlike possessive adjectives ('dein Eis', 'ihr Bleistift', 'unser Löffel'), possessive pronouns ('deins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or | Unlike possessive adjectives ('dein Eis', 'ihr Bleistift', 'unser Löffel'), possessive pronouns ('deins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or hierarchically tied to one. Thus, they act as an autonomous, unbreakable syntactic unit. | ||
Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns too, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). In the De-e-system, however, the declension of the demonstrative personal pronoun is different from the other article pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V (2023): ''Demonstrativ-/Relativpronomen''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/deklinationstabellen/ (retrieved 28.03.2024).</ref> | Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns too, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). In the De-e-system, however, the declension of the demonstrative personal pronoun is different from the other article pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V (2023): ''Demonstrativ-/Relativpronomen''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/deklinationstabellen/ (retrieved 28.03.2024).</ref> | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=== ''' | === '''Indefinite pronoun''' === | ||
In German, there is the indefinite pronoun "man". This is used in everyday language regardless of gender. But the fact that it sounds exactly like the word "Mann" makes some people uncomfortable. A few decades ago, feminist language critics suggested using alternatives such as "frau" or "mensch". However, the word "frau" only evokes one gender, so it has no real advantage over "man". | |||
From a linguistic history perspective, "man" is an Old High German noun that had the gender-neutral meaning of the word "human" and only later took on the meaning "man" as a noun. | |||
The form "man" is only used in the nominative. In the dative and accusative, the forms "einem" and "einen" are used as indefinite pronouns; there is no genitive form of the indefinite pronoun in German. | |||
"Mensch" and "eins" are suggested alternatives to the subject form of “man”. "einem"/"einen" would stay the same. | |||
=== Titles === | === Titles === | ||
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* Großes - standard | * Großes - standard | ||
* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard | * Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard | ||
* Spross/nachkomme, means sprogeny/offspring/descendant | |||
'''Aunt/Uncle''' | '''Aunt/Uncle''' | ||
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* Batter | * Batter | ||
* Cousibling | * Cousibling | ||
* Cousir/Cousinir | * Cousir/Cousinir | ||
* Seitschwister | * Seitschwister | ||
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* Mittbewohnir - nonstandard neutral alternative to mittbewhonerin/mittbewohner | * Mittbewohnir - nonstandard neutral alternative to mittbewhonerin/mittbewohner | ||
* Lehrir/Lehreron | * Lehrir/Lehreron | ||
* Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince | * Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince. Can also be described as "königlicher Nachkomme" (royal descendant), "königlicher Erbe" (royal heir) or "königliche Partner/Partnir/Gema (durch Heirat)" (royal partner/consort, through marriage) | ||
* Professir/Professoron - nonstandard alternatives for professor | * Professir/Professoron - nonstandard alternatives for professor | ||
* Schülir/Schüleron - nonstandard alternatives for school-student | * Schülir/Schüleron - nonstandard alternatives for school-student | ||
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* Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince | * Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince | ||
* Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king | * Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king | ||
* Reich - neutral | * Reich/Könirreich - neutral alternatives to kingdom (königreich) | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||