Бигендерность

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    Bigender, or bi-gender, is a gender identity under the multigender, nonbinary, and transgender umbrella terms. Bigender people have two distinct gender identities, either at the same time, or at different times. The latter is a form of genderfluid identity, and may involve only two distinct genders, or it may involve "shades of gray between the two."[1] The two genders of a bigender person can be the two binary genders, female and male. This is what people usually assume bigender means. However, some people who identify as bigender have a different pair of genders. For example, their two genders might be female and neutrois. Or the two genders might be both nonbinary, such as agender and aporagender. Bigender is recognized by the American Psychological Association (APA) as a subset of the transgender group.[2]

    История

    A 1997 paper concerning the "gender continuum" in International Journal of Transgenderism noted that "a person who feels or acts as both a woman and a man may identify as bi-gendered." The paper also described individuals who were "genderblended", being both binary genders but either "more man than woman" or "more woman than man".[3]

    A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were assigned male at birth and less than 8% of those who were assigned female at birth identified as bigender.[4]

    In a 2010 encyclopedia, bigender is listed as a type of "androgyne" gender: "Androgyne identities include pangender, bigender, ambigender, nongendered, agender, gender fluid, or intergender."[5]

    In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of genderfluid people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders."[6][7][8] These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now.

    В 2014 году "Бигендер" стал одним из 56 гендеров доступных на Facebook.[9]

    In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,[10] defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."[11]

    In 2017, bigender was one of the 37 gender options added to the dating network Tinder.[12]

    Гендерная экспрессия

    Bigender people "move between feminine and masculine gender-typed behaviour depending on context. Some bigendered individuals express a distinctly ‘en femme’ persona and a distinctly ‘en homme’ persona […] others have shades of grey between the two."[13]

    Известные бигендерные люди

    Ukrainian author R.B. Lemberg, who descibes themself as bigender.

    "Читайте основную статью: Известные небинарные люди"

    Есть много известных людей, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех известных людей, которые используют слово "бигендер" в отношении себя

    • The Ukranian writer R.B. Lemberg is bigender.[15][16] Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine.
    • The young adult novelist Mia Siegert is bigender.[17] Siegert's debut novel Jerkbait made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop![18]

    Бигендерные персонажи в кино и литературе

    "Читайте основную статью: Nonbinary gender in fiction|Небинарные персонажи в кино и литературе"

    Есть много персонажей в кино и литературе, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех персонажей, которые были названы словом "бигендер" в каноне, или их создателями.

    • But I'm A Cat Person авторства Эрин Птах - городской фентези вебкомикс, в котором есть персонажи бигендер - Тимоти/Камеллия Маттей, а так же несколько 'Существ', которые могут принимать форму женщины и мужчины одновременно. Так же показывает разных ЛГБ песонажей. Обновляется три раза в неделю.

    Смотрите также

    Внешние ссылки

    Ссылки

    1. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    2. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    3. ↑ Eyler, A.E.; Wright, K. (1997). "Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence". International Journal of Transgenderism.
    4. ↑ Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02
    5. ↑ Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies, page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.
    6. ↑ Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". Medical Hypotheses 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652
    7. ↑ "Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". Neuroskeptic. April 8, 2012. http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html
    8. ↑ Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html
    9. ↑ Ева Шапиро, "гендерные схемы: тела и идентичность в век технологий." Unpaged.
    10. ↑ "New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/
    11. ↑ "Bigender." Dictionary.com. Retrieved May 18, 2015. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender
    12. ↑ Mallenbaum, Carly (15 November 2016). "What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms". USA TODAY. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
    13. ↑ Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)
    14. ↑ Facebook post, June 6 2015
    15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16
    16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Tweet on July 25, 2018 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "RBL-tweet" defined multiple times with different content
    17. ↑ "Writing from a Place of Truth". Diversity in YA. Retrieved 2 May 2020. I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male.
    18. ↑ Mari (January 7, 2020). "Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert". musings of a book girl. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
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