Nonbinary Wiki

Gender neutral language in German: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Gender neutral language in German (edit)

Revision as of 18:57, 27 December 2024

9,317 bytes added ,  11 months ago
no edit summary
No edit summary
(48 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 28: Line 28:


* meiniks bestiks Freundiks
* meiniks bestiks Freundiks
'''-ir, -on <ref>https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter</ref> and -chen Forms.'''
 
* Chirurgon
 
* Doktoron
'''Shortened words, -ir and -on <ref>https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter</ref> forms.'''
 
Shorten and/or add -ir or -on to make nouns gender-neutral. -ir works as a gender-neutral ending as it is a combination of -in and -er. -on can be used as an alternative to -ir when a word ends on the letter r.
 
<u>Shortened</u>
* Gema (Gemahlin/Gemahl)
* Prin/Kronprin
<u>Shortened/-ir/-on</u>
* Begleitir
* Chirurgir
* Cousir/Cousinir
* Doktir/Doktoron
* Freundir
* Freundir
* Partchen
* Gattir (Gattin/Gatte)
* Heiratir
* Könir
* Lehrir/Lehreron
* Partnir
* Partnir
* Witwon
* Professir/Professoron
* Schägir/Schwageron
* Trauzeugir
* Verlobtir
* Witwir
 


'''Shortened Words and Nonsense Forms <ref>http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber [https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230553/https://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''
'''Shortened words and nonsense forms <ref>http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber [https://web.archive.org/web/20211114230553/https://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>'''


Fairly well known -i words:
Fairly well known -i words:
Line 56: Line 75:


* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.
* Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.
*
'''"-person" and "-mensch"'''


=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
Line 66: Line 87:


====== xier ======
====== xier ======
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind'' — hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide — that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" />
In the second episode (1:02) of the series ''City of Ghosts'', i. e. ''Stadt der Geister'' in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind,'' hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide, t
 
that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.<ref>Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): ''Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast''. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> Several books,<ref name=":4" /> series<ref name=":3">Heger, Illi Anna (2022): ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games''. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomentexte/ (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref> and video games use 'xier' pronouns. For an exhaustive list, see ''Xier Pronomen in Texten, Serien, Filmen und Video Games'' from Illi Anna Heger.<ref name=":3" />


====== hen ======
====== hen ======
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>, instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" />
In the German version from ''Kivi & Monsterhund'' from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist, Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.<ref>Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): ''Kivi & Monsterhund''. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.</ref> 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers,<ref>Annat75pyz (2023): ''Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?''. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref> instagrammers, and to be currently perceived as popular.<ref>Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: ''radio FM4''. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).</ref><ref name=":1" />


====== en ======
====== en ======
An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
An important number of the members of the ''Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch'', that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''r/geschlechtsneutral''. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>


==== Tables ====
The relative pronouns are all similar to the demonstrative pronouns but for the genitive, represented in the last ligne of the table.


 
Except for the De-e-System (definite article: 'de' [də]; relative and demonstrative pronoun: 'de' [de(:)]), the definite article is similar to the demonstrative personal pronoun.
For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen
 
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personal pronouns: dominant usage
|+Primary and demonstrative personal pronouns, relative pronoun and definite article: dominant usage
!Paradigm
!Paradigm
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5">Anonym (2017): ''Q: Ein [...] gegeben''. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":6">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dey/denen/demm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":7">Pronouns.page (2024): ''dej/denen/dej''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
Line 90: Line 112:
! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |De-e-System<ref name=":14">Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): ''De-e-System''. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
|-
|-
!'''prosodical features'''
!'''solely referential and/or demonstrative'''
!
!syncretic pronoun
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>
!unstressed
!solely ref.
!stressed
!demonstr.
!
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
!unstressed
!solely ref.
!stressed
!demonstr.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">solely ref.</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">demonstr.</span>
!unstressed
!solely ref.
!stressed
!demonstr.
|-
|-
!'''Nominative'''
!'''Nominative'''
Line 116: Line 138:
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|en
|en
|de [de(:)]
|de [də]/[de(:)]
|-
|-
!'''Accusative'''
!'''Accusative'''
Line 130: Line 152:
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dio</span>
|en
|en
|de [de(:)]
|de [də]/[de(:)]
|-
|-
!'''Dative'''
!'''Dative'''
Line 154: Line 176:
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">sirer</span>
| henser
| henser
| dais
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">henser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dero</span>
|enser
| -
| -
|-
!Genitive: relative pronouns
|derer/deren
|
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">deren</span><ref>Heger, Illi Anna (2024): Personal Communication.</ref>
|
|deren
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
|
|enser
| -
| -
|
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dereno</span>
|
|dersen
|-
|-
| colspan="6" |
! colspan="6" |
! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms
! colspan="5" |'hen' paradigms
| colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
|-
!Examples
|<small>'''Dey''' wohnt in '''deren'''&nbsp;eigener Wohnung. Hast du&nbsp;'''demm''' neulich gesehen? Wie geht es '''denen'''?</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich kenne '''sien''' nicht. Ist '''sier''' hier&nbsp;eingezogen?Ich habe noch nie mit '''siem''' gesprochen.</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Mit '''diem''' will ich&nbsp;nichts zu tun&nbsp;haben.&nbsp;'''Dier''' hört mir nie zu!</small></span>
|<small>Suchst du&nbsp;'''xien'''?'''Xier''' ist im&nbsp;Urlaub.</small>
|<small>Same as for "sier".&nbsp;</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>Ich rufe '''sin''' später zurück an, wenn ich mit '''sim''' auch entspannt reden kann.</small></span>
|<small>'''Hen''' lächelt  wie&nbsp;du.&nbsp;Bist du mit '''hem''' verwandt?</small>
|<small>'''Dai''' Tankel, '''dai''' neu hier ist, fragt '''dai''' Ompa, '''dam''' ich&nbsp;mal&nbsp;ein&nbsp;Bild geschenkt habe, wie es hem geht.</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Hen''' wohnt mit '''hem''' in einem Reihenhaus.</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>'''Dio''' Hansi, '''dereno''' Geschwister ich noch nie getroffen habe, findet '''dio''' Kayan beim Versteckenspielen nie.</small></span>
|<small>'''Em''' schmeckt mein Essen nie. Ich will '''en''' nicht mehr einladen.</small>
|<small>'''De''' Studente, mit '''derm''' ich gestern gesprochen habe, gefällt mir.</small>
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Personal pronouns: peripheral usage
|+<small>Personal pronouns: peripheral usage</small>
!Paradigm
!<small>Paradigm</small>
! colspan="2" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">SYLVAIN-Konventionen</span><ref>de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): ''Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache.'' Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">SYLVAIN-Konventionen</span><ref>de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): ''Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache.'' Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
! colspan="2" |'sir' [zi:<span style="color:DarkBlue">ɐ̯]</span><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''sir''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Berliner Morgenpost (2017): ''Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
! colspan="2" |<small>'sir' [zi:<span style="color:DarkBlue">ɐ̯]</span><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''sir''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref name=":15">Berliner Morgenpost (2017): ''Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht''. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hen'<sub>2</sub></span><ref>Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ''ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS''. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'hen'<sub>2</sub></span><ref>Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ''ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS''. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!'el'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''el/em''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''el''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!<small>'el'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''el/em''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''el''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'ey'</span><ref>Pronouns.page (2024). ''ey/emm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''ey/em''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'ey'</span><ref>Pronouns.page (2024). ''ey/emm''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''ey/em''. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>
|-
|-
!'''prosodical features'''
!'''<small>solely referential and/or demonstrative</small>'''
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">unstressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>solely ref.</small></span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">stressed</span>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>demonstr.</small></span>
!unstressed
!<small>solely ref.</small>
!stressed
!<small>demonstr.</small>
!
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>
!
!<small>-</small>
!
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>-</small></span>
|-
|-
!'''Nominative'''
!'''<small>Nominative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">nin</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">din</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>
|sir
|<small>sir</small>
|dier
|<small>dier</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">hen</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>hen</small></span>
|el
|<small>el</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">ey</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ey</small></span>
|-
|-
!'''Accusative'''
!'''<small>Accusative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">nin</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nin</small></span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">din</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>din</small></span>
|sihn
|<small>sihn</small>
|dien
|<small>dien</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">han</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>han</small></span>
|en
|<small>en</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">emm</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>
|-
|-
!'''Dative'''
!'''<small>Dative</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">nim
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nim</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">dim
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>dim</small>
|ihrm
|<small>ihrm</small>
|derm
|<small>derm</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">ham</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ham</small></span>
|em
|<small>em</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">emm</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>emm</small></span>
|-
|-
!'''Genitive'''
!'''<small>Genitive</small>'''
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">nimser
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>nimser</small>
| -
| <small>-</small>
|sihrer
|<small>sihrer</small>
| -
| <small>-</small>
| -
| <small>-</small>
|emser
|<small>emser</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">eyser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>eyser</small></span>
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+(almost) Indeclinable personal pronouns
|+<small>(almost) Indeclinable personal pronouns</small>
!Paradigm
!<small>Paradigm</small>
!'ens'<ref>Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): ''Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“.'' In: ''Berliner Zeitung.'' Retrieved 28.04.2021.</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''ens/ens''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref>
!<small>'ens'<ref>Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): ''Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“.'' In: ''Berliner Zeitung.'' Retrieved 28.04.2021.</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''ens/ens''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref></small>
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'en'</span><ref name=":1">von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: ''Der'' ''Standard''. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''en/en''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!<small><span style="color:DarkBlue">'en'</span><ref name=":1">von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: ''Der'' ''Standard''. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).</ref><ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''en/en''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
!'iks'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''iks/iks''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref>
!<small>'iks'<ref>Pronouns.page (2024): ''iks/iks''. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).</ref></small>
|-
|-
!Nominative
!<small>Nominative</small>
|ens
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|iks
|<small>iks</small>
|-
|-
!Accusative
!<small>Accusative</small>
|ens
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|iks
|<small>iks</small>
|-
|-
!Dative
!<small>Dative</small>
|ens
|<small>ens</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">en</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>en</small></span>
|iks
|<small>iks</small>
|-
|-
!Genitive
!<small>Genitive</small>
|enser
|<small>enser</small>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">enser</span>
|<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>enser</small></span>
|ikser
|<small>ikser</small>
|}
|}
For an exhaustive list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen


=== Possessive adjectives ===
=== Possessive adjectives ===
For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table.
For the sake of clarity, the neuter grammatical gender is omitted from this table.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Possessive adjectives
|+Inclusive possessive adjective (ownership of any gender)
!Paradigm
!Paradigm
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
! colspan="3" |'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
Line 259: Line 310:
! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />
! colspan="3" |NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />
! colspan="3" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />
! colspan="3" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" />
! colspan="5" |De-e-System<ref name=":14" />
|-
|-
!Possession's gender
!Gender of the owned object
!masc.
!<small>masc.</small>
!fem.
!<small>fem.</small>
!incl.
!<small>incl.</small>
!masc.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!fem.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!incl.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!masc.
!<small>masc.</small>
!fem.
!<small>fem.</small>
!incl.
!<small>incl.</small>
!masc.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!fem.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!incl.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!masc.
!<small>masc.</small>
!fem.
!<small>fem.</small>
!incl.
!<small>incl.</small>
!masc.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>masc.</small></span>
!fem.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>fem.</small></span>
!incl.
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>incl.</small></span>
!masc.
!<small>masc.</small>
!fem.
!<small>fem.</small>
!incl.
!<small>incl. 3<sup>d</sup> PS</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>incl. 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>d</sup> PP</small>
|-
|-
!'''Nominative'''
!'''Nominative'''
Line 302: Line 354:
|ense
|ense
|ens
|ens
|unse
|eue
|-
|-
!'''Accusative'''
!'''Accusative'''
Line 319: Line 373:
|ense
|ense
|ens
|ens
|unse
|eue
|-
|-
!'''Dative'''
!'''Dative'''
Line 336: Line 392:
|enser
|enser
|enserm
|enserm
|unsererm
|eurerm
|-
|-
!'''Genitive'''
!'''Genitive'''
Line 353: Line 411:
|enser
|enser
|ensers
|ensers
|unserers
|eurers
|-
! colspan="10" |
! colspan="10" |'hen' paradigms
! colspan="4" |
|}
The possessiv adjectives 'deren' and 'hens' offer the advantage of being easily learnable. As for the possessives suggested by the g-Genus, aside from appearing on nonbinary grammatical websites, they don't seem to have gained much popularity on online platforms. The possessive adjectives from the 'hän' paradigm are phonetically similar to the ones of the system proposed by Kathrin Kunkel-Razum, the editor-in-chief of the Duden.<ref name=":15" />
=== Article pronouns, possessive pronouns ===
Unlike possessive adjectives ('dein Eis', 'ihr Bleistift', 'unser Löffel'), possessive pronouns ('deins', 'ihrer', 'unserer') stand for the entire possessed object, so they are not followed by a noun or hierarchically tied to one. Thus, they act as an autonomous, unbreakable syntactic unit.
Article pronouns can both function as articles and pronouns without undergoing any formal changes (ex.: Diesen (Pulli) mag ich nicht.).<ref>Ertl, Martin (2022): ''Kasusauffälligkeiten in Lerntexten''. Bielefeld: wbv Publikation, p. 53.</ref> For that reason, demonstratives that also function as pragmatically marked personal pronouns (see table 'Personal pronouns: dominant usage'), are considered article pronouns too, as they can refer to an entire syntagma on their own, or accompany/precede a noun (ex.: Den (Julian) mag ich nicht). In the De-e-system, however, the declension of the demonstrative personal pronoun is different from the other article pronouns.<ref>Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V (2023): ''Demonstrativ-/Relativpronomen''. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/deklinationstabellen/ (retrieved 28.03.2024).</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Inclusive possessive and article pronouns (genderneutral/-inclusive owned object)
!Paradigm
!'dey/dej'<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'sier' Version 2.1</span><ref name=":8" />
!'xier' Version 3.3<ref name=":9" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">'hän'</span><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />
!NoNa-System<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" />
!<span style="color:DarkBlue">g-Genus</span><ref name=":0" />
!De-e-System<ref name=":14" />
|-
!
!ex. with 'die' (plurall)
!
!
!
!ex. with 'jene·r·s'
!<span style="color:DarkBlue"><small>ex. with 'jede·r·s'</small></span>
!ex. with 'eins·e·er'
|-
!'''Nominative'''
| rowspan="4" |derer
<small>(only attested possessive</small>
<small>pronoun for this paradigm)</small>
| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>
| rowspan="4" |no data yet
| rowspan="4" |<span style="color:DarkBlue">no data yet</span>
|jenai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>
|einey
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|jenai
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedeo</span>
|einey
|-
!'''Dative'''
|jenam
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">jedero</span>
|einerm
|-
!'''Genitive'''
| -
|<span style="color:DarkBlue">-</span>
| -
|-
! colspan="4" |
! colspan="3" |'hen' paradigms
!
|}
|}
=== '''Indefinite pronoun''' ===
In German, there is the indefinite pronoun "man". This is used in everyday language regardless of gender. But the fact that it sounds exactly like the word "Mann" makes some people uncomfortable. A few decades ago, feminist language critics suggested using alternatives such as "frau" or "mensch". However, the word "frau" only evokes one gender, so it has no real advantage over "man".
From a linguistic history perspective, "man" is an Old High German noun that had the gender-neutral meaning of the word "human" and only later took on the meaning "man" as a noun.
The form "man" is only used in the nominative. In the dative and accusative, the forms "einem" and "einen" are used as indefinite pronouns; there is no genitive form of the indefinite pronoun in German.
"Mensch" and "eins" are suggested alternatives to the subject form of “man”. "einem"/"einen" would stay the same.


=== Titles ===
=== Titles ===
Line 371: Line 500:
* Professx<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421011215/https://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard
* Professx<ref>http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421011215/https://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref>, abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard


=== Family and relationship terms ===
=== Family, relationship and people terms ===
See also: [https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter Nichtbinäre Wörter] at Nichtbinär-Wiki
See also: [https://nibi.space/nichtbin%C3%A4re_w%C3%B6rter Nichtbinäre Wörter] at Nichtbinär-Wiki


Line 388: Line 517:
* Großes - standard
* Großes - standard
* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard
* Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard
* Spross/nachkomme, means sprogeny/offspring/descendant


'''Aunt/Uncle'''
'''Aunt/Uncle'''
Line 409: Line 539:
* Batter
* Batter
* Cousibling
* Cousibling
* Cousinir
* Cousir/Cousinir
* Couson
* Seitschwister
* Seitschwister


Line 425: Line 554:
* Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard
* Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard
* Geschwister - standard, but not commonly used
* Geschwister - standard, but not commonly used
* Geschwisterchen - standard, but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings
* Geschwisterchen - standard but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings
* Große/Ältere Geschwister - big/older sibling
* Große/Ältere Geschwister - big/older sibling
* Kleine/Jüngere Geschwister - little/younger sibling
* Kleine/Jüngere Geschwister - little/younger sibling
Line 432: Line 561:


* Brautpartnir - nonstandard
* Brautpartnir - nonstandard
* Brautpartchen - nonstandard
* Eheperson
* Eheperson
* Ehepartei
* Ehepartei
Line 439: Line 567:
*Eheperson
*Eheperson
*Eheherzperson
*Eheherzperson
* Freund - nonstandard
* Freun - nonstandard
* Freundir - nonstandard
* Freunir/Freundir - nonstandard
* Freund*in
* Freund*in
* Gattir - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gattin/Gatte
* Gattir - nonstandard, oldfashion, from Gattin/Gatte
Line 449: Line 577:
* Liebschaft
* Liebschaft
* Paarteil
* Paarteil
* Partchen - nonstandard
* Partner*in
* Partner*in
* Partnir - nonstandard
* Partnir - nonstandard
Line 455: Line 582:
'''In-law'''
'''In-law'''


* Schwageron - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwiegerelter - nonstandard, parent-in-law
* Schwiegerelter - nonstandard, parent-in-law
* Schwiegergeschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwiegergeschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
Line 461: Line 587:
* Schwiegerperson - in-law person
* Schwiegerperson - in-law person
* Schwiegschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwiegschwister - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwägir - nonstandard, sibling-in-law
* Schwägir/Schwageron - nonstandard, sibling-in-law


'''Other'''
'''Other'''
Line 469: Line 595:
* Brautentourage - nonstandard neutral word for wedding entourage
* Brautentourage - nonstandard neutral word for wedding entourage
* Erwachsene Person - neutral word for adult
* Erwachsene Person - neutral word for adult
* Hauspartnir/Hauspartchen - nonstandard neutral word for housespouse
* Hauspartnir - nonstandard neutral word for housespouse


* Hauselter - nonstandard neutral word for houseparent
* Hauselter - nonstandard neutral word for houseparent
* Jemensch - non-male-generalizing alternative to jemand
* Jugenlicher/Jungere Person - neutral word for youth/young person
* Jugenlicher/Jungere Person - neutral word for youth/young person
* Köni - nonstandard neutral alternative to queen (königin) and king (könig)
* Niemensch - non-male-generalizing alternative to niemand
* Könilich - nonstandard neutral alternative to royal (königlich)
* Leut - nonstandard singular version of ''Leute''
* Leut - nonstandard singular version of ''leute''
* Leute - standard word for people
* Leute - standard word for people
* Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince
* Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince
* Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king
* Reich - neutral alternative to kingdom (königreich)
* Trauzeugir - nonstandard neutral alternative to ''trauzeugin/brautjungfern'' and ''trauzeuge(n)''
* Trauzeugir - nonstandard neutral alternative to ''trauzeugin/brautjungfern'' and ''trauzeuge(n)''
* Verehrte Publikum/Gäste/Leute - neutral alternative to "ladies and gentlemen"
* Verehrte/Liebe Publikum/Gäste/Leute/Menschen - neutral alternative to "ladies and gentlemen"


* Verheirateten - neutral alternative to married couple
* Verheirateten - neutral alternative to married couple
* Witwir - neutral alternative to widowed person/wid
* Älterer person - neutral alternative to old woman and old man
* Älterer person - neutral alternative to old woman and old man
=== Other terms ===
* Bürgir/Bürgeron - nonstandard neutral word for citizen
* Chirurgir
* Doktir/Doktoron
* Kollegir
* Könir - nonstandard neutral alternative to queen (königin) and king (könig)
* Könirlich - nonstandard neutral alternative to royal (königlich)
* Mittbewohnir - nonstandard neutral alternative to mittbewhonerin/mittbewohner
* Lehrir/Lehreron
* Prin/Kronprin - nonstandard alternatives for princess/prince and crownprincess/crownprince. Can also be described as "königlicher Nachkomme" (royal descendant), "königlicher Erbe" (royal heir) or "königliche Partner/Partnir/Gema (durch Heirat)" (royal partner/consort, through marriage)
* Professir/Professoron - nonstandard alternatives for professor
* Schülir/Schüleron - nonstandard alternatives for school-student
* Studentir - nonstandard alternative for student
* Thronfolger - neutral word for crownprincess/crownprince
* Regent/Monarch - standard neutral alternatives to queen and king
* Reich/Könirreich - neutral alternatives to kingdom (königreich)


== See also ==
== See also ==
Jeppesper
translation-admin
1,724

edits

Retrieved from "https://nonbinary.wiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/39400...42519"