Romantic and sexual orientation: Difference between revisions
(Removed a flag from a deactivated account who feels uncomfortable with it being on here) |
imported>Bi-is-enough m (→Aromanticism: wasn't a fan of the aromantic erasure so I added more information as well as a small demiromantic section to go with the already existing demisexual section.) |
||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
[[File:Sapphic Flag.jpg|thumb|A lesbian flag design created in 2018, [https://archive.is/0rFRD based off the colors of flowers in a poem by Sappho]. The link explains it was created specifically to include ''all'' lesbians, including those who are trans, [[butch]], and people of color.]] | [[File:Sapphic Flag.jpg|thumb|A lesbian flag design created in 2018, [https://archive.is/0rFRD based off the colors of flowers in a poem by Sappho]. The link explains it was created specifically to include ''all'' lesbians, including those who are trans, [[butch]], and people of color.]] | ||
Simply put, people who identify as lesbians usually | Simply put, people who identify as lesbians are usually women who feel attraction to other women. Historically and today, many lesbians have a gender identity and expression that they feel does not fit into the Western [[gender binary]] or patriarchal, heterosexual norms of womanhood. Some see "lesbian" as their gender identity as well as their sexuality.<ref name="Gender Census 2018">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2018 Identity words (public) |author=Cassian |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/12cN-ooc5EuLIaqbmfqbjZffYldTzWRAHc-qZaRJ2xsQ/edit#gid=1402706910}}</ref><ref name="Gender Census 2019">{{Cite web |title=Gender Census 2019 - the public spreadsheet |author=Cassian |date=30 March 2019 |access-date=27 July 2020 |url= https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ePCyWMdorSHAaxNcd1Iv64oLvkdgeoZldTdGZZTHlvY/edit#gid=498446722}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=23 July 2019|url=https://www.deviantart.com/pantomorph/art/lesbian-gender-pride-flag-806822407|title=lesbian gender pride flag|author=pantomorph}}</ref> Some lesbians who use the words [[butch]], [[stone]], or [[dyke]] for themselves express and experience their gender identities through [[masculinity]], [[androgyny]], sexual difference, and nonconformity.<ref name=Feinberg>{{cite book|last1=Feinberg|first1=Leslie|title=Stone Butch Blues: A Novel|date=1993|edition=1st|publisher=Firebrand Books|location=|isbn=1563410303}}</ref><ref name=Halberstam>{{Cite book|last1=Halberstam|first1=Judith|authorlink=Judith Halberstam|title=Female Masculinity|year=1998|edition=1st|page=[https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111 111]|publisher=Duke University Press|location=|chapter=Lesbian Masculinity: Even Stone Butches Get the Blues|isbn=0822322269|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/femalemasculinit00judi/page/111}}</ref><ref name="Krantz">{{cite journal|last1=Krantz|first1=Susan E.|title=Reconsidering the Etymology of Bulldike|journal=American Speech|date=1995|volume=70|issue=2|pages=217–221|doi=10.2307/455819|issn=00031283|url=https://scholarworks.uno.edu/engl_facpubs/41|jstor=455819}}</ref> Lesbians can be [[woman#cisgender women|cisgender women]], [[woman#transgender women|transgender women]], nonbinary/genderqueer women, and anyone else who feels that their identities [[gender alignment|align]] with womanhood or that they have some kind of connection to womanhood.<ref name="Carney">{{Cite web |title=In Defense of Non-Binary Lesbianism |last=Carney |first=Sasha |work=Broad Recognition |date=4 November 2019 |access-date=14 June 2020 |url= https://www.broadsatyale.com/in-defense-of-non-binary-lesbianism/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The struggles of rejecting the gender binary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/magazine/gender-nonbinary.html |date=4 June 2019 |work=The New York Times Magazine |access-date=1 February 2020 |last=Bergner |first=Daniel}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/44110/1/andrea-lawlor-paul-takes-the-form-of-a-mortal-girl-book-interview |authorlink=Andrea Lawlor |title=Andrea Lawlor explores the wild possibilities of sexual-shapeshifting |publisher=Dazed |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/lesbian-slang-terms-definitions#slide-8 |title=17 lesbian slang terms every baby gay needs to learn |publisher=Refinery 29 |date=30 March 2018 |access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ormiston |first=Wendy |title=Stone butch celebration: A Transgender-inspired revolution in academia |pages=198-216 |date=July 1996 |doi=10.17763/haer.66.2.46r7n64515203412 |journal=Harvard Educational Review |volume=66 |issue=2}}</ref> | ||
Some notable nonbinary lesbians include: | Some notable nonbinary lesbians include: | ||
| Line 576: | Line 576: | ||
''Disambiguation: for asexuality in the sense of a person born without sexual organs, that is an intersex condition, so instead see [[intersex]]. People who don't experience sexual attraction are most often not intersex.'' | ''Disambiguation: for asexuality in the sense of a person born without sexual organs, that is an intersex condition, so instead see [[intersex]]. People who don't experience sexual attraction are most often not intersex.'' | ||
Asexuality is a sexual orientation in which a person usually does not feel sexual attraction to anyone.<ref name="Sex and society">{{cite book|editor=Marshall Cavendish|title=Sex and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82|accessdate=July 27, 2013|volume=2|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7906-2|pages=82–83|contribution=Asexuality}}</ref><ref name="Bogaert 2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bogaert, AF|s2cid= 23720993 |title= Asexuality: What It Is and Why It Matters |journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume= 52|date=April 2015 |pmid=25897566|doi=10.1080/00224499.2015.1015713|issue=4|pages=362–379}}</ref> They may have little or no interest in sexual activity.<ref name="Crooks">{{cite book|author1=Robert L. Crooks |author2=Karla Baur|title=Our Sexuality|isbn=978-1305887428|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2016|page=300|accessdate=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isIaCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT300}}</ref><ref name="Helm">{{cite book|author=Katherine M. Helm|title=Hooking Up: The Psychology of Sex and Dating|isbn=978-1610699518|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|page=32|accessdate=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3K9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32}}</ref><ref name="Kelly">{{cite book|last = Kelly| first = Gary F.|title = Sexuality Today: The Human Perspective|edition=7|year = 2004| publisher = McGraw-Hill |isbn= 978-0-07-255835-7|page = 401|chapter = Chapter 12 |postscript = Asexuality is a condition characterized by a low interest in sex.}}</ref> This is an enduring characteristic.<ref name="apahelp">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=American Psychological Association|accessdate=March 30, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref> Asexuality is not the same as celibacy, in which a person may feel sexual attraction, but intentionally chooses not to have sex, because asexuals do not desire sex in the first place.<ref name="Halter">{{cite book|author=Margaret Jordan Halter |author2=Elizabeth M. Varcarolis|title=Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing|isbn=978-1-4557-5358-1|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013|page=382|accessdate=May 7, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZ15AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA382#v=onepage}}</ref><ref name="DePaulo">{{cite journal|first=Bella|last=DePaulo|title=ASEXUALS: Who Are They and Why Are They Important?|journal=Psychology Today|date=September 26, 2011|accessdate=December 13, 2011|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/200912/asexuals-who-are-they-and-why-are-they-important}}</ref> Asexuality | Asexuality is a sexual orientation in which a person usually does not feel sexual attraction to anyone.<ref name="Sex and society">{{cite book|editor=Marshall Cavendish|title=Sex and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82|accessdate=July 27, 2013|volume=2|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=978-0-7614-7906-2|pages=82–83|contribution=Asexuality}}</ref><ref name="Bogaert 2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bogaert, AF|s2cid= 23720993 |title= Asexuality: What It Is and Why It Matters |journal=The Journal of Sex Research|volume= 52|date=April 2015 |pmid=25897566|doi=10.1080/00224499.2015.1015713|issue=4|pages=362–379}}</ref> They may have little or no interest in sexual activity.<ref name="Crooks">{{cite book|author1=Robert L. Crooks |author2=Karla Baur|title=Our Sexuality|isbn=978-1305887428|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2016|page=300|accessdate=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isIaCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT300}}</ref><ref name="Helm">{{cite book|author=Katherine M. Helm|title=Hooking Up: The Psychology of Sex and Dating|isbn=978-1610699518|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|page=32|accessdate=January 4, 2017|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3K9CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32}}</ref><ref name="Kelly">{{cite book|last = Kelly| first = Gary F.|title = Sexuality Today: The Human Perspective|edition=7|year = 2004| publisher = McGraw-Hill |isbn= 978-0-07-255835-7|page = 401|chapter = Chapter 12 |postscript = Asexuality is a condition characterized by a low interest in sex.}}</ref> This is an enduring characteristic.<ref name="apahelp">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=American Psychological Association|accessdate=March 30, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref> Asexuality is not the same as celibacy, in which a person may feel sexual attraction, but intentionally chooses not to have sex, because asexuals do not desire sex in the first place.<ref name="Halter">{{cite book|author=Margaret Jordan Halter |author2=Elizabeth M. Varcarolis|title=Varcarolis' Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing|isbn=978-1-4557-5358-1|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|year=2013|page=382|accessdate=May 7, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZ15AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA382#v=onepage}}</ref><ref name="DePaulo">{{cite journal|first=Bella|last=DePaulo|title=ASEXUALS: Who Are They and Why Are They Important?|journal=Psychology Today|date=September 26, 2011|accessdate=December 13, 2011|url=http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/living-single/200912/asexuals-who-are-they-and-why-are-they-important}}</ref> Asexuality can be mistaken for aromanticism, however they are different (aromanticism is the lack of ''romantic'' attraction rather than sexual). More often than not, people use asexuality to mean something distinct from aromanticism, to say that they may feel romantic attraction, but not sexual attraction.<ref name="Richards and Barker">{{cite book|author=Christina Richards |author2=Meg Barker|title=Sexuality and Gender for Mental Health Professionals: A Practical Guide|isbn=978-1-4462-9313-3|publisher=Sage Publications|year=2013|pages=124–127|accessdate=July 3, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSiXAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT124}}</ref> Some asexual people enjoy taking part in sexual relationships, even though they do not feel an instinctive need to do so.<ref name="Prause">{{cite journal|last=Prause |first=Nicole |author2=Cynthia A. Graham |s2cid=12034925 |date=August 2004 |url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/PDF/PrauseGrahamPDF.pdf |title=Asexuality: Classification and Characterization |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=36 |pages=341–356 |accessdate=August 31, 2007 |doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9142-3 |pmid=17345167 |issue=3 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014407/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/PDF/PrauseGrahamPDF.pdf |archivedate=September 27, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Many asexuals see asexuality as a queer identity, and under the umbrella of [[MOGII|marginalized orientations, gender identities, and intersex (MOGII)]], because they experience discrimination for their orientation, like lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. Asexuality can also be defined as an umbrella term, which can include other kinds of sexuality labels in the asexual spectrum, such as and gray-asexuality, demisexuality, and more.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scherrer|first=Kristin|title=Coming to an Asexual Identity: Negotiating Identity, Negotiating Desire|journal=Sexualities|volume=11|issue=5|pages=621–641|doi=10.1177/1363460708094269|pmid=20593009|pmc=2893352|year=2008}}</ref><ref>Jillian Cottle, "Hallelujah, it's raining labels." [http://jilliancottle.com/hallelujah-its-raining-labels]</ref> | ||
Notable asexual nonbinary people include: | Notable asexual nonbinary people include: | ||
| Line 592: | Line 592: | ||
=== Aromanticism === | === Aromanticism === | ||
An aromantic is | Aromanticism (often abbreviated to aro) is a romantic orientation in which a person usually experiences no romantic attraction towards any genders or sexes.<ref>[http://wiki.asexuality.org/Aromantic "Aromantic" on AVENwiki]</ref><ref>[https://www.aromanticism.org/ AUREA - Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy].</ref> An aromantic person may have interest in romantic activity, however, they tend not to. Aromanticism is not the same as asexuality (the lack of ''sexual'' attraction), nor is it on the asexual or greysexual spectrums. Additionally, not all aromantics are asexual and vice versa. Aromantics who are not asexual or greysexual (allosexual) are known as AroAllos, and those who are both aromantic and asexual are known as AroAces.<ref>[https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Aromantic_Allosexual "Aromantic Allosexual" on LGBTA Wiki].</ref><ref>[https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Aroace "Aroace" on LGBTA Wiki].</ref> Some aromantics actively seek out and enjoy being in romantic relationships or queerplatonic relationships, while others do not.<ref>[https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Queerplatonic_Relationship "Queerplatonic Relationship" on LGBTA Wiki].</ref> Many, though not all, aromantics see their aromanticism as an inherently queer identity and feel that they are included in the LGBT+ acronym and community, since they can experience discrimination due to their romantic orientation and are generally marginalised becuase of societal norms around romance and amatonormativity.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatonormativity "Amatonormativity" on Wikipedia].</ref> Aromanticism can also be defined as an umbrella term or a spectrum which includes identities such as greyromantic (or grey-aromantic), demiromantic, among others.<ref>[https://lgbta.wikia.org/wiki/Aromantic_Spectrum "Aromantic Spectrum" on LGBTA Wiki].</ref> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:Aromantic Flag.svg|Aromantic flag. | File:Aromantic Flag.svg|Aromantic flag. The dark and light greens represent the aromantic spectrum, the white represents platonic friendships and intimacy, and the grey and black represent the sexuality spectrum. | ||
File:Aromantic.svg|Aromantic heart symbol. The hexagon is a visual pun on the chemical structure of aromatic hydrocarbons ("aromatic"≈"aromantic"). | File:Aromantic.svg|Aromantic heart symbol. The hexagon is a visual pun on the chemical structure of aromatic hydrocarbons ("aromatic"≈"aromantic"). | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
===Demisexuality=== | ===Demisexuality=== | ||
Demisexuality is a | Demisexuality is a sexuality label describing a person who may feel sexual attraction only to people they have formed a bond with, friends for example. Grey-asexuality is similar to demisexuality, but not exactly the same. | ||
Notable [[genderqueer]] and [[nonbinary]] people who fall under the demi- umbrella of identities include | Notable [[genderqueer]] and [[nonbinary]] people who fall under the demi- umbrella of identities include | ||
| Line 612: | Line 612: | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
Some other identity labels that fall under the asexual and aromantic | === Demiromanticism === | ||
Demiromanticism is a romantic identity label describing a person who may feel romantic attraction only to people they have formed a bond with. For example, a demiromantic person may be friends with someone for a while before they develop romantic feelings for them. Demiromanticism is on the greyromantic spectrum and may be considered aromantic too.<gallery> | |||
File:Demiromantic Flag.png|Demiromantic flag. | |||
File:Heart Demiromantic Pride 2.png|Demiromantic Heart Symbol. | |||
</gallery>Some other identity labels that may fall under the asexual and aromantic spectrums are listed [http://www.oulgbtq.org/acearo-spectrum-definitions.html here (external link)]. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Sexes]], in the sense of how | * [[Sexes]], in the sense of how bodies are put into categories such as female and male | ||
* [[Intimacy]] | * [[Intimacy]] | ||
* [[LGBT]] | * [[LGBT]] | ||