Voice and speech: Difference between revisions

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 Many societies (human and otherwise) recognise certain ranges of vocal communication as being typically 'masculine' or 'feminine'. Consequently, a given individual's own vocal range can trigger a feeling of [[gender dysphoria]] in that individual and they may try to alter their vocal range, or 'voice', as a result.
-There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz (Adler et al 2006, Andrews 1999, Gelfer et al 2000, Spencer 1998, Wolfe et al 1990).
+There are several factors which contribute to how a voice is interpreted with regards to gender, and these factors vary between societies. The most commonly recognised of these factors is pitch, which can undergo a dramatic transformation during ones lifetime due to the physical changes associated with puberty or endocrine therapy, for instance. Several studies have identified a gender-ambiguous average pitch at 155-187Hz, a feminine average pitch at 220Hz, and a masculine average pitch at 120Hz.<ref>Adler et al 2006</ref><ref>Andrews 1999</ref><ref>Gelfer et al 2000</ref><ref>Spencer 1998</ref><ref>Wolfe et al 1990</ref>
 Some transgender and nonbinary people may undergo [[voice modification surgery]] as part of their [[transition]].