Editing Gender neutral language
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Gender-neutral language is also important to many people who have [[Nonbinary gender|nonbinary gender identities]]. For one reason, this kind of talk helps fight against [[nonbinary erasure]], which is the common but wrong and sexist idea that there are only two genders. Since gender-neutral language doesn't give the idea that a person is male or female, it can also apply to people who identify as other genders, outside of the [[Gender binary|gender binary]]. Nonbinary people can ask to be talked about in this way. | Gender-neutral language is also important to many people who have [[Nonbinary gender|nonbinary gender identities]]. For one reason, this kind of talk helps fight against [[nonbinary erasure]], which is the common but wrong and sexist idea that there are only two genders. Since gender-neutral language doesn't give the idea that a person is male or female, it can also apply to people who identify as other genders, outside of the [[Gender binary|gender binary]]. Nonbinary people can ask to be talked about in this way. | ||
==Arabic== | ==Arabic== | ||
The Washington Post has reported that "Modern standard Arabic, based on Koranic classical Arabic, additionally has a dual option for nouns and verbs that doesn’t imply a specific gender. Some people therefore use the dual of they and you — “huma” (هما) and “intuma” (انتما) — as a gender-neutral alternative. Colloquial Arabic spoken today has largely done away with the dual, so this form can sound very formal to those not in the know."<ref name="Berger">{{Cite web |title=A guide to how gender-neutral language is developing around the world |last=Berger |first=Miriam |work=Washington Post |date=15 December 2019 |access-date=2 October 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/15/guide-how-gender-neutral-language-is-developing-around-world/ | The Washington Post has reported that "Modern standard Arabic, based on Koranic classical Arabic, additionally has a dual option for nouns and verbs that doesn’t imply a specific gender. Some people therefore use the dual of they and you — “huma” (هما) and “intuma” (انتما) — as a gender-neutral alternative. Colloquial Arabic spoken today has largely done away with the dual, so this form can sound very formal to those not in the know."<ref name="Berger">{{Cite web |title=A guide to how gender-neutral language is developing around the world |last=Berger |first=Miriam |work=Washington Post |date=15 December 2019 |access-date=2 October 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/15/guide-how-gender-neutral-language-is-developing-around-world/}}</ref> | ||
==Chinese== | ==Chinese== | ||
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* '''对象 (dui xiang).''' Term that means one's romantic partner. It is gender neutral. | * '''对象 (dui xiang).''' Term that means one's romantic partner. It is gender neutral. | ||
* '''配偶 (pei ou).''' Term that means one's partner in marriage. It is gender neutral. | * '''配偶 (pei ou).''' Term that means one's partner in marriage. It is gender neutral. | ||
==Dutch== | ==Dutch== | ||
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{{main|gender neutral language in English}} | {{main|gender neutral language in English}} | ||
English is one of the easiest languages to speak in a gender neutral way. One reason for this is it is in the Germanic language family, it | English is one of the easiest languages to speak in a gender neutral way. One reason for this is it is in the Germanic language family, it has always had three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Another reason is that in the 1200s, English speakers stopped making gender a part of every noun, adjective, and article. Grammatical gender survived only in personal pronouns and some common nouns.<ref>Dictionary.com. "English used to have gendered nouns?! Yes!" May 16, 2012. ''Dictionary.com'' (blog). [http://blog.dictionary.com/oldenglishgender/ http://blog.dictionary.com/oldenglishgender/]</ref> On the other hand, a movement in the 18th century condemned neutral language like [[singular they]], and insisted it sounded more educated to use masculine language like "he" instead, like in Latin. All these changes to English still have effects today, and sometimes create problems. For example, old laws are not clear about whether they use "he" to mean anybody, or men only. Linguists, feminists, and LGBT people have been working on finding the best solutions to the remaining problems with gender exclusive language. Over the past century, they created hundreds of [[English neutral pronouns|pronouns]], out of the lingering belief that "singular they" pronouns will not do. From the 1970s, they have also developed alternatives to gendered words, such as "mail carrier" rather than "mailman." | ||
==French== | ==French== | ||
''See also: [[Glossary of French gender and sex terminology | ''See also: [[Glossary of French gender and sex terminology]].'' | ||
French, like other | French, like other romance languages, traditionally has only two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. Additionally, according to the standard language rules, masculine is always treated as the generic gender, meaning that a mixed-gender group will always be referred to in masculine (and not in feminine, unless everyone is a woman). These rules have been established over the centuries by men and male-led institutions like the ''Académie Française''. In 1675, talking about the grammar of the French language, abbot Dominique Bouhours stated "When both genders meet, the most noble must prevail". French inclusive language refuses such rules, and feminist and queer activists work hard to try and rid French of its sexism. They have developed over the last few decades different ways to adapt the French language to be more inclusive of women and gender minorities. | ||
However, there is not one single way to speak inclusively in French, but rather, there are a wide variety of tools and workarounds one can use to adapt one's language. | However, there is not one single way to speak inclusively in French, but rather, there are a wide variety of tools and workarounds one can use to adapt one's language. It should also be noted that the "mainstream" inclusive language used by an ever growing number or people, journals and institutions aims at being inclusive of women. These changes, albeit fairly minimal, are still very controversial with certain people. The problem of a language inclusive of the nonbinary community hasn't yet reached the mainstream debate and remains mostly confined within queer and feminist circles. | ||
Finally, as it is not officially recognised, it is important to mention that inclusive French might not be accepted in contexts where formal language is expected; such as exams, language proficiency tests, official documents etc. | Finally, as it is not officially recognised, it is important to mention that inclusive French might not be accepted in contexts where formal language is expected; such as exams, language proficiency tests, official documents etc. | ||
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==== Singular pronouns ==== | ==== Singular pronouns ==== | ||
These pronouns are considered neopronouns and are used to refer to nonbinary people or someone whose gender is unknown. They are not formally recognised and are not usually used in what could be called "mainstream inclusive French". | These pronouns are considered neopronouns and are used to refer to nonbinary people or someone whose gender is unknown. They are not formally recognised and are not usually used in what could be called "mainstream inclusive French". There use is mostly limited to nonbinary people, feminist and queer circles as well as the internet. Because nothing is codified, there are almost no limits on what can be used, and a wide variety of options have been created and adopted by different people. Due to these circumstances, it is common for French gender non-conforming people to accept different sets of pronouns/neopronouns, or any pronouns/neopronouns. The lists below are not exhaustive. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''ul''' or '''ol''' | |'''ul''' or '''ol''' | ||
|These pronouns are usually preferred by those | |These pronouns are usually preferred by those who's gender identity falls mostly or completely outside the gender binary. They are the most common gender neutral pronouns after "''iel''". | ||
|"'''Ul''' est parti en vacance. '''Ol''' va '''lu''' rejoindre dans quelques jours". | |"'''Ul''' est parti en vacance. '''Ol''' va '''lu''' rejoindre dans quelques jours". | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|"''Ael''" also does not stem from the contraction of "''il''" and "''elle''". Although any types of agreement can be used, it is most often paired with "''-ae''". | |"''Ael''" also does not stem from the contraction of "''il''" and "''elle''". Although any types of agreement can be used, it is most often paired with "''-ae''". | ||
|"'''Ael''' est all'''ae''' en Australie pendant deux semaines" | |"'''Ael''' est all'''ae''' en Australie pendant deux semaines" | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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==German== | ==German== | ||
{{main|gender neutral language in German}} | {{main|gender neutral language in German}} | ||
==Hindi== | ==Hindi== | ||
''See also: [[ | ''See also: [[Glossary of Hindi gender and sex terminology]].'' | ||
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<!-- ===Professions=== --> | <!-- ===Professions=== --> | ||
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== | |||
==Italian== | ==Italian== | ||
Italian, as with other romance languages, presents challenges for inclusivity of nonbinary genders in that grammatically there only exists masculine and feminine genders. Although it descended from Latin, which had 3 genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), it has since lost its neuter form. Nevertheless, different approaches may transform the way Italian is spoken to make it more gender inclusive. | Italian, as with other romance languages, presents challenges for inclusivity of nonbinary genders in that grammatically there only exists masculine and feminine genders. Although it descended from Latin, which had 3 genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), it has since lost its neuter form. Nevertheless, different approaches may transform the way Italian is spoken to make it more gender inclusive. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Italian has masculine and feminine grammatical genders, although some nouns ending in -e (singular)/ -i (plural) hint at a suggested neutral form not dissimilar from gender ambiguous nouns in Spanish (ex. el estudiante and la gente both end in -e even though they are gendered masculine and feminine). | Italian has masculine and feminine grammatical genders, although some nouns ending in -e (singular)/ -i (plural) hint at a suggested neutral form not dissimilar from gender ambiguous nouns in Spanish (ex. el estudiante and la gente both end in -e even though they are gendered masculine and feminine). | ||
One idea therefore may be to use these endings for nouns to neutralize language. Possible noun endings that could work: | One idea therefore may be to use these endings for nouns to neutralize language. Possible noun endings that could work: | ||
* | *-e/-i, already present in standard Italian | ||
* | *-en/is, nonstandard and not regularly used, taking from latin endings | ||
* | *-u/un/us, nonstandard, taking from latin endings. | ||
* | *-@, similar to "chic@s" in Spanish | ||
*' | *-', In American Italian pidgin, most words are often shortened of their final vowel, and additionally have been used neutrally. (ex. Ragazzo/a would turn into ragazz'). This way of speaking is often associated from Italian Mobsters, however, and is likewise a product of suppression during cultural assimilation. | ||
* | *- *, in similar usage to the ' in American Italian Pidgin, the asterisk is used at the end of words to represent gender neutral vowels. This method has been used by Queer Italian activists and even has been sported in some italian pride media. | ||
===Personal Pronouns=== | ===Personal Pronouns=== | ||
* | *Loi, nonstandard italian, not reguarlarly used (nonbinary option as "singular they") | ||
*Ilu, nonstandard italian, status of use unknown | |||
* | *Il@, nonstandard Italian, status of use unknown | ||
* | *Lau, nonstandard italian, status of use unknown. | ||
* | *Leu, nonstandard italian, status of use unknown. | ||
* | |||
==Irish== | ==Irish== | ||
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* most countries, rivers and languages are feminine. | * most countries, rivers and languages are feminine. | ||
(it could be argued since -eacht and -acht occur as both feminine and masculine nouns that there is some gender ambiguity/neutralized gender, and perhaps these could be neuter endings for nouns) | (it could be argued since -eacht and -acht occur as both feminine and masculine nouns that there is some gender ambiguity/neutralized gender, and perhaps these could be neuter endings for nouns) | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
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*''Són'' - Old Irish pronoun meaning "This" (It's modern variant, seo, means the same) | *''Són'' - Old Irish pronoun meaning "This" (It's modern variant, seo, means the same) | ||
*''Intí -'' Old Irish pronoun meaning one/he/she | *''Intí -'' Old Irish pronoun meaning one/he/she | ||
*''Sin'' - this has been in use by some native speakers. it's literal meaning is "that". | |||
*''Sin'' - this has been in use by some native speakers. it's literal meaning is "that" | *''Ea'' - a gender-neutral pronoun regularly used in modern Irish, but usually restricted to certain grammatical circumstances. | ||
*''Ea'' - a gender-neutral pronoun regularly used in modern Irish, but usually restricted to certain grammatical circumstances | |||
Irish has three grammatical forms for personal pronouns: conjunctive form, disjunctive form and emphatic form. | Irish has three grammatical forms for personal pronouns: conjunctive form, disjunctive form and emphatic form. | ||
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''Ritheann sin'' or "they (sg.) run" | ''Ritheann sin'' or "they (sg.) run" | ||
''Ritheann cí'' or "they (sg.) run" | ''Ritheann cí'' or "they (sg.) run" | ||
'''Disjunctive form''' | '''Disjunctive form''' | ||
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''Buailim mé dhuí'' or "I hit them" | ''Buailim mé dhuí'' or "I hit them" | ||
''Buailim mé chí'' or "I hit them" | ''Buailim mé chí'' or "I hit them" | ||
'''Emphatic form''' | '''Emphatic form''' | ||
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''Is suisa!'' or "It's ''them''" | ''Is suisa!'' or "It's ''them''" | ||
''Is císa!'' or "It's ''them''" | ''Is císa!'' or "It's ''them''" | ||
'''Prepositional pronouns''' | '''Prepositional pronouns''' | ||
In addition to these other forms of pronouns, The irish language has "prepositional pronouns", which create specific forms of gender pronouns depending on the type of preposition. Bear in mind the table below contains only the neutral singular versions of these pronouns | In addition to these other forms of pronouns, The irish language has "prepositional pronouns", which create specific forms of gender pronouns depending on the type of preposition. Bear in mind the table below contains only the neutral singular versions of these pronouns---Likewise, these are proposed pronouns and non-standard forms, some of them inspired by the neuter gender endings found in Old Irish. | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
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!fara "along/ with" | !fara "along/ with" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |agáith | ||
| | |déin | ||
| | |léin | ||
|romhin | |romhin | ||
|orsin | |orsin | ||
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|umúl | |umúl | ||
|feirsa | |feirsa | ||
|} | |}<br /> | ||
===Family terms=== | ===Family terms=== | ||
There are words that would be categorized in binary genders but could be used as neutral sounding words. | There are words that would be categorized in binary genders but could be used as neutral sounding words. | ||
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''See also: [[Glossary of Japanese gender and sex terminology]].'' | ''See also: [[Glossary of Japanese gender and sex terminology]].'' | ||
Japanese does not have grammatical gendered structures (i.e. conjugations or noun endings), but there are many gendered aspects of the language. Specific information, such as the gender of a person being referred to, is often implied through other context in the conversation. There are however, specific sets of vocabulary that are | Japanese does not have grammatical gendered structures (i.e. conjugations or noun endings), but there are many gendered aspects of the language. Specific information, such as the gender of a person being referred to, is often implied through other context in the conversation. There are however, specific sets of vocabulary that are assigned to narrow demographics such as young boys (ぼく boku = "I" or "me") versus young girls versus a young woman (あたし atashi = feminized "I" or "me") or an old man (私, わたし, 'watashi' = "I" or "me"). Certain words and expressions semantically refer to only one gender group, such as (伯母ちゃん) obaachan for a grandmother or old woman. | ||
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==Latin== | ==Latin== | ||
Latin is essentially a historical language, but it is still used by a small but vibrant community worldwide. It starts to have some LGBT terminology, like "homosexualitas"/"homophylophilia" (homosexuality), "propensio sexualis" (sexual orientation), "intersexualitas" (intersexuality), "identitas generis" (gender identity) etc., but modern neologisms remain a tricky issue in the language. Also, Latin traditionally makes extensive use of generic masculine, which is thus difficult to avoid. If one is ready to use terms that didn't exist in the classical language (or had a different meaning then), but have nevertheless been in use for centuries (e.g. "persona", "individuum"), it is possible to use a mix of terms of different grammatical genders and add other words as appositions aligned in gender in order to convey gender neutrality, e.g. "homo filius", "persona filia" and "individuum filium" in order to express "child" (in the sense of offspring). For "enby", "nebinium" has been proposed.<ref>See [https://nibi.space/pronomen_und_grammatisches_geschlecht_in_anderen_sprachen#romanische_sprachen here]. | Latin is essentially a historical language, but it is still used by a small but vibrant community worldwide. It starts to have some LGBT terminology, like "homosexualitas"/"homophylophilia" (homosexuality), "propensio sexualis" (sexual orientation), "intersexualitas" (intersexuality), "identitas generis" (gender identity) etc., but modern neologisms remain a tricky issue in the language. Also, Latin traditionally makes extensive use of generic masculine, which is thus difficult to avoid. If one is ready to use terms that didn't exist in the classical language (or had a different meaning then), but have nevertheless been in use for centuries (e.g. "persona", "individuum"), it is possible to use a mix of terms of different grammatical genders and add other words as appositions aligned in gender in order to convey gender neutrality, e.g. "homo filius", "persona filia" and "individuum filium" in order to express "child" (in the sense of offspring). For "enby", "nebinium" has been proposed.<ref>See [https://nibi.space/pronomen_und_grammatisches_geschlecht_in_anderen_sprachen#romanische_sprachen here].</ref> | ||
==Norwegian== | ==Norwegian== | ||
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*'''Sitt''': The neuter possessive form of 'seg'. Its function is similar to the function described above. | *'''Sitt''': The neuter possessive form of 'seg'. Its function is similar to the function described above. | ||
*'''Hen''': An inclusive third-person pronoun. The Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is unfavourable towards use of "hen" as a general gender-neutral pronoun in formal texts (while open to change should actual language use evolve), but advises to use it when requested by a nonbinary person. At that occasion, the Språkrådet uses "hen" also as object form and "hens" as genitive form.<ref>http://www.sprakradet.no/Vi-og-vart/Publikasjoner/Spraaknytt/spraknytt-20162/spraknytt-12016/han-ho-eller-hen/ | *'''Hen''': An inclusive third-person pronoun. The Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is unfavourable towards use of "hen" as a general gender-neutral pronoun in formal texts (while open to change should actual language use evolve), but advises to use it when requested by a nonbinary person. At that occasion, the Språkrådet uses "hen" also as object form and "hens" as genitive form.<ref>http://www.sprakradet.no/Vi-og-vart/Publikasjoner/Spraaknytt/spraknytt-20162/spraknytt-12016/han-ho-eller-hen/</ref> | ||
===Other Types of Relationships=== | ===Other Types of Relationships=== | ||
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See also [[Glossary of Polish gender and sex terminology]]. | See also [[Glossary of Polish gender and sex terminology]]. | ||
Polish is a very gendered language. Some Polish nonbinary people create solutions such as gender-neutral verb endings, for example "chciałxm"/"chciałom"/"chciałx" instead of "chciałbym" (masculine) or "chciałabym" (feminine).<ref>{{cite web|title=hi how to use they them in poland. próbuję ale im failing miserably|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=http://archive.is/ZMwts|url=https://urodziwy.tumblr.com/post/187175986471/hi-how-to-use-they-them-in-poland-pr%C3%B3buj%C4%99-ale-im}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czemu ludzie są Twoim zdaniem dyskryminowani przez swoją orientację seksualną?|archive-url=http://archive.is/k4Xzj|archive-date=17 June 2020|url=https://ask.fm/brainlessxx/answers/162268935811}}</ref> In the novel ''Perfect Imperfection'', author Jacek Dukaj used -um verb endings (e.g. "zobaczyłum" instead of the masculine "zobaczyłem" or feminine "zobaczyłam").<ref name="TransGrysy">{{Cite web |title=TransGrysy wyjaśniają: co robić, a czego nie robić w kontaktach z osobami transpłciowymi? |trans-title=TransGrysy explains: what to do and what not to do when dealing with transgender people? |last=Winky |first=Kinky |work=kinkywinky.pl |date= |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |language=pl | Polish is a very gendered language. Some Polish nonbinary people create solutions such as gender-neutral verb endings, for example "chciałxm"/"chciałom"/"chciałx" instead of "chciałbym" (masculine) or "chciałabym" (feminine).<ref>{{cite web|title=hi how to use they them in poland. próbuję ale im failing miserably|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=http://archive.is/ZMwts|url=https://urodziwy.tumblr.com/post/187175986471/hi-how-to-use-they-them-in-poland-pr%C3%B3buj%C4%99-ale-im}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czemu ludzie są Twoim zdaniem dyskryminowani przez swoją orientację seksualną?|archive-url=http://archive.is/k4Xzj|archive-date=17 June 2020|url=https://ask.fm/brainlessxx/answers/162268935811}}</ref> In the novel ''Perfect Imperfection'', author Jacek Dukaj used -um verb endings (e.g. "zobaczyłum" instead of the masculine "zobaczyłem" or feminine "zobaczyłam").<ref name="TransGrysy">{{Cite web |title=TransGrysy wyjaśniają: co robić, a czego nie robić w kontaktach z osobami transpłciowymi? |trans-title=TransGrysy explains: what to do and what not to do when dealing with transgender people? |last=Winky |first=Kinky |work=kinkywinky.pl |date= |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |language=pl}}</ref> These have since become known as Dukaisms.<ref name="zaimkipl">{{Cite web |title=An overview of Polish nonbinary pronouns |trans-title= |author= |work=Zaimki.pl |date= |access-date=25 November 2020 |url= https://zaimki.pl/english |language=en }}</ref> | ||
Another gender-neutral way of speaking or writing Polish is rewording phrases to use a non-gendered conjugation of a verb. For example, instead of saying "I saw" in the masculine form "zobaczyłem" or feminine form "zobaczyłam", one could say "Udało mi się zobaczyć" (I was able to see).<ref name="grabieżca">{{Cite web |title=Osoby niebinarne - jakiej są płci? |trans-title= |author=niski_grabieżca |work=transseksualizm.blogspot.com |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |language=pl | Another gender-neutral way of speaking or writing Polish is rewording phrases to use a non-gendered conjugation of a verb. For example, instead of saying "I saw" in the masculine form "zobaczyłem" or feminine form "zobaczyłam", one could say "Udało mi się zobaczyć" (I was able to see).<ref name="grabieżca">{{Cite web |title=Osoby niebinarne - jakiej są płci? |trans-title= |author=niski_grabieżca |work=transseksualizm.blogspot.com |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |language=pl}}</ref> | ||
For written Polish, it is possible to combine the masculine and feminine forms of a noun, with a space in between the endings to acknowledge other genders. For example instead of the masculine "aktorzy" or the feminine "aktorki", one could write "aktorki_rzy".<ref name="123t_Gend">{{Cite web |title=Gender. Płeć w języku. Feminizm w języku polskim |trans-title=Gender. Gender in language. Feminism in Polish language |last=Tłumaczeń |first=Biuro |work=Ekspresowe tłumaczenia |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://123tlumacz.pl/gender-plec-w-jezyku-feminizm-w-jezyku-polskim/ |language=pl | For written Polish, it is possible to combine the masculine and feminine forms of a noun, with a space in between the endings to acknowledge other genders. For example instead of the masculine "aktorzy" or the feminine "aktorki", one could write "aktorki_rzy".<ref name="123t_Gend">{{Cite web |title=Gender. Płeć w języku. Feminizm w języku polskim |trans-title=Gender. Gender in language. Feminism in Polish language |last=Tłumaczeń |first=Biuro |work=Ekspresowe tłumaczenia |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://123tlumacz.pl/gender-plec-w-jezyku-feminizm-w-jezyku-polskim/ |language=pl}}</ref> | ||
==Portuguese== | ==Portuguese== | ||
''See also: [[Glossary of Brazilian Portuguese gender and sex terminology]] and [[Glossary of European Portuguese gender and sex terminology]].'' | ''See also: [[Glossary of Brazilian Portuguese gender and sex terminology]], and [[Glossary of European Portuguese gender and sex terminology]].'' | ||
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==Russian== | ==Russian== | ||
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{{main|Gender neutral language in Spanish}} | {{main|Gender neutral language in Spanish}} | ||
As a language in the Romance family, Spanish has two grammatical genders, masculine and feminine, which are part of every adjective, noun, and article. This makes it nearly impossible to speak in a completely gender-neutral in standard Spanish. Feminists, LGBT people, and other activists today are creating methods to speak Spanish in a gender-neutral way when needed. Because the ending -o is masculine, and -a is feminine, it's now common for people to substitute these with a different letter or symbol to create a neutral version. The most used and more accepted is using -e. Some common examples of this are "L@s Latin@s,"<ref name="sikian">Sikian. ''Reddit''. Forum comment. 2015. https://www.reddit.com/r/genderqueer/comments/2ymn25/gender_in_language_to_all_you_nonbinary_redditors/cpdjdhi | As a language in the Romance family, Spanish has two grammatical genders, masculine and feminine, which are part of every adjective, noun, and article. This makes it nearly impossible to speak in a completely gender-neutral in standard Spanish. Feminists, LGBT people, and other activists today are creating methods to speak Spanish in a gender-neutral way when needed. Because the ending -o is masculine, and -a is feminine, it's now common for people to substitute these with a different letter or symbol to create a neutral version. The most used and more accepted is using -e. Some common examples of this are "L@s Latin@s,"<ref name="sikian">Sikian. ''Reddit''. Forum comment. 2015. https://www.reddit.com/r/genderqueer/comments/2ymn25/gender_in_language_to_all_you_nonbinary_redditors/cpdjdhi</ref><ref name="gubb">Sophia Gubb. "Construyendo Un Género Neutro En Español – Para Una Lengua Feminista, Igualitaria E Inclusiva." February 10, 2013. ''Sophia Gubb's Blog''. Personal blog entry. http://www.sophiagubb.com/construyendo-un-genero-neutro-en-espanol-para-una-lengua-feminista-igualitaria-e-inclusiva/</ref><ref name="socialchange">http://www.spanishforsocialchange.com/2015/05/living-as-non-binary-or-gender-neutral.html</ref><ref name="genderfork">http://genderfork.com/2013/question-gender-neutral-honorifics-in-spanish/</ref> "Lxs Latinxs,"<ref name="sikian /><ref name="genderfork /><ref name="socialchange /> "Les Latines,"<ref name="Schmidt">{{Cite web |title=A Language for All |last=Schmidt |first=Samantha |work=Washington Post |date=5 December 2019 |access-date=29 May 2020 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2019/12/05/teens-argentina-are-leading-charge-gender-neutral-language/}}</ref><ref name="socialchange" /> and even "LⒶs LatinⒶs."<ref name="tawny">Phoenix Tawnyflower. "Nonbinary Spanish." May 24, 2014. ''Reflections of a Queer Artist'' (personal blog). http://phoenixtawnyflower.blogspot.com/2014/05/nonbinary-spanish.html</ref> | ||
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Traditionally, the word ''den'' has been used as a gender neutral pronoun and remains widely used today. However, depending on the context, the word ''den'' can also mean ''it'' leaving it unsatisfactory as a gender neutral pronoun for many who do not wish to be seen as comparable to an inanimate object. Since the 1960s, the person pronoun ''hen'' has become increasingly popular and will, in 2015, be added for the first time to ''Svenska Akademiens Ordlista'' (the Swedish equivalent to France's ''Dictionnaire de l'Académie française''). Its usage, however, remains somewhat contraversial and is vigorously opposed by some. | Traditionally, the word ''den'' has been used as a gender neutral pronoun and remains widely used today. However, depending on the context, the word ''den'' can also mean ''it'' leaving it unsatisfactory as a gender neutral pronoun for many who do not wish to be seen as comparable to an inanimate object. Since the 1960s, the person pronoun ''hen'' has become increasingly popular and will, in 2015, be added for the first time to ''Svenska Akademiens Ordlista'' (the Swedish equivalent to France's ''Dictionnaire de l'Académie française''). Its usage, however, remains somewhat contraversial and is vigorously opposed by some. | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hen | ! hen | ||
| | | Standard gender neutral / third gender personal pronoun | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hens | ! hens | ||
| | | Possive form of hen | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! henom | ||
| | | Object form of hen | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
The object form of hen is sometimes just hens. It is very individual. | |||
<!-- ===Titles=== --> | <!-- ===Titles=== --> | ||
<!-- ===Family terms=== --> | <!-- ===Family terms=== --> | ||
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<!-- ===Descriptions=== --> | <!-- ===Descriptions=== --> | ||
<!-- ===Other terms=== --> | <!-- ===Other terms=== --> | ||
==Thai== | ==Thai== | ||
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<!-- ===Descriptions=== --> | <!-- ===Descriptions=== --> | ||
<!-- ===Other terms=== --> | <!-- ===Other terms=== --> | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://genderqueeries.tumblr.com/titles Gender-neutral/Queer Titles]. A long, continually updated list of gender-neutral or genderqueer words for family members and relationships in English. | * [http://genderqueeries.tumblr.com/titles Gender-neutral/Queer Titles]. A long, continually updated list of gender-neutral or genderqueer words for family members and relationships in English. | ||
*[https://collectanealinguistica.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/language-learning-beyond-the-gender-binary/ Language learning beyond the gender binary], by linguist Timothy McKeon, on how to be gender-neutral or gender-variant in many different languages. | * [https://collectanealinguistica.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/language-learning-beyond-the-gender-binary/ Language learning beyond the gender binary], by linguist Timothy McKeon, on how to be gender-neutral or gender-variant in many different languages. | ||
*[https://deepbaltic.com/2018/03/20/being-non-binary-in-a-language-without-gendered-pronouns-estonian/ Being Non-Binary in a Language Without Gendered Pronouns – Estonian] | * [https://deepbaltic.com/2018/03/20/being-non-binary-in-a-language-without-gendered-pronouns-estonian/ Being Non-Binary in a Language Without Gendered Pronouns – Estonian] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Gender neutral language]] | [[Category:Gender neutral language]] | ||
[[de:geschlechtsneutrale_sprache]] | [[de:geschlechtsneutrale_sprache]] |