Module:Citation/CS1

    From Nonbinary Wiki
    Revision as of 00:10, 17 March 2013 by m>Dragons flight (don't need encoding)

    Documentation for this module may be created at Module:Citation/CS1/doc

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    -- Module:Citation/CS1 - Lua module for Citation Style 1 templates
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    --                               (see NOTES at bottom)
    --require "mw.text"
    
    local z = {
        wikitext = require("Module:Wikitext"),
        mw = require("Module:Mw")
    }
    
    function hideinprint(content)
        return content
    end
    
    function onlyinprint(content)
        return ""
    end
    
    function nowiki(frame, content)
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="nowiki",contents=content,params={}}, frame)
    end
    
    function externallinkid(frame, args)
        local sep = args.separator or " "
        args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
        local url_string = args.id
        if args.encode == true or args.encode == nil then
            url_string = z.mw.url.encode( url_string );
        end
        
        local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id)
        local t1 = hideinprint("[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[" .. args.prefix .. url_string .. args.suffix .. " " .. nowiki(frame, args.id) .. "]")
        
        return t0 .. t1
    end
    
    function internallinkid(frame, args)
        local sep = args.separator or " "
        args.suffix = args.suffix or ""
        local t0 = onlyinprint(args.label .. sep .. args.id)
        local t1 = hideinprint("[[" .. args.link .. "|" .. args.label .. "]]" .. sep .. "[[" .. args.prefix .. args.id .. args.suffix .. "|" .. nowiki(frame, args.id) .. "]]")
        return t0 .. t1
    end
    
    function amazon(frame, id, domain)
        if ( nil == domain ) then 
            domain = "com"
        elseif ( "jp" == domain or "uk" == domain ) then
            domain = "co." .. domain
        end
        return externallinkid(frame, {link="Amazon Standard Identification Number",label="ASIN",prefix="//www.amazon."..domain.."/dp/",id=id,encode=false})
    end
    
    function doi(frame, id, inactive, nocat)
        local cat = ""
        local text;
        if ( inactive ~= nil ) then 
            text = "[[Digital object identifier|doi]]:" .. id;
            cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOIs inactive since " .. selectyear(inactive) .. "]]"
            inactive = " (inactive " .. inactive .. ")" 
        else 
            text = externallinkid(frame, {link="Digital object identifier",label="doi",prefix="http://dx.doi.org/",id=id,separator=":"})
            inactive = "" 
        end
        if ( string.sub(id,1,3) ~= "10." ) then
            cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with DOI errors]]" .. '<span class="error"> Bad DOI (expected "10." prefix) in code number</span>'
        end
        if ( nocat and nocat ~= "" ) then cat = "" end
        return text .. inactive .. cat    
     end
    
    function url(frame, id)
        local t0 = onlyinprint(id)
        local t1 = hideinprint("[" .. id .. " " .. nowiki(frame, id) .. "]")
        return t0 .. t1
    end
    
    function safeforurl( str )
        return str:gsub('%[','&#91;'):gsub('%]','&#93;'):gsub("\n", " ");
    end
    
    function hyphentodash( str )
        return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
    end
    
    function safeforitalics( str )
        if str == nil or str == '' then
            return str;
        else
            if str:sub(1,1) == "'" then str = "<span />" .. str; end
            if str:sub(-1,-1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span />"; end
            return str;
        end
    end
    
    function safejoin( tbl, duplicate_char )
        --[[
        Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
        
        This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
        long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
        in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
        ]]
        
        local str = '';
        local comp = '';
        local end_chr = '';
        for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
            if value == nil then value = ''; end
            
            if str == '' then
                str = value;
            elseif value ~= '' then
                if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then
                    -- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
                    comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );
                else
                    comp = value;
                end
                
                if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then
                    end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);
                    if end_chr == duplicate_char then
                        str = str:sub(1,-2) .. value;
                    elseif end_chr == "'" then
                        if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then                  
                            str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "''" .. value;
                        else
                            str = str .. value;
                        end
                    elseif end_chr == " " then
                        if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then
                            str = str:sub(1,-3) .. value;
                        else
                            str = str .. value;
                        end                        
                    else
                        str = str .. value;
                    end
                else
                    str = str .. value;
                end
            end
        end
        return str;
    end  
    
    function selectyear( str )
        local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
        local good, result;
        good, result = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, 'Y', str )
        if good then 
            return result;
        else
            return '';
        end
    end
    
    function openlibrary(frame, id)
        local cat = ""
        local prefix = ""
        local code = id:sub(-1,-1)
        if ( code == "A" ) then
            prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/authors/OL"
        elseif ( code == "M" ) then
            prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/books/OL"
        elseif ( code == "W" ) then
            prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/works/OL"
        else
            prefix = "http://openlibrary.org/OL"
            cat = cat .. "[[Category:Pages with OL errors]]"
        end
        local text = externallinkid(frame, {link="Open Library",label="OL",prefix=prefix,id=id})
        return text .. cat
    end
    
    function reducetoinitials(first)
        local initials = {}
        for word in string.gmatch(first, "%S+") do
            table.insert(initials, string.sub(word,1,1)) -- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
        end
        return table.concat(initials) -- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
    end
    
    function listpeople(control, people)
        local sep = control.sep;
        if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
        local namesep = control.namesep
        local format = control.format
        local maximum = control.maximum
        local text = {}
        local etal = false;
        for i,person in ipairs(people) do
            if (person.last ~= nil or person.last ~= "") then
                local mask = person.mask
                local one
                if ( maximum ~= nil and i == maximum + 1 ) then
                    etal = true;
                    break;
                elseif (mask ~= nil) then
                    local n = tonumber(mask)
                    if (n ~= nil) then
                        one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
                    else
                        one = mask
                    end
                else
                    one = person.last
                    local first = person.first
                    if (first ~= nil) then 
                        if ( "vanc" == format ) then first = reducetoinitials(first) end
                        one = one .. namesep .. first 
                    end
                    if (person.link ~= nil and person.link ~= "") then one = "[[" .. person.link .. "|" .. one .. "]]" end
                end
                table.insert(text, one)
            end
        end
        local count = #text;
        local result = table.concat(text, sep) -- construct list
        if etal then 
            local etal_text = "et al."
            if (sepc == ".") then etal_text = "et al" end
            result = result .. " " .. etal_text;
        end
        
        if ( "scap" == format ) then result= z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=result, params={class="smallcaps", style="font-variant:small-caps;"}}) end -- if necessary wrap result in <span> tag to format in Small Caps
        return result, count
    end
    
    function anchorid(args)
        local P1 = args[1] or ""
        local P2 = args[2] or ""
        local P3 = args[3] or ""
        local P4 = args[4] or ""
        local P5 = args[5] or ""
        return "CITEREF" .. P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4 .. P5
    end
    
    function refid(args)
        local p = args.p or ""
        local pp = args.pp or ""
        local loc = args.loc or ""
        return anchorid(args) .. p .. pp .. loc    
    end
    
    function name(args)
        local P1 = args[1] or ""
        if ( args[5] ~= nil) then
            return P1 .. " et al."
        else
            local P2 = args[2] or ""
            local P3 = args[3] or "" 
            local P4 = args[4] or ""
            if ( args[4] ~= nil ) then
                P4 = " " .. P4
                P3 = ", & " .. P3
                P2 = ", " .. P2
            elseif ( args[3] ~= nil ) then
                P3 = " " .. P3
                P2 = " & " .. P2
            elseif ( args[2] ~= nil ) then
                P2 = " " .. P2            
            end
            return P1 .. P2 .. P3 .. P4
        end 
    end
    
    function crossref(frame, args)
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local LB = config.BracketLeft or ""
        local RB = config.BracketRight or ""
        local anchor = args.ref or args.Ref or anchorid(args)
        local text = name(args)
        local loc = args.loc
        local page
        local pages = args.pp or args.pages
        if pages == nil or pages == '' then
            page = args.p or args.page;
        end 
        if nil == loc then loc = "" else loc = " " .. loc end
        if ( page ~= nil ) then
            local pagesep = config.PageSep or ", p. "
            loc = loc .. pagesep .. page
        end
        if ( pages ~= nil ) then
            local pagessep = config.PagesSep or ", pp. "
            loc = loc .. pagessep .. pages
        end        
        local pagename = args.pagename or ""
        local ps = args.Postscript or ""
        return LB .. "[[" .. pagename .. "#" .. anchor .. "|" .. text .. "]]" .. loc .. RB .. ps
    end
    
    function extractauthor(args, i)
        local last = args["author" .. i .. "-last"] or args["author-last" .. i] or args["last" .. i] or args["surname" .. i] or args["Author" .. i] or args["author" .. i]
        if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
            return {
                last = last,
                first = args["author" .. i .. "-first"] or args["author-first" .. i] or args["first" .. i] or args["given" .. i],
                link = args["author" .. i .. "-link"] or args["author-link" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "link"] or args["authorlink" .. i],
                mask = args["author" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["author-mask" .. i] or args["author" .. i .. "mask"] or args["authormask" .. i]
            }
        else
            return nil
        end
    end
    
    function extracteditor(args, i)
        local last = args["editor" .. i .. "-last"] or args["editor-last" .. i] or args["EditorSurname" .. i] or args["Editor" .. i] or args["editor" .. i]
        if ( last and "" < last ) then -- just in case someone passed in an empty parameter
            return {
                last = last,
                first = args["editor" .. i .. "-first"] or args["editor-first" .. i] or args["EditorGiven" .. i],
                link = args["editor" .. i .. "-link"] or args["editor-link" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "link"] or args["editorlink" .. i],
                mask = args["editor" .. i .. "-mask"] or args["editor-mask" .. i] or args["editor" .. i .. "mask"] or args["editormask" .. i]
            }
        else
            return nil
        end
    end
    
    function citation0(frame, args)
        local config = {};
        for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
            config[k] = v;
        end
    
        --------------------------------------------------- Get parameters    
        local PPrefix = config.PPrefix or "p.&nbsp;"
        local PPPrefix = config.PPPrefix or "pp.&nbsp;"
        if ( nil ~= args.nopp ) then PPPrefix = "" PPrefix = "" end
        
        -- Transfer unnumbered arguments to numbered arguments if necessary.
        args["author1"] = args.author1 or args.author or args.authors
        args["author1-last"] = args["author1-last"] or args["author-last"] or args["last"]
        args["author1-first"] = args["author1-first"] or args["author-first"]
          or args.first or args.first1 or args.given or args.given1
        args["author1-link"] = args["author1-link"] or args["author-link"]
        args["author1-mask"] = args["author1-mask"] or args["author-mask"]
        args["author1link"] = args["author1link"] or args["authorlink"]    
        args["editor1"] = args["editor1"] or args["editor"]
        args["editor1-last"] = args["editor1-last"] or args["editor-last"]
        args["editor1-first"] = args["editor1-first"] or args["editor-first"]
        args["editor1-link"] = args["editor1-link"] or args["editor-link"]
        args["editor1-mask"] = args["editor1-mask"] or args["editor-mask"]
        args["editor1link"] = args["editor1link"] or args["editorlink"]    
    
        -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates define different field names for the same underlying things.    
        local Authors = args.authors
        local i 
        local a = {}
        i = 1
        while true do
            a[i] = extractauthor(args, i)
            if ( nil == a[i]) then break end
            i = i + 1
        end
        local Coauthors = args.coauthors or args.coauthor 
        local Others = args.others 
        local EditorMask = args.editormask or args["editor-mask"]
        local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
        local Editors = args.editors
        local e = {} 
        i = 1
        while true do
            e[i] = extracteditor(args, i)
            if ( nil == e[i]) then break end
            i = i + 1
        end
        local Year = args.year 
        local PublicationDate = args.publicationdate or args["publication-date"]
        local OrigYear = args.origyear
        local Date = args.date
        local LayDate = args.laydate
        ------------------------------------------------- Get title data
        local Title = args.title or args.encyclopaedia or args.encyclopedia or args.dictionary
        local BookTitle = args.booktitle
        local Conference = args.conference
        local TransTitle = args.trans_title
        local TitleNote = args.department
        local TitleLink = args.titlelink or args.episodelink
        local Chapter = args.chapter or args.contribution or args.entry
        local ChapterLink = args.chapterlink
        local TransChapter = args["trans-chapter"] or args.trans_chapter
        local TitleType = args.type
        local ArchiveURL = args["archive-url"] or args.archiveurl
        local URL = args.url
        local ChapterURL = args["chapter-url"] or args.chapterurl
        local ConferenceURL = args["conference-url"] or args.conferenceurl
        local Periodical = args.journal or args.newspaper or args.magazine or args.work or args.periodical or args.encyclopedia or args.encyclopaedia
        if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
            if ( args.article and args.article ~= "") then
                if ( Title and Title ~= "") then Periodical = Title end
                Chapter = args.article
                TransChapter = TransTitle
                Title = ""            
            elseif ( Chapter == nil or Chapter == '' ) then
                if Title ~= args.encyclopedia then 
                    Chapter = Title
                    TransChapter = TransTitle
                    Title = ""            
                end            
            end
            if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "") then
                if Periodical == Title or Periodical == Chapter then Periodical = '' end
            end
        end
        local Series = args.series or args.version
        local Volume = args.volume
        local Issue = args.issue or args.number
        local Position = nil
        local Page
        local Pages = args.pages
        if Pages == nil or Pages == '' then
            Page = args.page  -- allows Pages to override Page
        else
            Pages = hyphentodash( Pages );
        end
    
        local PP = args.pp
        local At = args.at
        local Edition = args.edition
        local PublicationPlace = args["publication-place"] or args.publicationplace or args.place or args.location
        local Location = PublicationPlace
        local PublisherName = args.publisher
        local SubscriptionRequired = args.subscription
        local Via = args.via
        local AccessDate = args["access-date"] or args.accessdate
        local ArchiveDate = args["archive-date"] or args.archivedate
        local Agency = args.agency
        local DeadURL = args.deadurl
        local Language = args.language or args["in"]
        local Format = args.format
        local Ref = args.ref or args.Ref
        local ARXIV = args.arxiv or args.ARXIV
        local ASIN = args.asin or args.ASIN 
        local ASINTLD = args["ASIN-TLD"] or args["asin-tld"]
        local BIBCODE = args.bibcode or args.BIBCODE
        local DOI = args.doi or args.DOI
        local DoiBroken = args.doi_inactivedate or args.doi_brokendate or args.DoiBroken
        local ID = args.id or args.ID
        local ISBN = args.isbn13 or args.isbn or args.ISBN
        local ISSN = args.issn or args.ISSN
        local JFM = args.jfm or args.JFM
        local JSTOR = args.jstor or args.JSTOR
        local LCCN = args.lccn or args.LCCN
        local MR = args.mr or args.MR
        local OCLC = args.oclc or args.OCLC
        local OL = args.ol or args.OL
        local OSTI = args.osti or args.OSTI
        local PMC = args.pmc or args.PMC
        local PMID = args.pmid or args.PMID
        local RFC = args.rfc or args.RFC
        local SSRN = args.ssrn or args.SSRN
        local ZBL = args.zbl or args.ZBL
        local Quote = args.quote or args.quotation
        local PostScript = args.postscript
        local LaySummary = args.laysummary
        local LaySource = args.laysource
        local Transcript = args.transcript
        local TranscriptURL = args["transcript-url"] or args.transcripturl
        local sepc = args.separator
    
        if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
            if (URL == nil or URL == "") then
              if (PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="")
                then URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC" .. PMC
                else URL=""
              end
            end
        elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) then
            sepc = ","
            if ( Ref == nil ) then Ref = "harv" end
        end
        if ( sepc == nil ) then sepc = "." end 
        if ( DeadURL == nil ) then DeadURL = "yes" end
    
        -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
        
        -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
        if ( BookTitle ) then
            Chapter = Title
            ChapterLink = TitleLink
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = BookTitle
            TitleLink = nil
            TransTitle = nil
        end
        -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite episode}}, before generation of COinS data.
        if config.CitationClass == "episode" then
            local AirDate = args.airdate
            local SeriesLink = args.serieslink
            local Season = args.season
            local SeriesNumber = args.seriesnumber or args.seriesno
            local Network = args.network
            local Station = args.station
            local s = {}
            if Issue ~= nil then table.insert(s, "episode " .. Issue) Issue = nil end
            if Season ~= nil then table.insert(s, "season " .. Season) end
            if SeriesNumber ~= nil then table.insert(s, "series " .. SeriesNumber) end
            local n = {}
            if Network ~= nil then table.insert(n, Network) end
            if Station ~= nil then table.insert(n, Station) end
            Date = Date or AirDate
            Chapter = Title
            ChapterLink = TitleLink
            TransChapter = TransTitle
            Title = Series
            TitleLink = SeriesLink
            TransTitle = nil
            local Sep = args["series-separator"] or args["separator"] or ". "
            Series = table.concat(s, Sep)
            ID = table.concat(n, Sep)
        end
        
        -- These data form a COinS tag (see <http://ocoins.info/>) which allows automated tools to parse the citation information.
        local OCinSdata = {} -- COinS metadata excluding id, bibcode, doi, etc.
        local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004" 
        OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
        if ( nil ~= Periodical ) then
            OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "article"
            OCinSdata["rft.jtitle"] = Periodical
            if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
        end
        if ( nil ~= Chapter and "" ~= Chapter) then
            OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"
            OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Chapter
            if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.atitle"] = Title end
        else
            OCinSdata["rft.genre"] = "book"
    	    if ( nil ~= Title ) then OCinSdata["rft.btitle"] = Title end
        end
        OCinSdata["rft.place"] = PublicationPlace
        OCinSdata["rft.date"] = Date or Year or PublicationDate
        OCinSdata["rft.series"] = Series
        OCinSdata["rft.volume"] = Volume
        OCinSdata["rft.issue"] = Issue
        OCinSdata["rft.pages"] = Page or Pages or At
        OCinSdata["rft.edition"] = Edition
        OCinSdata["rft.pub"] = PublisherName
        OCinSdata["rft.isbn"] = ISBN
        OCinSdata["rft.issn"] = ISSN
        OCinSdata["rft.jfm"] = JFM
        OCinSdata["rft.jstor"] = JSTOR
        OCinSdata["rft.lccn"] = LCCN
        OCinSdata["rft.mr"] = MR
        OCinSdata.rft_id = URL or ChapterURL
        if ( nil ~= a[1] and nil ~= a[1].last) then
        local last = a[1].last
    	local first = a[1].first
    	OCinSdata["rft.aulast"] = last
            if ( nil ~= first ) then 
    	    OCinSdata["rft.aufirst"] = first
    	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last .. (args.NameSep or ", ") .. first
    	else
    	    OCinSdata["rft.au"] = last
            end
        end
        local OCinSids = {} -- COinS data only for id, bibcode, doi, pmid, etc.
        OCinSids["info:arxiv"] = ARXIV
        OCinSids["info:asin"] = ASIN
        OCinSids["info:bibcode"] = BIBCODE
        OCinSids["info:doi"] = DOI
        OCinSids["info:oclcnum"] = OCLC
        OCinSids["info:olnum"] = OL
        OCinSids["info:osti"] = OSTI
        OCinSids["info:pmc"] = PMC
        OCinSids["info:pmid"] = PMID
        OCinSids["info:rfc"] = RFC
        OCinSids["info:ssrn"] = SSRN
        OCinSids["info:zbl"] = ZBL
        local OCinStitle = "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver  -- such as "Z39.88-2004"
        for name,value in pairs(OCinSids) do
            OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rft_id=" .. z.mw.url.encode(name .. "/" .. value)
        end
        for name,value in pairs(OCinSdata) do
            OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&" .. name .. "=" .. z.mw.url.encode(value)
        end
        OCinStitle = OCinStitle .. "&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:"
           .. config.fullpagename  -- end COinS data by page's non-encoded pagename
    
        -- Now perform various field substitutions.
        -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
        if ( Authors == nil ) then 
            local AuthorNameSep = args["author-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or "&#44;"
            AuthorNameSep = AuthorNameSep .. " "
            local AuthorSep = args["author-separator"] or args["separator"] or "&#59;"
            AuthorSep = AuthorSep .. " "
            local AuthorFormat = args["author-format"] or args.authorformat
            local AuthorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-authors"] or args.displayauthors) or 8
            local control = { sep = AuthorSep, namesep = AuthorNameSep, format = AuthorFormat, maximum = AuthorMaximum }
            Authors = listpeople(control, a) 
        end
        local EditorCount
        if ( Editors == nil ) then 
            local EditorNameSep = args["editor-name-separator"] or args["name-separator"] or "&#44; "
            local EditorSep = args["editor-separator"] or args["separator"] or "&#59; "
            local EditorFormat = args["editor-format"] or args.editorformat
            local EditorMaximum = tonumber(args["display-editors"] or args.displayeditors) or 3
            local control = { sep = EditorSep, namesep = EditorNameSep, format = EditorFormat, maximum = EditorMaximum }
            Editors, EditorCount = listpeople(control, e) 
        else
            EditorCount = 1;
        end
        if ( Date == nil or Date == "") then
    --   there's something hinky with how this adds dashes to perfectly-good free-standing years
    --[[        Date = Year
            if ( Date ~= nil ) then
                local Month = args.month
                if ( Month == nil ) then 
                    local Began = args.began
                    local Ended = args.ended
                    if Began ~= nil and Ended ~= nil then
                        Month = Began .. "&ndash;" .. Ended
                    else
                        Month = "&ndash;"
                    end
                end
                Date = Month .. " " .. Date
                local Day = args.day
                if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
            end
    ]] -- so let's use the original version for now
            Date = Year
            if ( Date ~= nil and Date ~="") then
                local Month = args.month
                if ( Month ~= nil and Month ~= "") then 
                    Date = Month .. " " .. Date 
                    local Day = args.day
                    if ( Day ~= nil ) then Date = Day .. " " .. Date end
                    else Month = ""
                end
                else Date = ""
            end
        end
        if ( PublicationDate == Date or PublicationDate == Year ) then PublicationDate = nil end
        if( (Date == nil or Date == "") and PublicationDate ~= nil ) then 
            Date = PublicationDate;
            PublicationDate = nil;
        end    
    
        -- Captures the value for Date prior to adding parens or other textual transformations
        local DateIn = Date
    
        if ( Format ~= nil and Format ~="" ) then
            Format = " (" .. Format .. ")" else Format = "" end
        if ( ArchiveURL and "" < ArchiveURL ) then
            if ( DeadURL ~= "no" ) then
              local temp = URL
              URL = ArchiveURL
            end
        end
        if ( TransTitle and "" < TransTitle ) then TransTitle = " [" .. TransTitle .. "&#93;" else TransTitle = "" end
        if ( TransChapter and "" < TransChapter ) then TransChapter = " [" .. TransChapter .. "&#93;" else TransChapter = "" end
        if ( Chapter and "" < Chapter ) then
            if ( ChapterLink and "" < ChapterLink ) then Chapter = "[[" .. ChapterLink .. "|" .. Chapter .. "]]" end
            if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical
                and config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia"
            ) then
                Chapter = "''" .. safeforitalics(Chapter) .. "''"
            else
                Chapter = "\"" .. Chapter .. "\""
            end
            Chapter = Chapter .. TransChapter
            if ( ChapterLink == nil ) then
                if ( ChapterURL and "" < ChapterURL ) then
                    Chapter = "[" .. ChapterURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter )  .. "]"
                elseif ( URL and "" < URL ) then 
                    Chapter = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Chapter ) .. "]" .. Format
                    URL = nil
                    Format = ""
                end
            end
            Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. " " -- with end-space
        else 
            Chapter = "" 
        end
        if ( Title and "" < Title ) then
            if ( TitleLink and "" < TitleLink ) then
                Title = "[[" .. TitleLink .. "|" .. Title .. "]]" end
            if ( Periodical and "" < Periodical ) then
                Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
            elseif ( config.CitationClass == "web"
                  or config.CitationClass == "news" ) then
                Title = "\"" .. Title .. "\""
            else
                Title = "''" .. safeforitalics(Title) .. "''"
            end
            Title = Title .. TransTitle
            if ( TitleLink == nil and URL and "" < URL ) then 
                Title = "[" .. URL .. " " .. safeforurl( Title ) .. "]" .. Format
                URL = nil
                Format = ''
            end
        else 
            Title = "" 
        end
        if ( Conference ~= nil and Conference ~="" ) then
            if ( ConferenceURL ~= nil ) then
                Conference = "[" .. ConferenceURL .. " " .. safeforurl( Conference ) .. "]"
            end
            Conference = " " .. Conference
        else 
            Conference = "" 
        end
        if ( nil ~= Position or nil ~= Page or nil ~= Pages ) then At = nil end
        if ( nil == Position and "" ~= Position ) then
            local Minutes = args.minutes
            if ( nil ~= Minutes ) then
                Position = " " .. Minutes .. " minutes in"
            else
                local Time = args.time
                if ( nil ~= Time ) then
                    local TimeCaption = args.timecaption or "Event occurs at"
                    Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time
                else
                    Position = ""
                end
            end
        else
            Position = " " .. Position
        end
        if ( nil == Page or "" == Page ) then 
            Page = "" 
        elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
            Page = ": " .. Page
        else
            Page = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Page
        end
        if ( nil == Pages or "" == Pages) then 
            Pages = "" 
        elseif ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~= "" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "web" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "book" and
                 config.CitationClass ~= "news") then
            Pages = ": " .. Pages
        else
            if ( tonumber(Pages) ~= nil ) then
              Pages = sepc .." " .. PPrefix .. Pages
            else Pages = sepc .." " .. PPPrefix .. Pages
            end
        end
        if ( At ~= nil and At ~="") then At = sepc .. " " .. At
        else At = "" end
        if ( Coauthors == nil ) then Coauthors = "" end
        if ( Others ~= nil and Others ~="" ) then
            Others = sepc .. " " .. Others else Others = "" end
        if ( TitleType ~= nil and TitleType ~="" ) then
            TitleType = " (" .. TitleType .. ")" else TitleType = "" end
        if ( TitleNote ~= nil and TitleNote ~="" ) then
            TitleNote = sepc .. " " .. TitleNote else TitleNote = "" end
        if ( PublicationPlace ~= nil and PublicationPlace ~="" ) then
            PublicationPlace = PublicationPlace .. ": "
            else PublicationPlace = "" end
        if ( Language ~= nil and Language ~="" ) then
            Language = " (in " .. Language .. ")" else Language = "" end
        if ( Edition ~= nil and Edition ~="" ) then
            Edition = " (" .. Edition .. " ed.)" else Edition = "" end
        if ( Volume ~= nil and Volume ~="" )
        then
            if ( string.len(Volume) > 4 )
              then Volume = sepc .." " .. Volume
              else Volume = " <b>" .. Volume .. "</b>"
            end
        else Volume = "" end
        if ( Issue ~= nil and Issue ~="" ) then
            Issue = " (" .. Issue .. ")" else Issue = "" end
        if ( Series ~= nil and Series ~="" ) then
            Series = sepc .. " " .. Series else Series = "" end
        if ( OrigYear ~= nil and OrigYear ~="" ) then
            OrigYear = " [" .. OrigYear .. "]" else OrigYear = "" end
        if ( Agency ~= nil and Agency ~="" ) then
            Agency = sepc .. " " .. Agency else Agency = "" end
        ------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
        if ( Date ~= nil ) then Date = Date else Date = "" end
        if ( Via ~= nil and Via ~="" ) then
            Via = " &mdash; via " .. Via else Via = "" end
        if ( AccessDate ~= nil and AccessDate ~="" )
        then local retrv_text = " retrieved "
             if (sepc == ".") then retrv_text = " Retrieved " end
             AccessDate = '<span class="reference-accessdate">'
             .. sepc .. retrv_text .. AccessDate .. '</span>'
        else AccessDate = "" end
        if ( SubscriptionRequired ~= nil and
             SubscriptionRequired ~= "" ) then
            SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents="(subscription required)", params={style="font-size:0.95em; font-size: 90%; color: #555"}})
        else
            SubscriptionRequired = ""
        end
        if ( ARXIV ~= nil and ARXIV ~= "" ) then
            ARXIV = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="arXiv",link="arXiv",prefix="http://arxiv.org/abs/",id=ARXIV,separator=":",encode=false}) else ARXIV = "" end
        if ( ASIN ~= nil and ASIN ~= "" ) then 
            ASIN = sepc .. " " .. amazon(frame, ASIN, ASINTLD) else ASIN = "" end
        if ( BIBCODE ~= nil and BIBCODE ~= "" ) then
            BIBCODE = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="Bibcode",link="Bibcode",prefix="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/",id=BIBCODE,separator=":"}) else BIBCODE = "" end
        if ( DOI ~= nil and DOI ~= "" ) then
           DOI = sepc .. " " .. doi(frame, DOI, DoiBroken) else DOI = "" end
        if ( ID ~= nil and ID ~="") then ID = sepc .." ".. ID else ID="" end
        if ( ISBN ~= nil and ISBN ~= "") then
            ISBN = sepc .. " " .. internallinkid(frame, {label="ISBN",link="International Standard Book Number",prefix="Special:BookSources/",id=ISBN}) else ISBN = "" end
        if ( ISSN ~= nil and ISSN ~="" ) then
            ISSN = sepc .. " " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="ISSN",link="International Standard Serial Number",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/issn/",id=ISSN,encode=false}) else ISSN = "" end
        if ( JFM ~= nil and JFM ~="" ) then
            JFM = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="JFM",link="Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=JFM}) else JFM = "" end
        if ( JSTOR ~= nil and JSTOR ~="") then
            JSTOR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="JSTOR",link="JSTOR",prefix="http://www.jstor.org/stable/",id=JSTOR}) else JSTOR = "" end
        if ( LCCN ~= nil and LCCN ~="" ) then
            LCCN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="LCCN",link="Library of Congress Control Number",prefix="http://lccn.loc.gov/",id=LCCN,encode=false}) else LCCN = "" end
        if ( MR ~= nil and MR ~="" ) then
            MR = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="MR",link="Mathematical Reviews",prefix="http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=",id=MR}) else MR = "" end
        if ( OCLC ~= nil and OCLC ~="") then 
            OCLC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="OCLC",link="OCLC",prefix="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/",id=OCLC}) else OCLC = "" end
        if ( OL ~= nil and OL ~="") then
            OL = sepc .." " .. openlibrary(frame, OL) else OL = "" end
        if ( OSTI ~= nil and OSTI ~="") then
            OSTI = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="OSTI",link="Office of Scientific and Technical Information",prefix="http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=",id=OSTI}) else OSTI = "" end
        if ( PMC ~= nil and PMC ~="") then
            PMC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="PMC",link="PubMed Central",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC",suffix=" ",id=PMC}) else PMC = "" end
        if ( PMID ~= nil and PMID ~="") then
            PMID = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="PMID",link="PubMed Identifier",prefix="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/",id=PMID,encode=false}) else PMID = "" end
        if ( RFC ~= nil and RFC ~="") then
            RFC = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="RFC",link="Request for Comments",prefix="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc",id=RFC,encode=false}) else RFC = "" end
        if ( SSRN ~= nil and SSRN ~="") then
            SSRN = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="SSRN",link="Social Science Research Network",prefix="http://ssrn.com/abstract=",id=SSRN}) else SSRN = "" end
        if ( URL ~= nil and URL ~="") then
           URL = " " .. url(frame, URL)
        else
           URL = ""
        end
        if ( ZBL ~= nil and ZBL ~="") then
            ZBL = sepc .." " .. externallinkid(frame, {label="Zbl",link="Zentralblatt MATH",prefix="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?format=complete&q=an:",id=ZBL}) else ZBL = "" end
        if ( Quote and Quote ~="" ) then 
            if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then
                Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);
            end
            
            Quote = sepc .." \"" .. Quote .. "\"" 
            PostScript = ""
        else 
            if ( PostScript == nil) then PostScript = "" end
            Quote = "" 
        end
        local Archived
        if ( nil ~= ArchiveURL and "" ~= ArchiveURL ) then
            if ( ArchiveDate ~= nil and ArchiveDate ~="" ) then
                ArchiveDate = " " .. ArchiveDate
            else 
                ArchiveDate = "<span class='error'>If you specify <code>archiveurl=</code>, you must also specify <code>archivedate=</code></span> "
            end
            local arch_text = " archived"
            if (sepc == ".") then arch_text = " Archived" end
            if ( "no" == DeadURL ) then
                Archived = sepc .. " [" .. ArchiveURL .. arch_text .. "] from the original on" .. ArchiveDate
            else
                Archived = sepc .. arch_text .. " from [" .. args.url .. " the original] on" .. ArchiveDate
            end
        else
            Archived = ""
        end
        local Lay
        if ( nil ~= LaySummary and "" ~= LaySummary ) then
            if ( LayDate ~= nil ) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" else LayDate = "" end
            if ( LaySource ~= nil ) then 
                LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safeforitalics(LaySource) .. "''" 
            else 
                LaySource = "" 
            end
            Lay = " [" .. LaySummary .. " lay summary]" .. LaySource .. LayDate
        else
            Lay = ""
        end
        if ( nil ~= Transcript and "" ~= Transcript ) then
            if ( TranscriptURL ~= nil ) then Transcript = "[" .. TranscriptURL .. Transcript .. "]" end
        else
            Transcript = ""
        end
        local Publisher = ""
        if ( Periodical and Periodical ~= "" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "encyclopaedia" and
             config.CitationClass ~= "web" ) then
            if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" )
                then PublicationDate = " " .. PublicationDate
                else PublicationDate = "" end
            if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
                Publisher = " (" .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate .. ")"
            else
                if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= " (" .. Location .. ")"
                else Publisher = "" end
            end
        else
            if ( PublicationDate and PublicationDate ~="" ) then
                PublicationDate = " (published " .. PublicationDate .. ")"
                else PublicationDate = "" end
            if ( PublisherName and PublisherName ~="" ) then
                Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate
            else
                if (Location ~= nil and Location ~= '') then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. Location
                else Publisher = "" end
            end
        end
        -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
        if ( Periodical ~= nil and Periodical ~="" ) then 
            if ( Title and Title ~= "") then 
                Periodical = sepc .. " ''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
            else 
                Periodical = "''" .. safeforitalics(Periodical) .. "''"
            end
        else Periodical = "" end
    
        -- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
        -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
        -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
    
        local tcommon
        if ( config.CitationClass == "journal" ) then
            tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Volume, Issue, Position }, sepc );
        elseif ( config.CitationClass == "citation" ) or (config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
            tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Series, Language, Volume, Issue, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Position}, sepc );
        else 
            tcommon = safejoin( {Title, TitleNote, Series, Format, TitleType, Conference, Periodical, Language, Volume, Issue, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Others, Position}, sepc );
        end
        -- DEBUG: tcommon = "/Title="..Title .. "/TitleType="..TitleType .. "/TitleNote="..TitleNote .. "/Format="..Format .. "/Edition="..Edition .. "/Language="..Language .. "/Conference="..Conference .. "/Periodical="..Periodical .. "/Series="..Series .. "/Volume="..Volume .. "/Issue="..Issue .. "/Position="..Position
    
        local idcommon = safejoin( { ARXIV, ASIN, BIBCODE, DOI, ISBN, ISSN, JFM, JSTOR, LCCN, MR, OCLC, OL, OSTI, PMC, PMID, RFC, SSRN, URL, ZBL, ID, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote, PostScript }, sepc );
        local enddot = "."
        if (Quote ~= "") then enddot = "" end
        if ( config.CitationClass == "citation") then enddot = "" end
        idcommon = safejoin( { idcommon, enddot }, sepc )
    
        if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) then
            Chapter = Chapter
        end
    
        local text
        local pgtext = Page .. Pages .. At
        if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
            if (Coauthors ~= "") 
              then Authors = Authors .. "; " .. Coauthors
            end
            if ( "" ~= Date )
              then Date = " ("..Date..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
              else
                if ( string.sub(Authors,-1,-1) == sepc) --check end character
                  then Authors = Authors .. " "
                  else Authors = Authors .. sepc .. " "
                end
            end
            if ( "" ~= Editors) then
                local in_text = " in "
                if (sepc == '.') then in_text = " In " end
                if (string.sub(Editors,-1,-1) == sepc)
                    then Editors = in_text .. Editors .. " "
                    else Editors = in_text .. Editors .. sepc .. " "
                end
            end
            text = safejoin( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Editors, tcommon }, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        elseif ( "" ~= Editors) then
            if ( "" ~= Date ) then
                if EditorCount <= 1 then
                    Editors = Editors .. ", ed."
                else
                    Editors = Editors .. ", eds."
                end                
                Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " "
            else
                if EditorCount <= 1 then
                    Editors = Editors .. " (ed.)" .. sepc .. " "
                else
                    Editors = Editors .. " (eds.)" .. sepc .. " "
                end                
            end
            text = safejoin( {Editors, Date, Chapter, tcommon}, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        else
            if ( "" ~= Date ) then
                if ( string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) ~= sepc )
                  then Date = sepc .." " .. Date
                  else Date = " " .. Date
                end
            end -- endif ""~=Date
            text = safejoin( {Chapter, tcommon, Date}, sepc );
            text = safejoin( {text, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
        end
        
        -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <span/> element
        if ( Year == nil ) then
            if ( DateIn ~= nil and DateIn ~= "" ) then 
                Year = selectyear( DateIn )
            elseif( PublicationDate ~= nil and PublicationDate ~= "" ) then
                Year = selectyear( PublicationDate )
            else
                Year = ""
            end        
        end
        local classname = "citation"
        if ( config.CitationClass ~= "citation" )
           then classname = "citation " .. (config.CitationClass or "") end
        local args = { class=classname }
        if ( Ref ~= nil ) then 
            local id = Ref
            if ( "harv" == Ref ) then
                local names = {} --table of last names & year
                if ( "" ~= Authors ) then
                    for i,v in ipairs(a) do names[i] = v.last end
                elseif ( "" ~= Editors ) then
                    for i,v in ipairs(e) do names[i] = v.last end
                end
                if ( names[1] == nil ) then 
                    names[1] = Year 
                elseif ( names[2] == nil ) then 
                    names[2] = Year 
                elseif ( names[3] == nil ) then
                    names[3] = Year
                elseif ( names[4] == nil ) then
                    names[4] = Year
                else
                    names[5] = Year
                end
                id = anchorid(names)
            end
            args.id = id;
        end
        
        if string.len(text) < 2 then
            text = '<span class="error">Citation is empty</span>';
        end
        
        text = z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=text, params=args})
    
        local empty_span = z.mw.text.tag( {name="span", contents="&nbsp;", params={style="display: none;"}} );
        
        -- Note: Using display: none on then COinS span breaks some clients.
        local OCinS = z.mw.text.tag({name="span", contents=empty_span, params={class="Z3988",title=OCinStitle }}) 
            
        return text .. OCinS
    end
    
    function r0(frame, name, group, page)
        if ( name == nil ) then return "" end
        if ( group == nil ) then group = "" end
        local p = ""
        if ( page ~= nil ) then 
            local contents = ":" .. page
            p = z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=contents,params={class="reference",style="white-space:nowrap;"}}) 
        end
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="ref",contents="",params={name=name,group=group}}, frame) .. p
    end
    
    function reflist0(frame, config, args)
        local contents = args.refs or ""
        local liststyle = args.liststyle
        local count = args[1]
        local width = args.colwidth
        local group = args.group or config.default_group
        if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
            width = count
            count = nil
        end
        if ( nil == liststyle ) then
            if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then
                liststyle = group
            else
                liststyle = config.default_liststyle
            end
        end
        local params = {}
        params.class = "reflist"    
        params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
        if ( nil ~= count ) then        
            params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count
            params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
        end    
        if ( nil ~= width ) then
            params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width"
            params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
        end
        local references = z.mw.text.tag({name="references",contents=contents,params={group=group}}, frame)
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="div",contents=references,params=params})
    end
    
    function refbegin0(frame, config, args)
        local liststyle = args.liststyle
        local indent = args.indent
        local indentsize = args.indentsize
        local count = args[1]
        local width = args.colwidth
        if ( nil == tonumber(count) and nil == width ) then 
            width = count
            count = nil
        end
        if ( nil == liststyle ) then
            if ( "upper-alpha" == group or "lower-alpha" == group or "upper-roman" == group or "lower-roman" == group or "upper-greek" == group or "lower-greek" == group ) then
                liststyle = group
            else
                liststyle = config.default_liststyle
            end
        end
        local params = {}
        params.class = "refbegin"
        params.style = z.wikitext.liststyle(liststyle)
        if ( nil ~= count ) then        
            params.class = params.class .. " references-column-count references-column-count-" .. count
            params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columncountstyle(count)
        end    
        if ( nil ~= width ) then
            params.class = params.class .. " references-column-width"
            params.style = params.style .. " " .. z.wikitext.columnwidthstyle(width)
        end
        local dlopen
        if ( nil ~= indent ) then
            dlopen = z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="dl",params={style="text-indent: -" .. (indentsize or "3.2") .. "em;"}})
        else
            dlopen = ""
        end
        return z.wikitext.OpenHTMLTag({name="div",params=params}) .. dlopen
    end
    
    function refend0(frame, config, args)
        local indent = args.indent
        local dlclose
        if ( nil ~= indent ) then
            dlclose = "</dl>"
        else
            dlclose = ""
        end
        return dlclose .. "</div>"
    end
    
    -- This is used by {{doi}} to create DOI links in the style used in citations.
    function z.doi(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local id = pframe.args.id or pframe.args[1] or ""
        return doi(frame, id)
    end
    
    -- This is used by {{ISSN}} to create ISSN links in the style used in citations.
    function z.ISSN(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local Name = pframe.args[1] or ""
        return hideinprint(frame, "[[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[http://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:" .. Name .. " " .. Name .. "]")
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates such as {{SfnRef}} to create the (encoded) anchor name for a Harvard cross-reference hyperlink.
    function z.SFNID(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        return anchorid(pframe.args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates such as {{Harvard citation}} to create the Harvard cross-reference text.
    function z.Harvard(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        return crossref(frame, pframe.args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
    function z.citation(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        
        local args = {};
        for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
            args[k] = v;
        end    
        return citation0(frame, args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates such as {{sfn}} to create the entire cross-reference.
    function z.sfn(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local content = crossref(frame, pframe.args)
        local args = { name = refid(pframe.args) }
        return z.mw.text.tag({name = "ref", contents = content, params = args}, frame)
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{r}}.
    function z.r(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        args.page1 = args.page1 or args.page
        local text = ""
        -- This would be shorter using ipairs(), but that doesn't work on an arguments table supplied to a template.
        local index = 1
        while args[index] ~= nil do
            local arg = args[index]
            local t = r0(frame, arg, args.group, args["page" .. index])
            text = text .. t
            index = index + 1
        end
        return text
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{ref label}}.
    function z.reflabel(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        local P1 = args[1] or ""
        local P2 = args[2] or ""
        local P3 = args[3] or ""
        local id = nil
        local contents = "[[#endnote_" .. P1 .. P3 .. "|&#91;" .. P2 .. "&#93;]]"
        local params = {}
        params.class="reference"
        if ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then params.id = "ref_" .. P1 .. P3 end
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=contents,params=params})
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{note label}}.
    function z.notelabel(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        local id = args[1] or ""
        local arrow = args[3] or ""
        local postscript = args[4] or ""
        local contents 
        if arrow ~= "" then
            local sup_arrow = z.mw.text.tag({name="sup",contents=arrow,params={}})
            contents = "[[#ref_" .. id .. arrow .. "|<b>" .. sup_arrow .. "</b>]]" .. postscript
            if "none" == arrow then arrow = "^" end -- Change this AFTER using it in the ID parameter and the contents.
        else
            contents = (args[2] or "") .. postscript
        end
        local params = { class="citation wikicite" }
        if id ~= "" and ( args.noid == nil or args.noid == "" ) then 
            params.id = z.mw.url.encodeAnchor("endnote_" .. id .. arrow)
        end
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="span",contents=contents,params=params})
    end
    
    -- This is used by templates {{reflist}} and {{notelist}}.
    function z.reflist(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        return reflist0(frame, config, args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{refbegin}}.
    function z.refbegin(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        return refbegin0(frame, config, args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{refend}}.
    function z.refend(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        return refend0(frame, config, args)
    end
    
    -- This is used by template {{efn}}.
    function z.efn(frame)
        local pframe = frame:getParent()
        local config = frame.args -- the arguments passed BY the template, in the wikitext of the template itself
        local args = pframe.args -- the arguments passed TO the template, in the wikitext that instantiates the template
        return z.mw.text.tag({name="ref",contents=(args[1] or ""),params={name=args.name,group=config.default_group}}, frame)
    end
    
    return z
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    --NOTES
    --
    -- NOTE A1: This Lua module was originally designed to handle a mix
    --      of citation styles, crossing Vancouver style with Wikipedia's
    --      local Citation Style 1 (CS1) from {Template:Citation/core}.
    --      However, the conflicting positions of parameters, scattered
    --      in twisted locations across this module, led to a separate
    --      variation just to untangle the CS1 format of citations.
    --
    -- NOTE D2: The placement of dots and other separators between the
    --      displayed parameters has been a continual headache, to keep
    --      coordinated with the data in parentheses "(data)". There
    --      has been a need to pre-check for the existence of related
    --      options, to keep from putting double-dots ".." in some cases.
    --      In particular, the omission of the "title=" parameter has led
    --      to several cases of a spurious dot ". ." because the original
    --      design had treated the title as a mandatory parameter.
    --
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    --HISTORY:
    --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter by omitting " ".
    --18Oct2012 Fixed lead-space in Chapter/Title as end " " of Authors/Date/...
    --19Oct2012 Put HISTORY comments to log major changes (not typos).
    --19Oct2012 Fixed extra dot ".." in Title by omitting at end of "tcommon=...".
    --19Oct2012 For pages, put &nbsp in "p.&nbsp;" etc.
    --19Oct2012 Enhanced "pages=" to detect lone page as "p." else "pp." prefix.
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to show "." after Periodical name (work, newspaper...).
    --19Oct2012 Fixed web-link to have spaces "[...  Archived] from the original".
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to show ";" between authors & coauthors.
    --19Oct2012 Fixed to omit extra "." after coauthors.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data to not urlencode all, as "ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004"
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not end as "&" but use lead "&rft...=" form.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS to not url.encode page's "rfr_id=..." pagename.
    --20Oct2012 Fixed COinS data when "web" to default to rft.genre "book".
    --05Nov2012 Add a span wrapper even when there is no Ref parameter
    --15Feb2013 Added Agency for "agency=xx".
    --19Feb2013 Put NOTES comments to explain module operation.
    --19Feb2013 Copied as Module:Citation/CS1 to alter to match wp:CS1 form.
    --19Feb2013 Changed OrigYear to use [__] for CS1 style.
    --19Feb2013 Fixed to not show duplicate Publisher/Agency.
    --19Feb2013 Moved page-number parameters to after final date.
    --19Feb2013 Fixed to not put double-dots after title again.
    --20Feb2013 Changed to omit dot "." if already ends with dot.
    --20Feb2013 If class "journal" shows Publisher after Periodical/Series.
    --20Feb2013 Shifted Format to after Language, and Others after Volume.
    --20Feb2013 Set AccessDate + <span class="reference-accessdate">
    --20Feb2013 Fixed url when deadurl=no.
    --20Feb2013 Added sepc for separator character between parameters.
    --20Feb2013 Put "OCLC" for "Online Computer Library Center".
    --20Feb2013 Fix empty "authorlink=" as person.link ~= "".
    --20Feb2013 Added space after AuthorSep & AuthorNameSep.
    --21Feb2013 Added args.contributor (was missing parameter).
    --21Feb2013 Fixed EditorSep (was misspelled "EdithorSep").
    --21Feb2013 Set OCinSdata.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"
    --21Feb2013 Checked to omit blank codes (asin= | doi= etc.).
    --21Feb2013 Set enddot to end line if not config.CitationClass "citation".
    --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "issn=x" as the ISSN code.
    --21Feb2013 Fixed to show "id=x" after Zbl code.
    --21Feb2013 Changed to omit double-dot before date when already dot.
    --21Feb2013 Order config.CitationClass "citation": Volume, Issue, Publisher.
    --21Feb2013 Put warning "Bad DOI (expected "10."..)" in DOI result.
    --21Feb2013 Automatically unbolded volume+comma when > 4 long.
    --21Feb2013 Changed to allow lowercase "asin-tld".
    --22Feb2013 Fixed ref=harv to extract Year from Date.
    --22Feb2013 Set Harvard refer. span id if config.CitationClass "citation".
    --22Feb2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "citation" as span class="citation".
    --22Feb2013 Capitalized "Archived/Retrieved" only when sepc is dot ".".
    --23Feb2013 Fixed author editor for "in" or "In" and put space after sepc.
    --23Feb2013 Changed to omit dot in "et al." when sepc is "." separator.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed "author1-first" to also get args.given or args.given1.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed args.article to set Title, after Periodical is Title.
    --23Feb2013 Fixed to allow blank Title (such as "contribution=mytitle").
    --23Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of Editors list
    --26Feb2013 Moved "issue=" data to show before "page=".
    --26Feb2013 Moved "type=" data to show after "format=".
    --26Feb2013 For "pmc=" link, omitted suffix "/?tool=pmcentrez".
    --27Feb2013 For coauthors, omitted extra separator after authors.
    --27Feb2013 For date, allowed empty date to use month/day/year.
    --27Feb2013 Fixed double-dot ".." at end of authors/coauthors list.
    --27Feb2013 Reset editor suffix as ", ed." when date exists.
    --27Feb2013 Removed duplicate display of "others=" data.
    --27Feb2013 Removed parentheses "( )" around "department" TitleNote.
    --05Mar2013 Moved Language to follow Periodical or Series.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed Edition to follow Series or Volume.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show article as quoted Chapter.
    --05Mar2013 Fixed class encyclopaedia to show page as "pp." or "p.".
    --07Mar2013 Changed class encyclopaedia to omit "( )" around publisher.
    --07Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot by string.sub(idcommon,-1,-1) was "-1,1".
    --13Mar2013 Removed enddot "." after "quote=" parameter.
    --13Mar2013 Changed config.CitationClass "news" to use "p." page format.
    --13Mar2013 Fixed missing "location=" when "web" or "encyclopaedia".
    --14Mar2013 Fixed end double-dot after book/work title.
    --14Mar2013 Fixed double-dot before "p." or "pp." page number.
    --14Mar2013 Fixed config.CitationClass "book" to use p./pp. page.
    --
    --End