Genderqueer/de

Genderqueer

Meaning - Lavendel: Mischung aus pink (weiblich) und blau (männlich) - Weiß: Geschlechtsneutral or geschlechtslos - Dunkelgrün: Umkehrung von lavendel, also das dritte Geschlecht
Related identities	nicht-binär, transgender
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« Nicht-binäre Menschen stehen unter dem Druck, eine Fassade der absoluten Sicherheit und Gewissheit über ihre Identität zu präsentieren. Man muss jederzeit Selbstvertrauen ausstrahlen, damit niemand jemals die Möglichkeit hat, das eigene Geschlecht in Frage zu stellen. Und das finde ich wirklich schade, denn so laufen wir Gefahr, der Sicherheit mehr Bedeutung zu verleihen, als der Erkundung. Die einzigen Momente, in denen wir verletzlich sein können, sind mit anderen queeren Menschen, die verstehen, dass Geschlecht eine Reise und ein Prozess ist. » — Anonymous, 26 (Genderqueer)

Genderqueer, auch GenderQueer oder genderqueer genannt, ist ein Sammelbegriff, der sich sowohl auf nicht-normative Geschlechtsidentitäten als auch auf Geschlechtsmerkmale bezieht. Die Bezeichnung kann auch von Personen verwendet werden, die sich als "queer" oder "nicht-normativ" bezeichnen, ohne ihr Geschlecht genauer zu definieren.

Als Oberbegriff hat Genderqueer eine ähnliche Tragweite wie nicht-binär, wobei sich viele Personen, die sich als nicht-binär identifizieren, auch als genderqueer sehen. Die Begriffe haben jedoch unterschiedliche historische Bedeutungen und Zusammenhänge. Das Wort genderqueer wurde mindestens zehn Jahre vor dem Begriff nicht-binär verwendet.

Geschichte

Genderqueer wurde in den 1990er Jahren als "Gender Queer" geprägt und wurde eine Zeit lang "GenderQueer" geschrieben, bevor es zu einem zusammengesetzten Wort wurde. Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung war wortwörtlich "queeres Geschlecht" und schloss jeden ein, der die Art und Weise, wie er sein Geschlecht erlebt oder ausdrückt, als "queer" empfand. Der Begriff übernimmt die nicht-normativen und anti-assimilatorischen Konnotationen der Queer-Bewegung und wendet diese eher auf das Geschlecht als auf die Sexualität an.

The earliest known use of the term is by Riki Anne Wilchins in the Spring 1995 newsletter of Transexual Menace.

Riki Wilchins' essay from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer describes how the original 'Gender Queers' adopted the label because the intended-to-be-inclusive umbrella term transgender had begun to be most strongly associated with transsexual, gender binary identified and medically transitioning people, pushing out those who did not fit this dominant transgender narrative.

By 1999/2000, online communities such as the Sphere mailing list were using the term genderqueer as an umbrella to unite a number of nonbinary gender identities and identifications that are now thought of as under the nonbinary umbrella. Over the next decade, genderqueer developed as a standalone identity with particular (sub)cultural expectations and connotations, while the tendency to identify particular experiences under its umbrella seemed to diminish. However both uses are still visible in different online and in person communities.

Difference between Genderqueer and Nonbinary

Genderqueer means non-normative or queer gender while nonbinary means gender that falls outside the gender binary model. Both of these terms are extremely similar in scope, however in practice their connotations are significantly different.

Genderqueer comes with the anti-assimilationist political connotations of queer, which is a reclaimed slur word with strong associations with a countercultural sexuality movement that sets itself apart from the mainstream LGBT community. (Note that the word "queer" is still actively used as a pejorative and hate speech in many regions.) As such genderqueer implies a similar counterculture, setting itself apart from mainstream transgender discourse. Most genderqueer people also consider themselves to be queer and there is a strong trend of rejecting the gender binary and normative gender roles with in the Queer Movement as a whole.

By contrast, nonbinary is more politically neutral in its connotations. Nonbinary was coined as a descriptive term, originally simply 'nonbinary gender', used to describe the range of experiences that fall outside of the binary gender model. There is no countercultural anti-transgender discourse connotation, nor is there a connotation of association with the wider Queer Movement. Nonbinary is intended to simply cover the widest range of identities and experiences without intending to describe their political or cultural philosophies and affiliations.

Observed differences between people who hold each identity

While genderqueer and nonbinary are theoretically extremely similar in their scope as umbrella terms, in practice genderqueer slants more towards those who identify as queering gender while nonbinary tends to attract those who hold specific trans* or transgender identities that fall outside of the gender binary.

Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to hold binary gender identities (eg, 'Genderqueer Woman') while considering their gender expression or gender performance to be queer or non-normative, while nonbinary-identified people are more likely to consider their gender identity (or lack of gender identity) to fall outside of the binary. Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to consider themselves to be queer or a member of the queer community.

Nonbinary-identified people generally seem more comfortable with considering themselves transgender and more likely to use the language of gender dysphoria. The adoption of the term 'nonbinary' by parts of the genderqueer community may reflect a trend of adopting the language of the transgender rights movement in order to make use of and expand on the legal protections now afforded to transgender people in some localities. Nonbinary-identified people may be more likely to be seeking access to transgender medical care or legal recognition (aka transition).

Some nonbinary people reject the term genderqueer as an umbrella term because they are offended to be associated with queer sexuality, or still see queer as an offensive slur word.

Despite these trends and connotations, both terms are used by some members of each group and so may be considered as wide inclusive umbrella terms. Some genderqueer-identified people have sought 'transition', some nonbinary-identified people hold binary gender identities and consider themselves to be nonbinary by gender expression, and it is currently common for nonbinary-identified individuals to also identify as genderqueer (especially as this term predates nonbinary by at least a decade).

Is Genderqueer Transgender?

There is controversy within the genderqueer community over whether genderqueer people fall under the transgender umbrella. Despite the work of Leslie Feinberg in the 1990s to coin transgender as a wide and inclusive umbrella term covering all forms of transgressive gender, the term genderqueer developed out of a frustration with the association between transgender and transsexualism, gender dysphoria and the dominant transgender narrative.

It is common for genderqueer-identified people to consider trans and transgender to be synonymous with transition and so to claim genderqueer as a non-transgender identity. This is especially true with people who are genderqueer by gender expression only, but also applies to some genderqueer people who are comfortable with their body and see transgender as synonymous with bodily gender dysphoria. As such, it is important when talking about genderqueer and nonbinary people to recognise that not all people who hold these identities consider themselves to fall under the transgender umbrella.

Notable people

JD Samson

Notable people who specifically describe themselves with the label "genderqueer" include:

• musician JD Samson
• porn actor Jiz Lee
• model Rain Dove
• singer, songwriter and actor Kieran Strange

See also

• Nonbinary gender
• Gender nonconformity
• Gender variant
• Genderqueer flag
• Intergender
• Androgyne

External links

• Wikipedia's Genderqueer article
• Genderqueer Identities
• Genderqueer Identities: The Non-binary vs Genderqueer Quandary
• Riki Wilchin's essay on the origins of Genderqueer from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer

Further reading

• Nestle, Joan, Clare Howell, and Riki A. Wilchins. GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002. Print.
• Sycamore, Mattilda B. Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 2006. Print.