Gender neutral language: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:43, 24 February 2019

Template:Information Required Gender-neutral language, also called gender-inclusive language, is the practice of using words that don't give an idea of someone being female or male. For example, the word "fireman" gives the idea that a person in that work is male. An offer for a job as a "cleaning lady" gives the idea that only a woman should do the job. The gender-neutral alternatives are to say "fire fighter" and "janitor," respectively. Then it is easier to see that these jobs can be done by a person of any gender. Gender-neutral language is important in feminism, because changing the way that people talk can help make sexist ideas less common. For example, the sexist idea that some jobs should only be done by people of certain genders.

Gender-neutral language is also important to many people who have non-binary gender identities. For one reason, this kind of talk helps fight against nonbinary erasure, which is the common but wrong and sexist idea that there are only two genders. Since gender-neutral language doesn't give the idea that a person is male or female, it can also apply to people who identify as other genders, outside of the gender binary. Non-binary people can ask to be talked about in this way.

Chinese

Pronouns

tā. Verbally all gendered pronouns sound the same, and so they technically can be gender neutral.

Titles

先生 (xian sheng). A gender neutral term to refer to a teacher, a new acquaintance with whom you are unfamiliar, or anyone with whom you are not on a first-name basis, though it is usually masculine-based.
师傅 (shi fu). A gender neutral term, though it is usually masculine-based, conveying respect to someone if you don't know their name, and it means "master."
老师 (lao shi). Standard word for teacher.
博士 (bo shi). Standard word for professor.
老板 (lao ban). Standard term for one's boss (say at work).

Family Terms

孩子 (hai zi). Standard gender neutral term for child.

Professions

服务员 (fu wu yuan). Standard word for server and/or gender neutral term for waiter/waitress.

Dutch

Family terms

Parent

Ouder. Neutral, formal.

Child

Baby. Standard neutral word for very young offspring or very young people.
Jonkie. Standard neutral word for young people.
Kind. Standard gender neutral word for a young person or an offspring. Implied age isn't adult, but may be.
Kleintje. Literally "little one", neutral word for a very young child or young offspring.
Kleuter. Neutral word for child that is ~3 to ~6 years old.
Peuter. Neutral word for child that is ~1 to ~3 years old.
Tiener. Neutral word for a child that is ~10 to ~18 years old.

English

This section has its own article at Gender neutral language in English.

French

German

This section has its own article at Gender neutral language in German.

Hindi

Italian

Irish

The irish language (Gaeilige) presents some challenges to creating a gender neutral way of speaking. Every noun is gendered in either masculine or feminine grammatical gender, with accompanied binary forms for adjective agreement, pronouns and prepositions.

Pronouns

Pronouns in standard Irish Gaelic are as follows:

Sé - meaning he in English, is a masculine pronoun.
Sí - meaning she in English, is a feminine pronoun.
Siad - meaning they in English, is neutral but a plural pronoun.

Native speakers and new speakers alike have been thinking up helpful gender neutral alternatives. Some of these gender neutral pronouns include:

Siad - though not commonly used, some people have used this in place of binary pronouns, although some a critical of using it this way because they worry it will confuse people, because of Siad being used as a plural pronoun.
Siú - suggested from some learners in the duolingo community, it bears resemblance to Sé and Sí but stands alone as a gender neutral alternative. Not regularly used.
Duí - non-standard, used in place of Sí and Sé, it derives from the word duine which translates to person. Bear in mind that the grammatical gender of duine itself is grammatically masculine in gender.

Irish has three grammatical forms for personal pronouns: conjunctive form, disjunctive form and emphatic form.

Conjunctive form

The conjunctive form is used when the subject follows the verb. Standard Irish sentence structure is Verb Subject Object or VSO. Forms corresponding to the non-standard pronouns above include Siú and Duí

Example: Ritheann siú or "they (sg.) run" Ritheann duí or "they (sg.) run"

Disjunctive form

The disjunctive form is used when the pronoun isn't the subject or the subject pronoun doesn't follow the verb. Forms corresponding to the non-standard pronouns above include Iú and Dhuí"

Examples: Is dalta iú or "they are a student" Is duine dhuí or "they are a person" Buailim mé iú or "I hit them" Buailim mé dhuí or "I hit them"

Emphatic form

Emphatic form is used to emphasize pronouns and is similar to the English use of italics to give words a bit more weight. Conjunctive and Disjunctive forms exist within the Emphatic form. Forms for the nonstandard pronouns include Suisa and Duísean (emphatic conjunctive) and Uisa and Dhuísean (emphatic disjunctive).

Examples: Is dhuísean! or "It's them'"

Is suisa! or "It's them"

In addition to these other forms of pronouns, The irish language has "prepositional pronouns", which create specific forms of gender pronouns depending on the type of preposition.

Titles

Family terms

Páiste means child, (plural páistí), grammatically masculine.
Tuismitheoir means parent (plural tuismitheoirí), grammatically masculine.

Professions

Descriptions

Other terms

Japanese

Korean

Latin

Latin is essentially a historical language, but it is still used by a small but vibrant community worldwide. It starts to have some LGBT terminology, like "homophylophilia" (homosexuality), "propensio sexualis" (sexual orientation), "intersexualitas" (intersexuality), "identitas generis" (gender identity) etc., but modern neologisms remain a tricky issue in the language. Also, Latin traditionally makes extensive use of generic masculine, which is thus difficult to avoid. If one is ready to use terms that didn't exist in the classical language (or had a different meaning then), but have nevertheless been in use for centuries (e.g. "persona", "individuum"), it is possible to use a mix of terms of different grammatical genders and add other words as appositions aligned in gender in order to convey gender neutrality, e.g. "homo filius", "persona filia" and "individuum filium" in order to express "child" (in the sense of offspring). For "enby", "nebinium" has been proposed.^[1]

Norwegian

Norwegian is a language with three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter, but they have nothing at all to do with real gender. For example, "kvinne", which means "woman", "kusine", which means a female cousin, "jente", which means "girl", and "dronning", which means "queen", are all or can be masculine nouns. There are also a few odd words, such as romkamerat, an inclusive word meaning room-mate. The word "kamerat" means male friend.

Family terms

Ektefelle: An inclusive word for a spouse.
Barn: An inclusive word for a child.
Søskenbarn: An inclusive word for a cousin.
Forelder: A word for a parent.

Pronouns

Seg: An extremely common, standard word for "themself" or "themselves".
Si: The feminine possessive form of 'seg'. It indicates belonging to the subject, but not the gender/lack of gender of the subject (or even the object).
Sin: The masculine possessive form of 'seg'. Its function is similar to the function described above.
Sitt: The neuter possessive form of 'seg'. Its function is similar to the function described above.

Hen: An inclusive third-person pronoun. The Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) is unfavourable towards use of "hen" as a general gender-neutral pronoun in formal texts (while open to change should actual language use evolve), but advises to use it when requested by a nonbinary person. At that occasion, the Språkrådet uses "hen" also as object form and "hens" as genitive form.^[2]

Other Types of Relationships

Venn: A standard word for "friend". "Kamerat" and "venninne", the other words, are binary.
Kjæreste: A person who is loved by another person, but not married to them.

Portuguese

Russian

Unlike English, Russian has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. While neuter allows some non-binary people adjectives to use, this gender is not ideal for non-binary people for grammatical reasons. The first is that most neuter nouns decline like masculine nouns. The second is that neuter animate nouns do not change in the accusative case, while both masculine and feminine nouns do. This implies that people using neuter words are not human.

Titles

госпожне	Plural is "госпожня". Grammatical gender is neutral, and while in the singular it takes endings similar to the masculine.

Family Terms

-евче and -овче	In Russian, rather than middle names, children have patronyms, or their father's first name with -евич/-ович (for boys) or -евна/-овна (for girls) added to the end. -евче and -овче are genderqueer endings for one's patronym. Alternatives include -евчен/-овчен (agender), -еви/-ови (multigender) and more.

Spanish

This section has its own article Gender neutral language in Spanish.

Swedish

A symbol of Swedish female, male, and neutral pronouns.

Traditionally, the word den has been used as a gender neutral pronoun and remains widely used today. However, depending on the context, the word den can also mean it leaving it unsatisfactory as a gender neutral pronoun for many who do not wish to be seen as comparable to an inanimate object. Since the 1960s, the person pronoun hen has become increasingly popular and will, in 2015, be added for the first time to Svenska Akademiens Ordlista (the Swedish equivalent to France's Dictionnaire de l'Académie française). It usage, however, remains somewhat contraversial and is vigorously opposed by some.

Pronouns

hen	Standard gender neutral / third gender personal pronoun
hens	Possive form of hen
henom	Object form of hen

The object form of hen is sometimes just hens. It is very individual.

Thai

External links

Gender-neutral/Queer Titles. A long, continually updated list of gender-neutral or genderqueer words for family members and relationships in English.
Language learning beyond the gender binary, by linguist Timothy McKeon, on how to be gender-neutral or gender-variant in many different languages.

References

[1] See here.

[2] ttp://www.sprakradet.no/Vi-og-vart/Publikasjoner/Spraaknytt/spraknytt-20162/spraknytt-12016/han-ho-eller-hen/

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 Examples:
 ''Is dhuísean!'' or "It's ''them'"
 ''Is suisa!'' or "It's ''them''"